[HN Gopher] Will plants grow on the moon?
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       Will plants grow on the moon?
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 46 points
       Date   : 2024-09-27 19:16 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nautil.us)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nautil.us)
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This is cool. I look forward to seeing the results of this
       | experiment. In case you were curious, this is routinely done on
       | the ISS [1] so I don't expect low-g on the Moon to be an issue.
       | The one issue is radiation (which is mentioned) because the Moon
       | is exposed to this in a way the ISS isn't (thanks to the Van
       | Allen belt).
       | 
       | Should this become necessary however, it won't even be an issue
       | long-term. Why? Because you'd grow things underground. There's
       | absolutely no reason to do anything above ground on the Moon. We
       | have pretty strong evidence of ancient lava tubes so there's no
       | need to excavate either.
       | 
       | Ideally, you'd seal a lava tube and put in air and you could live
       | in it with the plants being natural oxygenators.
       | 
       | Long-term you'd probably want to see if you could manufacture
       | growth medium on the Moon from available materials.
       | 
       | [1]: https://gardenculturemagazine.com/growing-hydroponics-in-
       | spa...
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | > Because you'd grow things underground
         | 
         | Is the radiation close to normal light on earth, so that maybe
         | fiber glass tubes could be used to route the light in a
         | controlled manner into underground caves?
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | > Why? Because you'd grow things underground. There's
         | absolutely no reason to do anything above ground on the Moon
         | 
         | If you grow stuff on the surface and in the sun (with some
         | imaginary window that let the good parts of the sun rays go
         | through, without any of the bad stuff through), wouldn't that
         | be at least slightly more energy efficient, compared to growing
         | stuff underground with lots of strong lights?
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > There's absolutely no reason to do anything above ground on
           | the Moon
           | 
           | Is there a reason to do anything below ground? We already
           | aren't doing anything above ground.
        
             | bdamm wrote:
             | Radiation is a serious problem. It tears apart DNA & RNA.
             | Blocking radiation takes lots of material, hence,
             | underground.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | That's not a reason to do something below ground on the
               | moon. It would be a reason not to do something above
               | ground, which, as I noted, we already don't do.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Yes, but it requires said imaginary window.
           | 
           | Underground just requires LEDs and solar panels. Both of
           | which we can make quite cheaply.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | The problem with the Moon is the 28 Earth day day/night
           | cycle. It takes the Moon from blistering heat (~250F) to
           | bone-chilling cold (-200F) so anything on the surface has
           | both a cooling problem and a heating problem.
           | 
           | There's no atmosphere so the only way to get rid of heat is
           | to irradiate it away into space or pump it away and do the
           | same thing. Likewise, heating is a big problem and an energy
           | waster as you're irradiating away heat.
           | 
           | Going underground just avoids the heating problem, the
           | cooling problem and the radiation problem. It also avoids the
           | issue of meteor impacts on the surface. Those craters came
           | from somewhere.
           | 
           | Excavation is expensive but it depends on what you're working
           | with. Is it loose? is it hard rock? I don't think we have
           | good knowledge of the geology of the Moon because we'd have
           | to go there and start drilling cores to find out. The
           | presence of ancient lava probably means we'd be dealing with
           | some hard stones too like basalt or granite. But that's just
           | a guess.
           | 
           | Lava tubes, if sufficiently large, just solve so many of
           | these problems.
           | 
           | It's just easier to collect power and produce the light you
           | want to grow somethin gunderground.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | I thought there are some regions in the North Pole that are
             | constantly illuminated. Presumably the temperature is
             | significantly more stable in those regions.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | From the article, I believe the effects of the radiation are
         | what's being tested. Which is an important thing to know if we
         | want to put people on Mars as it also has a huge amount of
         | radiation and food is heavy to transport.
         | 
         | If we can grow plants above ground, that can free up resources
         | for an underground colony.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | > Ideally, you'd seal a lava tube and put in air and you could
         | live in it with the plants being natural oxygenators.
         | 
         | We've tried that on earth and it doesn't really work. You need
         | a _lot_ of plants and a wide variety of plants.
         | 
         | Living on the moon is a fantasy. It won't happen in any of our
         | lifetimes. Mars is an even greater fantasy.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Here's a fun youtube video on just how much it'd take to
           | survive on plant life alone. [1]
           | 
           | Spoilers: Can't be done without a huge amount of vegetation.
           | Algae, on the other hand, can work, but it still takes a boat
           | load of algae for just 1 person.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWRkzvcb9FQ
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | > Ideally, you'd seal a lava tube and put in air and you could
         | live in it with the plants being natural oxygenators.
         | 
         | There's a LOT of oxygen on the Moon (basically in every rock).
         | There's effectively no carbon. If you want to grow plants there
         | - you need to take carbon with you (probably in the form of
         | coal you'll burn once there to generate the CO2 needed for
         | plants).
         | 
         | 1 person eats about 1000 kg of food per year, which is about
         | 500 kg of carbon. If you grow plants in a yearly cycle you need
         | to sent half a ton of coal for every colonist. The ones born on
         | the Moon too.
        
           | Filligree wrote:
           | How hard would it be to find and de-orbit a carbonaceous
           | asteroid or two?
        
       | iwontberude wrote:
       | I thought Musk said some time back that SpaceX was sending people
       | to Mars next year. How did they not already know this?
        
         | vardump wrote:
         | I think he said an unmanned mission in two years and humans in
         | 4 or 6 years.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | And you have to at least double any Musk time estimate.
        
             | KMag wrote:
             | Vastly under-estimating the magnitude of the task is how
             | the crazy things get done.
             | 
             | Christopher Columbus wasn't unique in believing the world
             | was round, he was rather unique in his vast under-
             | estimation of the distance to Asia. The only reason he
             | survived is dumb luck that the Americas were about where he
             | thought Asia was. All of his doubters were correct that he
             | would die before reaching Asia.
             | 
             | Of course, this way, way far down the list of reasons not
             | to take Christopher Columbus as a role model.
        
         | nothrowaways wrote:
         | Truth doesn't matter to him as long as it brings hype.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | "Next year" in Musk years means they have at least 6 years to
         | get it right.
         | 
         | Snark aside, SpaceX may be thinking of MREs instead of growing
         | food.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | 5 unmanned mission in the 2026 launch window, manned mission to
         | follow in 2028 if the unmanned are successful is the most
         | recent statement (though some reports garbled that into all 6
         | happening by 2026.)
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | I'm not saying 5 successful unmanned missions are impossible
           | in 2 years, but I think Elon may have slightly underestimated
           | the difficulty of the task. There is a lot of stuff left to
           | develop still and very little time to do it.
           | 
           | Elon is not great at estimating how long tasks will take. He
           | originally promised that full self driving would be complete
           | by 2018.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | Note that its not so much five in two years as five in a
             | narrow window that opens in two years; they'd be near-
             | simultaneous missions, on whose success would depend the
             | manned mission when the subsequent launch window opened.
             | 
             | But, yeah, Musk timelines are not something I would put a
             | lot of faith in.
        
         | sedatk wrote:
         | You can choose any year from the calendar, and there would be a
         | Musk statement that says we'd be on Mars that year.
        
         | pbreit wrote:
         | Maybe he did, but not recently.
         | 
         | He posted this several days ago:
         | https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1837908705683059166
        
           | bena wrote:
           | He also baked in an out for himself. Now, if Kamala Harris
           | wins the Presidency, he can say that she prevented from
           | totally doing the thing he said he was going to do.
        
         | dom96 wrote:
         | You might as well ask a fortune teller instead of listening to
         | what Musk has said
        
       | rocky1138 wrote:
       | How much energy would be required to provide a localized
       | magnetosphere to protect the garden from cosmic rays?
        
         | Lerc wrote:
         | How tolerant are plants to cosmic rays?
        
           | rocky1138 wrote:
           | This is what the test covered in the article is set to
           | discover.
        
         | pbreit wrote:
         | Seems like solar could easily supply?
        
           | labster wrote:
           | Easily, assuming you have solar panels that could survive the
           | temperatures of the lunar night.
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | You don't absolutely need to put your base somewhere it'll
             | have a night. There's a large mountain chain on Moon's
             | south pole that's in constant sunlight.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Plants grow in radioactive soil around Chernobyl just fine
         | though.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | When people think of radiation protection, they think of the
         | magnetosphere. But they really need to be thinking of the
         | atmosphere. There's a reason traveling on a plane gets you a
         | higher dose of radiation and it's not a weaker magnetosphere.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | There will never, ever be such atmosphere on Moon as its on
           | Earth. Too low gravity for example, solar winds would scrub
           | it pretty fast even if you would somehow create it 100% with
           | a snap of fingers.
           | 
           | Its nice dreaming about options but this aint realistic.
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | Cover your garden with a few dozen meters of rock. In fact,
             | build your base in a cave.
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | All we need is a bunch of potatoes, but don't figure to have a
       | healthy stock of ketchup on board.
        
         | squidgedcricket wrote:
         | Potatoes aren't enough by themselves, you need dairy to hit all
         | the nutritional requirements.
        
           | Ma8ee wrote:
           | Why do you think so?
        
             | staplers wrote:
             | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/potato-butter-diet/
             | 
             | Could keep you alive _long enough_ but eventually you 'd
             | want some other nutrients.
        
               | Ma8ee wrote:
               | Maybe there's a joke here that I'm not aware of, but my
               | question was mostly why they think dairy is necessary. I
               | do believe that potatoes isn't enough, but you don't need
               | dairy products.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | you still haven't properly implemented nachos.
        
       | ofirg wrote:
       | Is the radiation not similar to the one you get in space? seems
       | like that would be a cheaper place to test the effects of
       | radiation.
        
         | Narishma wrote:
         | They're also testing the effects of reduced gravity.
        
         | joemi wrote:
         | from the article:
         | 
         | > Growing plants on the ISS is a complex business, and
         | Porterfield says a chief concern is that plant roots depend on
         | gravity to draw water.
         | 
         | So while the radiation might be similar (I'm not sure), other
         | variables are different.
        
           | cogogo wrote:
           | I'm sure they have considered this and/or doing it already
           | but you'd only need a small centrifuge to simulate gravity
           | for an experiment.
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | A small centrifuge won't work; you get a strong coriolis
             | effect. A large centrifuge could, but the ISS doesn't have
             | one of those. It would need to be huge to be absolutely
             | sure your data is accurate.
        
       | pbreit wrote:
       | Could SpaceX make a Starlink that revolves around the moon and
       | could transmit imagery back to Earth?
        
         | bgnn wrote:
         | What you are describing is a satellite.
        
           | seanhunter wrote:
           | ...and there have been a few satellites in lunar orbit, and
           | even a private/commercial orbiter (capstone) recently
           | https://www.advancedspace.com/missions/capstone/
        
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