[HN Gopher] Radioactive Tape Dispenser (1970s)
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       Radioactive Tape Dispenser (1970s)
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2024-09-24 08:05 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.orau.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.orau.org)
        
       | khafra wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be about generating x-rays by peeling
       | scotch tape
       | (https://www.technologyreview.com/2008/10/23/217918/x-rays-ma...)
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | I thought it was going to be some kind of anti-static device to
         | make the dispensed tape less statically clingy.
        
           | m3047 wrote:
           | I've seen antistatic devices based on ionizing radiation, but
           | not recently. That might be partially a function of different
           | work environments.
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | All of a sudden I'm imagining some kind of wintergreen-flavored
         | device which you bite on and which takes dental xrays at
         | home...
        
         | kikokikokiko wrote:
         | Yeah, when I read the title I immediately thought "big fng
         | deal, EVERY tape dispenser is a (mildly) radioactive tape
         | dispenser".
        
       | jakedata wrote:
       | About 20 years ago I kitted out our office with furniture and
       | supplies from a business liquidation auction. Several tape
       | dispensers of that general shape came along with the lot. I guess
       | I had better bring my geiger counter to the office. Probably the
       | wrong vintage, but who knows?
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | monazite isn't radioactive enough to be dangerous unless you're
         | breathing the radon. chemically it's very stable, even without
         | the epoxy encapsulation
        
           | jakedata wrote:
           | Just curious. I bought the geiger counter to verify the
           | authenticity of some fiestaware and discovered that my radium
           | dial alarm clock is hot enough to trigger the alarm.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | yeah, radium-dial alarm clocks actually _can_ be dangerous.
             | but i think you can put monazite sand in your food with no
             | ill effects except for tooth wear
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | I set off the explosives detectors at LAX on one trip back from
         | Apex Surplus:
         | 
         | https://apexsurplus.com/
         | 
         | My wife ran off laughing while the officers pulled random bomb-
         | looking pieces from my luggage.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I think those detect certain kinds of nitrogen. I wonder what
           | set it off.
        
       | detourdog wrote:
       | Designed by Henry Dreyfus & Associates. I collect them them.
        
         | jakedata wrote:
         | Be careful how you stack them.
         | 
         | (this is a joke, I realize that criticality would be completely
         | impossible for a zillion reasons)
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | I think fusion from gravity would be the first radiation
           | hazard lol. You would need quite a few.
        
         | buescher wrote:
         | Interesting to know. These were so commonplace but it's been a
         | while since I've seen one. I was struck by the design while
         | reading the article. I almost want one, but I so rarely use
         | scotch tape...
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Dreyfuss designed that? With those swooping curves? That looks
         | more like Loewy or Eames.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | - _" This particular example came from a 55 gallon drum of tape
       | dispensers that the U.S. Army was about to dispose of as
       | radioactive waste."_
       | 
       | This is a common beach sand [0]. It illustrates something absurd,
       | I can't quite put my finger on what, about the relation between
       | human society and technology. No one knows anything about the
       | physical or chemical properties of sand on the beach. No one
       | asks; no one cares. There are no EPA surveys of beach
       | radioactivity. No beach signs warning beachgoers "do not eat the
       | sand", or, "this beach is known to the state of California to
       | cause cancer". But you take _one handful_ of the beach into a
       | plastic box, and accidentally walk it past the wrong regulatory
       | compliance officer, and suddenly the US Army is burying your one-
       | handful-of-beach-sand in a 55-gallon drum packed in bentonite.
       | 
       | It's one lens for nature, and one lens for the anthropogenic.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monazite
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | I wonder if the phenomenon you're describing is the subtle and
         | often hidden complexity of science, and our inability as humans
         | to recognise and handle that complexity appropriately.
         | 
         | In this case, we have the US Army's procedure for disposing of
         | low-level radioactive waste. That process probably says
         | something like "if a thing has been identified as more
         | radioactive than THRESHOLD, then dispose of as radioactive
         | waste." Could the process be expanded to cover cases where the
         | radioactivity is naturally occurring? Probably, but who would
         | then take on the liability if there were any? I'm not sure.
         | What about a case like this, where a naturally occurring
         | radioactive source has been transformed into some piece of
         | equipment that nobody would reasonably expect to be
         | radioactive. Does that need special handling, or not? If so,
         | who is responsible -- the US Army? The manufacturer? The US
         | EPA, even?
         | 
         | It all gets quite complicated, and as complexity increases the
         | risk of a procedure not being applied consistently, or at all,
         | rises quickly. To keep the collective human machine functional,
         | we need to ignore the complexity, and have every radioactive
         | thing be disposed of in the same way.
         | 
         | There are many instances of humans handling scientific
         | complexity badly and coming to poor decisions as a result. A
         | well-known one is declining nuclear fission power stations in
         | favour of coal power stations and subsequently releasing more
         | radioactivity into the environment than the nuclear power
         | stations would ever have done. I'm sure there are hundreds
         | more.
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | I visited a friend in Elliot Lake once and we stopped at a
           | plaque on the side of the highway to read. A geologist friend
           | came along, and he recognized the formation of the rocks
           | under our feet as uranium-bearing. I had brought my Geiger
           | counter along, and sure enough, these were hot too.
           | 
           | As you mention: no warning signs, no caution tape. Being
           | close enough to that in any "anthropoid" setting would
           | require, at the very least, a dosimetry badge.
           | 
           | I can live within that cognitive dissonance, but it's just an
           | interesting observation.
        
             | jjkaczor wrote:
             | In vast sections of Ontario, Ohio, Michigan, Quebec (and
             | probably many other areas) anyone with a basement has to
             | monitor for radon gas - it's just a normal part of the
             | environment overall because of the geological makeup.
             | 
             | If you can keep a window or two open - it's not so bad - we
             | use an smart bluetooth-connected monitor that I check daily
             | - CO2 seems to be more of a problem than the radon.
        
               | alnwlsn wrote:
               | Yes. Live in one of those areas and "radon mitigation
               | systems" are common. There is a sealed lid that goes over
               | your sump pump cover, and a fan constantly pulls air from
               | it, which goes up a tube on the side of your house and
               | empties near the roofline.
        
               | tecleandor wrote:
               | Relatively common is the cities around Madrid (Spain)
               | mountains, and then to the west and northwest due to the
               | granite there. Specially because lots of the houses in
               | the area were built with that local granite.
        
               | zh3 wrote:
               | Similar in parts of the UK (where there's granite) -
               | there's a map of radon-prone areas on the UK Government
               | website.
               | 
               | * https://www.ukradon.org/information/ukmaps
        
             | Joker_vD wrote:
             | Well, what's the alternative? Walk all over the US of A,
             | measuring radiation at every square foot? That's
             | prohibitively expensive even today for a rather dubious
             | benefit: most of the terrain is not (yet) noticeably
             | radioactive, after all.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | There's no alternative, other than recognizing that these
               | dichotomies exist.
               | 
               | A brown bear in the wild doesn't have any warning signs
               | or set off any alarms, but it sure would if it was in a
               | human-occupied building. Context is key! :)
        
           | alnwlsn wrote:
           | On the other side of this you have something like the Runit
           | Dome, which is a nuclear test crater in the Pacific which
           | they filed in with radioactive debris and covered in
           | concrete. It is starting to leak from rising sea levels. But
           | when people complain about this, they are told "oh, don't
           | worry, there's actually far more radioactive material outside
           | the dome" because it turns out they only managed to clean up
           | about 1% of the contamination, and the rest of the immediate
           | area is still covered in fallout.
        
         | snakeyjake wrote:
         | Monazite isn't common. Well, it's somewhat common but not on
         | beaches. Beach sand is mostly quartz.
         | 
         | Beach sand may or may not be radioactive, but California only
         | requires Prop 65 warnings on things for sale.
         | 
         | The beach isn't for sale.
         | 
         | Sand that is sold in the state of California does come with the
         | warning that it is a carcinogen because regular old silicon
         | dioxide is a carcinogen:
         | https://mcdn.martinmarietta.com/assets/safety-data-sheets/na...
         | 
         | With all things the dose makes the poison, so even if you are a
         | beach bum you're ok but if you are an industrial worker exposed
         | to concentrated amount of silica dust on a daily basis, you
         | should really be informed that it is a carcinogen (among other
         | things) and be equipped with PPE.
        
           | InDubioProRubio wrote:
           | Wherever the car break runoffs from the highways reach the
           | beach, the chancer rates must be through the roof too
        
           | cduzz wrote:
           | I don't think Silicosis is cancer as much as it's just
           | "shredding your lungs"
           | 
           | It's a horrifying disease and people in affected industries
           | should always wear PPE and likely don't.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Silicosis causes cancer the same way a lot of things do: If
             | you repeatedly damage cells over and over and over, that
             | increases the likelihood that some of the DNA will be mis-
             | copied, fail to be repaired, and survives the biological
             | lottery to become a cancer cell.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > Beach sand may or may not be radioactive, but California
           | only requires Prop 65 warnings on things for sale.
           | 
           | They're not just on things for sale. They're also required at
           | workspaces, businesses, rental housing. I've seen them on
           | unpaid parking structures.
           | 
           | If the beach was operated by a private entity instead of by
           | public agencies or just public access with no supervision, a
           | warning might be needed.
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | I'm not a geologist; did I misunderstand the Wikipedia entry
           | I linked? It says
           | 
           | - _" Because of their high density, monazite minerals
           | concentrate in alluvial sands when released by the weathering
           | of pegmatites. These so-called placer deposits are often
           | beach or fossil beach sands..."_
           | 
           | And I found two specific examples of notably radioactive
           | monazite beaches--an 800 km stretch of Brazil's coast [0],
           | and 55 km stretch of India's coast [1].
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarapari#Radioactivity
           | 
           | [1] https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/No-major-birth-defects-
           | fou...
        
             | welder wrote:
             | Depends on the beach. Brasil has more than others.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdHHUGwFoJE
        
             | snakeyjake wrote:
             | Those locations, with their high concentrations ("high"
             | being "greater than 0.01%-ish") of heavy metals, of which
             | mazanite is but one of many, are the rare exception.
             | 
             | The IAEA report on Guarapari specifically says "it's
             | weirdly high, brah":
             | 
             | >The exposure level due to monazite sand radiation in Areia
             | Preta beach, Guarapari, is high. The activity concentration
             | of 232Th in Areia Preta is higher than others beaches in
             | world studied. The values of the absorbed dose rate in air
             | and outdoor annual effective dose rate in Areia Preta beach
             | are higher than the world averages due the content of
             | 232Th. Areia Preta is also has higher background found in
             | beaches in world.
             | 
             | https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public
             | /...
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | There are other radioactive types of sands. Black sands (
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_sand ) can be quite
           | active, and they can be found in many places.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | >> here are no EPA surveys of beach radioactivity. No beach
         | signs warning beachgoers "do not eat the sand",
         | 
         | Perhaps there should be. The idea that the natural world is
         | somehow safe has roots in mythology, that some creator has
         | designed the world for us and so any "untouched" wilderness is
         | unpolluted and free of invisible pollutions. Maybe there are
         | beaches with dangerous levels of radiation. I am open to the
         | concept that there exists natural places nevertheless
         | radioactive enough to justify warnings. We certainly issue
         | warnings for other unseen natural hazards.
        
           | zh3 wrote:
           | A while ago now, the Oklo nuclear reactor ran - according to
           | wikipedia [0] - for a few hundred thousand years albeit only
           | with power levels averaging less than 100 kilowatts. It was
           | discovered because there was a discrepancy in the amount of
           | uranium expected from a mine and the amount they actually
           | got.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_rea
           | cto...
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | >No one knows anything about the physical or chemical
         | properties of sand on the beach. No one asks; no one cares.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22026436
        
         | SpaceFarmer wrote:
         | I know what you mean! I found a random field like 20 miles from
         | my house where the radioactivity was like 100x normal due to
         | Thorium in the dirt. How many spots like that have a house
         | built over them and no one knows? Here is my webpage with a
         | video of the field visit. https://hunterwlong.com/mapping-
         | radiation-with-a-raspberry-p...
        
         | somat wrote:
         | Now I am curious why 3M was using monazite specifically as a
         | tape dispenser ballast.
         | 
         | So it is sand encased in resin. My initial thought was it is
         | heavier(denser) than plain silica sand, And while it probably
         | is, It feels weird that 3m specifically searched it out to use
         | for that reason alone, I bet they had quite a bit of the stuff
         | on hand for other products, and so might as well use the waste
         | as a tape dispenser ballast.
         | 
         | A tangent on heavy rock ballast, I once saw a documentary on an
         | offshore oil platform, and it was towed to the site, sunk and
         | then filled with rocks to anchor it. the rocks used were
         | specifically iron ore as that is significantly denser than most
         | rocks.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | They're doing a radiological survey of the waterfront in
         | Alameda county because twentieth century humans accidentally
         | depleted it of non-radioactive material, enriched it, in other
         | words. They already identified a small area that's dangerously
         | active.
        
       | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
       | How radioactive is this exactly? I picked up one of these in a
       | thrift store a few years ago and have just had it sitting in
       | storage... Waiting to get my retro office vibe once I find the
       | space but I'm willing to let it go if it might kill me?
       | Especially a slow agonizing radioactive based death? Are they
       | seriously so radioactive that the military was afraid of them?
        
         | Vecr wrote:
         | It's not really. It's detectable so it theory it might trip
         | something in a nuclear power plant, but unless you plan on
         | grinding it up and inhaling it, it should stay in the casing.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Nuclear power plants, outside of the reaction chamber, are
           | about the least radioactive places you can go. Given the
           | materials they handle, they operate under such strict
           | procedures to get as early warning as possible if anything
           | is, in fact, leaking from containment.
        
       | RockRobotRock wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be able how peeling tape in a vacuum
       | creates X-Rays.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | You know someone got kudos for finding a cheap supply of ballast.
       | Never ask why it's so cheap. The answer is either slaves,
       | children, or contamination. Sometimes all three.
        
       | MithrilTuxedo wrote:
       | When my father started working at the St. Lucie nuclear power
       | plant in ~1988 they had just gotten rid of a shipment of tape
       | dispensers that arrived too hot to be kept on site.
        
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