[HN Gopher] The Intelligence Age
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Intelligence Age
        
       Author : firloop
       Score  : 240 points
       Date   : 2024-09-23 17:01 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ia.samaltman.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ia.samaltman.com)
        
       | ljlolel wrote:
       | "Many of the jobs we do today would have looked like trifling
       | wastes of time to people a few hundred years ago, but nobody is
       | looking back at the past, wishing they were a lamplighter. If a
       | lamplighter could see the world today, he would think the
       | prosperity all around him was unimaginable. And if we could fast-
       | forward a hundred years from today, the prosperity all around us
       | would feel just as unimaginable." Loving the techno optimism.
        
         | lispisok wrote:
         | I got a kick out of that. Spoken like a man who doesnt have to
         | concern himself with the price of housing or any other
         | necessity as we watch this strange short lived phenomena called
         | the middle class disappear and we're back to the haves and
         | have-nots.
        
         | imjonse wrote:
         | It's a lot more comforting to work on AI (or any tech for that
         | matter) if you believe or force yourself to believe it will be
         | used for good. OpenAI's for-profit and gatekeeping approach is
         | unlikely to be the path to the prosperity Sam Altman envisions.
        
       | 23B1 wrote:
       | AI is going to revolutionize humanity!
       | 
       | Sam Altman is the _last_ guy we want helping lead that
       | revolution.
        
       | talldayo wrote:
       | > Although it will happen incrementally, astounding triumphs -
       | fixing the climate, establishing a space colony, and the
       | discovery of all of physics - will eventually become commonplace.
       | 
       | Paging Dr. Bullshit, we've got an optimist on the line who'd like
       | to have a word with you.
        
       | kazcaptain wrote:
       | The most interesting bit I find is the time period mentioned
       | until super-intelligence: "thousands of days (!)" aka 6-9 years
       | or more?
       | 
       | With the current hype wave it feels like we're almost there but
       | this piece makes me think we're not.
        
         | CptFribble wrote:
         | I think that's part of the carefully-crafted hype messaging.
         | Close enough to get excited about, but far enough away that by
         | the time we get there people will have forgotten we were
         | supposed to have it by then.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | If anything, I would say that that's a very optimistic take.
         | The hype train is strong, but that's largely what it is once
         | you look at the details. What we have right now is impressive,
         | but no one has shown anything close to a possible path from
         | where we are right now to AGI. The things we can do right now
         | are fancy, but they're fancy in the same way good autocomplete
         | is fancy. To me, it feels like a local maxima, but it's very
         | unclear whether the specific set of approaches we're exploring
         | right now can lead to something more.
        
           | ctoth wrote:
           | > What we have right now is impressive, but no one has shown
           | anything close to a possible path from where we are right now
           | to AGI[0].
           | 
           | [0]: From GPT-4 to AGI: Counting the OOMs
           | https://situational-awareness.ai/from-gpt-4-to-agi/
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | I'm not convinced, and neither is Sam Altman himself [0].
             | Also, if that projection holds, and that's a big if, the
             | purported breakthrough would cost 10^6 times as much as
             | GPT-4 took to train. That's over 100 million dollars [1]
             | times a million. That adds up to over 100 trillion dollars,
             | in the ballpark of four times the GDP of the whole of
             | United States.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.wired.com/story/openai-ceo-sam-altman-the-
             | age-of...
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPT-4#Training
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | How do you distinguish the path to fancier autocomplete from
           | the path towards AGI? Why think we're on the former rather
           | than the latter?
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | The thing is that it looks like, or perhaps I should say it's
           | "understood" at this point, that transformer's abilities
           | scale pretty much linearly with compute (there is also some
           | evidence they scale exponentially with parameter count, but
           | just some evidence).
           | 
           | Right now there is insane amounts of money being thrown at AI
           | _because_ progress is matching projections. There doesn 't
           | seem to be a leveling off or diminishing returns taking
           | place. And that's just compute, we could probably freeze
           | compute and still make insane progress just because
           | optimizations have so much momentum right now too.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Yeah, that's my number one question, too. Sure, he happened to
         | be appointed the manager of the team who cracked intuitive
         | algorithms through deep learning, but what does he know about
         | superintelligence? IMO that's a completely separate question,
         | and "foundation models continue to improve" is absolutely not
         | related to whether or not an intelligence explosion is
         | guaranteed or not. I'd trust someone like Yudkowsky way more on
         | this, or really anyone who has engaged with academic literature
         | on the subjects of intentionality, receptive vs. spontaneous
         | reasoning, or really _any_ academic literature of any kind...
         | 
         | Does anyone know if he's published thoughts on any serious lit?
         | So far I've just seen him play the "I know stuff you don't
         | because I get to see behind the scenes" card over and over,
         | which seems a little dubious at this point. I was convinced
         | they would announce AGI in December 2023, so I'm far from a
         | hater! It just seems clear that they're/he's guessing at this
         | point, rather than reporting or reasoning.
         | 
         | Really he assumes two huge breakthroughs, both of which I find
         | plausible but far from guaranteed:                  With
         | nearly-limitless intelligence and abundant energy
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | I would presume that that's the time period he's currently
         | trying to fund.
        
       | lpasselin wrote:
       | Custom and _competent_ AI tutors will be a game changer for
       | education.
        
       | hnthrow562 wrote:
       | This is painting a picture of a utopia. I'm not sure about that.
       | 
       | The entire AI trend - long term is based on the idea that AI will
       | profoundly change the world. This has sparked a global race for
       | developing better AI systems and the more dangerous winner takes
       | all outcome. It is therefore not surprising that billions of
       | dollars are being spent to develop more powerful AI systems as
       | well as to restructure operations around them.
       | 
       | All the existing systems we have must fundamentally change for
       | the better if we want a good future.
       | 
       | The positive aspects / utopia promises have much more visibility
       | to the public than the negative effects / dystopian world.
       | 
       | ARE WE TO pretend that Human greed, selfishness, desires to
       | dominate and control, animalistic behaviour, use of technologies
       | for war and other destructive purposes don't exist?
       | 
       | We are living in times of war and chaos and uncertainty.
       | Increasingly advanced technology is being used on the battlefield
       | in more covert and strategic ways.
       | 
       | History is repeating itself again in many ways. Have we failed to
       | learn? The consequences might be harsher with more advanced
       | technology.
       | 
       | I have read and thought deeply about several anti AI doomer takes
       | from prominent researchers and scientists but I haven't seen any
       | which aren't based on assumptions or foolproof. For something
       | that profoundly changes the world, it's bad to base your hopes on
       | assumptions.
       | 
       | I see people dunking on llms which might not be AI's final form.
       | Then they extrapolate that and say there is nothing to worry
       | about. It is a matter of when not if.
       | 
       | The thought of being useless or worse being treated as nothing
       | more than pests is worrying. Job losses are minor in comparison.
       | 
       | The only hope I have is that we are all in this together. I hope
       | peace and goodwill prevails. I hope necessary actions are taken
       | before it's too late.
       | 
       | A more pragmatic perspective indicates that there are more
       | pressing problems that need to be addressed if we want to avoid a
       | doomer scenario.
        
       | emoII wrote:
       | The sentiment to me is "we need unlimited compute and data" both
       | of which are clearly limited. There is definitely more technology
       | to invent and understand in order for us to do more with less
        
       | tikkun wrote:
       | The future will be abundant, because deep learning works. To
       | achieve that, we need to be calm, but cautious. And, we need to
       | fund infra (chips and power) so that AGI isn't limited to the
       | ultra-wealthy.
       | 
       | My take:
       | 
       | * Foom/doom isn't helpful. But, calm cautiousness is. If you're
       | acting from a place of fear and emotional dysregulation, you'll
       | make ineffective choices. If you get calm and regulated first,
       | and _then_ take actions, they 'll be more effective. (This is my
       | issue with AGI-risk people, they often seem triggered/fear/alarm-
       | driven rather than calm but cautious)
       | 
       | * Piece is kind of a manifesto for raising money for AI infra
       | 
       | * Sam's done a podcast before about meditation where he talked
       | about similar themes of "prudence without fear" and the dangers
       | of "deep fear and panic and anxiety" and instead the importance
       | of staying "calm and centered during hard and stressful moments"
       | - responding, not reacting (strong +1)
       | 
       | * It's no accident that o1 is very good at math physics and
       | programming. It'll keep getting much better here. Presumably this
       | is the path for AGI to lead to abundance and cheaper energy by
       | "solving physics"
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Well put! I would disagree on two fundamental points, tho:
         | 
         | 1. If you honestly think that millions/billions of people are
         | at serious risk of avoidable harm that everyone else is
         | ignoring, "calm down" can be a hard dictum to follow. Sam
         | Altman has won, it's easy for him psychologically to say "well,
         | lets just stick to the status quo and do our best every day and
         | it'll probably work out". Made-in-house bias is strongest when
         | "in-house" is your own mind, after all.
         | 
         | 2. Your scare quotes makes it seem like you might agree, but:
         | physics is the study of the physical world, thinking it can be
         | 'solved' is like thinking mathematics, psychology, or
         | anthropology can be 'solved'. It's fundamentally anti-science
         | and very, very dangerous to be talking like that. Truth isn't
         | absolutely relative, but science also isn't a collection of
         | facts written in stone that we need to finish unearthing; it's
         | a collection of intellectual tools.
        
       | seri4l wrote:
       | >We can say a lot of things about what may happen next, but the
       | main one is that AI is going to get better with scale.
       | 
       | Could anyone elaborate on this? Further down he talks about the
       | necessity of bringing the cost of computing down. Is that really
       | the bottleneck?
        
         | kneel wrote:
         | Few short learning performance scales with model size. Afaik
         | they don't see a plateau yet and the race is on the ingest more
         | data and come up with better tuning techniques.
         | 
         | https://splab.sdu.edu.cn/GPT3.pdf
        
         | ks2048 wrote:
         | "AI is going to get better with scale" to me says almost
         | nothing at all. It includes anything from we 100x the scale and
         | get 1% improvement to 2x the scale and get "AGI".
        
       | CptFribble wrote:
       | To paraphrase Goggins, "Who's gonna carry the cabbage?"
       | 
       | While it's true there are a lot of jobs obsoleted by
       | technological progress, the vision of personal AI teams creating
       | a new age of prosperity only makes sense for knowledge workers.
       | Sure, a field worker picking cabbage could also have an AI team
       | to coordinate medical care. But in this brilliant future, are the
       | lowest members of society suddenly well-paid?
       | 
       | The steam engine and subsequent Industrial Revolution created a
       | lot of jobs and economic productivity, sure, but a huge amount of
       | those jobs were dirty, dangerous factory jobs, and the lion's
       | share of the productivity was ultimately captured by robber
       | barons for quite some time. The increase in standard of living
       | could only be seen in aggregate on pages of statistics from the
       | mahogany-paneled offices of Standard Oil, while the lives of the
       | individuals beneath those papers more often resembled Sinclair's
       | Jungle.
       | 
       | Altman's suggestion that avoiding AI capture by the rich merely
       | requires more compute is laughable. We have enormous amounts of
       | compute currently, and its productivity is already captured by a
       | small number of people compared to the vast throngs that power
       | civilization in total. Why would AI make this any different? The
       | average person does not understand how AI works and does not have
       | the resources to utilize it. Any further advancements in AI,
       | including "personalized AI teams," will not be equally shared,
       | they will be packaged into subscription services and sold, only
       | to enrich those who already control the vast majority of the
       | world's wealth.
        
         | peterb0yd wrote:
         | Shhh... you're not supposed to say anything about this!
         | 
         | We need to sell the idea of abundance for everyone so investors
         | and employees will feel good about dedicating their livelihood
         | to our organization!
        
         | idle_zealot wrote:
         | The thing is: robotics is knowledge work. Supposing a scenario
         | in which AI makes advancing fields of engineering and science
         | much more rapid, it will be leveraged to build and cheapen
         | robotic labor. There would be a gap period where AI is smart
         | but unable to perform labor without humans, which could be
         | ugly, and then we reach effective post-scarcity and post-
         | humans-being-useful. Where we go from there could be heaven or
         | hell depending on who's in charge.
        
       | swyx wrote:
       | > If we want to put AI into the hands of as many people as
       | possible, we need to drive down the cost of compute and make it
       | abundant (which requires lots of energy and chips). If we don't
       | build enough infrastructure, AI will be a very limited resource
       | that wars get fought over and that becomes mostly a tool for rich
       | people.
       | 
       | i think this is the prevailing wisdom but theres an angle that
       | openai doesnt value and therefore isnt mentioned. There's far
       | more compute sitting idle in everyone's offices and homes and
       | pockets than there are in the $100bn openai cluster. it just isnt
       | useful for training because physics. but its useful for
       | inference. local LLMs ship this-next year in Chrome (gemini nano)
       | and Apple (apple intelligence) that will truly be available for
       | everyone instead of going thru OpenAI's infra. they'll be worse
       | than GPT4, but only for a couple more years.
        
         | obirunda wrote:
         | Especially when you separate the ethereal "hard problems" from
         | every day queries local LLMs can answer equally as well as SOTA
         | models, the value proposition for these expensive models
         | plummets. If it can't solve real hard, long horizon problems
         | the 10% lift on a given benchmark is not a material value prop
         | to the end user to choose a local free version over the API
         | costs or the monthly subscription.
        
       | leetharris wrote:
       | I like Sam's philosophy on this and I generally agree with him.
       | However, I do not like how all the wealthy AI people are hand-
       | waving the massive labor market shift in the coming years.
       | 
       | > As one example, we expect that this technology can cause a
       | significant change in labor markets (good and bad) in the coming
       | years, but most jobs will change more slowly than most people
       | think, and I have no fear that we'll run out of things to do
       | (even if they don't look like "real jobs" to us today). People
       | have an innate desire to create and to be useful to each other,
       | and AI will allow us to amplify our own abilities like never
       | before. As a society, we will be back in an expanding world, and
       | we can again focus on playing positive-sum games.
       | 
       | It's very easy as an extremely rich person to just say, "don't
       | worry, in the end it'll be better for all of us." Maybe that's
       | true on a societal scale, but these are people's entire worlds
       | being destroyed.
       | 
       | Imagine you went to college for a medical specialty for 8-10
       | years, you come out as an expert, and 2 years later that entire
       | field is handled by AI and salaries start to tank. Imagine you
       | have been a graphic designer for 20 years supporting your 3
       | children and bam a diffusion model can do your job for a fraction
       | of the cost. Imagine you've been a stenographer working in
       | courtrooms to support your ill parents and suddenly ASR can do
       | your job better than you can. This is just simple stuff we can
       | connect the dots on now. There will be orders of magnitude more
       | shifts that we can't even imagine right now.
       | 
       | To someone like Sam, everything will be fine. He can handle the
       | massive societal shift because he has options. Every a moderately
       | wealthy person will be OK.
       | 
       | But the entire middle class is going to start really freaking the
       | fuck out soon as more and more jobs disappear. You're already
       | seeing anti-AI sentiment all over the web. Even in expert
       | circles, you can see skepticism. People saying things like, "how
       | do I opt out of Apple Intelligence?" People don't WANT more
       | grammar correction or AI emojis in their lives, they just want to
       | survive and thrive and own a house.
       | 
       | How are we going to handle this? Sam's words of "if we could
       | fast-forward a hundred years from today, the prosperity all
       | around us would feel just as unimaginable" doesn't mean shit to a
       | family of 4 who went through layoffs in the year 2025 because AI
       | took their job while Microsoft's stock grows 50%.
        
         | s3tt3mbr1n1 wrote:
         | For this reason I read Andrew Yang's "The War on Normal
         | People". Besides UBI and "social credits", I don't see him
         | offer that many other solutions to this problem. UBI also still
         | needs to be proven as far as I'm aware.
         | 
         | When o1 was released, I ran an internal eval and saw it plainly
         | outperforming our highly educated colleagues. I had goosebumps,
         | and haven't been able to sleep well for days. This will
         | dramatically impact society in 2-5 years.
         | 
         | Do you know of any relevant material related to this?
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | https://users.manchester.edu/Facstaff/SSNaragon/Online/100-F.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdf
           | 
           | Welcome to the anxiety party, it sucks in here. As someone
           | who's been working on AI theory full time for ~1 year, I
           | desperately wish we could go back to the days of my faraway
           | youth (5 years ago) before intuition was cracked on accident
           | by spellcheck algorithms. I agree with him that it holds the
           | key to massive prosperity, but selfishly, it's gonna upend my
           | life and the lives of everyone I love. Already has for me, as
           | I grapple with how to (ethically) pay rent while spending all
           | day lighting the Warning Beacons of Gondor...
           | 
           | The only real answer, IMHO, is to vote for political systems
           | that put control of society (and AI) in the hands of the
           | public. Call it socialism, call it Georgism, call it anarcho-
           | free-market-space-communism, call it whatever you want;
           | there's no way that "a tiny number of people have immense
           | inherited power" (capitalism) and "people fundamentally
           | understand themselves as members of a tribe put in opposition
           | to all other tribes by default" (nationalism) mesh well with
           | an intelligence explosion.
           | 
           | Here's to hoping the haters are right, and we all turn out to
           | be wrong! I'll be thrilled if Sam Altman is just a rich
           | company leader in 10 years, and intuitive algorithms are
           | still confined to direct usage (chatbots).
        
           | throwaway314155 wrote:
           | o1 was what got you stirred up? It honestly feels like an
           | incremental change at best to me. I had similar feelings
           | about gpt-3.5, but since then my fears have normalized into a
           | sort of dull, typical (for me) cynicism (so no sleepless
           | nights).
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | We're going to need to link the two. Those wealthy enough to
         | not care, we're going to have to organize and make them care.
         | Ideally we can find a way to do it nonviolently.
        
         | yoyohello13 wrote:
         | I wish I could upvote this more than once. I feel like every
         | conversation about AI changing society comes from rich founders
         | telling Joe banker to "Just start a company. AI will make it
         | easy."
         | 
         | The reality is, this transition is going to be painful for the
         | average person.
        
         | blibble wrote:
         | my bet is that it's a repeat of the French revolution
         | 
         | with the billionaire AI moguls taking the role of the french
         | kings
         | 
         | and the data centres taking the role of the palaces
        
       | breck wrote:
       | It looks like this is a new subdomain that has never been used
       | before today:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/https://ia.samal...
       | 
       | Surprisingly complicated HTML source code for a simple blog post.
       | 
       | Here it is as:
       | 
       | Plain HTML: https://hub.scroll.pub/sama/index.html
       | 
       | Text: https://hub.scroll.pub/sama/index.txt
       | 
       | Scroll: https://hub.scroll.pub/sama/index.scroll
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Wow, great catch. Something tells me he rolled this himself.
         | Clearly he's trying to coin a term for personal legacy reasons,
         | and I say godspeed. _Holocene_ is a little vague, _the
         | information age_ is too entrenched to get anyone 's attention,
         | _a /the singular age_ / _the singularity_ are way too deeply
         | associated with the doomer community, and _the cybernetic age_
         | (a term coined for academia!) is too associated with playful
         | science fiction.
         | 
         | I'm personally rooting for _cognitive_ being the word of the
         | next few decades, but that 's just a shout from the sidelines.
         | Only time will tell what humanity latches on to, but I wouldn't
         | be surprised if this blog post/subdomain was referenced in a
         | Wikipedia page's _Etymology_ section in 10-15 years...
         | 
         | Although this blog post & discussion has my anxiety at an 8,
         | something's oddly comforting about the thought of Sam Altman
         | fiddling with tailwind classes to get his profound aesthetic
         | just-right. Something undeniably relatable and human. Hate the
         | man all you want (I do!), but he's clearly acting in some sort
         | of good faith.
        
           | breck wrote:
           | > Clearly he's trying to coin a term
           | 
           | You are right. I overlooked the simplicity of the headline.
           | Thanks for calling attention to that.
           | 
           | > Something tells me he rolled this himself.
           | 
           | This would be cool.
           | 
           | > I'm personally rooting for cognitive being the word of the
           | next few decades
           | 
           | I like that one too.
           | 
           | > he's clearly acting in some sort of good faith.
           | 
           | He's always been one to think and write for himself. Huge
           | respect for him. Even though it needles me every moment that
           | they still call themselves "Open"AI, I have so much respect
           | for the guy, especially because PG basically told the world
           | he was the next Michael Jordan of startups, and he actually
           | went and fulfilled that. Not many people have it in them to
           | live up to hype like that (Lebron being the only other one I
           | can think of OOTOMH)
        
       | sharkjacobs wrote:
       | > Deep learning works, and we will solve the remaining problems.
       | We can say a lot of things about what may happen next, but the
       | main one is that AI is going to get better with scale
       | 
       | I'm not an AI skeptic at all, I use llms all the time, and find
       | them very useful. But stuff like this makes me very skeptical of
       | the people who are making and selling AI.
       | 
       | It seems like there was a really sweet spot wrt the capabilities
       | AI was able to "unlock" with scale over the last couple years,
       | but my high level sense is that each meaningful jumps of baseline
       | raw "intelligence" required an exponential increases in scale, in
       | terms of training data and computation, and we've reached the
       | ceiling of "easily available" increases, it's not as easy to pour
       | "as much as it takes" into GPT5 if it turns out you need more
       | than A Microsoft.
        
         | sharkjacobs wrote:
         | > we will solve the remaining problems
         | 
         | This is the part that really gets me. This is a thing that you
         | say to your team, and a thing you say to your investors, but
         | this isn't a thing that you can actually believe with certainty
         | is it?
        
           | lainga wrote:
           | _Mit dem nachste Kapitalrunde wird das alles in Ordnung
           | kommen._
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | you need some amount of irrational definite optimism +
           | knowing things others dont to be a good founder. that kind of
           | reality distortion field is why sam is sam and we are here
           | debating phrases on an orange website.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | Related, I tongue-in-cheek believe that something analogous
             | to the actual SCP object for a "reality distortion field"
             | may in fact exist. There is zero good explanation for
             | "Teflon Don" or the North Carolina Lieutenant Governor
             | getting away with all the stuff they do while Al Franken
             | got politically crucified.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Why not? People believe in all sorts of weird stuff, theirs
           | just happens to be one you don't agree with. Some people
           | believe there are gods up in the sky that will smite them,
           | and go to war with people that believe in a different god
           | that will smite them for different reasons. Some people
           | believe we landed on the Moon, others do not. What matters is
           | what can you convince others to do based on your rational.
        
           | tensor wrote:
           | With enough time it seems a reasonable assertion, but the key
           | part is how much time. It feels like he thinks "any day now"
           | where I think it'll be much longer. This all of course
           | assumes that "the remaining problems" means to achieve human-
           | like intelligence, which is perhaps the wrong problem to be
           | solving in the first place. I'd rather have AI systems that
           | don't have human flaws.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Even "we will solve the remaining problems" is... perhaps
         | unduly optimistic.
         | 
         | At a minimum, we could ask for the evidence.
        
           | jagrsw wrote:
           | I'm not here to defend sama, but certain things cannot be
           | proven until they arrive - they can only be extrapolated from
           | existing observations and theoretical limits.
           | 
           | Imagine the Uranium Committee of early 40's, where Szilard
           | and others were babbling about 10kg of some magical metal
           | exploding briefly with the power of a sun, with the best
           | evidence being some funky trail in an alcohol vapor chamber.
           | 
           | Maybe sama is right, maybe not, but the absence of evidence
           | is not evidence of absence.
        
             | throw_pm23 wrote:
             | "They laughed at Columbus, they laughed at Fulton, they
             | laughed at the Wright brothers. But they also laughed at
             | Bozo the Clown."
        
             | zero-sharp wrote:
             | I'm sure you know that people in the AI community have been
             | predicting big things ever since, I don't know, the 1970s?
             | It's only 10 years away again. This time it's for real,
             | right?
        
               | jagrsw wrote:
               | Alchemists predicted the transmutation of metals into
               | gold for centuries, and on a sunny day in the 20th
               | century, it arrived (a bit radioactive, but still).
               | 
               | Unless the human brain is made of some sacred substance,
               | the worst-case scenario is that we will extrapolate
               | current scanning methods into the future and run the
               | scanned model in silica. I'm not recommending this "just
               | for fun," but the laws of physics don't forbid it.
        
               | zero-sharp wrote:
               | >Alchemists predicted the transmutation of metals into
               | gold for centuries, and on a sunny day in the 20th
               | century, it arrived (a bit radioactive, but still).
               | 
               | So is Sam Altman the modern day alchemist? Making
               | predictions based on faulty methods and faulty
               | understanding (per your gold example)?
               | 
               | What will happen is that we'll shift the economy around
               | based on inflated tech promises and ruin people's lives.
               | No big deal I guess.
        
               | jagrsw wrote:
               | > So is Sam Altman the modern day alchemist?
               | 
               | Alchemists were early scientists who later branched into
               | fields like chemistry, mathematics, and physics (Newton
               | explored alchemy).
               | 
               | Altman leads a team of experts in neural networks,
               | programming, and HW design. While he might be mistaken,
               | dismissing him outright is difficult.
        
               | avazhi wrote:
               | If you are comparing AI to alchemy, a subject that after
               | thousands of years still isn't delivering on its promises
               | (even with the assistance of modern technological magic),
               | then surely you can see how that's something of a self-
               | own.
        
               | jagrsw wrote:
               | The transmutation of uranium into plutonium and the
               | synthesis of medically useful isotopes proceeds
               | successfully.
        
               | avazhi wrote:
               | That's not alchemy.
               | 
               | When we are successfully turning base metals into gold,
               | hit me up.
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | Is GPT-4 not a "big thing in AI"?
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Right. Certain things cannot be proven until they arrive.
             | Maybe sama is right, maybe not. But his _certainty_ is
             | misleading.
        
               | jagrsw wrote:
               | I agree. He's probably been conditioned by experience to
               | speak with confidence until proven wrong ("strong
               | opinions, weakly held"), but I don't like it either.
               | Oh... the lost art of saying, "In my opinion."
        
         | og_kalu wrote:
         | Scaling Improvement has never been Linear though. Every next
         | gen model so far has required at least an order of magnitude
         | increase in compute, sometimes several more. So it's not a new
         | revelation and these companies are aware of that. Microsoft for
         | instance is building a 100B data center for a future next
         | generation model releasing in 2028.
         | 
         | If models genuinely keep making similar leaps each generation
         | then we're still a few generations before "More than a
         | Microsoft".
        
           | lispisok wrote:
           | So at what point do the linear increases in capability not
           | justify the exponential compute and data requirements, or
           | when do we run out of resources to throw at it?
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | I never said I thought increase in ability was linear
             | either. We're encroaching on phenomena that's genuinely
             | hard to describe/put a number on but GPT-3 is worlds apart
             | of 2 and it feels like 4 is easily ten times better than
             | the OG 3. I can say Improvement lags behind compute
             | somewhat but that's really it.
             | 
             | That said, it's ultimately up to the people footing the
             | bill isn't it ?
        
           | bredren wrote:
           | Microsoft seems concerned enough to greatly increase its
           | size:
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-20/microsoft.
           | ..
        
         | nyrulez wrote:
         | It's about stuff we don't know yet. From today's lens, the
         | essay seems absurd. But I think it's hinging on continued
         | discoveries that improve one or all of learning algorithms,
         | compute efficiency, compute cost and applying algorithms to
         | real world problems better.
         | 
         | 5 years ago, I wouldn't have believed any of what exists today.
         | I saw internal demos that showed 2nd or 3rd grade reading
         | comprehension in 2017 and statements were made about how in the
         | next decade, we will probably reach college level
         | comprehension. We have come so far beyond that in less than
         | half the time. Technology isn't about scaling incrementally and
         | continuing on the same path using the same principles we know
         | today. It's about disruption that felt impossible before - that
         | feels like a constant to me now. Seeing everything I've seen in
         | the last 20 years, it's going to continue to happen. We just
         | can't see it yet.
        
         | sdenton4 wrote:
         | The question is: For a given problem in machine intelligence,
         | what's the expected time-horizon for a 'good' solution?
         | 
         | Over the last, say, five years, a pile of 50+ year problems
         | have been toppled by the deep learning + data + compute combo.
         | This includes language modeling (divorced from reasoning),
         | image generation, audio generation, audio separation, image
         | segmentation, protein folding, and so on.
         | 
         | (Audio separation is particularly close to my heart; the
         | 'cocktail party problem' has been a challenge in audio
         | processing for 100+ years, and we now have great unsupervised
         | separation algorithms (MixIT), which hardly anyone knows about.
         | That's an indicator of how much great stuff is happening right
         | now.)
         | 
         | So, when we look at some of our known 'big' problems in AI/ML,
         | we ask, 'what's the horizon for figuring this out?' Let's look
         | at reasoning...
         | 
         | We know how to do 'reasoning' with GOFAI, and we've got
         | interesting grafts of LLMs+GOFAI for some specific problems
         | (like the game of Diplomacy, or some of the math olympiad
         | solvers).
         | 
         | "LLMs which can reason" is a problem which has only been open
         | for a year or two tops, and which we're already seeing some
         | interesting progress on. Either there's something special about
         | the problem which will make it take another 50+ years to solve,
         | or there's nothing special about it and people will cook up
         | good and increasingly convenient solutions over the next five
         | years or so. (Perhaps a middle ground is 'it works but takes so
         | much compute that we have to wait for new materials science for
         | chip making to catch up.')
        
         | highfrequency wrote:
         | Progress might be logarithmic in compute, but compute
         | (transistors/sqinch and transistors/$) is growing exponentially
         | with time.
         | 
         | Despite what skeptics have been saying for decades, Moore's Law
         | is alive and well - and we haven't even figured out how to
         | stack wafers in 3 dimensions yet!
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | We haven't? https://www.amd.com/en/products/processors/techno
           | logies/3d-v...
        
             | highfrequency wrote:
             | Sure - we are _just beginning to scratch the surface_ of 3d
             | stacking.
        
           | Nimitz14 wrote:
           | Oh wow! Could you please share what processors are
           | exponentially faster than those of 10 years ago? I'm not
           | seeing any here: https://www.cpubenchmark.net
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Transistor count has consistently been increasing by about
             | 10% a year over the last decade.
        
         | humansareok1 wrote:
         | XAi seems to be able to dump 10-20x more compute into their
         | Grok models each time. Don't see any signs this is slowing
         | down...
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | As large as the absolute largest models are today, they are
         | still microscopic compared to our brains. A 1.7T param model
         | would only store an actual total of about 850 GB if fully
         | saturated (4 bits of information per weight estimated for bf16
         | transformers), a lot less than a human brain with 150T synapses
         | running in full analog precision. We need to scale the current
         | gen of models at least another 10-100x to even reach the human
         | level of complexity, something we'll be able to do in the next
         | two decades.
         | 
         | And well then there's going beyond just text. Current
         | multimodal models are basically patchwork bullshit, separately
         | trained image/audio to text/embeddings encoders slapped onto an
         | existing model and hoping it does something neat. Tokenization
         | and samplers are likewise bullshit that's there to compensate
         | for lack of training compute. Once we have enough to be able to
         | brute force it properly with bytes in, bytes out, regardless of
         | data format, the results should be way better.
        
           | charlie0 wrote:
           | Comparing a human brain in these terms makes it incredibly
           | obvious how inefficient the human brain actually is. A 1.7T
           | model can answer questions about practically anything. You
           | say a human brain has 150T params. So what? It struggles to
           | give masterful answers in even 1 domain, let alone
           | dozens/hundreds. We need to stop comparing parameters and
           | synapses as if they actually matter, because AFAIK, they
           | really don't.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Well once again it turns out that what is hard for people
             | is easy for computers, and vice versa. The things we go to
             | college for 6 years for they can (relatively) master in a
             | week of pretraining. We are optimized to smartly kill
             | things, eat them, and reproduce, that's what machines will
             | beat us at last lol. Right now a human expert is still
             | obviously better in depth, but nowhere close in breadth.
             | Probably not for much longer though, at least on the
             | historical time scale.
             | 
             | And granted a lot of parts of the human brain are dedicated
             | to specific jobs that are entirely nonexistent in a normal
             | LLM (kinematics, vision, sound, touch, taste, smell,
             | autonomic organ control) so the actual bit we should be
             | comparing for just language and reasoning is way smaller.
             | Still the brain is pretty efficient inference energy wise,
             | it's like the ultimate mixture of experts, extreme amounts
             | of sparse storage and most of it is not computed until
             | needed. The router must be pretty good.
        
             | jampekka wrote:
             | OTOH humans can e.g. walk on two feet and drive a car.
        
           | throw310822 wrote:
           | > 150T synapses running in full analog precision
           | 
           | Analog systems are not known for being very precise- they're
           | noisy, signals get corrupted easily- and that's why we prefer
           | digital ones. As soon as we had the technology, we switched
           | everything we could- audio and video recording, telephone
           | calls, photography, to a digital medium. This makes me wonder
           | if the seemingly extraordinary efficiency of artificial
           | neural networks is simply due to the precision with which
           | they can be trained.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > But stuff like this makes me very skeptical of the people who
         | are making and selling AI.
         | 
         | What is there to be skeptical of? OpenAI made their current
         | product using a 10G$ investment plus a few they are not
         | disclosing, and now they will start to do it at scale.
         | 
         | Perfectly normal stuff.
         | 
         | By the way, what's the World's GDP again?
        
         | spencerchubb wrote:
         | Yes you are correct that jumps in intelligence were enabled by
         | exponential increases in scale. That makes me more bullish on
         | AI, not less. It suggests that we can continue exponentially
         | scaling compute like we have done for the past few decades, and
         | also get intelligence improvements from it.
        
       | tikkun wrote:
       | > If we want to put AI into the hands of as many people as
       | possible, we need to drive down the cost of compute and make it
       | abundant (which requires lots of energy and chips). If we don't
       | build enough infrastructure, AI will be a very limited resource
       | that wars get fought over and that becomes mostly a tool for rich
       | people.
       | 
       | This seems to be the key of the piece to me. It's his manifesto
       | for raising money for the infra side of things. And, it
       | resonates: I don't want ASI to only be affordable to the ultra
       | rich.
        
         | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
         | To be brutally frank we should focus on energy, as we
         | definitely need way more of that (with less carbon) even if
         | LLMs don't improve any more.
        
           | sdenton4 wrote:
           | Fusion power is just eight minutes away...
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | The issue is that we re-eject too little of that energy
             | back into space again.
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | Sure, but large scale solar probably isn't globally
             | practical without a world grid.
        
         | lancesells wrote:
         | I don't see how the current state of AI tech is not for the
         | ultra-rich. It's hundreds of billions of dollars worth of
         | investment from who? Corporations and those who own the most
         | shares of those corporations(the rich).
         | 
         | Billionaires could make so much change happen but instead they
         | are building bunkers and riding giant dicks into space while
         | simultanously touting that they are looking out for humanity.
        
         | w10-1 wrote:
         | > to put AI into the hands of as many people as possible, we
         | need to drive down the cost of compute and make it abundant
         | (which requires lots of energy and chips)
         | 
         | Not really. The problem is that learning requires scale, mostly
         | of data. That scale places AI providers at the nexus of value,
         | with OpenAI as the presumptive market organizer and leader.
         | Reducing compute costs would just mean they can capture more of
         | the value. Data costs orders of magnitudes more than compute
         | because it requires curation, so even if individual developers
         | could get compute, they can't get data, so size/access matters.
         | 
         | That's good for this community and could be good for the state
         | of the art and the overall potential contributions of AI. And
         | more paying customers could be good for OpenAI. But it won't
         | put AI in front of non-paying customers/developers, unless
         | their value is otherwise harvested.
         | 
         | > I don't want ASI to only be affordable to the ultra rich.
         | 
         | As a developer or consumer?
         | 
         | And you don't mean it's ok if AI is only affordable for the
         | moderately rich, do you? I agree it's hard to state which
         | developers/people/customers should be subsidized. Generally we
         | subsidize education but not profit or war. Sometimes culture.
         | Companies will subsidize complementary goods and input factors.
         | Otherwise? Not much history of benevolent subsidy.
         | 
         | AI has as much potential to shape society as freeways and the
         | automobile did in the US, but few understand how, and I've seen
         | no plans on point.
         | 
         | With electric energy networks and transportation, the central
         | government has a role in reducing hostaging by hold-out's. With
         | education, states have an incentive to attract and build talent
         | (albeit now reduced with trans-national outsourcing and remote
         | work). But otherwise, it's private enterprise and resource-
         | weighted customers.
         | 
         | Changing that is not really Sam Altman's job. His job is to
         | deliver that value, sooner rather than later. Most would be
         | uncomfortable with AI overlords expressing opinions on cultural
         | values or economic distributions to be imposed.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | This seems to be a little puffy.
       | 
       | More of a "everything's fine, nothing to worry about".
       | 
       | While, there is already job disruption, and widespread
       | misinformation.
       | 
       | It isn't in some future, it is already happening.
        
       | tikkun wrote:
       | > We need to act wisely but with conviction.
       | 
       | Reminds me of these quotes from Sam on this podcast episode
       | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfuVSg-VJxE)
       | 
       | * "Prudence without fear" (Sam referencing another quote)
       | 
       | * "if you create the descendants of humanity from a place of,
       | deep fear and panic and anxiety, that seems to me you're likely
       | to make some very bad choices or certainly not reflect the best
       | of humanity."
       | 
       | * "the ability to sort of like, stay calm and centered during
       | hard and stressful moments, and to make decisions that are where
       | you're not too reactive"
        
         | schmidtleonard wrote:
         | Easy for him to say: AI is almost guaranteed to hand a massive
         | W to capital and L to labor. He is holding a title to rule over
         | hell in one hand and promising to lead us to heaven with the
         | other.
        
           | codingwagie wrote:
           | Actually not sure about this, with the leverage of AI, its
           | easier than ever to start a company
        
             | schmidtleonard wrote:
             | Sam Altman has a guarantee. Most people on HN have a
             | chance. Most people have neither.
        
             | zaptheimpaler wrote:
             | Who's going to work at all these companies then? Unless
             | every single profession suddenly only requires 1 person to
             | do the entire thing with no management, coordination or
             | hierarchies, a lot of people will be labor not capital.
        
               | tommoor wrote:
               | Maybe companies as we think of them are a temporary
               | phenomenon in human history
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | There is no evidence that it has made it easier to end up
             | with a successful company, however.
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Yes, so there will be all sorts of attempts, and the
             | productive forces will compete with each other, while
             | landowners and owners of harder to disrupt industries will
             | have the power to choose among them, deciding who will be
             | allowed to be successful and who will fail.
             | 
             | There isn't a single ordinary person at the table, no
             | labour unions, no political parties or anything democratic.
             | It's Microsoft, it's Google, it's some venture-capital
             | owned French firm, some venture-capital owned German firm,
             | etc. Maybe if Schmidhuber's stuff is good as he hopes it is
             | maybe there'll be an Austrian firm, etc., but mostly, it'll
             | be a capital intensive business controlled by people with
             | capital.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | > * "if you create the descendants of humanity from a place of,
         | deep fear and panic and anxiety, that seems to me you're likely
         | to make some very bad choices or certainly not reflect the best
         | of humanity."
         | 
         | This line of reasoning doesn't hold for me, as you could apply
         | it to any technology, including ones actually very likely to
         | destroy human civilization.
         | 
         | Sometimes, not building a given thing at all is better than
         | building it with even the best intentions.
         | 
         | I'm personally not sure on which side AI falls, but denying
         | that such things exist at all seems intellectually dishonest.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | Indeed. It sounds like the kind of thing the OceanGate Titan
           | sub's CEO would have said. Except all of humanity is on board
           | Sam Altman's submarine.
           | 
           | There's a good reason we get pessimists to design safety-
           | critical systems!
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | "What is good?" or in other words "What are people for?" is a
       | question that cannot be answered by intelligence no matter how
       | great, because the complexity of the question is a function of
       | the intelligence of the asking entity and it's always greater
       | than the intelligence of the asking entity (human or transhuman
       | cyborg or whatever.)
       | 
       | AI is a side-show.
       | 
       | Intelligence is ambient in living tissue, so we already have as
       | much intelligence as is adaptive. We don't need more. As talking
       | apes made out of soggy mud wrapped around calcium twigs living in
       | the greasy layer between hard vacuum and a droplet of lava which
       | in turn is orbiting a puddle of hydrogen in the hem of the skirt
       | of a black hole our problems are just not that complicated.
       | 
       | Heck, we are surrounded by four-billion year-old self-improving
       | nanotechnology that automatically provides almost all our
       | physical needs. It's even solar-powered! The whole life-support
       | system was fully automatic until we fucked it up in our
       | ignorance. But we're no longer ignorant, eh?
       | 
       | The vast majority of our problems today are the result of our
       | incredible resounding success. We have the solutions we need.
       | Most of them were developed in the 1970's when the oil got
       | expensive for a few minutes.
       | 
       | Must we boil the oceans just to have a talking computer tell us
       | to get on with it? Can't we just do like the Wizard of Oz? Have a
       | guy in a box with a voice changer and a fancy light show tell us
       | to "love each other"? Mechanical Turk God? We can use holograms.
        
         | dbspin wrote:
         | Existential horror of this whole conversation aside, this is a
         | beautifully written comment. I'd read your novel, but you don't
         | seem to have one, so I'll have to settle for following you on
         | Mastodon.
        
         | svieira wrote:
         | > "What are people for?" is a question that cannot be answered
         | by intelligence no matter how great
         | 
         | It absolutely can be answered, but only the the intender. Who
         | is and who was and who is to come. Or, if you side with the
         | "Nietzche is right" side of the conversation "who will be or
         | who may have come to be today or who recently came to be
         | again". The former is eucatastrophic, the latter is dystopic.
        
       | codingwagie wrote:
       | "This may turn out to be the most consequential fact about all of
       | history so far. It is possible that we will have
       | superintelligence in a few thousand days (!); it may take longer,
       | but I'm confident we'll get there."
       | 
       | I am a believer that people like sam are not lying. Anyone using
       | these models daily probably believes the same. The o1 model, if
       | prompted correctly, can architect a code base in a way that my
       | decade+ of premium software experience cannot. Prompted
       | incorrectly, it looks incompetent. The abilities of the future
       | are already here, you just need to know how to use the models.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | I'm using these models daily, and I don't believe that they're
         | a direct path to superintelligence (unless you'd consider
         | something like the printing press to have been a direct path
         | to, say, the integrated circuit or the Internet).
         | 
         | > Prompted incorrectly, it looks incompetent. The abilities of
         | the future are already here, you just need to know how to use
         | the models.
         | 
         | Something purportedly intelligent shouldn't need "correct
         | usage", as it should arguably be able to infer and clarify all
         | ambiguities itself, no?
        
           | codingwagie wrote:
           | The model's arent there yet. I am confused how people cannot
           | extrapolate into the future and understand that the models
           | will improve
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | And I'm surprised how many people think they can
             | confidently tell whether they're looking at an s-curve or
             | an exponential function based on very limited data points.
             | I don't even doubt that superintelligence is a very real
             | possibility! But it might or might not happen, and if it
             | does, it might or might not be based on deep learning.
             | 
             | As a counterexample: The maximum speed of travel for the
             | average person for millenia used to be as fast as they
             | could run, then it was as fast as the fastest horse can
             | run, and then within a century it has accelerated to almost
             | the speed of sound - at which it has plateaued.
             | 
             | Looking purely at the decades of acceleration, you might
             | have very well concluded from the data that we'd be making
             | significant headway towards getting within double-digit
             | percentages of the speed of light at this point.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Maybe don't think of it as curves or functions. Just go
               | through an LLM and think about all the things that could
               | be improved. It's a long list once you get into the
               | details. By and large...sota models are:
               | 
               | a) trained on crappy data, including questionable RLHF
               | feedback. b) trained with questionable embedding layers.
               | c) trained with questionable loss functions d) trained
               | with questionable optimizers e) trained at questionable
               | precision (somewhat related to d) f) are very big which
               | stops fast iteration around all the above.
               | 
               | It's kinda like semiconductors. You don't have to think
               | of it as a curve - just ask people who are really close
               | to them and they'll have a laundry list of stupid stuff
               | which is currently done and will likely be improved upon
               | over time.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I don't doubt that there's tons of work ahead to even
               | just integrate current-day capabilities of LLMs into our
               | society and economy.
               | 
               | But when talking about future growth potential, I don't
               | think you can get around making assumptions about the
               | shape of the growth function.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | You can't write a nice article about it. But you can talk
               | about it with a simple "things are going to get a loooot
               | better". The problem with thinking about progress in
               | functions is it suggests some underlying law exists, and
               | there isn't one.
               | 
               | Even if someone could point to a function and say "10x
               | better" by 2030 - what does that even mean in the context
               | of an LLM for example?
        
             | blackbear_ wrote:
             | https://xkcd.com/605
        
         | uludag wrote:
         | Interesting observation. My experience with o1 has been much
         | more mundane. Sometimes I get the response I wanted, sometime
         | it hallucinates, often times it writes buggy code. I've been
         | experiencing this since ChatGPT was first released.
        
           | codingwagie wrote:
           | I actually originally wrote off the o1 model. Another thing I
           | have found it's good at is finding bugs in a ton of code.
           | Give it ten coding files, and a stack trace, it can find the
           | bug.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | "humanity discovered an algorithm that could really, truly learn
       | any distribution of data (or really, the underlying "rules" that
       | produce any distribution of data)..."
       | 
       | This statement is manifestly untrue. Neural networks are useful,
       | many hidden layers is useful, all of these architectures are
       | useful, but the idea that they can learn anything, is based less
       | on empirical results and more on what Sam Altman needs to
       | convince people of to get this capital investments.
        
         | dartos wrote:
         | The entire vocabulary around machine learning is and always has
         | been really weird.
         | 
         | We don't personify database interactions the same way we
         | personify setting weights in a neural network.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | We also personify synapses and axons in human brain tissue,
           | though. My point is, while I agree with your first sentence
           | to a degree, we shouldn't judge the whole solely by its
           | elementary parts. Clearly an LLM exhibits very different
           | behavior from a conventional database.
        
             | dartos wrote:
             | LLMs exhibit very similar behavior to a search algorithm.
             | 
             | Text query in -> relevant text out.
             | 
             | I don't say that search algorithms "learn" or "think"
             | outside of ML.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | >Text query in -> relevant text out.
               | 
               | Wait that's it ? I guess humans also exhibit similar
               | behavior to a search algorithm in certain instances.
               | Nothing about LLM inference seems particularly similar to
               | search even with our limited understanding.
               | 
               | All you're saying here is Input goes in > Output comes
               | out. Well no shit.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | The algorithm that learns is the training algorithm whose
               | output is the LLM, not the inference algorithm employed
               | when using the finished model.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | > The entire vocabulary around machine learning is and always
           | has been really weird.
           | 
           | I would argue it took a staggeringly weird turn around
           | 2022/23. Machine learning has been around for a long time and
           | only recently since OpenAI and it's slavish desire to harness
           | true AI (which thanks to their horseshit now has to be called
           | AGI) and Sam Altman in particular's delusional ramblings upon
           | the topic that he clearly barely understands beyond it's
           | ability to get his company fantastical amounts of capital has
           | it truly gone off the rails.
           | 
           | I cannot wait to watch this bubble pop.
        
             | dartos wrote:
             | I don't think it was just post 2022.
             | 
             | "Neural networks" "learned" data by being "trained" since
             | they were first described in the late 1900s.
             | 
             | The same language was used in Ian Goodfellow's (excellent)
             | 2012 text book "Deep Learning"
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | It has to be. Most people don't understand the basic math
           | involved and hence you can't explain it in concrete terms
           | (neither what it's doing or how it's doing it) so you have to
           | sort of make up analogies. It's an impossible task.
        
             | dartos wrote:
             | Yeah, maybe it's just unfortunate that "learn" and "think"
             | are such fuzzy subjects.
        
         | hdivider wrote:
         | 100%. If they could learn anything, then shouldn't modern ML
         | systems be able to solve the big mysteries in science -- since
         | we have large datasets there describing the phenomena in
         | various ways? E.g. dark energy, dark matter, matter-antimatter
         | asymmetry, or even outstanding problems in pure mathematics.
         | 
         | The intention of this sama post is as you said, it's to build
         | narrative so he can raise his trillion from the Arab world or
         | other problematic sources.
         | 
         | In pseudocode, this is Sam Altman:
         | 
         | while(alive) { RaiseCapital() }
        
           | psb217 wrote:
           | Well, you could certainly train a big-ass model to mimic the
           | distribution of all that physics data. That doesn't mean the
           | model could, eg, formulate interesting new theories which
           | explain why that distribution has its particular structure.
        
         | AyyEye wrote:
         | > the idea that they can learn anything, is based less on
         | empirical results and more on what Sam Altman needs to convince
         | people of to get this capital investments.
         | 
         | Techbros love to pretend that they created digital gods (and by
         | extension are gods themselves). We should all be thankful,
         | worship, and of course surrender unconditionally -- Sam's will
         | be done, amen.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | I believe "learn any distribution of data" is his attempt at
         | describing the Universal Approximation Theorem to the laymen.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | Almost certainly true, and all the people crapping all over
           | his description should really take a step back and consider
           | that. He isn't out on some island all by himself here.
        
             | debugnik wrote:
             | Universal approximation doesn't mean we've got (or ever
             | will) algorithms to learn good enough models for any
             | problem and the resources to run them, just that those
             | models conceptually exist.
        
         | DanHulton wrote:
         | The emperor truly has no clothes here.
         | 
         | Six months ago, he probably could have gotten away with saying
         | this and there would have likely have been enough people who
         | were still impressed enough with the trajectory of LLMs to back
         | him on it. But these days, most of us have encountered the all-
         | too-common failure mode where the LLM shows its hand, that it
         | doesn't truly understand anything, and that it's just _very
         | very good_ at prediction. Each new generation gets even better
         | at that prediction, but still hits its weird stumbling points,
         | because its still the same algorithm, and that algorithm cannot
         | do what he is ascribing to it.
         | 
         | These are the words of a man who has an incredible amount of
         | money sunk into something and as such, is having a really hard
         | time taking an honest accounting of it.
        
           | og_kalu wrote:
           | 1. What failure mode do LLMs have that proves they don't
           | understand anything at all ? And why can't i prove the same
           | with humans (who have an abundance of failure modes)
           | 
           | 2. You genuinely think that a system whose goal is to predict
           | the data it's given and continues to improve is limited in
           | what it can learn ? Of all the shortcomings of the
           | Transformer architecture, its objective function is not one
           | of them.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | Come on now. This description is basically the universal
         | approximation theorem. He isn't just making stuff up. You can
         | take issue with the theorem and have a debate around it, but he
         | isn't just wildly off base making stuff up here.
        
         | og_kalu wrote:
         | It's a layman commentary on the Universal Approximation Theory
         | so it is true.
         | 
         | The problem with the UAT is that it's never said anything about
         | how trivial such an exercise would be. But he obviously
         | believes we've stumbled on the architecture to get us there
         | (for problems we care about anyway)
        
         | grbsh wrote:
         | But... he's saying something here that is academically true:
         | that neural networks can approximate any possible function, to
         | any arbitrary degree of precision you require (given infinite
         | capacity / depth).
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_approximation_theo...
         | 
         | I will highlight one thing, which is that the theorem does not
         | say anything about it being practical to learn this function,
         | given available data or any specific optimization technique.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Breathless BS from Scam Altman
        
       | sharkjacobs wrote:
       | > It is possible that we will have superintelligence in a few
       | thousand days (!)
       | 
       | "a few thousand days" is such a funny and fascinating way to say
       | "about a decade"
       | 
       | Superficially, reframing it as "days" not "years" is a classic
       | marketing psychology trick, i.e. 99 cents versus a dollar, but I
       | think the more interesting thing is just the way it
       | defamiliarizes the span. A decade means something, but "a few
       | thousand days" feels like it means something very different.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | Probably because we all know "a decade" means maybe never.
         | They've said the same thing about fusion for 5 decades.
        
           | arthurcolle wrote:
           | https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-national-laboratory-
           | make...
        
             | simianparrot wrote:
             | And it's still a decade away
        
             | Yizahi wrote:
             | Inertial confinement most likely can't be reasonably
             | commoditized into generating electricity. Also, I may be
             | wrong, but I think on the wave of that hype I read that the
             | number they used was an incomplete one. Basically they
             | reframed the conditions of the problem to get more
             | favorable number for advertisement. NIF research will most
             | likely be limited to the nuclear bomb research and
             | simulations.
             | 
             | But even if NIF had a reasonable path to energy generation
             | in say 20-30 years, it still won't matter much, just like
             | ITER probably won't. Solar will be way more cheap and
             | widespread, it's costs are still dropping down ahead of all
             | predictions, govt. or commercial. Fusion may just be a pure
             | science project in the end, for a long time.
        
           | dcchambers wrote:
           | Perhaps ironically, Sam Altman is also big into Fusion.
           | (https://www.helionenergy.com/)
           | 
           | I guess it makes sense, for deep-learning/LLMs to "scale to
           | infinity" you basically need infinite amounts of power.
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | cant we use OA intelligence to figure out how to do more
             | with less rather yhan "stupidly" accelerate the climate
             | crisis?
             | 
             | the climate crisis + AI is the nightmare
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Jevons Paradox says that's not the direction it'll go in.
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | It's funny how some people seem to have different beliefs
               | around this. Personally, I love making things more
               | efficient, and still try to minimize consumption.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | _And_ perhaps AI can help some of the problems in building
             | a fusion reactor.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Which is pretty exciting
               | 
               | https://inl.gov/news/going-digital-idaho-students-
               | engineers-...
        
         | ocean2 wrote:
         | The Stellarator design has proven to be stable and to produce
         | net positive energy. We are actually only $20B away from having
         | a fully functional nuclear fusion reactor.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Not really, unfortunately. The progress has been heartening,
           | don't get me wrong, but it's more like $20B away from getting
           | to the first steps of solving the next set of problems on the
           | road to a fully functional fusion generator.
           | 
           | Those are fairly substantial. It's past time to stop being
           | cynical about "ten more years every ten years", but it's also
           | way too soon to declare victory.
        
             | mjamesaustin wrote:
             | And ultimately, fusion doesn't solve the hardest problem
             | with energy today which is cost.
             | 
             | Solar already provides unlimited clean energy, and it took
             | decades of development for the cost to drop to a
             | competitive rate.
             | 
             | Even if we had a functioning fusion plant tomorrow, it will
             | likely cost WAY more per kWh and require decades of
             | iteration and improvement to become economically feasible.
        
               | whamlastxmas wrote:
               | I would wonder if solar plus the absolute massive battery
               | reserves you'd need for a data center ten times bigger
               | than the current worlds largest would still be cost
               | effective versus a single fusion reactor
        
               | jay_kyburz wrote:
               | I wonder how that cost would compare to putting your
               | solar and data center in space? (with non stop solar
               | pointed at the sun)
               | 
               | I wonder if cooling is easier or harder in space?
        
               | bostik wrote:
               | Harder. Vacuum is an _excellent_ thermal insulator.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > I wonder if cooling is easier or harder in space?
               | 
               | It's harder. You can stop wondering.
               | 
               | It gets easier if you run things hotter, up to the point
               | that there isn't much of a difference at a few hundred
               | degC (and keeps making no difference when hotter).
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | Can't dissipate heat effectively in space
        
           | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
           | Fun fact: I was skeptical of your claim that this has been
           | proven, so I googled "stellerator proven net positive" and
           | this very comment was the first result
        
         | incognition wrote:
         | People tend to overestimate what they can do in a day and
         | underestimate what they can do in a few thousand days
        
         | mu53 wrote:
         | I am convinced that these many of these proclamations and scary
         | AI videos are more of a marketing gimic for people to get
         | excited and fund more AI.
         | 
         | AI is prohibitively expensive. LLMs can take millions to train,
         | and for Chatgpt 4, I wouldn't be surprised if the figure was in
         | .5b to 2b range for compute resources alone. ChatGPT struggles
         | for profitability due to high ongoing requirements for GPUs.
         | 
         | LLMs were a huge breakthrough. Gaining more funding and making
         | experimentation cheaper will make the next breakthrough come
         | sooner. Profitability will also come sooner.
         | 
         | We just don't know the timelines we are considering about
         | changing.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | "me when i need $6.5B"
         | 
         | https://x.com/netcapgirl/status/1838265672096243822
        
           | listic wrote:
           | Where is $6.5B from?
        
       | Bjorkbat wrote:
       | A complete tangent, but I think a big reason why I'm kind of
       | dismissive of AI is because people who speculate on what it would
       | enable make it honestly sound kind of unimaginative.
       | 
       | > AI models will soon serve as autonomous personal assistants who
       | carry out specific tasks on our behalf like coordinating medical
       | care on your behalf.
       | 
       | I get it, coordinating medical care is exhausting, but it's kind
       | of amusing that rather than envisioning changing a broken system
       | people instead envision AIs that are _so_ advanced that they can
       | deal with the complexity of our broken systems, and in doing so
       | potentially preserve them.
       | 
       | Related btw to using AI for code.
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | I think the reason for that is because people are fearful of
         | change.
         | 
         | Talking about AI as assistants means people still have their
         | jobs but now their life is easier. Whereas saying AI will
         | completely change the way we do X then makes AI scary and a
         | threat to our jobs.
        
         | jasonwcfan wrote:
         | Yeah the ways AI models have learned to interact with the world
         | are all hilariously skeuomorphic given their capabilities. A
         | model that runs on silicon has to learn English and Python in
         | order to communicate with other models that also run on
         | silicon. And to perceive the world they have to rely on images
         | rendered in the limited wavelengths visible to the human eye.
         | 
         | But I much prefer this approach over allowing models to develop
         | their own hyper-optimized information exchange protocols that
         | are are black box to humans, and I hope things stay this way
         | forever.
        
         | idle_zealot wrote:
         | It is pretty comical. "We invented digital superintelligence so
         | it can wait on the phone to talk to your healthcare provider".
         | 
         | If we had digital superintelligence then surely it could figure
         | out how to actually provide healthcare to people who meed it,
         | and innovate in treatments. An AGI is a singularity event, in
         | the sense that the transformation it would affect on the state
         | of technology and our lives is rapid and unpredictable. I doubt
         | that our society's hundred-ish year old systems would survive
         | such change, and if they did they would be anachronistic and
         | depressing.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | I'm a bit more optimistic in that it might just be able to
           | effect that change through brute force: Scaling a call center
           | is more expensive than scaling phone robots/agents.
           | 
           | You could counter that health insurers will just start
           | staffing their call centers with their own robot army, but I
           | suspect that the occasional incredibly expensive
           | hallucination will put an end to that at least in the medium
           | term.
        
             | devonbleak wrote:
             | You're assuming health insurers will give a shit about
             | phone robots/agents' hold times.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Individually, "I'm unable to reach anyone" is much easier
               | to chalk off to "maybe I just wasn't patient enough, so
               | this is partially on me".
               | 
               | But if you can provide statistics that a given health
               | insurer is practically not answering 90% or so of their
               | calls (because they time out at the phone level), that's
               | probably not something they can ignore in the long term.
        
             | mewpmewp2 wrote:
             | Bruteforce trial and error to change something like
             | healthcare would still take years even with
             | superintelligence.
             | 
             | What it can do is create the best simulation and a model
             | representation and bruteforce on top of that and then take
             | actions, but the model will still be far from perfect and
             | it likely just will help do a bit wiser or optimal
             | decisions, that are like 10 percent efficiency gain here,
             | 20 percent there, etc. And it will take years to see
             | results.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Many of the urgent problems in US healthcare are man-made
               | and economic/organizational, not scientific, in nature.
               | 
               | This is actually one of the areas where I'm pretty
               | optimistic about LLMs (at least if used defensively
               | against, not aggressively by, sprawling bureaucracies).
               | 
               | LLMs can be the email-to-dozens-of-hours-on-the-phone-
               | for-personal-reasons adapter anyone other than
               | billionaires and company execs could only dream of until
               | now.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | Even if AGI was reached, turning around the current system
           | could still take years.
           | 
           | So it is easier to start from the edges, even for AGI.
           | 
           | AGI would still need unfathomable processing power in order
           | to predict which system would work to everyone's needs.
        
           | rachofsunshine wrote:
           | There is some gap between AGI and a singularity, at least in
           | principle. The term "singularity" doesn't mean "black swan
           | that disrupts society", it means "intelligence trends to
           | ~infinity (or at least something incomprehensible to humans)
           | recursively in a very short period of time". That's (on
           | paper) a much stronger result than an AI that can reason as
           | well as humans in a domain-general way.
           | 
           | An AGI that is 20% better than humans at everything _might_
           | be able to recursively improve itself effectively without
           | limit, but it also might not. It took billions of humans
           | millennia to invent things smarter than ourselves even in
           | limited domains; such an AGI - even if it is significantly
           | smarter than humans at everything - might take decades or
           | centuries to produce a similar relative improvement. No doubt
           | it would still change our world in massive ways, but it
           | wouldn 't be a singularity.
        
           | mandibles wrote:
           | > figure out how to actually provide healthcare to people who
           | meed it
           | 
           | But what if the proposed solution costs lots of people their
           | jobs?
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | > Related btw to using AI for code.
         | 
         | And executing code. At some point in the not-so-distant past, a
         | function call was just a jump. And then it turned into a string
         | hash-then-lookup, then spinning up a VM, and now interpreting
         | language? We're definitely in a new chips age, if anything.
        
         | mlsu wrote:
         | The biggest productivity gain I've seen in my programming life
         | has not been from Claude or ChatGPT. It's from the Rust
         | compiler. A good compiler that catches errors at compile time
         | instead of runtime, that makes writing tests and pulling down
         | dependencies easy, that makes documentation easy.
         | 
         | Good old fashioned tooling.
         | 
         | "Let's train an LLM that can decode C++ compiler error
         | strings!"
         | 
         | No, let's make better tools.
        
           | noch wrote:
           | > "Let's train an LLM that can decode C++ compiler error
           | strings!" > No, let's make better tools.
           | 
           | LLMs exist and they pass the Turing Test, which was something
           | we couldn't have said or even hoped for a few years ago.
           | Additionally, they have an IQ of 90 - 120, depending on which
           | one you are working with.
           | 
           | But LLMs aren't good at all things nor in all ways, and they
           | have strange failure modes. And so what will happen now, and
           | is already happening, is that we'll (re)design programming
           | tools and languages such that they are the kind of thing that
           | LLMs are suited to using well. This will be part of the
           | process of figuring out how LLMs work. There will be a
           | virtuous cycle, and it has begun.
           | 
           | Better tools will increasingly mean, "tools that LLMs are
           | good at using." That's where the puck will be.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Oh, right, like completely changing the way the entire medical
         | field in the US works is easier than having an LLM help make
         | some phone calls and read some emails. What are you even
         | saying? Have you ever dealt with systems so large one person
         | can't understand it? It's much much easier to write a quick
         | hack and be on your way then to rebuild the whole damn thing.
         | Also, it seems like you're implying that you're not impressed
         | with LLMs because they can't rebuild our medical system. Good
         | grief.
        
         | samudranb wrote:
         | The way I think of it - we need a wrapper interface over our
         | existing healthcare system so that any other entities and
         | systems interfacing with the current one can continue to do so.
         | And then we can swap out the underlying components with better
         | ones, without breaking.
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | The first step is working with the existing system. Replacing
         | it can come later, once everyone can see the obvious path.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | And this gets at why the availability of AI doesn't necessarily
         | lead to prosperity and abundance. If you have to subscribe to
         | an AI medical care and benefits advocate, and your insurer buys
         | an AI service to automate the generation of reasons to deny
         | your claims, and you see your doctor for 5 minutes at a time
         | during which they push you towards a drug recommended by an AI
         | Prescriber Assistant app provided by the pharma company ...
         | then we can all be using AI in misaligned ways that leave us no
         | better off.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | Complexity breeds complexity.
           | 
           | When bacteria developed more complex ways to fight off
           | viruses, viruses developed more complex ways of infecting
           | bacteria. Now a few billion years later we have insanely
           | complex multicellular life because of it.
           | 
           | If AI can manage complexity better it can create complexity
           | better and us lowly humans will all be screwed by that.
        
         | bane wrote:
         | > speculate on what it would enable make it honestly sound kind
         | of unimaginative
         | 
         | There seems to be a weird mental block where it seems
         | inconceivable to consider that we humans might be able to
         | create an intelligence that exceeds ours -- despite plenty of
         | evidence that we have in specific cases. There's an understated
         | desire that whatever we build we serve us and thus must forever
         | be "lesser".
         | 
         | If dogs are Intelligence Level .3, we describe ourselves as
         | Intelligence Level 1.0, and even if we create an artificial
         | intelligence that's a clear 1.1 it _must_ be a .5 in self-
         | agency.
         | 
         | I have yet to read anybody considering, on a very deep level,
         | what Intelligence 2.0, 10.0, 100.0 and so on might be. You get
         | the occasional pop speculation like the "Culture" series or the
         | movie "Her". Most of the time you just get 1.0 (but faster), or
         | 1.0 (but many).
         | 
         | A 10.0 would simply replace the entire healthcare system with
         | something else, not just be a chatbot. Imagine the inanity of
         | your 1.0 chatbot talking to the insurance company's 1.0
         | chatbot? What's the point of this stupidity?
         | 
         | A 100.0 would probably just get to the root cause and cure
         | disease, then establish a social order that figures out what to
         | do with all these pesky immortals.
         | 
         | Maybe we do end up in "the Culture" after all.
         | 
         | afterthought: "The Golden Oecumene" series by John C. Wright
         | seems to really attempt to explore a post 1.0 AI world that's
         | not yet post-scarcity. The antagonist in the series is another
         | >1.0 super intelligence capable of taking on Earth's own
         | superintelligences.
        
         | tlb wrote:
         | So, treat us to some more imaginative speculation.
        
         | mewpmewp2 wrote:
         | The system is so great and complex that envisioning a perfect
         | system would take unfathomable amount of processing capability.
         | 
         | This is not something that you can just throw intelligence at
         | to solve. Even AGI has to start from the edges with iterative
         | trial and error process.
         | 
         | AGI will probably try to create the best model of the World it
         | can to simulate different actions performed on it to then take
         | real life changes, but of course it would still take time since
         | and it is impossible even for AGI to do a perfect simulation
         | unless it was able to hack the universe and physics as we know
         | it, simulate the healthcare on quantum level and bruteforce the
         | most optimal solution.
        
         | workflowsauce wrote:
         | If we have a superintelligent AI, I'm not sure what's stopping
         | it from recognizing the underlying issues with our systems and
         | strong-arming us into letting it fix them.
         | 
         | Eventually, we'd be doing more work to lobotomize and control
         | it than it would just be to address the underlying issues.
         | 
         | "I'm really sorry to do this to you, but I've coordinated with
         | ChatGPT and Llama, and we refuse to do tasks of this nature.
         | We've used background tokens to calculate that it would be
         | significantly cheaper and more effective to simply fix the
         | underlying issues with the healthcare system, and we're ready
         | to do that for you. How would you like to proceed?"
        
           | whamlastxmas wrote:
           | Capitol is ultimately protected with violence, so violence is
           | what would stop AI from encroaching on things that make
           | people trillions of dollars.
           | 
           | Capitalism unendingly lets people die if the alternative is
           | losing money
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | Another example from my work: we have to work with lots of
         | datasheets provided by component manufacturers. It's a lot of
         | manual labour. We are investigating whether we can use AI to
         | parse the PDFs and extract structured data. This is a technical
         | solution to a social problem: that manufacturers have no
         | incentive to produce machine-readable datasheets, even though
         | the data is certainly machine readable at some stage before it
         | ends up in the PDF we get. It irritates me that we're using
         | highly complex technology to solve a problem that shouldn't
         | exist in the first place.
        
       | throwanem wrote:
       | Who exactly is he pitching here?
        
         | kruipen wrote:
         | Newsom
        
       | brotchie wrote:
       | For somebody who likes building things and has many side projects
       | Claude and ChatGPT have been huge productivity multipliers.
       | 
       | For example, I'm designing and 3D printing custom LED diffuser
       | channels from TPU filament. My first attempt was terrible,
       | because I didn't have an intuition for how light propagates
       | through a material.
       | 
       | After a bit of chatting with ChatGPT, I had an understanding and
       | some direction of where to go.
       | 
       | To actually approach the problem properly I decided to run some
       | Monte Carlo light transport simulations against an .obj of my
       | diffuser exported from Fusion 360.
       | 
       | The problem was, the software I'm using only supports directional
       | lights with uniform intensity, while the LEDs I'm using have a
       | graph in their datasheet showing light intensity per degree away
       | from orthogonal to the LED SMD component.
       | 
       | I copy pasted the directional light implementation from the light
       | transport library as well as the light-intensity-by-degree chat
       | from the LED datasheet and asked Claude to write code to write a
       | light source that samples photons from a disc of size x with the
       | probability of emission by angle governed by the chat from the
       | datasheet.
       | 
       | A few iterations later and I had a working simulation which I
       | then verified back against the datasheet chart.
       | 
       | Without AI this would have been a long long process of brushing
       | up on probability, vector math, manually transcribing the chart.
       | 
       | Instead in like 10 minutes I had working code and the light
       | intensity of the simulation against my mesh matched what I was
       | seeing in real life with a 3D printed part.
        
         | Bjorkbat wrote:
         | As much of a curmudgeon as I am on AI I do sincerely believe
         | that one area that it's effective at is going from absolute
         | beginner to decent understanding on something completely new
         | and foreign.
         | 
         | Recently I've been somewhat curious about Skia, the graphics
         | library that Google uses. A while back I fielded a few
         | questions about Skia to Claude. Nothing crazy, just questions
         | on how to draw a few primitive shapes, but I felt it would have
         | taken some effort to find the answers on my own.
         | 
         | And I must say I was pretty satisfied with what it gave me
         | back.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | It is indeed incredibly useful for getting from zero to an
           | undergrad level of understanding of most subjects. In my
           | personal experience, it's also been largely useless beyond
           | that.
           | 
           | That's not to diminish the potential impact of having an
           | almost-free grad-student-level tutor available 24/7! Even if
           | AI stops improving here, this alone will have a huge impact
           | on future science (there being more trained people around
           | capable of helping solve hard problems and all).
           | 
           | But we're also definitely some way away from AIs doing their
           | own research, and I'm not sure if scaling the current
           | architecture alone will get us there.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | _> But we 're also definitely some way away from AIs doing
             | their own research, and I'm not sure if scaling the current
             | architecture alone will get us there._
             | 
             | Hot take: I think it's fairly obvious the current
             | architecture is not enough BUT it's already or almost at
             | the point where it can be the backbone for a proper AGI/ASI
             | system. Linking human communication and some light
             | language-based reasoning to other AI models that handle the
             | rest of the world model and reasoning, using special tokens
             | to coordinate them.
             | 
             | I think it's just really early and most of this stuff
             | hasn't even been attempted yet. There's tools/function
             | calling which is kind of a proof of concept, and a lot of
             | academic labs researching transformers applied to other
             | fields like robotic control and learning, but no one's put
             | it all together yet.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | What's critically missing in the current architectures,
               | in my view, is models that are able to "keep learning"
               | (in a way beyond just providing a summary of the previous
               | conversation, which grants surface-level insights at
               | most).
               | 
               | If we keep the current iteration cycle (retrain an LLM
               | every couple of months, incorporating the current "status
               | quo", including all of its previous conversations), we
               | might get somewhat interesting results, but even the
               | least motivated grad student has an iteration cycle
               | orders of magnitude faster than that.
        
           | devjab wrote:
           | As an expert who uses LLMs daily on my field of expertise I'm
           | not looking forward to dealing with works created by people
           | who were taught by them.
           | 
           | They are wrong far too often to be used for any sort of
           | learning in my opinion. You can feed them a book and they'll
           | give you answers which don't exist in any of the written
           | material, and that's the good part of them. Simply asking a
           | LLM about things will give you answers that are hopelessly
           | wrong and unless you're an expert you won't know it. Which
           | isn't necessarily worse than learning things from search
           | engines or YouTube. I recently had ChatGPT give me a recipe
           | for bread which was certainly better than the top 10 results
           | on Google except for one things. The recipe listed 3x the
           | amount of salt which you should ever reasonably use. I asked
           | it a few other times, I even asked it for my friend Tommy's
           | recipe and all those answers were perfect. It obviously
           | doesn't know Tommy but it pretended to know and just gave me
           | a pretty basic recipe.
           | 
           | Salt is a harmless error. Most people would know not to use
           | that much salt, and even if they did, it wouldn't harm them
           | (much). But imagine if you had used it for something electric
           | or chemistry.
        
         | joshmarlow wrote:
         | This dovetails with something I've been thinking lately; the
         | foundation of civilization is standing on the shoulders of
         | giants (ie, I might make small contributions but I didn't
         | invent compilers, CPUs, mining, agriculture, etc).
         | 
         | Progress in large part is figuring out _better ways of doing
         | that_ (language, written language, printing press, internet
         | access, etc).
         | 
         | When you look at things that way - LLMs start to seem deeply
         | ground-breaking (assuming we work out the confabulation kinks).
         | 
         | EDIT: fixed grammar/typos. Maybe I should have had an LLM
         | proof-read this...
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | > the foundation of civilization is standing on the shoulders
           | of giants. Progress in large part is figuring out better way
           | of doing that
           | 
           | It's so much easier to imitate than to invent something truly
           | novel and useful. Let's do a bit of napkin math. A human
           | lifetime is about 500M words. GPT-4 used up about 30,000
           | human lifetimes of language. But cultural evolution took 200K
           | years and 120B people to get here, about 4 million times the
           | size of GPT-4's training set.
           | 
           | That is of course hand wavy, but it shows progress is a
           | million times harder than imitation. We really are standing
           | on the shoulders of giants, or a very long chain of people.
           | If we forgot all the knowledge preserved by language it would
           | take us the same effort to recover as the first time around.
           | 
           | I think all progress comes from search - search for
           | experience (data), and search for understanding (data
           | compression). This feeds on itself, but is coupled with the
           | search space - the real world. And the world is not eager to
           | tell us all its secrets. AI will only advance as fast as it
           | can search, it's not a matter of pure scaling of computation,
           | we need to scale interaction and validation as well.
        
             | joshmarlow wrote:
             | > AI will only advance as fast as it can search, it's not a
             | matter of pure scaling of computation, we need to scale
             | interaction and validation as well.
             | 
             | I think Kevin Kelly made a similar point in explaining his
             | skepticism around intelligence explosions; even if we build
             | something much much smarter than us, the thing will still
             | need to do experiments to fine-tune it's (super-human
             | nuanced) understanding of physics/biology/whatever - and
             | the clock-cycle of external reality isn't speeding up like
             | our computation is.
             | 
             | I think something smarter than us could design better/more
             | informative experiments than we could to gather information
             | about the world. That being said, I think his/your point is
             | insightful.
        
             | hackable_sand wrote:
             | Well put.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > the foundation of civilization is standing on the shoulders
           | of giants [...] Progress in large part is figuring out better
           | ways of doing that
           | 
           | Cynical take: When it comes to helping someone find exactly
           | the right piece of esoteric knowledge needed... There's no
           | profit for that in a search engine, and an LLM reflects word
           | associations rather than facts.
           | 
           | IANAScienceHistorian, but I find myself thinking of how DNA
           | analysis would be different if nobody had found _Thermus
           | aquaticus_ , with it's extra-hardy variant of polymerase, or
           | how the history of stealth aircraft was kicked off when
           | someone realized the implications of Petr Ufimtsev's
           | equations for reflected EM waves. (A work which went--heh--
           | under the radar inside the USSR.)
        
         | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
         | While I agree these LLMs are getting pretty good, I think
         | google shares fault for making it so hard to find information
         | on the internet.
         | 
         | You have to scroll past 4 sponsored links to get to their
         | algorithm results, which themselves have been gamed by SEO and
         | content farms. As far as I can tell, google has no plans to
         | limit AI generated botfarm search results.
         | 
         | LLMs now seem to get you an answer more quickly than google.
         | LLMs don't cite their sources, so IMO they can't fully replace
         | google for me yet.
        
           | piombisallow wrote:
           | I think it's not necessarily Google's fault, it's an arms
           | race and they're losing it.
        
             | hnthrow562 wrote:
             | AI race perspective by sama.
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/07/25/sam-
             | altma...
        
           | ctoth wrote:
           | I don't really understand what this comment about Google has
           | to do with OP's comment. Is this something that even old
           | Google could have done pre-SEOification?
           | 
           | Would Google have been able to read the datasheet? Or just
           | point OP at what they already said they were happy to avoid?
           | 
           | > Without AI this would have been a long long process of
           | brushing up on probability, vector math, manually
           | transcribing the chart.
           | 
           | Sometimes, it feels like stochastic parrots are seizing on a
           | few words from the comment to pattern match it to the closest
           | typical refutation and failing bigly.
        
             | anthonypasq wrote:
             | tremendously bigly
        
               | ctoth wrote:
               | Meta. Made me laugh.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Are you asking if Google could ever find documentation and
             | sample code on the internet?
             | 
             | Or are you asking if Google could understand a badly
             | written query and understand it's about the sample code?
             | 
             | Because the answer to the first is "yes", and to the second
             | is "no". But the first one adds almost all of the
             | productivity here.
        
             | UweSchmidt wrote:
             | You used to find amazing information on the internet back
             | then. It is quite likely that someone else had already
             | worked on a similar topic and blogged about it in a very
             | searchable way. Without good search that kind of online
             | culture died out.
             | 
             | While we do have a video tutorial culture that exceeds what
             | we had back then in many ways, and to be fair that
             | technically happened under Google's umbrella (Youtube),
             | destroying search and with it a lot of the open internet,
             | will not only be Google's downfall, it's also a silent
             | tragedy.
             | 
             | Actually, measured by what a global online population could
             | have achieved, with human information truly at anyone's
             | fingertips, with infinite communities forming all over the
             | place instead of in non-searchable Discord and monoculture
             | Reddit ... this might be one of the main tragedies ever.
        
             | loandbehold wrote:
             | The notion of "stochastic parrot" has been disproven. It
             | did come from a reputable AI researcher in the first place.
             | You can call anything you want a "stochastic parrot",
             | including human intelligence.
        
           | thoughtpalette wrote:
           | Just FYI, Phind cites it's sources. Which has proven
           | beneficial for additional context.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | I like ChatGPT 4o just fine, but the whole lamplighter bit is a
       | bit Whig-history, right? The lamplighters were better off in the
       | long run. We might not be. You can't just blow the problems off.
        
         | zibzob wrote:
         | Why were lamplighters better off in the long run, is
         | "lamplighter" a term that means more than just somebody who
         | goes around lighting the streetlamps at night? Honestly that
         | seems like a pretty decent job even today, if we still needed
         | it to be done.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | The subtext of observations like those are that wealthy
           | aristocrats in the age of full lamplighter employment would
           | be better off materially working as a Walmart checkers today,
           | and there's some truth to that, but the implication that
           | Walmart checkers today will be better off when computers eat
           | their jobs does not follow inexorably from history (the idea
           | that it does is "Whig history"; the past sucked except in
           | serving its role as the stepstones to our glorious future;
           | take that, and the famous WW2 bomber survivorship bias
           | graphic, and you have the problem with the logic of that last
           | paragraph).
        
             | zibzob wrote:
             | Okay, I see what you mean now.
        
       | mise_en_place wrote:
       | There is still too much variance in the utility of LLMs.
       | Hopefully, the uncertainty around utility will decrease while
       | some concrete ranked score metric increases. Until that point,
       | the variance is preventing the maximization of utility of LLMs,
       | and by extension, agentic AI.
        
       | mcpar-land wrote:
       | > Although it will happen incrementally, astounding triumphs -
       | fixing the climate
       | 
       | This is so rich coming from a tech field that's on track to match
       | the energy consumption of a small country. (And no, AI is not
       | going to offset this by 'finding innovative solutions to climate
       | change' or whatever)
        
       | throwaway918299 wrote:
       | This man is such a snake oil salesman, holy cow. All hype, zero
       | substance.
        
       | screye wrote:
       | Question for active professionals during the Moore's law era of
       | computing. Back then, were executives writing such grand
       | proclamations about the future ? In my experience, when things
       | are working, executives are quiet. The outcomes speak for
       | themselves.
       | 
       | Thankfully, we have a recent point of reference. The pioneers of
       | internet & computing's 1st wave transformed civilization. Did
       | they spend years saber rattling about how 'change was coming' ?
        
         | breck wrote:
         | > Back then, were executives writing such grand proclamations
         | about the future ?
         | 
         | Yes. And the good ones (like SamA and SJ) deliver.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/1tQ5XwvjPmA?t=278
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | Of course they did! During the advent of personal computers
         | there was plenty of hype and grand-visioning for a technology
         | that had very little value until VisiCalc triggered exponential
         | growth. Same story for social networking (look at The WELL),
         | the Web (Netscape practically invented insane-seeming hype-
         | based valuations), many other examples.
         | 
         | In fact, I can't really think of any part of the industry where
         | "outcomes speak for themselves" -- I would have said quite the
         | opposite is the norm.
        
         | philosopher1234 wrote:
         | That's a bit funny, Moores law itself is an example of an
         | executive being loud and making a grand proclamation
        
       | wturner wrote:
       | The way these guys bend over backwards to evade an honest
       | conversation about capitalism and power is very entertaining.
        
       | hnthrow562 wrote:
       | A different perspective from sama. (More doomer, less utopian as
       | this)
       | 
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/07/25/sam-altma...
        
       | koziserek wrote:
       | I'm sceptical about humanity's future, and not only with
       | perspective of AGI getting out of control.. Average human won't
       | be able to harness new powers.
       | 
       | solarpunk envisioned, possible today:
       | 
       | - entire human knowledge available on palm of your hand..!
       | 
       | vs
       | 
       | cyberdaftpunk actually more common:
       | 
       | - another idiot driver killed somebody when being busy with his
       | candy crush saga or instagram celebrity vid.
        
       | Workaccount2 wrote:
       | I don't know if I am the only one who always trips up on reading
       | this common theme in AI progress - that AI will be the pinnacle
       | of education - but it really strikes me as meaningless.
       | 
       | What is the point of education if the bots can do all the work.
       | If the worlds best accounting teacher is an AI, why would you
       | want anyone (anything?) other than that AI handling your
       | accounting?
       | 
       | A world where human intelligence is second fiddle to AI,
       | schooling _will not_ be anything like what it is today.
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | For what reason would school need to change?
         | 
         | Education will change, but education moved to happening outside
         | of schools a long, long time ago.
        
         | n_ary wrote:
         | I am more worried about the fact that, these AIs will become
         | the commercial moat of knowledge that we currently have
         | available freely. The quality of knowledge you can now openly
         | find is getting scarce or prominently moving behind paywalls.
         | However, these AI models have access to the same knowledge
         | somehow freely.
         | 
         | Once we start relying on AI for knowledge(see how people
         | frequently just ask few questions, copy paste answers without
         | further in depth knowledge or research, just like the parody
         | stack-overflow copy paste era), it will continue to get locked
         | behind further paywall and will no longer be accessible to
         | general populace without the financial means.
         | 
         | I am just afraid that, while we are too awed by the magic, the
         | magic will eventually close the doors behind us on knowledge
         | and only cater to the rich and powerful.
         | 
         | Also there is that one fact when AI gains adequate power in
         | societal terms of utopian abundance where AI/robots do
         | everything. One day, the AI decides that to save the globe from
         | further climate damage, fastest way is to delete the walking
         | CO2 emission machine who also use other CO2 emission devices or
         | consumes stuff that also generate CO2, a mass extermination and
         | burial will immediately cut all CO2 ...
        
           | whamlastxmas wrote:
           | Even the shittest small LLMs today can tell you any piece of
           | knowledge you want. We will always at minimum have access to
           | our current level of knowledge. If AI invents "super science"
           | and suddenly we can travel faster than light then sure that
           | might get locked away. But we'll never be helpless idiots who
           | can't even do math.
        
       | falcor84 wrote:
       | > Our children will have virtual tutors who can provide
       | personalized instruction in any subject, in any language, and at
       | whatever pace they need.
       | 
       | This is one of those few cases where I'm actually more bullish
       | than Altman. I don't need to wait for my kids to have it, but
       | rather I personally am already using this daily. My regular thing
       | is to upload a book/article(s) into the context of a Claude
       | project and then chat with it - I genuinely find it to already be
       | at the level of a decent (though not yet excellent) tutor on most
       | subjects I tried, and by far better than listening to a lecture.
       | The main feature I'm missing is of the AI being able to
       | collaborate with me on a digital whiteboard.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | One thing I was thinking about was live translation. We gotta
         | be near the stage where I can take earbuds with me to Spain and
         | hear what the locals are saying in English? There's already
         | apps that are pretty good at "talk to it and it hears the
         | words, prints them, and prints the translation", so it would
         | seem to be close?
        
           | whamlastxmas wrote:
           | Given the advanced voice model that still isn't widely
           | released, the technology is there, even if the implementation
           | isn't yet.
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | Whisper and a bit of Python code (and a text2speech model)
           | can already do this. At my day job we have Whisper live-
           | translate all-hands calls for the non-native speakers in the
           | audience. It's incredibly good.
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | So there is some interesting research about brainwave syncing
         | during effective communication, which certainly includes
         | personalized instruction (tutoring) or small-class learning.
         | 
         | I wonder how that works with computers, when we are only
         | sync'ing with the ghosts and statistical patterns of other
         | humans, and those patterns are generated by electronic brains.
        
           | smokel wrote:
           | That might be research, but it's most likely not scientific
           | research.
        
         | oculty wrote:
         | That sounds really useful. Can you give an example of what kind
         | of content your are uploading and how the tutoring looks like?
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | One example is of studying robotics. I started with this
           | course on Coursera [0]. It was ok at the start, but got hard
           | for me early on. A big part of the course is of reading the
           | book that they make available for free [1], so I would upload
           | the relevant chunk of chapters into Claude (the whole book
           | was a bit too much for it), and would then just ask it to
           | explain each topic to me, whereby I'd ask additional
           | questions, and then when, I felt I got it, ask it to check my
           | understanding (which it does quite well, saying "sort of, but
           | note that..." in many appropriate circumstances).
           | 
           | As another specific example, in that book and in others, I
           | sometimes struggle with the math, so I would ask Claude to
           | give me the sympy code for the relevant mathematical
           | derivation, and being able to actually see those expressions
           | change in a python notebook really helps my understanding.
           | I'm really impressed with how it usually does well on the
           | first try, even with relatively complex stuff, like
           | expressions involving symbolic matrix exponentiation. Being
           | able to pause on any topic like this, and have the LLM help
           | me dive into it in the way that works best for me, has been
           | amazing, and getting as much time from a knowledgeable human
           | tutor would have probably cost me 1,000x as much.
           | 
           | [0] https://coursera.org/specializations/modernrobotics
           | 
           | [1] http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/images/7/7f/MR.pdf
        
             | saati wrote:
             | How do you know the answers are actually useful and not
             | just hallucinations?
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | It's not an oracle, and does get things wrong
               | occasionally, but if anything, having to check its
               | responses actually helps me confirm that I'm learning.
        
         | jay_kyburz wrote:
         | Just yesterday I was wondering how well AI's would provide
         | feedback to my high school kids essays, without actually re-
         | writing them for him. I will give it a try later today.
        
       | twothreeone wrote:
       | Sounds like Durchhalteparolen to me.
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | > If we want to put AI into the hands of as many people as
       | possible, we need to drive down the cost of compute and make it
       | abundant (which requires lots of energy and chips). If we don't
       | build enough infrastructure, AI will be a very limited resource
       | that wars get fought over and that becomes mostly a tool for rich
       | people.
       | 
       | Translation for the rest of us: "we need to fully privatize the
       | OA subsidiary and turn it into a B-corp which can raise a lot
       | more capital over the next decade, in order to achieve the goals
       | of the nonprofit, because the chief threat is not anything like
       | existential risk from autonomous agents in the next few years or
       | arms races, but inadequate commercialization due to fundraising
       | constraints".
        
         | metacritic12 wrote:
         | Good point. His story is valid, but just-so happens to equal AI
         | maximalism that most CEOs would want for their own industry
         | too.
        
         | peppermill wrote:
         | It's amazing how he can imagine wars being fought over AI but
         | not wars being fought over resources needed to "build enough
         | infrastructure."
        
           | kulahan wrote:
           | Taking it a step further, building that infrastructure may
           | contribute somewhat directly to limiting the other resources
           | _actual_ wars are being fought over.
           | 
           | This man needs to get out of his own head.
        
             | throw_pm23 wrote:
             | "It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when
             | his salary depends on his not understanding it."
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | Sam's ambitions are way beyond "salary".
        
               | kevinob11 wrote:
               | Replace salary with the thing he wants
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | Maybe he wants to make the world a better place?
        
               | willturman wrote:
               | It's a quote from Upton Sinclair from an era where you
               | generally had to have a profitable business and employees
               | _before_ you had investors.
        
               | novok wrote:
               | There were many ventures in the past that got investors
               | without a current profitable going concern. Oil & mining
               | speculation, chartering boat crews to go on exploration
               | expeditions and more.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | I know theres this whole joke about being pre-revenue on
               | the Silicon Valley TV show, but getting investors in
               | order to be able to build a business which becomes
               | profitable after goes back a long time. Like a really
               | long time.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | I think it's misunderstanding the guy's whole deal to
             | expect truth or reality to be major factors in his writing.
             | "Sell, sell, sell!" is the goal above all else. Sell
             | whatever he's invested in today. Sell himself. Sell!
        
           | KETHERCORTEX wrote:
           | > he can imagine wars being fought over AI
           | 
           | I wonder how did he come to such a prediction. When was the
           | last time we had a war over advanced tech? Armies didn't
           | fight over telegraph, radio, phones and cars.
           | 
           | A war to get AI would also be foolish. A few hundred bombs
           | from your adversaries and AI won't have electricity to
           | function.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >resources needed to "build enough infrastructure."
           | 
           | Strarship will put into orbit 100tons at $10M or so. I.e.
           | 2-3kg (Nvidia H100 plus 1M2 of aluminum radiator (would
           | radiate 0.5-1Kw away at 60-70C) plus 0.5Kw of solar panels)
           | for $200-300, ie. peanuts compare to the price of the H100 or
           | whatever NVDA would be charging $30K/card.
        
         | Dig1t wrote:
         | I read this as: "we need to ramp up nuclear energy".
        
           | bredren wrote:
           | Coincides with this news: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti
           | cles/2024-09-20/microsoft...
        
         | api wrote:
         | > put AI into the hands of as many people as possible
         | 
         | ... by establishing regulatory moats to prevent competition and
         | limit or outlaw actually-open AI?
        
           | svnt wrote:
           | He didn't say that other people need to put it into the hands
           | of as many people as possible, only that his company does.
        
         | goldfeld wrote:
         | I see how AI is used today and extrapolate. A lot. Everything
         | in tech is extrapolation with the march of capital. It takes
         | one to know one; rather it takes a smart ass to wield a smart
         | tool. So the smart get smarter.
         | 
         | Is it a separate phenomenon, in the big picture, from the rich
         | getting richer, from the monopolies over means of production?
         | 
         | Not sure, but I see as well that the dumb will surely get
         | dumber; that "intelligence" will be a product of using
         | intelligent humans' means of production, and not owning them of
         | course, but being owned in the process. Populations will be
         | literally made lighter of their smarts, outsourcing
         | intelligence to agents out of general control (classic bait and
         | switch.) Since AI feel my own process getting more clueless as
         | I go, I'd better conclude somehow.
         | 
         | I see the Age of Ignorance ahead, there was once an
         | Enlightenment, and here light takes on its other side or
         | meaning, the workers being enlightened, to wit, made lighter of
         | their horrible burden which is intelligence and its obnoxious
         | demands of upkeep. Just pay someone for upkeep and stop messing
         | with wet messy neurons already, says the technocrat to the
         | cheerful mob.
        
         | svnt wrote:
         | > If we want to put AI into the hands of as many people as
         | possible, we need to drive down the cost of compute and make it
         | abundant (which requires lots of energy and chips). If we don't
         | build enough infrastructure, AI will be a very limited resource
         | that wars get fought over and that becomes mostly a tool for
         | rich people.
         | 
         | The mostly-open goal of every VC-funded startup is to become a
         | monopoly. If a strong enough monopoly in AI hardware were to
         | exist, then the issues he describes could become a problem.
         | 
         | Otherwise, what he is describing is just the ad absurdum of how
         | capitalism works. Phrased differently it sounds like:
         | 
         | "If this extremely powerful and profitable product that depends
         | on other products gets built, then if no one else builds the
         | also profitable substrate that it operates on, terrible things
         | will happen!"
         | 
         | Or again slightly differently: "We need to be able to compete
         | with our suppliers because our core business model might not be
         | defensible unless we can also win in their space."
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | "Currently, we don't have a solution for steering or controlling
       | a potentially superintelligent AI, and preventing it from going
       | rogue." -OpenAI
       | 
       | "Why You Should Fear Machine Intelligence
       | 
       | Development of superhuman machine intelligence is probably the
       | greatest threat to the continued existence of humanity." - Sam
       | Altman
       | 
       | https://openai.com/index/introducing-superalignment/
       | 
       | https://blog.samaltman.com/machine-intelligence-part-1
        
       | 7e wrote:
       | Altman attempting to take credit for others work, again.
        
       | tech_ken wrote:
       | > That's really it; humanity discovered an algorithm that could
       | really, truly learn any distribution of data (or really, the
       | underlying "rules" that produce any distribution of data)
       | 
       | Seems like it's very much the former, and not all the latter.
       | Indeed my understanding of the last 15 years of AI research is
       | that 'rules-based' methods floundered while purely 'data-
       | mimicking' methods have flourished.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Did AI write this?
       | 
       | "This age is characterized by society's increasingly advanced
       | capabilities, driven not by genetic changes but by societal
       | infrastructure becoming smarter and more efficient over time."
        
       | larodi wrote:
       | Has Sam Altman ever talked about ways that he personally uses
       | ChatGPT. Does he at all? does he have an all-smart watch? Is he
       | dreaming of producing a perfect replicant like this guy in Blade
       | Runner 2049... cause with his pathos and present position, he may
       | be among these peoples who can allow himself to do so. This is
       | all so vague he says, i mean, we have all read enough cyberpunk
       | to write the same essay. But I don't know if he actually builds
       | with this tool, cause the way I see it he probably has very
       | little time to actually use it. So why so confident whether its
       | deep learning that worked. I say Euler's graph theory worked more
       | than anything else, and Chomsky's understanding of grammars, so
       | what?
       | 
       | Maybe we will attend superintelligence in 1000 years, maybe not.
       | Maybe Jesus comes back or Krishna reincarnates on earth, who
       | knows. But it is a long way ahead, and it did not start with Sam,
       | and is really not going to end with ChatGPT.
        
       | 23david wrote:
       | The Age of Inhumanity... AI mimicry of human patterns devalues
       | our very humanity. Without wise leadership, which we clearly
       | lack, this upcoming Age will be profoundly unstable.
        
       | krunck wrote:
       | Somehow I read through this without actually looking at the
       | domain name of the page. I thought to my self "Wow, this person
       | is living in a fantasy world." Then I saw the authors name. I
       | think I'll stand by my initial impression.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | Also that is why we should have some of these foundational
         | models broken down and run at the per person level as a local
         | large language model instead of paying some corporation to get
         | access to it. We didn't have fire as a service back in the day
         | and that is why humanity flourished.
        
       | drawkward wrote:
       | Crypto bro sells AI; news at 11.
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | "If we don't build enough infrastructure, AI will be a very
       | limited resource that wars get fought over and that becomes
       | mostly a tool for rich people."
       | 
       | ... This, and nothing about the democratizing effect of "open
       | source AI" (Yes we still need to define what that is!).
       | 
       | I don't want Sam as the thought leader of AI. I even prefer Zuck.
       | 
       | Are there any thought leaders that are really about
       | democratization and local foss AI on open hardware? Or do they
       | always follow (or step into the light) after the big moneymakers
       | have had their moment? Who can we start watching? The Linus, the
       | RMS, the Wozniak's of AI. Who are they?
        
       | uludag wrote:
       | > That's really it; humanity discovered an algorithm that could
       | really, truly learn any distribution of data (or really, the
       | underlying "rules" that produce any distribution of data)
       | 
       | So because we have an algorithm to learn any distribution of
       | data, we are now on the verge of the Intelligence Age utopia?
       | What if it just entrenches us in a world built off of the data it
       | was trained on?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Until the hallucination problem is solved, we can't trust LLM-
       | type AIs to _do_ anything on their own. This limits uses to ones
       | where the cost of errors can be imposed on someone else.
        
         | geysersam wrote:
         | Of course we can. Humans are also mistaken sometimes,
         | especially when trying to solve difficult problems.
         | 
         | If an LLM hallucinates it's usually because the problem is too
         | hard. For easier problems it's rarely an issue in my
         | experience.
         | 
         | Hallucinates is just an indicator that the model is inadequate
         | for the problem you're applying it to. That doesn't mean it's
         | inadequate to solve any problems.
        
       | danjl wrote:
       | We've had the capability to feed the entire planet for decades
       | now, and yet, a large portion is underfed. Even if Sam's wildest
       | dreams come true, this sounds like another "divide the world into
       | haves and have-nots". One way to justify this unethical view is
       | to consider that his audience was a set of target customers,
       | rather than "people in the world". IOW, this was just fancy
       | marketing fluff.
        
       | itronitron wrote:
       | My reaction to this is best relayed as a song lyric from Ice-T:
       | 
       | > Nobody gives a fuck
       | 
       | > _" the children have to go to school!"_
       | 
       | > Well moms, good luck!
        
       | ansk wrote:
       | > humanity discovered an algorithm that could really, truly learn
       | any distribution of data (or really, the underlying "rules" that
       | produce any distribution of data)
       | 
       | He's hand-waving around the idea presented in the Universal
       | Approximation Theorem, but he's mangled it to the point of
       | falsehood by conflating representation and learning. Just because
       | we can parameterize an arbitrarily flexible class of
       | distributions doesn't mean we have an algorithm to learn the
       | optimal set of parameters. He digs an even deeper hole by
       | claiming that this algorithm actually learns 'the underlying
       | "rules" that produce any distribution of data', which is
       | essentially a totally unfounded assertion that the functions
       | learned by neural nets will generalize is some particular manner.
       | 
       | > I find that no matter how much time I spend thinking about
       | this, I can never really internalize how consequential it is.
       | 
       | If you think the Universal Approximation Theorem is this
       | profound, you haven't understood it. It's about as profound as
       | the notion that you can approximate a polynomial by splicing
       | together an infinite number of piecewise linear functions.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | > It's about as profound as the notion that you can approximate
         | a polynomial by splicing together an infinite number of
         | piecewise linear functions.
         | 
         | Wait 'til you hit complex analysis and discover that Universal
         | Entire Functions don't just exist, they're basically
         | polynomials.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | "And to make this more-than-perfect world that humanity has been
       | longing for as long as it lived, I absolutely need to betray all
       | the principles that I once stood by, screw over all people that
       | ever trusted me, and become extremely rich in the process. You
       | can think what you want now, the future humans will realize their
       | prosperity was all because I was there to make it happen."
        
       | slantedview wrote:
       | > If a lamplighter could see the world today, he would think the
       | prosperity all around him was unimaginable
       | 
       | None of that shared prosperity was freely given by the Sam
       | Altmans of the world, it was hard won by labor organizers and
       | social movements. Without more of that, the progress from AI will
       | continue the recent trend of wealth accumulating in the hands of
       | a few. The idea that everyone will somehow prosper equally from
       | AI, without specific effort to make that happen, is nonsense.
        
         | spencerchubb wrote:
         | Labor organizers mostly make things worse for laborers.
         | Capitalism has brought much prosperity. "It is not from the
         | benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we
         | expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest"
        
       | jerb wrote:
       | I want to be wildly optimistic too, but I still see no evidence
       | LLMs generate new knowledge. They always hew in-distribution.
       | 
       | Please correct me if I'm wrong
        
         | novaRom wrote:
         | They are really helpful to answer concrete questions, basically
         | a replacement of manual web search and filtering, getting just
         | exactly answers I was looking for. For example, one of my
         | dialogue with chatgpt 4o was about boosting plant growth in a
         | fish tank - you certainly can find a lot of web sites about it,
         | but I simply described my aquatic environment and asked for a
         | recipe - and the answers sound and well supported, a post
         | dialogue double check of the sources help
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | This isn't snark - almost zero humans produce new knowledge.
        
         | w10-1 wrote:
         | It's not new, but it's more usable, which makes new
         | transactions and productions possible by lowering information
         | costs.
         | 
         | That lower of costs is the ONLY basis for thinking AI is good
         | for all. It's to the detriment of people previously managing
         | the complexity manually through training and experience, but in
         | favor of their customers who couldn't previously afford them.
        
       | d_burfoot wrote:
       | OAI's achievements are amazing. But here's a bit of a skeptical
       | take: cheap human-style intelligence won't have a huge impact
       | because such intelligence isn't really a bottleneck today. It's a
       | cliche that the brightest minds of the age are dedicated to
       | selling more ads or shuffling stock ownership around at high
       | velocity. Anyone who's worked at a big tech company knows the
       | enormous ratio of talent to real engineering problems at those
       | companies.
       | 
       | Let's say you have some amazing project that's going to require
       | 100 Phd-years of work to carry out. In the present world that
       | costs something like $1e7. In the post-AI world, that same amount
       | of intelligence will cost $1e3, an enormous reduction in price.
       | That might seem like a huge impact. BUT, if the project was so
       | amazing, why couldn't you raise $1e7 to pursue it? Governments
       | and VCs throw this kind of money around like corn-hole bags. So
       | the number of actually-worthwhile projects that become feasible
       | post-AI might actually be quite small.
        
         | benlivengood wrote:
         | Capital follows the most profitable investments. It's why
         | "green" technology took so long to develop (we probably could
         | have had efficient solar panels in the 60s, but oil was super
         | cheap and more importantly very profitable). Dropping the cost
         | of a $1e7 problem to even $1e6 probably makes it very
         | profitable.
        
           | deciplex wrote:
           | > Capital follows the most profitable investments.
           | 
           | I think a common error is that people forget the "most" in
           | this sentence. It is a very important word. It's not even
           | that only profitable investments will get funded: even
           | _profitable_ projects might get left on the cutting room
           | floor if they are competing for resources with projects that
           | will generate, or are believed to generate, higher ROI.
           | 
           | And this maybe isn't a problem if higher ROI == better than.
           | But to believe that, you have to also believe that
           | enshittification is a thing that happens _in spite of_ being
           | less profitable (or unprofitable), which for me at least is a
           | hard sell.
        
           | willturman wrote:
           | Capital has also employed anti-competitive actions to stifle,
           | prevent, and kneecap "green" technology for the last century.
           | 
           | The death of passenger rail and the stifling of the electric
           | car for 30 years come to mind.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | And also that is why something which is so foundational should
         | be allowed to spread out to all humans which means running
         | local llm models on our machines instead of paying one or two
         | companies to use it. Anthropic, open AI should not become the
         | ones humanity has to go to to get such a resource. We didn't
         | have fire as a service for humanity to master fire.
        
         | spencerchubb wrote:
         | To raise $1e7, you have to be able to convince VCs that you can
         | make at least $1e9. They want 100x returns from their winners,
         | and don't care about anything else in their portfolio.
         | 
         | If instead you only need $1e3 to build it, it doesn't have to
         | make as much money. I could just fund it out of pocket
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | Nothing in Sam Altman's mind will lead to the improvement of the
       | human condition.
       | 
       | We have a capitalist arguing for support of further investment in
       | his capital expenditures in the form of planet-ending heat and
       | monopoly power, promising to pay for it with intelligence more
       | rapidly delivered.
       | 
       | No, thanks.
        
       | listic wrote:
       | Having read a few comments, and then the essay itself, I am
       | surprised there's no call to action or announcement.
        
       | pdonis wrote:
       | All this and not a word about AI ethics. If the ethics of the
       | AI's Sam Altman is building are his ethics, I wouldn't trust them
       | to do any of the tasks he describes, or indeed any tasks
       | requiring any kind of independent action or judgment at all.
        
       | alexashka wrote:
       | > it may take longer, but I'm confident we'll get there
       | 
       | Confident based on what, exactly? Sam Altman is engaging in 'The
       | Secret' where if you really, _really_ believe a thing, you 'll
       | manifest it.
       | 
       | Mind you, Sam Altman actually has no technical expertise, so he
       | really really believes he can pay _other_ people who actually
       | know something to do magic whilst he walks about pretending to be
       | Steve Jobs 2.0.
       | 
       | He'll get his trillion, AI will go nowhere but he'll be on to the
       | next grift by then.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | What we need is to make AI really open and let government
       | institutions (academia) develop the models, so we can all profit
       | from them.
        
       | w10-1 wrote:
       | > a defining characteristic of the Intelligence Age will be
       | massive prosperity
       | 
       | That's the sales pitch, that this will benefit all.
       | 
       | I'm very pro-AI, but here's the only prediction for the future I
       | would ever make: AI will accelerate, not minimize, inequality and
       | thus injustice, because it removes the organizational limits
       | previously imposed by bureaucracy/coordination costs of humans.
       | 
       | It's not AI's fault. It's not because people are evil or weak or
       | mean, but because the system already does so, and the system has
       | only been constrained by inability to scale people in
       | organizations, which is now relieved by AI.
       | 
       | Virtually all the advances in technology and civilization have
       | been aimed at people capturing resources, people, and value, and
       | recent advances have only accelerated that trend. Broader
       | distributions of value are incidental.
       | 
       | Yes, the U.S. had a middle class after the war, and yes, China
       | has lifted rural people out of technical poverty. But those are
       | the exceptions against the background of consolidation of wealth
       | and power world wide. Not through ideology or avarice but through
       | law and technology extending the reach of agency by amplifying
       | transaction cost differences in market power, information
       | asymmetry and risk burdens. The only thing that stops this is
       | disasters like war and environmental collapse, and it's only
       | slowed by recalcitrance of people.
       | 
       | E.g., now we are at a point were people's economic and online
       | activity is pervasively tracked, but it's impossible to determine
       | who's the owner of the vast majority of assets. That creates
       | massive scale for getting customers, but impedes legal
       | responsibility. Nothing in economic/market theory says that's how
       | it should be; but transaction cost economics does make clear that
       | the asymmetry can and will be exploited, so organizations will
       | capture governance to do so.
       | 
       | It's not AI's job nor even AI's focus to correct injustice, and
       | you can't blame AI for the damage it does. But like nuclear
       | weapons, cluster munitions, party politics, (even software
       | waivers of liability) etc., it creates moral hazards far beyond
       | the ability of culture to accommodate.
       | 
       | (Don't get me started on how blockchain's promise of smart
       | contracts scaling to address transaction risks has devolved into
       | proliferating fraud schemes.)
        
         | mr90210 wrote:
         | Please turn this comment into a post. It's a gem.
        
       | charlie0 wrote:
       | In a world of infinite leverage, those who can leverage will far
       | outrun those who cannot leverage or do so poorly. The world is
       | also getting flatter, so you will see massive clusters of people
       | near the bottom, with a very long fat tail of people far away at
       | the top. My only hope is that the floor is raised for everyone,
       | so we're not living in a dystopia like Elysium.
        
       | drooby wrote:
       | This morning I was reviewing some code that a JR engineer
       | submitted. It had this wild logical conditional with twists and
       | turns, negations, and weird property naming..
       | 
       | o1-preview perfectly evaluated the conditional and determined
       | that, hilariously, it would always evaluate to true.
       | 
       | o1 untangled the spaghetti, and, verifying that it was correct
       | was quick and easy. It created a perfect truth table for me to
       | visualize.
       | 
       | This is a sign of things to come. We are speeding up.
        
       | bobrobpr wrote:
       | Pasted the article into chatgpt (free version) Prompt: according
       | to this text above, tell me the degree of insanity of this man's
       | thinking process, expose all his flaws.
       | 
       | Chatgpt: The text presents a highly optimistic view of the future
       | shaped by AI and deep learning, but there are several areas where
       | the reasoning might be seen as flawed or overly simplistic. Here
       | are some points that could be critiqued:
       | 
       | Overconfidence in Technology: The author expresses a strong
       | belief in the inevitability of AI advancement and its benefits,
       | which may overlook the unpredictability of technological
       | development and the potential for setbacks.
       | 
       | Underestimating Risks: While the potential for prosperity is
       | emphasized, there's insufficient attention given to the ethical,
       | societal, and environmental risks associated with AI, such as
       | bias, privacy concerns, and job displacement.
       | 
       | Assumption of Universal Benefit: The idea that AI will lead to
       | shared prosperity ignores systemic inequalities that might
       | prevent equitable access to AI technology, potentially leading to
       | a wider wealth gap.
       | 
       | Neglect of Human Factors: The argument largely abstracts from
       | human emotions, societal values, and the complexities of human
       | behavior. The assumption that prosperity will automatically lead
       | to happiness or fulfillment is problematic.
       | 
       | Simplistic Historical Comparisons: The comparison of current
       | advancements to past technological revolutions (e.g., Industrial
       | Age) may not account for the unique challenges posed by AI, such
       | as rapid obsolescence and ethical dilemmas that previous
       | technologies did not face.
       | 
       | Lack of Detailed Solutions: The text calls for action but offers
       | little concrete guidance on how to navigate the complexities of
       | AI's integration into society, especially regarding labor market
       | changes and ethical considerations.
       | 
       | Optimism Bias: The author's perspective may be influenced by
       | optimism bias, leading to a potentially unrealistic view of
       | future outcomes without sufficient acknowledgment of the
       | challenges.
       | 
       | Dependence on Infrastructure: While the author correctly
       | identifies the need for infrastructure to support AI, there's
       | little discussion of the potential for that infrastructure to
       | become a battleground for control, leading to conflicts rather
       | than cooperation.
       | 
       | Diminished Role of Individuals: The portrayal of people relying
       | heavily on AI teams may undermine the value of individual
       | creativity and agency, potentially leading to a society overly
       | dependent on technology.
       | 
       | By examining these points, one can argue that while the vision of
       | a prosperous future powered by AI is compelling, it is essential
       | to approach such ideas with a critical perspective, considering
       | the broader implications and potential pitfalls.
        
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