[HN Gopher] Octopuses seen hunting together with fish, punching ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Octopuses seen hunting together with fish, punching those that
       don't cooperate
        
       Author : ceejayoz
       Score  : 281 points
       Date   : 2024-09-23 20:03 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nbcnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nbcnews.com)
        
       | e40 wrote:
       | > Video shows octopuses punching their companion fish to keep
       | them on task and contributing to the hunt.
       | 
       | What a wonderful combination of words.
        
         | imp0cat wrote:
         | I can already see the motivation posters in a performace-
         | oriented companies: "Be the octopus in your team!"
        
       | sparrish wrote:
       | Seems like they're reading a lot into why the Octopus is punching
       | those fish that are just hanging around them.
        
         | krunck wrote:
         | They're just flexin' for the cameras.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | I agree, and one thing that makes me skeptical is that for it
         | to be effective, the fish being punched would presumably have
         | to understand that the octopus wants it to act in a certain way
         | - i.e., the hypothesis seems to imply that the fish has a
         | theory of mind with respect to the octopus. Similarly, it seems
         | to imply that the octopus has a theory of mind about the fish -
         | it believes that the fish will understand why the octopus is
         | punching it.
         | 
         | I'm not saying that this is impossible, but it is a very big
         | claim. Furthermore, it is not clear from the video that the
         | punching has the outcome implied by this hypothesis. It seems
         | at least as plausible, at least from the video alone, that the
         | octopus is just keeping the fish away from stealing an
         | anticipated meal.
        
           | diego_sandoval wrote:
           | Theory of mind is not necessary for the fish. I think
           | conditioning should be enough, and conditioning works on
           | pigeons.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | Fair point.
             | 
             | On looking at it again, I think the reporter and/or editor
             | have introduced unnecessarily teleological language. The
             | researchers themselves describe the octopus behavior as
             | though it is a matter of herding the fish - presumably, I
             | suppose, to where it feels there are more prey to be found.
        
           | bbqfog wrote:
           | Could it not be like dogs herding sheep?
        
       | satvikpendem wrote:
       | Octopuses are much more intelligent than many give them credit
       | for, but sadly I also love takoyaki (but then again, eating horse
       | and whale is also culturally acceptable in Japan, one of the few
       | countries that allow it; I've tried both as well, they're pretty
       | good).
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Horse meat is really good. Not sure why we still forbid it in
         | the United States considering how we eat plenty of cows and
         | horseback riding is more or less a hobby now.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | It's taboo like eating dog. I don't even know that's it
           | illegal
        
             | devilbunny wrote:
             | Not in all states (it is illegal in some), but there's no
             | mechanism for USDA inspection of the horse, which means you
             | can't sell it.
             | 
             | If you slaughtered and ate your own horse, it would
             | probably be legal (and, at personal scale, probably would
             | not be noticed even if it were not). But ask a lawyer.
        
           | seabass-labrax wrote:
           | I'm intrigued by your statement "horseback riding is more or
           | less a hobby now". Are you implying that a ban on horse meat
           | in the USA was originally intended to ensure an adequate
           | supply of riding horses during the time when they were still
           | widely used? All of the breeds that Wikipedia lists as bred
           | for consumption are related to draught horses rather than
           | riding horses, although for that matter the list doesn't
           | include any American breeds at all.
        
             | mewse-hn wrote:
             | I think it's a fair assumption that the taboo against
             | eating horse-meat is related to using horses for transport.
             | Historically, armies wouldn't eat their horses unless they
             | were in an extremely dire situation, etc.
        
         | dudefeliciano wrote:
         | horse meat is allowed in plenty of countries, in northeast
         | italy you can find a lot of horse (and donkey) meat dishes. It
         | is a delicacy though, and more expensive than "regular" meat.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | Also pretty common in Sicily.
        
           | Moru wrote:
           | We do see a lot of horses standing around on the acres lately
           | but this is pets. They get medicin as all other pets and are
           | not safe to eat for humans. The horse meat we eat is
           | especially bred to be eaten.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Not sure about today but when I was a kid horse meat was in
           | every grocery store in France.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Most European countries do have horse meat.
        
           | s_dev wrote:
           | There have been corruption scandals where a portion of beef
           | being sold in the EU was partially horse meat (nearly always
           | minced or packaged foods) would be difficult to do with a
           | steak or at least much more difficult. So people may be
           | inadvertently eating small amounts of horse without knowing.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Except Tesco lasagna.
        
           | drcongo wrote:
           | I've had horse in France and Belgium, it's not bad, though
           | not as good as reindeer which I had in Finland (of course).
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Reindeer is also available in other places, a bit further
             | south :)
        
         | willyt wrote:
         | I think you can even eat raw horse meat in France.
         | 
         | https://www.vice.com/en/article/inside-frances-fading-love-a...
        
           | bbqfog wrote:
           | I believe it's typically eaten raw in Japan too.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | nothing personal against you, but it's funny that as a species
         | we see "interesting fact about an animal" and we're like "hey,
         | I eat that!"
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | This article quotes a post-doc researcher:
         | 
         | "In terms of sentience, they are at a very close level or
         | closer than we think toward us."
         | 
         | That's different than intelligence though, right? Or are they
         | two sides of the same coin? Can you have a very intelligent but
         | low sentience or stupid but high sentience animal?
        
       | davidashe wrote:
       | So? I can punch a fish too.
       | 
       | Call me when they're hyping a product they know is trash - then
       | we'll know they're at human intelligence.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | So are Octopuses really intelligent if they are in management?
        
         | ActionHank wrote:
         | and is punching an effective management tool?
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | For the octopus it is. Of course, they have many more arms to
           | punch with so this might not translate well to management of
           | humans.
        
             | blipvert wrote:
             | Eight direct reports.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Could humans get up to four reports if we learn how to
               | efficiently kick as well as punch? :thinking_face:
        
           | jejeyyy77 wrote:
           | my boss seems to think so.
        
           | charlieo88 wrote:
           | ...and buried in this discussion of octopus management
           | technique, we find the TRUE reason behind the wave of return
           | to office requirements
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | Even if they are intelligent, they are spineless opportunistic
         | predators who will squeeze their way into anything. Just like
         | octopuses.
        
       | noelwelsh wrote:
       | Literally a sucker punch. It doesn't seem like true cooperation
       | as they don't share in the catch. I also didn't see any
       | measurements of how much they caught versus hunting alone.
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | In the NPR article on it, the researcher says it is most likely
         | beneficial for the fish because the octopus can pull prey out
         | of crevices that the fish can't usually reach, so there is more
         | food than either would have alone.
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | The article doesn't say that the octopus shares the catch
           | though. Maybe the fish don't benefit.
        
       | Qem wrote:
       | This reminds me of that Triassic Kraken hypothesis:
       | https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013AM/webprogram/Handout/Paper23...
        
       | jpm_sd wrote:
       | I can't wait for OctoPunch, the turn-based combat video game! You
       | play as the octopus, of course, and build your party from a
       | selection of fishy characters, each with their own personality
       | and special hunting skills.
        
         | excalibur wrote:
         | I feel like I've played that game before.
         | 
         | https://splatoon.nintendo.com/
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I used to love eating octopus, but since I've learned so much
       | about their intelligence, I have not been able to bring myself to
       | do so, anymore.
       | 
       | I have the luxury of choice. There are many, in this world, that
       | do not.
        
         | hagbard_c wrote:
         | They only live for 3 years or so, just eat them when they're
         | close to kicking the bucket.
         | 
         | This short lifetime combined with their intelligence does raise
         | the question how far an octopus could get if it were able to
         | reach our age. Would they continue learning and adapting,
         | leading to a race of superintelligent molluscs or would they
         | plateau in their first year and just coast along?
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Anyone who likes the sound of that should check out Adrian
           | Tchaikovksy's Children of Time trilogy, particularly the
           | second one.
        
           | HelloMcFly wrote:
           | Typically octopuses produce offspring only near the end of
           | their life, so eating them at any point is destructive for
           | their reproduction and species health.
        
             | hagbard_c wrote:
             | Eat them after they reproduced then, they only do that once
             | in their life.
        
               | mellavora wrote:
               | except the mother has to care for her eggs until they
               | hatch. So I guess we'd be fine only eating the males...
        
               | HelloMcFly wrote:
               | They typically die after reproducing. Mothers use their
               | remaining energy to help their offspring survive, fathers
               | sometimes do but not all - if you could _somehow_ capture
               | only post-mating male octopuses from species that don 't
               | sacrifice themselves for their offspring then sure, but
               | that seems like an unrealistic expectation.
        
               | UncleOxidant wrote:
               | I suspect that would not be good eat'n. Female ocotopuses
               | that have laid their eggs start to fall apart - you can
               | see the skin peeling off of them. The females stay with
               | the eggs until about when they're ready to hatch and then
               | they just sort of go to pieces. The males, I suspect,
               | suffer a similar fate after they've mated.
        
         | kaxllca wrote:
         | A female octopus will try to eat the male octopus, so the
         | intelligence is not at empathy or morality levels.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Empathy/morality isn't necessarily a requirement for
           | intelligence, nor are the definitions of either easy to nail
           | down.
        
           | webkike wrote:
           | Okay, but maybe they deserve it? Hard for me to tell since
           | I'm not an octopus
        
             | drooby wrote:
             | The males die shortly after mating.. it's hypothesized that
             | the males may even offer their body as nutrition...as a way
             | to maximize their offspring's success.
             | 
             | So this adds another layer of wtf.
             | 
             | Doesn't really help moralize human behavior though.
        
               | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
               | Naybe a way for sustainable farming?
               | 
               | Breed octopuses, take the dead males who succesfully
               | bred, and offer their meat with zero harm to the animal.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | are you sure? maybe they feel really bad about it after
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | To be fair, it's not at the empathy or morality levels of
           | humans that a lot of people consider "smart", either.
           | 
           | As for the female octopus trying to eat the male octopus, did
           | I ever tell ya the one about my ex wife? Huh? Huh? _crickets_
        
             | kadgh wrote:
             | Excellent point, but a truly intelligent octopus species
             | would set up a parliament and make laws that the male
             | octopus must provide 10 fish per week to the female after
             | mating instead of cannibalism.
        
               | bmelton wrote:
               | Or perhaps the octopus regard us as under-evolved for
               | having done similar
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I was reading a fairly forgettable SF series, where one of
           | the alien species is this giant centipede, that switches
           | between "cooperative," mode, and "competitive" mode.
           | 
           | When "cooperative," they are your best buddy.
           | 
           | When "competitive," you are fresh meat.
           | 
           | And you can't tell when they switch.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | The Oatmeal talks about the male Angler fish:
           | https://theoatmeal.com/comics/angler
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | It is hard to extend morality between species. The idea of
           | parents sacrificing themselves for their children seems to
           | resonate as highly moral, and is also a common pattern in
           | biology.
           | 
           | But how it plays out, from humans where the male can provide
           | more by continuing to live and "hunt/protect/teach"-- but at
           | the risk that the "hunt/protect" might end his life, to
           | spiders where (some species) the male gives his body to
           | provide nutrition for the child,
           | 
           | well, who am I to say which is more moral?
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | Oh man, wait till you hear what humans do to each other.
        
         | doctorhandshake wrote:
         | Same here
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | Consider the intelligence of pigs as well. Even if cows, sheep,
         | deer, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, et al. all sit below the "I
         | don't want to eat you" cutoff point, pigs should probably be
         | above it.
        
           | jdhzzz wrote:
           | Not doing that is why future generations will loathe me and
           | my generation.
        
             | squigz wrote:
             | If you're referring to not choosing to eat meat, I sort of
             | doubt future generations will 'loathe' you - just as I
             | don't 'loathe' members of previous generations who did
             | things we've since learned better about.
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | Yeah, generally when you see historical figures talked
               | about like that it's people who were standout bad and
               | criticized even in their own times, like Christopher
               | Columbus.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | I've been able to give up eating cephalopods, but pigs are
           | too delicious to give up.
        
             | ep103 wrote:
             | I try to eat meat to minimize the formula of:
             | 
             | cruelty_cow = IntModifier * Animal_Intelligence
             | /(AmountOfProvidedMeat/Deaths) *
             | FrequencyOfEatingThisAnimal
             | 
             | Solve for:
             | 
             | Min (cruelty_cow + cruelty_pig + cruelty_octopus + ...)
             | 
             | Where AmountOfProvidedMeat > NeededMeatForHealthyDiet
             | 
             | And Cost * AmountOfProvidedMeat < Food_Budget
             | 
             | I've generally found that maximizing on Fish, Chicken, and
             | Cow (in that order) seems to be the best bet. I tend not to
             | touch veal, lamb, or octopus.
        
               | baggy_trough wrote:
               | A single walrus eats 4500 clams a day so let's hope they
               | are low on pain awareness.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | One thing to consider about veal is that it's an
               | unavoidable byproduct of the dairy industry. Veal calves
               | do not need to be mistreated to become veal, but the
               | plain fact is that they are also not going to be kept
               | alive either. A male cattle that is not a breeding bull
               | has no economic value until its corpse is processed,
               | barring entertainment uses like rodeo.
               | 
               | If you refuse to eat even humane veal (free to roam and
               | milk-fed), then IMO you should refuse dairy entirely.
               | 
               | It might also be worth considering that the entire
               | concept of humane dairy is questionable. It depends on
               | separating mothers from calves, and either eating the
               | latter or weaning them at far too young an age, or both.
               | Cows are dumb, but they're not _that_ dumb, and more
               | importantly they are prey mammals with strong  "familial"
               | instincts. The process is fundamentally at least somewhat
               | cruel.
        
               | Tijdreiziger wrote:
               | Modulo some planning and adjusting of recipes, meat is
               | unnecessary for a healthy diet, and a vegan diet tends
               | towards 0 cruelty.
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | It all depends on the definition of a healthy diet. I
               | have type II diabetes, and I eat low-carb as much as
               | reasonably possible. A friend with A-fib and gets the
               | best results from the low-fat vegan diet. I have a friend
               | whose partner accumulates iron in her blood, so she does
               | best with a vegetarian diet. If you have kidney disease,
               | you need a diet with specific types of protein and a
               | bioavailability level that you can't entirely get from
               | plants.
               | 
               | The human body is an amazing thing that is simultaneously
               | a fucking pain in the ass. There is no "one truth" for
               | food.
        
           | rickydroll wrote:
           | I decided on pigs as the smart threshold because they were as
           | smart as my dogs, and I would never eat my dog. Mutton, lamb,
           | or chicken is no problem whatsoever. You grab them by the
           | neck, stare deep into their eyes, and you will see the back
           | of their skull.
        
             | GrantMoyer wrote:
             | I feel that way about some people.
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | My wife is grossed out if I eat anything other than chicken
             | or fish. She says that cow, goat, and pig feel too
             | "present" to eat.
             | 
             | I begrudgingly agree.
        
         | tessierashpool9 wrote:
         | just because something is intelligent is no reason not to eat
         | it imho
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | This is an honest question, I'm not making a joke.
           | 
           | Why shouldn't we eat _you_ then?
        
             | tessierashpool9 wrote:
             | while i do keep in shape and i'd certainly make for a juicy
             | steak or filet, i doubt this culinary experience is worth
             | ten years to life in prison.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Ok, one step up then, why should it be illegal?
        
               | tessierashpool9 wrote:
               | i find your questions a little funny as i had this sort
               | of conversation already dozens of times and i know where
               | this is coming from and where it's going. i mean i've
               | been a vegetarian myself for more than a decade (am not
               | anymore) and i took pleasure in leading people who
               | initiated discussions around it ad absurdum.
               | 
               | in germany there was a case of cannibalism many years ago
               | where a guy known by the name Armin Meiwes slaughtered
               | and ate another guy called Bernd-Jurgen Armando Brandes.
               | never got the panic around it given that the whole deal
               | was consensual. other than that you know yourself that
               | society comes up with rules to ensure its stability and
               | survival. eating each other wouldn't fly well from that
               | perspective.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | You could restate the golden rule as "treat others
               | sufficiently like myself the way I'd like to be treated",
               | not so long ago this wasn't applied to other humans who
               | didn't look the same, but now it just seems reasonable to
               | expand who the golden rule applies to beyond just species
               | into... beings within a certain threshold of human
               | intelligence. It is somewhat of a fundamental of
               | morality, beings which are sufficiently intelligence
               | deserve the same rights as I want for myself.
               | 
               | If you remove intelligence (or something quite similar)
               | as the criteria, what do you have instead?
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | It is not. It's illegal to kill the OP though.
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | The main reason for humans not eating one another is in-
             | species nepotism, I believe. It's not very principled, but
             | probably closest to the truth.
             | 
             | There is also don't mess with the effectively most powerful
             | species on the planet whose members have collectively
             | decided that (for _somewhat_ principled reasons) none of
             | them should be eaten.
        
               | aeonik wrote:
               | Disease is actually the main reason.
               | 
               | Any parasite, bacteria, virus, and especially prions
               | spread much much more easily the closer the food is to
               | your own biology.
               | 
               | Cannibalistic tribes have had issues with this in even
               | the recent past.
        
             | mock-possum wrote:
             | prion disease _shudders_
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | Cannibalism is rare even among animals. That's probably why
             | people don't eat other people. Otherwise, saying we can't
             | eat animals because they are smart is dangerous. Some
             | humans are not smart...
        
             | qup wrote:
             | Things will eat me, if I let them.
        
           | energy123 wrote:
           | Eating a carcass isn't a problem, throwing it into boiling
           | water while it's still alive or clubbing it to death is the
           | objectionable thing.
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | I doubt there are many people in the world whose diets rely on
         | eating octopuses. You'd need either an environment that had
         | octopuses in abundance despite having little of everything
         | else, or a selective method of fishing that primarily caught
         | octopuses.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > I doubt there are many people in the world whose diets rely
           | on eating octopuses
           | 
           | Probably right (about the relying part), but eating octopuses
           | is fairly common around the Mediterranean, at least the West
           | side of it. Most restaurants have at least one item on the
           | menu involving octopuses in some form or shape./
        
           | folmar wrote:
           | Octopuses are usually specifically fished [Cephalopods.
           | Ecology and Fisheries, Peter Boyle, Paul Rodhouse. Chapter
           | 16].
        
         | rimeice wrote:
         | I know enough people who have made this exact same choice
         | (myself included) for this to have its own name. Octoparian?
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | You should try Polvo a Lagareiro or Pulpo a la Gallega, life is
         | too short to not eat good food.
        
           | marliechiller wrote:
           | You should try eating young children, life is too short to
           | not eat good food. That's what that sounds like to someone
           | that opts not to eat something on the basis of its
           | intelligence
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | well, except for the switch to cannibalism.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | There are a lot of second order benefits to eating irish
             | children, I think most would consider such a proposal
             | modest.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | If my parents and everyone around me for thousands of years
             | ate young children and they all told me it was legal and
             | tasty and good for you, I probably would. But since it's
             | not it'd seem you're making a false equivalency from the
             | top of your horse.
        
           | inkcapmushroom wrote:
           | They already said they used to love eating octopus. You reply
           | they should try eating octopus because it's tasty. They
           | already tried it before and decided to give it up for reasons
           | beyond how it tastes.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | Yeah but in case they didn't try the best dishes they might
             | not know the extent of what they are missing.
        
       | neerajk wrote:
       | aside: me after reading the headline: Shouldn't that be Octopii?
       | 
       | But no! "The plural form _octopii is doubly incorrect. Firstly,
       | octopus derives from Greek, not Latin; its etymologically-
       | consistent plural form is octopodes. Secondly, even if octopus
       | were a second-declension Latin noun, the plural form would be_
       | octopi; in the correct plurals radii and gladii, with which
       | _octopii is analogous, the first 'i's are part of the words'
       | stems (radi- and gladi-), and not their case endings -- for_
       | octopii to be the plural, *octopius would need to be the
       | singular."
       | 
       | Thanks wikipedia.
       | 
       | TIL!
        
         | fffrantz wrote:
         | Thought exactly the same!
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I wonder why it is that "octopuses" just kind of sounds wrong?
         | 
         | Is it the repeated "s" at the end? But we have no problem
         | saying "buses" or "rebuses".
         | 
         | Is it something to do with the plural of "fish" just being
         | "fish"? But we have no problem making whales and dolphins
         | plural with an -s.
         | 
         | Is it that "-puses" sounds slightly vulgar, like we're talking
         | about multiple female genitalia?
         | 
         | I genuinely don't know. All I know is that "octopuses" just
         | sounds wrong for some reason I can't put my finger on. And that
         | "octopii" somehow "feels" much better, even if everything about
         | it is logically wrong.
         | 
         | I'll still say "octopuses", but I know I always _want_ to say
         | "octopii" instead. (And spell it that way too, because "octopi"
         | feels like it would rhyme with "canopy".)
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > I wonder why it is that "octopuses" just kind of sounds
           | wrong?
           | 
           | Because of the english words with taboo meanings that
           | coincidentally share the phonetic structure p-s-
        
           | afiori wrote:
           | The plural of fish is fish, but the plural of type of fish is
           | fishes
        
           | bmacho wrote:
           | > I wonder why it is that "octopuses" just kind of sounds
           | wrong?
           | 
           | There are some Latin words ending -us in English, that keep
           | their Latin plurals. For octopuses, both plurals are common
           | and acceptable.
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | > I'll still say "octopuses", but I know I always want to say
           | "octopii" instead. (And spell it that way too, because
           | "octopi" feels like it would rhyme with "canopy".)
           | 
           | There's a restaurant near here called Octapas.
        
           | banannaise wrote:
           | Because it turns it into a four-syllable word with three
           | consecutive unstressed syllables. It has bad meter and ruins
           | the meter of almost any sentence constructed around it.
        
             | alwa wrote:
             | I hadn't thought about that, but that explanation suits me
             | as to why "octopuses" comes off... I don't know, muddy?...
             | while the 1983 James Bond film named for the vulgar pun
             | rolls off the tongue, even though they use virtually the
             | same phonemes: it's that the latter emphasizes the third
             | syllable, making it metrical again.
             | 
             | Thank you for a nifty insight, whose effects I'd noticed
             | but whose mechanism had never occurred to me before today!
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | In that case I say we go with oc-TO-pusses (as in
             | photograph vs. photography).
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | But "teleporters" or "marathoners" or tons of other words
             | follow the same pattern of stress and sound fine.
             | "Photocopiers" extends it to four unstressed syllables and
             | sounds fine.
        
               | banannaise wrote:
               | We treat words like they have a single stressed syllable
               | and everything else is unstressed, and that's a useful
               | abstraction sometimes, but that's not actually true.
               | "Photocopiers" has primary stress on the first syllable
               | but secondary on the third - _PHO_ -to-CO-pi-ers. The
               | same goes for "teleporters" and "marathoners".
               | 
               | But that also goes for "octopuses", so what gives? Seems
               | like there's something else going on that my brain hasn't
               | accounted for yet. It's probably that the plosives (stop
               | consonants) are hugely unbalanced, with all of them
               | coming in the first half of the word. Plosives, as the
               | word implies, can add quite a bit of _oomph_ to a word,
               | even if they aren 't reflected in the stress pattern. So
               | "octopuses" seems to just peter out halfway through the
               | word.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | All of these words have informal 3rd syllable stress so
               | work fine.
        
           | StrictDabbler wrote:
           | The pronunciation of the word is already on the boundaries
           | between "awk-toe-poos", "awk-tuh-puhs", and "awk-tah-piss"
           | depending on your region just in America.
           | 
           | So adding an additional "-es" that can be "-ehhs" or "-iz"
           | gives at least six possible pronunciations.
        
         | gpderetta wrote:
         | Incidentally, if, as per etymology, we consider the tentacles
         | as feet, then the headline is wrong as the Octopodes are
         | technically kicking the fishes.
        
           | declan_roberts wrote:
           | This whole thing is built on lies!
        
           | johnnyjeans wrote:
           | Technically speaking, Octopuses don't have tentacles at all.
           | Those are arms. The morphology of "Octopus" is actually a
           | really great example case for demonstrating paraconsistent
           | logic.
        
             | Gravityloss wrote:
             | Hmm so the name must be corrected to be 8-armed in Greek.
             | Oktobratso? Oktooplizo? Oktocheiro?
        
             | gpderetta wrote:
             | It goes deeper than that! According to wikipedia, the
             | tentacles, or appendages, are indeed called "arms", but
             | they evolved from what in other molluscs is called a
             | "foot"!
        
               | cacois wrote:
               | It's a house of cards, people!
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | yes, something is ... afoot.
        
               | kaiken1987 wrote:
               | Deeper still, one of those arms on males contains their
               | sexual organs call the hectocotylus.
        
         | Aardwolf wrote:
         | So the plural of virus, if it wouldn't have been viruses, would
         | be viri, not virii? I think for octopus I'd have intuitively
         | thought octopi, but for virus I'd have thought virii.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | It is in fact "viri".
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | Virus actually is a latin word, but the plural is vira.
           | 
           | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virus#Latin
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | The plural of the Latin virus is vira (second declension etc
           | etc). However viri means "men"
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | But more generally, enough generations have passed that
         | "octopus" is no longer a foreign word, it's now just part of
         | the English lexicon, and so you're free to pluralize it in the
         | standard English manner. "Octopuses" is correct by that
         | reasoning.
         | 
         | Note that this is the same process that we eventually apply to
         | every other loanword; next time you talk to a German, watch
         | them cringe at "delicatessens" as the plural to "delicatessen".
        
           | carlmr wrote:
           | Delicatessen itself is a French loanword (delicatesse) in
           | German that's wrongly pluralized, it should be delicatesses
           | not delicatessen.
           | 
           | So it's like doubly wrong.
        
             | shmeeed wrote:
             | I'm waiting for myself to one day muster the courage to
             | order "dos expressis" at a restaurant in Italy. But I fear
             | the repercussions.
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | https://imgur.com/8pQYSUd
        
               | amatic wrote:
               | Every time you order an "expresso", an Italian falls off
               | a vespa.
        
             | 725686 wrote:
             | Touche!
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | But according to Wikipedia, the French delicatesse is an
             | Italian loanword (delicatezza)...
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | It's loan words all the way down. We just don't have
               | enough info about prehistory to complete the chain all
               | the way back to local variants of caveman speak.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | Cavemen would really hate our quintuple pluralization.
        
         | cyberpunk wrote:
         | I'm sure I read a sci-fi novel some years back where one of the
         | main characters selectively breeds octopuses for intelligence
         | before dropping them on a terraformed planet and there was a
         | small bit about how he didn't like octopuses either and so
         | called them octopii.
         | 
         | I'm in his boat ;)
         | 
         | fun book, forgot the name.
        
           | dougfulop wrote:
           | Children of Time!
        
           | yayitswei wrote:
           | Could it be "Children of Time" by Adrian Tchaikovsky?
           | 
           | (ht Claude)
        
             | jayGlow wrote:
             | it sounds more like the sequel "children of ruin" children
             | of time primarily involves spiders.
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | > Could it be "Children of Time" by Adrian Tchaikovsky?
             | 
             | Currently reading that one and there is no octopuses (only
             | read half so far though) but a lot of spiders, ants and
             | space-faring primates :)
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Right. They are talking about the sequel, _Children of
               | Ruin_.
        
           | user982 wrote:
           | Children of _Ruin_.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | But not as cool as "Whales on Stilts"
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | Yes, but always remember the plural of applepus is apple pie
        
         | banannaise wrote:
         | While I'm all for a history lesson (and the double-I octopii is
         | indeed simply incorrect) I take issue with anyone insisting
         | that "octopi" is wrong:
         | 
         | 1. Language is neither static nor a series of rules to be
         | blindly followed. The way a word was pluralized 1400 years ago
         | has limited relevance today.
         | 
         | 2. As noted just about everywhere, "octopodes" looks insane in
         | any modern English sentence because we don't pluralize any
         | other word that way. It also moves the emphasis to the second
         | syllable. Thus it manages to make everybody's life harder for
         | no benefit, a favorite pastime of the sort of people who would
         | suggest this pluralization.
         | 
         | 3. "Octopuses" feels stilted, and while it is correct, I
         | thoroughly empathize with anyone uninterested in using a four-
         | syllable word with three consecutive unstressed syllables in a
         | sentence. Therefore it makes sense to create a shorter
         | pluralization, and we can do this by analogy to other English
         | words!
         | 
         | 3a. We are not speaking Latin. If "-us" to "-i" is a valid
         | pluralization of other English words, then it makes sense for
         | it to be a valid pluralization of this word. While this pattern
         | can be used irresponsibly ("bus" -> "bi"), using it for the
         | three-syllable "octopus" is non-destructive. It preserves the
         | structure (and the meter!) and thus makes a lot of sense.
         | 
         | 4. To come back to "double-I octopii is simply incorrect": It's
         | wrong because it's trying to be pedantic but uses the rules
         | wrong (as noted in the wikipedia reference above). If, in 700
         | years, I were still alive, English were still spoken, and some
         | band of idiots had managed to make "octopii" the most common
         | pluralization, then I would begrudgingly accept it per point 1
         | above, but until then, no.
        
           | iwontberude wrote:
           | 3. "Octopuses" sounds like what a child or English as Second
           | Language speaker would say. Not sure what is stilted about
           | being a novice to the language.
        
             | banannaise wrote:
             | And a child or ESL speaker will often use constructions
             | that sound stilted. I'm not sure what you're trying to say
             | here.
             | 
             | "Stilted" is a bit of a judgy word, but it's not a value
             | judgment of anyone else's intelligence. Some English speech
             | sounds stilted. So it goes. That's why I don't prefer that
             | pluralization in my own speech.
             | 
             | Lord knows I sound weird enough at times; I'm not here to
             | throw stones from glass houses.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | Octopuses sounds like a proper English pluralization, not
             | that nonsense about sticking other languages' grammar rules
             | into English.
        
           | saberience wrote:
           | The best plural is simply keeping the word the same as the
           | singular. I.e. "octopus". There are many animals using this
           | form, e.g. fish, deer, elk, salmon, buffalo.
           | 
           | E.g. Look at all those octopus.
           | 
           | All the divers I know say it this way, easy to say,
           | understand, doesn't make you sound like an asshole.
        
             | joenot443 wrote:
             | This is what I would say.
             | 
             | It does beg the question though, how'd we come up with the
             | list of animals to pluralize like that? Why "five birds"
             | but not "five deers?"
        
               | philipov wrote:
               | It raises the question - begging the question is
               | something else.
               | 
               | As for the question, it probably has to do with the
               | gender of the noun. I bet 'deer' derives from a neuter-
               | gendered word in Anglo-Saxon, while 'bird' does not.
               | 
               | Noun gender is the system used by many languages to
               | categorize words that have different declension rules.
               | It's atrophied in English, but is implicitly still
               | present in the various "inconsistencies" that pop up.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I think it was done just to make it harder for those
               | languages that do not have a concept of plural. Of course
               | I'm kidding, but it has to be super frustrating trying to
               | learn it as ESL.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Note that those are animal we generally hunt/eat. I'd bet
               | this is tied to the language of the ruling/hunting
               | classes of England, back when they spoke French more than
               | English.
               | 
               | There are also some middle-ground words like "Shark". One
               | goes fishing for "shark" like they would "fish" but it is
               | more common to say "several sharks" using a plural as
               | opposed to "several fish" using the singular. But
               | "fishes" is still a word, which likely goes back to
               | ruling classes who ate fish but generally did not _hunt_
               | them as they would have deer.
        
               | banannaise wrote:
               | "Fishes" is a plural of a plural. You wouldn't likely say
               | "two fishes", but you might say "all the fishes in the
               | sea", referring to many groups of fish (much as you might
               | refer to the "peoples of the world" referring to many
               | cultures). Aside from that, I bet you're onto something.
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | That's hardly 'the best'. Recognizable plural is a useful
             | language feature.
        
           | philipov wrote:
           | > 2... It also moves the emphasis to the second syllable.
           | 
           | Octopods - 8 times better than regular pods.
        
             | c0brac0bra wrote:
             | I would prefer "octopoden"
        
           | Mystery-Machine wrote:
           | > Language is neither static nor a series of rules to be
           | blindly followed.
           | 
           | It's also not open to arbitrary subjective opinion. There are
           | rules, this is not 'Nam. :) Languages evolve, but you can't
           | just claim something is correct because you think so or you'd
           | love it to be so. It's incorrect in English language, today.
           | Maybe in the future, when more people start using the plural
           | "octopi", it will be correct.
           | 
           | Fun fact: Oxford dictionary changed the definition of
           | "literally" to also mean "figuratively". https://www.merriam-
           | webster.com/grammar/misuse-of-literally
        
             | banannaise wrote:
             | _> Maybe in the future, when more people start using the
             | plural  "octopi", it will be correct._
             | 
             | The future is now. "Octopi" is considered _the_ correct
             | plural by a significant plurality of US adults, and a
             | plurality of all age groups.
             | 
             | https://x.com/YouGovAmerica/status/1749131745893679173
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | > It's also not open to arbitrary subjective opinion. There
             | are rules
             | 
             | > Conversations follow rules of etiquette because
             | conversations are social interactions, and therefore depend
             | on social convention. Specific rules for conversation arise
             | from the cooperative principle. Failure to adhere to these
             | rules causes the conversation to deteriorate or eventually
             | to end. Contributions to a conversation are responses to
             | what has previously been said.
             | 
             | Both parties must agree on those rules. There is no mandate
             | that one must follow another's rules, in the initial
             | engagement. This is helpful to understand, in modern online
             | discourse. If someone doesn't want to play by some basic
             | rules, further engagement is likely futile and
             | unproductive.
        
           | card_zero wrote:
           | > 3a. We are not speaking Latin.
           | 
           | This is why I would prefer say _axises, basises, indexes,_
           | and _matrixes._ I mean as plurals of their respective
           | singulars, not as plurals of octopus.
        
           | goldfeld wrote:
           | But octopi is also trying to be pedantically latin, octopodes
           | though it could be pedantic is at least correct, and entirely
           | descriptive. In practice I wouldn't expect someone to say
           | octopi to my face, but writing weird words online is another
           | matter.
        
           | TrnsltLife wrote:
           | There's "antipodes" though.
        
             | jameshart wrote:
             | Which implies that while the whole of 'Australia and New
             | Zealand' can be referred to as 'the antipodes', Australia
             | or New Zealand alone should be called 'an antipus'.
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | "Antipous" has been used as a singular form of the word
               | in some 19th-century works [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antipous#English
        
           | VyseofArcadia wrote:
           | > As noted just about everywhere, "octopodes" looks insane in
           | any modern English sentence because we don't pluralize any
           | other word that way.
           | 
           | I'm guessing "platypodes" doesn't count.
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | This is a strange argument to make _against_ "octopuses".
           | Break from our history; use the English standard; we are not
           | speaking Latin ... therefore it should be _octopi_!? _What_?
           | How about this: it 's OK to use the traditional form if it's
           | still commonly understood, but otherwise let's try to use a
           | "standard English" form. Those are your choices: traditional
           | for the word, or standard. Since "octopodes" is awkward and
           | not really ever used, we say "octopuses". Why would you
           | convert to a false-traditional version?
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | Yes, but 'octopodes' is really neat, and definitely a [nerdy]
           | conversation starter.
        
           | Blikkentrekker wrote:
           | All my friends say "octopodes".
           | 
           | Some people on the internet keep saying that that's wrong; I
           | find that very strange.
           | 
           | > _because we don 't pluralize any other word that way._
           | 
           | Certainly we do "platypodes", "matrices", "irides",
           | "clitorides" and "vortices", are all quite common words.
        
         | sigzero wrote:
         | I am using octopodes from now on!
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | I think what you cited missed the spelling aberration, since
         | the -pus is a mistake, as it should have been -pous,-podes
         | (singular,plural, nominative). the word is just a chimera.
         | 
         | also, the reality is
         | 
         | #define octopi octopodes
         | 
         | #define octopuses octopodes
         | 
         | and so on is what's more or less going on...whereas in English
         | octopodes is a mouthful.
        
         | not_kurt_godel wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus#Etymology_and_pluralis...
        
       | mseepgood wrote:
       | "Partners"? "Companions"? More like slave drivers.
        
       | primer42 wrote:
       | I love imagining how the fish are almost an extension of the way
       | the octopuses think. Octopuses seem to have quite a bit of
       | independent cognition in each of their arms, which are wrangled
       | by the central brain. Now they're wrangling independent fish
       | brains instead of octopus arm brains. Incredible
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | >Octopuses seem to have quite a bit of independent cognition in
         | each of their arms, which are wrangled by the central brain.
         | 
         | Yes, that's inherent in the design. All grey matter (optimized
         | for local intercommunication), no white matter (optimized for
         | sending signals between regions).
         | 
         | Each arm has its own ganglion ("CPU") and the central unit
         | struggles to keep up with these and keep them coordinated.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | living brains are not "CPUs"
        
             | Dansvidania wrote:
             | why not?
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | it's a metaphor, you sperg.
        
               | h0l0cube wrote:
               | Be mindful of the forum you're on, and yourself.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | They're SoCs.
        
         | setgree wrote:
         | You might enjoy 'Children of Ruin' by Adrian Tchaikovsky, which
         | explores this idea in depth with a civilization of genetically
         | modified, super-intelligent octopuses. (Though I'd start with
         | the first book in the series, 'Children of Time')
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Also featuring geneticaly modified super-intelligent
           | octopuses, is "Manifold: Time" by Stephen Baxter.
        
           | zbirkenbuel wrote:
           | A solid series, with descriptions of thought process feeling
           | truly alien. I'm currently enjoying "The Mountain in the Sea"
           | by Ray Nayler for more octopus based speculative fiction
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | I'd like to be under the sea in an octopus's garden in the shade.
        
       | sharpshadow wrote:
       | The fish are able to gather food from the sand which the octopus
       | moves. It happend to me too in the ocean where fish around my
       | feet followed along the spots in the sand I touched. Therefore I
       | was hunting together with fish!?
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | Yes, you just aren't as good at it as the octopus. Maybe if you
         | practiced more?
        
           | shawn_w wrote:
           | Maybe if he punched the fish...
        
       | bbqfog wrote:
       | Very cool!
       | 
       | > _"I think sociality, or at least attention to social
       | information, is way more deep-rooted in the evolutionary tree
       | than we might think,"_
       | 
       | Maybe, or maybe the neural power required to move all of those
       | limbs is good enough at processing that they developed their own
       | sophisticated behavior.
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | Well, given the overwhelming emerging evidence of social
         | attention and behavior in plants, and given that it makes
         | evolutionary sense that "social attention" would provide a
         | fitness advantage in any environment where there are other
         | actors,
         | 
         | the only reason to doubt it would be an assumption that
         | "attention to social information" can only happen in creatures
         | with an complex central nervous systems. Which requires rather
         | constrained definitions of "attention", "social", and
         | "information"
         | 
         | ok, there is another reason to doubt it. inertia. We've been
         | taught/told that a complex CNS is what makes intelligence, and
         | it is hard to get away from that idea.
        
       | knighthack wrote:
       | Wait... so we have an octopus lording over fishy underlings?
       | Like... a mob boss?
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | given how the octopus uses camoflauge, operating on their
       | environment by using other fish as a distraction to their prey is
       | logical. punching the still predator fish to keep them moving
       | removes competition and keeps them moving as a part of the noise
       | distraction.
       | 
       | longevity research for cephalopods seems like it could be really
       | fruitful.
        
       | setgree wrote:
       | How much of a leap is it to say that octopuses have effectively
       | domesticated fish, the way early humans might have turned docile
       | wolves into hunting companions?
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | It depends on your definition of domestication. One could
         | easily argue that ants have domesticated aphids so I don't
         | think the concept depends on the intelligence of the
         | domesticator so much as the symbiotic relationship between
         | species.
         | 
         | However the usual definition of domestication is specific to
         | humans. The aforementioned aphid farming and the octopodes in
         | TFA are technically in mutualistic relationships.
        
           | setgree wrote:
           | I don't think there is scholarly consensus on whether ant
           | behavior can/should be considered domestication, but, per
           | [0]:
           | 
           | > The best-studied insect-associated domestication is that of
           | the attine ants...and the majority cultivate parasol
           | mushrooms in the Leucocoprineae [58]. The ants plant sessile
           | fungal cultivars, manage growth conditions by regulating
           | temperature and moisture and fertilizing the fungal gardens,
           | protect their crop from other herbivores, parasites, and
           | disease, and harvest the cultivated fungi for food [4,58].
           | This coevolved domestication system has turned ants into
           | obligate fungivores, as experimental removal of the fungal
           | crop results in reduced reproduction and increased mortality
           | among ants [58]. For the fungi, the ants increase their
           | fitness relative to the free-living state by increasing their
           | proportion across generations, providing for geographic
           | dispersal and protecting the fungi against parasites and
           | pathogens [58]. In the higher attine ants, the fungal
           | cultivars are obligate mutualists and cannot grow in a free-
           | living state [58]. It should be noted that fungi may not be
           | the only ant domesticates; some ants tend to hemipteran
           | insects like aphids and treehoppers in a system reminiscent
           | of human animal husbandry [4,10].
           | 
           | I would call this domestication, full stop.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-
           | evolution/fulltext/S0169...
        
       | rsingel wrote:
       | I'm just slightly disturbed that someone thinks a rich social
       | life is defined by punching your co-workers
        
         | Tool_of_Society wrote:
         | I feel like my life would of been enriched a few times had that
         | been a viable legal option to pursue :P
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Disneyfication of octopuses. In that video you'll see, exactly
       | anything that you want to see.
       | 
       | Would justify perfectly an: "in the video the octopus is seen
       | trying to avoid being stolen its food by all the other fishes",
       | that is the same behavior that you'll see if you break a crab or
       | an urchin underwater. Many coastal fishes from rocky bottoms will
       | come to steal any food scrap available. They don't cooperate with
       | other fishes on any way.
       | 
       | Or maybe they are playing "rock, paper, tentacle", but to me the
       | message more probable here is "this is my food, go away". If you
       | look the video carefully the fishes seem trying to swim near the
       | mouth of the octopus, where the probability of stealing a scrape
       | is higher.
        
         | Tool_of_Society wrote:
         | In the one short video you do see what you want to see.
         | Meanwhile the researchers have hundreds of hours into this...
         | 
         | Probably shouldn't base your entire opinion of the study on a
         | 17 second video or a fluff article.
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02525-2
        
       | andrew-dc wrote:
       | Audio found? https://youtu.be/sAoiwGjBmZs
        
       | staplung wrote:
       | The octopuses I spoke to strenuously deny the fish abuse
       | accusations.
       | 
       | "It's true that our innovative management technique - Continuous
       | Tactile Feedback - can look a little rough to the untrained eye,
       | but our Food Collection Engineers are actually very well
       | treated."
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | Yes but I've read the reports in the Annals of Oceanography and
         | the sub-director General of Fishing Affairs said it is
         | happening and the only reason they haven't been able to pursue
         | it is that the dolphins keep vetoing any real measures at every
         | yearly convention. It's a bit of a fishy subject.
        
           | KaushikR2 wrote:
           | And that's why it's important to vote! #BlueWhale2024
        
       | tommiegannert wrote:
       | The study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02525-2
       | 
       | Sampaio et al., Multidimensional social influence drives
       | leadership and composition-dependent success in octopus-fish
       | hunting groups
       | 
       | I was curious about the the 3D reconstruction of the scenes.
       | 
       | > We manually tracked individuals in the videos using the
       | software Computer Vision Annotation Tool. We annotated three
       | frames per second, which yielded a time resolution of 0.33 s for
       | animal movement.
       | 
       | > We then used another software developed to incorporate the
       | previously tracked animals in each camera in the 'colmap' habitat
       | models and camera paths, 'multiviewtracks' or 'mvt' [29]
       | 
       | > [29] Francisco, F. A., Nuhrenberg, P. & Jordan, A. High-
       | resolution, non-invasive animal tracking and reconstruction of
       | local environment in aquatic ecosystems
       | 
       | Seems it was specifically developed to track fish. Cool project.
       | 
       | Links to https://github.com/matterport/Mask_RCNN and
       | https://github.com/pnuehrenberg/multiviewtracks.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | It's too bad there aren't more software projects (and jobs)
         | like this.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | Octopuses don't have money, so the people with money aren't
           | interested in putting more resources into understanding
           | octopuses.
        
             | rkagerer wrote:
             | But surely if they can punch fish they can click ads?
        
               | tonetegeatinst wrote:
               | Awaiting the ad industry giants to see this new source of
               | end users.
        
               | glompers wrote:
               | New meaning to HN hug of death too
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Octopuses are practically alien.
       | 
       | They can:
       | 
       | - shape shift into so many different forms and shapes.
       | 
       | - "invisibility", by instantanously changing colors & it's own
       | skin texture, to match surrounds.
       | 
       | - can regrow entire body parts if cut off (like arms)
       | 
       | - have 9 brains (localized)
       | 
       | - and are ridiculous intelligent
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | And yet like us they have two eyes. I wonder if we meet aliens
         | from another star-orbiting planet if their light-sensors will
         | look anything like ours.
        
           | Wojtkie wrote:
           | Well, I'm not sure there'd be much benefit to spending energy
           | on a 3rd eye. You can already achieve stereoscopic vision
           | with just two eyes, why waste the energy on a third? It
           | probably doesn't increase fitness enough to be worth the
           | energy spend.
        
             | john2x wrote:
             | Different sets for different wavelength ranges
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | It might be too hard to parse, but an eye on each arm would
             | give variable baseline and potentially 360deg stereoscopic
             | coverage.
        
         | goostavos wrote:
         | And they might have dreams!
         | 
         | One of the coolest things I've encountered at an aquarium was a
         | sleeping octopus wildly shifting its colors. It seems truly
         | alien to behold -- like it shouldn't be possible.
         | 
         | My googling after the fact says that who knows why they
         | actually do it or what's going on, but, I really like the
         | thought of them having little octopus dreams.
        
       | Intralexical wrote:
       | Somewhat related, "Octopuses are building small "cities" off the
       | coast of Australia (2017)":
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36103801
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopolis_and_Octlantis
        
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