[HN Gopher] Deep space radio signal reaches Earth after 8B years
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       Deep space radio signal reaches Earth after 8B years
        
       Author : DocFeind
       Score  : 11 points
       Date   : 2024-09-21 22:03 UTC (57 minutes ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.earth.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.earth.com)
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | >It turns out that visible matter -- like stars, planets, and
       | galaxies -- makes up only about 5% of the universe's total mass-
       | energy content.
       | 
       | It always blows my mind how little we actually know. Everything
       | we can observe and that science can describe is just a small
       | fraction of what is actually out there. Since we don't know what
       | dark matter is maybe its possible that it is all around us, here
       | on Earth. I find that slightly disturbing for some reason.
        
         | cryptoz wrote:
         | I don't know anything about this at all. But I often think
         | about it! I read something once that led me to believe there is
         | no dark matter here on Earth. But I know nothing about this so
         | don't take my word for it. My question has been, if the
         | universe is expanding, am I expanding? Is Earth expanding?
         | Surely it would have to be, (?!) because I keep getting told
         | that the universe isn't expanding _into_ anything but rather,
         | space itself is expanding. Well, I am part of space itself, so
         | am I expanding? Ever so slightly?
         | 
         | I think I read that no, in fact, I am not expanding. The space
         | that I occupy is also not expanding. In fact, no space anywhere
         | near us is expanding. The expansion (we think?!) happens due to
         | dark matter (?) which is not evenly distrubuted and which we
         | can kind of measure (?) and we can know that there isn't any
         | here (?)
         | 
         | Maybe someone who knows more about this can fill in the
         | question marks or otherwise correct me.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | >if the universe is expanding, am I expanding? Is Earth
           | expanding?
           | 
           | No. I've heard experts say so explicitly. The exception is
           | that if the expansion continues to accelerate, then billions
           | of years from now first planets, then people will be ripped
           | apart.
           | 
           | Also the expansion is due to dark _energy_ which is quite
           | different from dark matter. dark energy is everywhere but
           | (for now) it is weak enough that, e.g., gravity can easily
           | hold the planet together.
        
         | johnea wrote:
         | I totally agree.
         | 
         | And the extent to which we're really ignorant, is generally not
         | ackcowledged in the way things are generally described.
         | 
         | For instance, in this article as is typical, the discrepancy
         | between what current theory predicts, and what is currently
         | observed, is described as the universe being "missing"
         | something 8-)
         | 
         | It's not that our theories are incorrect, it's that the
         | universe is "missing" this thing that we predict should be
         | there 8-)
         | 
         | Maybe eventually the universe will correct it's error and meet
         | human expectations 8-)
        
       | johnea wrote:
       | Really interesting topic, not so great article.
       | 
       | Much better off reading the wilipedia page:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_radio_burst#FRB_220610
       | 
       | In addition to the short summary of that specific event, it has a
       | much more detailed treatment of the subject overall.
        
         | mihaitodor wrote:
         | Spot on! Given the domain name, I was expecting to see
         | something more serious. The ads are an instant turnoff, never
         | mind the content.
        
         | sounds wrote:
         | https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2317/ is another decent
         | writeup
        
       | tectonic wrote:
       | One likely source of FRBs are magnetars, which are just absurd
       | objects. We wrote about them in Orbital Index a little while ago 
       | (https://orbitalindex.com/archive/2023-03-15-Issue-210/#magne...)
       | :
       | 
       | These highly magnetized neutron stars--objects only ~20 km in
       | diameter--have magnetic fields that may reach up to 1015 Gauss, a
       | quadrillion (thousand trillion) times our Sun's pitiful 1 Gauss.
       | The energy density of just these magnetic fields (via E=mc2) is
       | 10,000x the mass density of lead. Magnetars are a likely source
       | of Fast Radio Bursts and can also emit giant gamma-ray flares--
       | one flare, GRB 200415A, was seen to emit the same amount of
       | energy as our Sun does over 100,000 years, but in only 0.016 s.
       | We don't really know how these flares form, but if they involve
       | large mass motions, they could also produce gravitational waves,
       | something LIGO and other gravitational wave observatories are
       | watching for. Near a magnetar, "X-ray photons readily split in
       | two or merge. The vacuum itself is polarized, becoming strongly
       | birefringent, like a calcite crystal. Atoms are deformed into
       | long cylinders thinner than the quantum-relativistic de Broglie
       | wavelength of an electron (pdf)," resulting in a breakdown of
       | anything resembling what we think of as chemistry. It's believed
       | that their magnetic fields decay relatively quickly over about
       | 10,000 years, so magnetars are a transient state. We know of
       | about 30 magnetars so far. Oh, and they may also have volcanoes
       | (sort of).
        
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       (page generated 2024-09-21 23:01 UTC)