[HN Gopher] New laser could cram GPS alternative into a shoebox
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       New laser could cram GPS alternative into a shoebox
        
       Author : fofoz
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2024-09-24 07:44 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | master_crab wrote:
       | Sadly, the first applications of this will most likely be
       | military.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | This will absolutely go in missiles to handle GPS jamming and
         | submarines where satellite signals are unavailable, yes.
         | 
         | It'll be nice if they can get it small enough for a phone,
         | though.
        
           | reliablereason wrote:
           | I would assume that the refrigerator sized ones are
           | definitely already in submarines.
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | Maybe, but this isn't the only way to build a high
             | performance accelerometer.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > This will absolutely go in missiles to handle GPS jamming
           | 
           | Depending on when the tech is available, preventing GPS
           | jamming of drones is probably much more urgent in Ukraine.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Yes, but until they're autonomous the drones are still
             | heavily subject to jamming of their radio controls. This
             | won't fix that.
             | 
             | HIMARS, on the other hand, will enjoy the improvements.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | "Until"?
               | 
               | They've been in use for years now in that war. The Shahed
               | drone, for example, was used by Russia. About two years
               | ago Ukraine was using autonomous drones to down Shahed
               | drones.
               | 
               | AI targeting came out in the Gulf war, friend. 35 years
               | ago, Tomahawks could use rudimentary AI to match
               | preprogrammed terrain profile and target imagery to get
               | more precise targeting.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The Shahed drone, for example, was used by Russia.
               | 
               | The Shaeed is really just a rather shitty cruise missile.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HESA_Shahed_136 "No cameras
               | or short-range sensors were noted in 2022."
               | 
               | > Tomahawks could use rudimentary AI to match
               | preprogrammed terrain profile and target imagery to get
               | more precise targeting.
               | 
               | Key word: preprogrammed, and similarly a cruise missile.
               | 
               | It's the FPV drones chasing down people in trenches that
               | require real-time video transmission to control.
        
               | talldayo wrote:
               | The Shahed drone can't use it's INS system to communicate
               | with a ground operator or reprogram itself. As the other
               | comment says, it's basically a glorified cruise missile
               | that has the autonomy of a Roomba. Disabling a Shahed
               | with another drone _may_ have happened, but it 's
               | certainly not the primary threat to the Shahed when
               | compared to CIWS or SAMs.
               | 
               | AI targeting was debuted in the Patriot missile system,
               | which does technically field the required elements of a
               | hands-off kill chain. But TERCOM is not AI nor was it
               | debuted in the 90s with the TLAM. The original _BLOCK-I_
               | variants of the Tomohawk (and many versions released
               | afterwards) were no more autonomous than the Shahed-136.
        
           | aledalgrande wrote:
           | Yeah it would be awesome to finally have accurate positioning
           | in between highrises on the phone, gps sucks for that.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | That's literally what's funding this research
        
           | imoverclocked wrote:
           | That could be the point of sentiment around this tech. Most
           | funded development is done out of military R&D instead of
           | science/consumer/art purposes. Everything else ends up
           | benefiting eventually but it would be nice if we didn't only
           | create things for war and then later repurpose them for
           | everything else.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | More specifically, nuclear arms, where the budget is "there is
         | no budget." Just the inertial guidance system of a 90's-era
         | ICBM cost over six figures per missile. The ability to
         | precisely place a missile without any external navigation
         | (except for stars.)
         | 
         | Once it gets cheap enough, it'll probably go into cruise
         | missiles; it could eliminate or reduce the need for terrain
         | contour matching, which requires radar transmission.
         | 
         | I'm not 100% certain but I believe when MEMS accelerometers
         | first came out, the better ones were subject to arms controls
         | because of fears they could be used in missiles.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | Nuclear arms doesn't need as much accuracy as other weapons
           | though: when using a cruise missile or a glide bomb with a
           | few hundreds of kilograms of explosives, you need metric
           | precision to get the military effect, when the payload is a
           | 100kt bomb, then 100m is accurate enough.
           | 
           | Unlike other bombs it must absolutely be 100% resilient to
           | any kind of spoofing though, for obvious reasons, hence GNSS
           | is a nonstarter for those when they are the default guidance
           | system for other weapons (with backups, for cruise missile).
        
             | dingaling wrote:
             | > when the payload is a 100kt bomb, then 100m is accurate
             | enough
             | 
             | Not accurate enough for counterforce. When a missile silo
             | lid can withstand 600 atmospheres of overpressure, "close
             | enough" isn't good enough.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | My point was that nuclear missile development gets a blank
             | check and I cited the over-six-figure intertial guidance
             | units in 80's and 90's era missiles as an example of this.
             | 
             | I'm not sure what point you're trying to make here?
             | 
             | Accuracy is incredibly important because you don't put a
             | nuke somewhere to kill people; you put it there to destroy
             | infrastructure. More specifically nuclear missile silos,
             | and bomb shelters (well, the people inside them.)
             | 
             | Reducing the CEP means you can use a smaller nuclear yield
             | to get the job done, which is preferable for a number of
             | reasons, including politics, but also allowing for more
             | targets in a strike.
             | 
             | The very latest US ICBMs are suspected of having sub-100m
             | CEP. CEP for ICBMs is "bad" enough that it is typical for
             | planners to figure three warheads per target, but accuracy
             | is rumored to be getting good enough where that is no
             | longer necessary.
        
               | dgroshev wrote:
               | > you don't put a nuke somewhere to kill people; you put
               | it there to destroy infrastructure. More specifically
               | nuclear missile silos, and bomb shelters (well, the
               | people inside them.)
               | 
               | It depends.
               | 
               | "Counter-force" strikes aim to destroy the ability to
               | respond or attack with nuclear weapons, not
               | infrastructure per se. So that's just silos, warhead
               | storage sites, submarines in port, airfields, etc. The US
               | is doctrinally counter-force for about half a century.
               | This doctrine is also reflected in technological choices:
               | lower yields and higher precision mean lower fallout,
               | collateral damage, and fratricide when hunting for silos,
               | but aren't that useful for city busting.
               | 
               | "Counter-value" strikes are pure destruction of cities
               | and killing of people. Russia seems to have this doctrine
               | [1]. This is a very inflexible doctrine, because you
               | can't credibly threaten to execute a counter-value attack
               | on the US over things that don't seem to be worth a
               | response in kind (like a defeat in Ukraine). It's much
               | cheaper though.
               | 
               | > The very latest US ICBMs are suspected of having
               | sub-100m CEP
               | 
               | Apparently the precision is good enough for photos like
               | the one on page 23 here
               | https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1557069
               | 
               | [1]: At least strategically. There is a hybrid strategy
               | of targeting military-related infrastructure, which
               | Russia seems to have adopted for less-than-strategic
               | forces according to recent leaks https://www.ft.com/conte
               | nt/237e1e55-401d-4eeb-875b-03fe68f81... .
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | It makes a difference for hard targets, see the new nuclear
             | "super-fuzes."
             | 
             | It can take several warheads to destroy a missile silo with
             | high probability, because even landing a little off-target
             | can spare the silo. Greater precision means it takes
             | substantially fewer.
             | 
             | https://thebulletin.org/2017/03/how-us-nuclear-force-
             | moderni...
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | In Russia's case, there does appear to be "no budget". The
           | weapons were intended as a last resort, and so they are a
           | great target for diverting maintenance funds.
           | 
           | It's not quite so bad as "we are certain that they will not
           | successfully launch any nukes" and so they're still being
           | treated with caution. But the US keeps upping what it allows
           | Ukraine to do as it loses its fear of World War III.
           | 
           | As it applies to the US... yeah, the sky is the limit for
           | military spending.
        
             | dgroshev wrote:
             | There is no fear of WWIII, that's part media invention,
             | part political excuse, part useful idiots. A "World War"
             | requires an opponent worthy of a world-wide conflict, and
             | Russia is anything but, being stuck in Ukraine for three
             | years and losing most of its army in the process.
             | Conventionally, Russia is no match for NATO, with enough
             | political will it'd be a Desert Storm-like curb stomp. The
             | only way it's not is the US abandoning NATO, then it can be
             | quite painful, but even then Russian economy is no match
             | for the EU.
             | 
             | As for nuclear weapons, they are practically useless.
             | Anything but strategic use would have little impact on the
             | battlefield, but will immediately alienate China and India.
             | They have their own border conflicts and do NOT want the
             | nuclear taboo to be broken, and they are holding the leash,
             | being the only economic and technological lifeline Russia
             | has. A strike against the US would be suicidal for obvious
             | reasons.
             | 
             | Also, notice how Putin and his officials _talk_ about
             | nuclear use a lot, but there is still zero evidence of any
             | _action_ (such as dispersal of road-based ICBMs or 12th
             | GUMO taking warheads out of storage). Rhetoric is cheap and
             | not credible.
             | 
             | The only real fear of escalation here is "horizontal"
             | escalation: Russia stirring shit elsewhere. Advanced anti-
             | ship missiles to Houthis, handing nuclear technology to
             | North Koreans or submarine technology to China, that kind
             | of thing. But that's already seem to be happening, and
             | there isn't much more that Russia can do.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _will immediately alienate China and India_
               | 
               | To drive this home, India and China have a moderately
               | high probability of engaging in armed conflict with a
               | nuclear power in the next decades. (India with Pakistan
               | and China, China with America.)
               | 
               | They do _not_ want tactical nukes to be normalised in
               | prelude to those conflicts.
        
               | aguaviva wrote:
               | _There is no fear of WWIII, that 's part media invention,
               | part political excuse, part useful idiots._
               | 
               | Not true at all. The risk may be overstated by some, but
               | it's a perfectly possible outcome that must be
               | considered.[0]
               | 
               |  _A "World War" requires an opponent worthy of a world-
               | wide conflict, and Russia is anything but_
               | 
               | Also simply not true. It just requires one side to start
               | using nukes, which can also happen entirely by accident
               | (and has come close to happening multiple times, even
               | without a multi-year and incredibly nasty hot proxy
               | conflict on the ground between two of the planet's
               | largest mutual adversaries).
               | 
               |  _As for nuclear weapons, they are practically useless._
               | 
               | True of course, but it doesn't matter. What matters is
               | that certain people might start to _think_ that they 're
               | useful and/or their only choice. Which gets into the fact
               | that we can't assume these people are acting rationally.
               | 
               |  _Also, notice how Putin and his officials talk about
               | nuclear use a lot, but there is still zero evidence of
               | any action_
               | 
               | Right, but that can change at any time. It doesn't even
               | have to be a tactical battlefield strike (which of course
               | would be useless, and their people know it). For example,
               | once their backs are pushed against the wall with
               | sufficient firmness, Putin or his successors might start
               | to think that a demonstrative high-altitude detonation
               | over an ocean somewhere might be a pretty neat idea.
               | Especially if they've reached a point where they have
               | nothing more to lose, and have a reasonable fear of being
               | outright killed sooner or later if the current situation
               | on the ground starts to move strongly and rapidly against
               | them.
               | 
               | [0] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41525830
        
               | dgroshev wrote:
               | I don't think there is any conceivable scenario in which
               | Russia using nuclear weapons would lead to anything
               | resembling "World War", except Russia launching a
               | counter-value strike against continental US, which is
               | just not happening. A high-altitude detonation is not a
               | "World War".
               | 
               | Russia is a China's client state at this point, and China
               | is very interested in keeping nukes taboo. They are so
               | worried their own army is only allowed melee weapons in
               | border skirmishes with India. There is no way a
               | demonstrative breaking of the taboo would not get Putin's
               | leash yanked, so even that remote possibility (that has
               | nothing to do with WW3) is extremely improbable and would
               | only hasten Russia's defeat. Unless, of course, our
               | politicians use it as an excuse to abandon Ukraine.
               | 
               | Also, no one is "pushing Russia's back against the wall"
               | in Ukraine, there are no M1A2s speeding to Moscow. Russia
               | understands it perfectly well, too, denuding their
               | borders with NATO to throw more soldiers into the meat
               | grinder.
               | 
               | > the fact that we can't assume these people are acting
               | rationally
               | 
               | I think this meme is largely a cop-out. A person just
               | doesn't get to be a leader of a country by acting
               | irrationally. They might interpret things differently or
               | have different priorities, they might even put on an act
               | of irrational buffoonery, but it's different from being
               | "irrational". However, to see the rationality of their
               | actions requires putting yourself in theirs shoes, which
               | is uncomfortable and/or requires a deeper understanding,
               | so it's easier to just write their behaviour as
               | "irrational".
               | 
               | Putin is perfectly rational. The empty threats are
               | working (as evidenced by this thread), there is no risk
               | of a strategic exchange (because the actual signalling on
               | the ground is one of business as usual), and Western
               | politicians are successfully convincing their voters that
               | they drag their feet because WW3, not because actually
               | stopping the war (eg deploying a NATO peace keeping
               | force) would incur a substantially higher domestic cost.
               | 
               | We don't really talk about potential North Korean
               | aggression in WW3 terms, do we? We shouldn't do that in
               | Russian case either.
        
         | horstbort wrote:
         | Thankfully, the same measurement technique can be used to
         | measure e.g. gravitational fields, and there are already
         | devices available on the market which surpass classical
         | gravimeters in accuracy and precision. There are also satellite
         | missions in the planning to map Earth's gravitational field
         | with atom interferometry.
        
         | mhb wrote:
         | It's only sad if you are a fan of inaccurate munitions and
         | collateral damage.
        
         | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
         | This is truism applicable to the vast majority of technologies.
         | Space was once also a rival mother of invention.
         | 
         | If quantum INS can soon take out more Russian ammo dumps in
         | spectacular fashion, then bring on improvements to lasers.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | An ultra sensitive motion sensor. Intriguing.
       | 
       | Could one derive the Earth's rotation? The motion of the solar
       | system?
       | 
       | By watching vibrations could it be a microphone?
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | You don't need anything nearly so fancy for a laser microphone.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | Still want one.
           | 
           |  _And this vector right here.... that 's the milky way's
           | orbit about the greater magellanic cloud..._
        
         | jacobp100 wrote:
         | No because velocity only makes sense as relative to something
         | else. There's no 'fixed points' in the universe
         | 
         | This device will track acceleration rather than velocity
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | Points on the Earth's surface are experiencing an
           | acceleration- after all, after 12 hours their velocity has
           | changed direction by ~180 degrees.
           | 
           | You can detect Earth's rotation with a sufficiently large
           | pendulum[0] or a good gyroscope. Something with enough
           | inertia will tend to refuse to rotate with the planet, which
           | lets you compare the two and infer the absolute rotational
           | speed of the planet.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulum
        
             | swayvil wrote:
             | I figure that all motion is curved because all motion is on
             | space bent by gravity or whatever. So motion always
             | involves some acceleration vectors.
             | 
             | Is that... assful?
        
         | cooljacob204 wrote:
         | For the first two questions I wouldn't think so because it
         | detects acceleration. But I also only have a high school level
         | of physics knowledge so maybe I'm wrong.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | Anything rotating is experiencing acceleration, you can tell
           | whether your merry-go-round is spinning or not with your eyes
           | closed: that's the acceleration.
        
         | Majromax wrote:
         | > Could one derive the Earth's rotation?
         | 
         | Yes, existing gyroscopes are sensitive enough for that. In
         | 1966, one of the first Soviet attempts to launch the Soyuz
         | failed on the pad because the guidance system remained active
         | after a scrubbed launch attempt. After a couple of hours, the
         | Earth had rotated enough such that the guidance system thought
         | it was off-course, triggering the still-armed launch escape
         | system.
         | 
         | > The motion of the solar system?
         | 
         | This system, probably not. This _class_ of system at lab scale,
         | maybe eventually. It seems that the galaxy 's gravitational
         | acceleration on the solar system is on the order of 10^-10 m/s 
         | (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/12/201203133906.h..
         | .), so about 10 pico-g. The article says that cold atom
         | interferometers have current sensitivities in the nano-g range
         | but could still potentially improve.
         | 
         | > By watching vibrations could it be a microphone?
         | 
         | With that kind of sensitivity, making it _not_ be a microphone
         | is probably the harder task. However, the sensitivity doesn 't
         | necessarily make it a good microphone, since detecting a small
         | signal is useless if the signal-to-noise ratio is too low.
        
           | red75prime wrote:
           | > that the galaxy's gravitational acceleration on the solar
           | system is on the order of 10^-10 m/s
           | 
           | A free falling accelerometer (that is an accelerometer that
           | moves along a spacetime geodesic) will detect no
           | acceleration. And the solar system "free-falls". I don't see
           | how we can detect that.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | > Could one derive the Earth's rotation? The motion of the
         | solar system?
         | 
         | It's not a motion sensor; it's an acceleration sensor. That's
         | an important distinction because the primary problem with IMUs
         | is that they work of changes in velocity, and error in those
         | measurements slowly accumulate - so they almost always need
         | external references to correct for accumulated drift.
        
       | bee_rider wrote:
       | We've had other discussions of these sort of quantum compass
       | ideas, see
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40692333
       | 
       | for example.
       | 
       | I can never quite wrap my head around it or figure out if they
       | are all the same idea, or what, and what exactly the idea is.
       | 
       | In particular, the article soften describe something that "could
       | replace GPS." But then they start taking about compasses, and
       | things that sound a lot like IMUs. Integrating accelerations is
       | well known as a bad way of keeping track of position over longer
       | timescales due to catastrophic cancellation. A more accurate IMU
       | might let you do it for a little longer, but eventually you need
       | an absolute reference point to correct your drift.
       | 
       | But then, sometimes there are references to making very careful
       | measurements of the change in the gravitational field. So maybe
       | those could act as landmarks or something?
       | 
       | I wish there was an article for people who, like, had _a_ control
       | theory or signal processing class, but it was too early in the
       | morning and not very interesting.
        
         | gmrple wrote:
         | Gravity map matching is an approach that can provide absolute
         | references, the general problem there is that gravity maps are
         | not good enough.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | They also vary over time or something, right? So even a more
           | precise measurement device, to get better gravity maps,
           | doesn't solve the problem... maybe? This is all based on
           | half-remembered other comments.
        
             | ricksunny wrote:
             | So I would like to learn more about gravity map matching.
             | I've seen offhand references to it in context of placing an
             | ICBM on target (can't find ref now) but that's it. I
             | imagine it is, (or was for long enough to make info sparse)
             | a classified piece of know-how.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | There's also the tides, and variations in the tides with 2nd
           | and 3rd order effects on gravity. Absolute references based
           | on variable references is ugly!
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | Only when you're on the ground in the first place. Otherwise,
           | you have a circular problem: past a certain point your IMU
           | needs a gravity map to remain accurate, else the drift from
           | variations in gravity is larger than the drift in your
           | sensor. And you need to know where you are and how you're
           | moving to measure gravity.
        
         | Arch485 wrote:
         | My understanding is that by using "the magic of quantum",
         | accelerations can be measured with 0 error (for practical
         | purposes), so it's an incredibly accurate dead reckoning
         | positioning system. In that way, it's "GPS, but better" because
         | you can't be jammed or lose signal. It would also work under
         | water or under ground.
        
           | horstbort wrote:
           | That's the gist of it, yes. The big advantage atom
           | interferometers have over classical IMUs is that they do not
           | need to be recalibrated every so often. They are thus often
           | called "drift free". That still means that you need to
           | compare your position with a reference after a certain time,
           | but the position uncertainty is much lower and only
           | determined by the error accumulating from integration, not
           | due to the instrument itself degrading over time and
           | introducing systematic errors. The reason here is not really
           | "quantum magic" but rather the fact that the reference for
           | the measurement is a laser beam which can be controlled with
           | remarkable precision and accuracy.
        
         | actinium226 wrote:
         | From the article
         | 
         | > Motion sensors in wearable devices are usually sensitive to
         | accelerations in the range of [milli-gs]. Bigger, more
         | expensive accelerometers ... on the order of [0.1 mill-gs]
         | 
         | > More accurate than either of these mobile accelerometers are
         | cold-atom interferometers. These currently have sensitivities
         | of [nano-gs], with future potential for [femto-gs], Kodigala
         | says.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | This used to be mostly a military problem. No longer. GPS is no
         | longer reliable enough for civilian aerial navigation in much
         | of eastern Europe and the Middle East.[1] _" Most recently, for
         | the one-month period from July 15 - August 15, 2024, a total of
         | 41,000 flights experienced spoofing. Because modern aircraft
         | have incorporated GPS into a large number of aircraft systems,
         | the impact of a spoofed GPS signal has had severe and cascading
         | effects. These include the FMS, Hybrid IRS, the aircraft clock,
         | GPWS, Weather Radar, CPDLC, ADS-B and ADS-C, as well as
         | numerous other systems."_ GPS is so low power that spoofing
         | signals now take out a large area of service.
         | 
         | [1] https://ops.group/blog/gps-spoofing-final-report/
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | There are many frequent flyers travelling on routes going
           | through those regions, dozens of times each in the last year.
           | 
           | And they haven't reported any noticeable issues caused by GPS
           | spoofing, at least not that I've heard of.
           | 
           | So I'd be surprised if modern planes are designed such that
           | the loss of GPS for an hour or two would cause issues severe
           | enough to be noticed by even seasoned travellers.
        
             | aftbit wrote:
             | Not to be a jerk, but you would be wrong. GPS spoofing is a
             | growing problem in commercial aviation. So far it has not
             | led to any fatalities, but it has led to a significant
             | number of system malfunctions which degrade the safety
             | features available to pilots.
             | 
             | One example that made the rounds on social media a few
             | months back was a crew flying above 30,000 ft receiving
             | "Terrain - Pull Up!" advisories. They ignored them, because
             | there is no terrain on earth at 30k ft. If that had
             | happened at a lower altitude, they would have likely had to
             | do a terrain escape maneuver, which would definitely be
             | felt by passengers, though it would likely not introduce a
             | lot of additional safety risk.
             | 
             | The real risk comes when pilots begin to doubt that their
             | safety systems are working correctly and thus ignore true
             | warnings. Or when a bungled GPS leads pilots to fly into
             | military airspace and get shot down.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Because modern aircraft have incorporated GPS into a large
           | number of aircraft systems_
           | 
           | Aviation is slow. It wasn't until recently that GPS-based
           | landing approach became common, and even then you're double
           | checking with ground radar. No commercial airliner would use
           | IMU--if ground-based radar is not operating or cooperating,
           | you get out of that airspace.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Inertial navigation can be paired with GPS (and friends),
         | terrain recognition, etc. to keep it accurate, and it can be
         | used to detect jamming attacks on GPS. You can even use fairly
         | low accuracy IMUs to detect jamming attacks on GPS, so it's
         | certainly worth using.
         | 
         | With enough accuracy the frequency at which an IMU needs to be
         | recalibrated with GPS or other systems can be low enough that a
         | ship need only do it when at port, or a plane need only do it
         | when parked or at an airport gate. I.e., at places where
         | differential GPS can be available and/or where location can be
         | known statically since the location only changes due to
         | continental drift (i.e., very slowly).
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | I wonder if we are within a century of having pulsar detection on
       | a chip.
       | 
       | Document enough millisecond pulsars and find your position
       | anywhere in the galaxy.
       | 
       | When signal reception and computing power get powerful enough,
       | put it on your wrist.
        
       | ajuc wrote:
       | The main application would obviously be missiles and autonomous
       | military drones. If you can use GPS - you should. It's crazy
       | cheap and it doesn't accumulate errors over time. But in a war
       | GPS can be jammed. This can't.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Lot's of Western weapons already combine INS and GPS. I suppose
         | this could be a better alternative to INS.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-158_JASSM
         | 
         | > Guidance system: GPS, INS, IIR
        
           | wood_spirit wrote:
           | There was a big cheapening when the military miniaturised
           | fast gps so small and cheap it could be put into artillery
           | shells. This was very effective when Excalibur and himars
           | first arrived in Ukraine.
           | 
           | By the time the small diameter bombs had been married to a
           | rocket the Russians had effective and pervasive gps jamming
           | and accuracy plummeted.
           | 
           | The older more expensive systems with ins like atacms
           | maintained accuracy.
        
             | ajuc wrote:
             | There's a Polish guy that volunteered in Ukraine building
             | drones, he talked about this.
             | 
             | There are tricks to avoid most of the GPS jamming, long-
             | distance drones use them (he said the evolution is crazy
             | fast, every 3 months there's new techniques deployed) the
             | traditional military systems can't be modified in 3 months
             | so they are more vulnurable.
             | 
             | They are constantly changing the video and controlling
             | frequencies, there is some AI appearing, a big change was
             | flying signal repeaters, there are tethered flying drones
             | with rolls of fibre for steering/video that are completely
             | invulnurable to jamming. Often they also have cables for
             | power, so they can stay in air forever.
             | 
             | But even in the cheapest drones there are ways to deal with
             | it. For starters you shield the GPS from the bottom half-
             | sphere, and you put 2 GPS receivers at opposite ends of the
             | drone and compare the signals. Jammers are closer than
             | sattelites, so the difference between the signals sampled 2
             | meters apart will be mostly the jamming, and then you can
             | remove it.
             | 
             | It's not perfect, but it's good enough for the drones to
             | hit the targets most of the time. And they obviously have
             | cheap accelerometers, compass etc - which is basically INS,
             | just less accurate. So it's sufficient to get by through
             | the region with jamming, and to recognize when GPS is
             | spoofed.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | This _is_ inertial navigation. It 's just much more accurate
           | than existing systems.
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | INS incl. LRG has been a thing for decades. The modern
           | problem is over-reliance on GPS (military coded and
           | commercial). QINS would solve many issues but GNSS is also
           | still needed to calibrate the system at least initially (at
           | launch) and opportunistically mid-course. The other thing
           | that is being fielded, despite its downsides and
           | vulnerabilities, is wire guidance a-la TOW.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Commercial airliners and ships badly need this functionality.
        
       | fdfgyu wrote:
       | Ships are big, if this were a real problem it would be easy to
       | find space for a "lab sized" laser.
       | 
       | ICBM warheads are small. Space in drones and fighter jets is at a
       | premium.
       | 
       | This is military.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | While ships are big, there is a lot they want in them so space
         | tends to be limited if the ship wasn't designed to do that.
         | Military places the big things and the rest in between
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | If Sandia is revealing this, they probably have a secret version
       | that is already being loaded into cruise missiles and ICBMs.
       | Seeing what's happening over in Ukraine, it has to be clear to
       | every military in the world that GPS is no longer of much
       | practical use on its own.
        
       | krick wrote:
       | So, remembering the exact location once, and then tracking all
       | movement with almost absolute precision, thus calculating all
       | future locations? Did I get it right?
        
         | actinium226 wrote:
         | Basically yes. If you want to get technical about it, it's not
         | tracking movement it's tracking acceleration, which you can
         | then integrate twice to update position.
        
           | krick wrote:
           | Technically, acceleration is movement in an inertial
           | system... Anyway, I was wondering for a long time, why
           | phones/watched don't attempt to do it (at least, I never saw
           | useful results of it). Surely it would be more useful to me
           | than nothing, when lost in a labyrinth underground. I always
           | assumed, that results are so horrible (close to random) that
           | nobody even bothers. But then it doesn't tell me much if
           | there is an accelerometer 1000 or 1M times more accurate, in
           | a shoe-box or otherwise. Like, how often does it have to re-
           | calibrate after all?
           | 
           | Are there any records of how currently available consumer
           | devices measure up in this regard?
        
             | mhb wrote:
             | After integrating the output twice from current COTS
             | accelerometers, position is useless in at most a few
             | minutes.
        
             | sahmeepee wrote:
             | You might be interested in this app to try it for yourself:
             | 
             | https://github.com/nisargnp/DeadReckoning
             | 
             | I read a paper some time ago which suggested that mobile
             | devices are still nowhere near good enough to use this e.g.
             | for navigation around a shopping mall.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | But like an IMU, doesn't this need occasional calibration with a
       | known location source?
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Yes, but if it's accurate enough then the frequency of
         | recalibration can be kept low enough that inertial navigation
         | can be practical.
        
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