[HN Gopher] How a scientist is pushing to supersize research int...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How a scientist is pushing to supersize research into ultra-
       processed foods
        
       Author : jyunwai
       Score  : 63 points
       Date   : 2024-09-14 13:55 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.statnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.statnews.com)
        
       | hooverd wrote:
       | What defines an "ultra-processed" food?
       | 
       | Also, there are some amazing pictures in this article.
        
         | l5870uoo9y wrote:
         | You can use the Nova classification[0] which has 4 groupings.
         | First 3 are nutritionally harmless, the fourth is highly
         | processed.
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_classification
        
           | RevEng wrote:
           | You inserted a dichotomy that isn't present in that article.
           | The article explicitly points out that it does not say
           | anything about the nutritional value. It does not say that
           | the first three are nutritionally harmless, nor does it say
           | the implied opposite that ultra processed foods are
           | nutritionally harmful.
        
             | schmidtleonard wrote:
             | Yes, and while there's a correlation that's worth noting,
             | it really bugs me when people don't separate the concepts
             | of processed vs unhealthy. If you refuse to tease these
             | apart, you open up the door to marketing fruit smoothies
             | and pizza and literal goddamn sucrose as health food on
             | account of natural-ness or some inconsequential reduction
             | in processing. I see this "health aesthetic" all over the
             | place and conversations I overhear indicate that people go
             | for it. This is not good and it's a direct consequence of
             | fudging the distinction between processed and unhealthy.
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | I don't want to defend what's in those aisles of the grocery
           | store I don't visit, but I have a problem with the
           | definition. It amounts to a list of ick nobody should put in
           | their mouth in any combination. The problem is that some of
           | the supposed ick is marginal: Is a Pop Tart(tm) with a dyed
           | HFC "berry" filling really, measurably, "worse" than a slice
           | of toasted artisanal bread with farm to table butter and jam?
           | You shouldn't eat either one in large quantities. One is
           | obviously ickier, but, so?
           | 
           | Whey protein vs tofu? One is in your favorite Hunan dish, the
           | other is sold in tubs next to dubious supplements. But, so?
        
             | stemlord wrote:
             | Perhaps an urban myth but my general rule of thumb as a
             | non-expert has been: more processed = more carcinogenic
        
             | l5870uoo9y wrote:
             | Roughly speaking, if you remove Nova class 4 you are back
             | at mid-century eating habits and I doubt anybody would dare
             | to claim that they weren't much healthier than today with
             | 2/3 of US population being overweight. "Unhealthy"
             | groceries still existed, but the quantities consumed were
             | much smaller.
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy#/media/File
               | :Li...
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > mid-century eating habits
               | 
               | So pies made with lard, sugar, and served with whole-milk
               | ice cream?
        
             | sabbaticaldev wrote:
             | pop Tart has literally tens of ingredients, toasted
             | artisanal bread with butter and jam has at maximum 10, all
             | natural. Seems quite obvious the diference.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | He didn't ask if they were different, he asked if they
               | were "worse". It is not obvious at all that having more
               | ingredients equals worse.
        
             | abdullahkhalids wrote:
             | I know there is a tendency to think of ultra-processed as
             | bad, but perhaps a better way to think of these categories
             | is that for the first two (or three) categories it is
             | scientifically much easier to show that they are harmful.
             | For the ultra-processed category there are so many chemical
             | products inside the food, it is a lot harder to show harm
             | or harmlessness.
             | 
             | Think of risk profiles rather than harm amounts.
        
           | aulin wrote:
           | Curious choice of mustard as main picture of the article.
           | Dijon mustard has like 4 ingredients: mustard seeds, salt,
           | vinegar and bisolfite. Among processed canned condiments it
           | must be the healthiest one.
        
             | ufo wrote:
             | Dijon mustard is processed, not ultra-processed.
        
         | Pine_Mushroom wrote:
         | Per the article: "made mostly or entirely from substances
         | derived from foods and additives, with little if any intact
         | [unprocessed] foods."
        
           | hooverd wrote:
           | Thanks, I missed that line.
        
           | brokensegue wrote:
           | So that includes cheese?
        
             | ziggyzecat wrote:
             | depends. DIY or that mid priced stuff from the supermarket?
        
             | hirsin wrote:
             | Cheese is a processed food, class 3. "Cheese products" like
             | Kraft and Velveeta are class four ultra processed given the
             | additives and way it's broken down and reformed.
        
       | l5870uoo9y wrote:
       | It is interesting to think of just how massive a shift the food
       | industry, supermarkets and consumers would have to undertake to
       | cut out high-processed foods (supermarkets would have to empty
       | majority of their shelves).
       | 
       | And then additional strides would have to be made to be convert
       | restaurants (not to mention school cantinas) into actually
       | healthy dining places. I don't think a single burger place would
       | survive such an assessment.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > supermarkets would have to empty majority of their shelves
         | 
         | I doubt this. The supermarket I go to would be about 1/2 empty
         | if they removed processed foods. The rest is still largely
         | taken up by the deli, meat, produce, dairy, and fresh foods.
         | None of these are highly processed.
         | 
         | > And then additional strides would have to be made to be
         | convert restaurants
         | 
         | Chain restaurants that supply themselves exclusively from
         | Sysco. Almost all other restaurants actually cook with mostly
         | whole ingredients.
         | 
         | > a single burger place
         | 
         | Everything there can be a whole food except the bun and the
         | beverage. You're presenting this is as if it's a huge challenge
         | when in reality it barely would be.
        
       | RevEng wrote:
       | I welcome some research in to this if only to put some credible
       | evidence behind whether or to what extent processing of foods
       | affects their nutritional value. I constantly see assertions that
       | highly processed foods are killing us and causing obesity, but
       | I've yet to see any credible evidence for it.
       | 
       | Even reading the Nova classification, the scientific verbiage
       | describing the ultra processed category could easily describe
       | making egg noodles at home. Extrusion is how we get noodle
       | shapes. Molds are how we get cakes and muffins. Emulsifiers are
       | everywhere and are a common reason for adding egg to a recipe.
       | Specific protein isolates less so, but we isolate compounds all
       | the time when brewing and stewing. The only significant
       | difference I see between group 3 and 4 is that they are spoken
       | about in completely different registers that make one sound
       | familiar and the other foreign.
       | 
       | So please, put some sincere research behind this so we can
       | finally get useful clarification on this subject.
        
         | sabbaticaldev wrote:
         | this is processed food. Processed food is fine. Ultra-processed
         | food is processed food put into a plastic bag, shipped far away
         | to be consumed 6 months after it was produced.
        
           | maccard wrote:
           | So tinned, or frozen veg?
        
             | sabbaticaldev wrote:
             | if it is full of preservatives, yes. Obviously, just frozen
             | vegetables isn't ultra processed.
        
               | bloaf wrote:
               | This is not at all obvious. Freezing veggies involves
               | washing, cutting, and blanching processes and vegetables
               | may be subjected to ultrasound during freezing to
               | accelerate the process.
        
             | ufo wrote:
             | No, those do not count as ultra processed.
        
           | gizmo686 wrote:
           | Fruits and vegetables get processed, put into plastic bags,
           | and shipped far away to be consumed 6 months after being
           | produced all the time. None of that makes them ultra
           | processed.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Ultra processed food is foods broken down into base chemicals
           | and stored in vats or boxes like it's baking soda for years
           | before being turned back into food. Many things we make from
           | corn in particular, and I would probably include commercial
           | orange juice in this as well. I don't drink the stuff
           | anymore. That's gross.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | I have/had similar thoughts. For example: it's all just various
         | hydrocarbons that are going to be chopped up by enzymes, so
         | what's the difference exactly which atom is where?
         | 
         | My guess that the "processed food is poison" people are only by
         | chance hitting on something. They have zero evidence and zero
         | supporting data.
         | 
         | However, I've come to suspect that the gut is a very complex
         | thing, with a computer in it, and highly connected to the
         | brain. Once you start to go down that line of thinking, I think
         | it's plausible that they've identified a real problem. One
         | possibility among many is that "corporate food" is the result
         | of a giant A/B test series over a hundred years that has
         | machine-learned the model embodied in the gut-computer. It's
         | essentially a DoS attack. And so on. Suggest folk consider what
         | if the gut has a neural network with various sensors and
         | subject to training data.
        
           | bloaf wrote:
           | That's why I gravitate towards the 'hyper-palatable' label vs
           | 'hyper-processed', to me it captures a more plausible set of
           | criteria (engineered via fat/sugar/salt addition to maximize
           | its appeal, etc) that cause a more plausible and specific set
           | of problems (hijacking reward pathways to cause overeating,
           | etc)
        
             | nick3443 wrote:
             | There is a Peter Attia interview with Michael Easter that
             | explores this concept and anecdotally supports it, where he
             | investigates a tribe (Tsimane tribe) with low obesity and
             | cardiovascular disease, and his personal experience eating
             | their plain and unseasoned diet compared to normal western
             | foods.
             | 
             | I normally dislike the typical podcasters/podcasts because
             | of their self promoting and low information density nature
             | but I thought this one was ok to recommend.
        
           | jamesmotherway wrote:
           | There's zero evidence showing the harm of processed foods?
           | 
           | Consider that nutrition labels are largely focused on
           | macronutrients. Carbs, fat, protein. Calories in and calories
           | out.
           | 
           | What processed food tends to lack are micronutrients found in
           | fresh, high-quality produce. This goes beyond vitamins (which
           | are becoming scarcer due to agricultural practices).
           | Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other phytochemicals are
           | produced by plants as protective agents. Those same chemicals
           | help mitigate the entropic forces the body is subjected to
           | over time.
           | 
           | Going back to macros, not all of them are created equal.
           | Glucose syrup can have the same carbohydrate content as a
           | sweet potato, but their glycemic index (how it impacts the
           | functioning of the body) will vary. That doesn't get into the
           | value of the fiber for the gut microbiome.
           | 
           | The differences are there when looking beyond the surface.
        
             | Kirby64 wrote:
             | Pray tell, besides satiety, what exactly is the difference
             | between carbs from a sweet potato and carbs from glucose
             | syrup, or just plain sugar?
             | 
             | You're missing the other good stuff in a sweet potato
             | (vitamins, fiber, some protein even), but carbs for carbs
             | it's all gonna do the same thing.
             | 
             | The only difference, as far as I can tell, is that it's
             | much easier to eat a liter of glucose syrup than a few
             | pounds of sweet potatos. If you could resist and turn off
             | your body's hunger response, you'd be equivalently
             | overweight. That's basically why GLP1 antagonists work. It
             | turns that hunger response and makes it easier to say no to
             | that extra slice of pizza.
        
               | jamesmotherway wrote:
               | Satiety is precisely it, and I would not be so quick to
               | minimize its effect.
               | 
               | Reasoning by analogy, most would accept that some people
               | are better suited to extended release medication versus
               | instant. A drug is defined as something that has an
               | effect upon the body when it's ingested, especially in
               | the context of the central nervous system.
               | 
               | Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel source of the body,
               | the brain included. Glucose syrup is simple (C6H12O6). A
               | simple carbohydrate like glucose needs minimal processing
               | to become "active," and it tends to be provided without
               | fiber which would ordinarily buffer the overall glycemic
               | index (impact upon the body). As a result, a spike in
               | blood sugar and insulin occurs.
               | 
               | The subsequent drop in blood sugar can lead to craving
               | and excess consumption, and eventually insulin resistance
               | over the long term. The reason why my initial comment
               | seemed dismissive of "calories in calories out" is
               | because it takes a myopic view of a complex system.
               | 
               | If we view insulin sensitivity (among other factors) as
               | either a positive or negative multiplier of the "calories
               | in calories out" metric, I believe we'd be closer to an
               | accurate view of metabolism and its impact on human
               | health. Sure, we can just take GLP-1 antagonists to curb
               | that appetite, but we could curtail it at the source as
               | well.
               | 
               | Just eat the damn sweet potato!
        
         | gxs wrote:
         | I get your point and I agree, but for me I perhaps inaccurately
         | use processed as a proxy for calorie density.
         | 
         | Working at a restaurant in college, I saw that a single plate
         | of pasta they made during a busy night when it was hard to keep
         | up could easily wind up an entire stick of butter. That's on
         | top of the cream.
         | 
         | Soda - tons of sugar packed into 12 oz.
         | 
         | When you don't eat restaurant/processed foods at home, it does
         | shock you a bit just what a giant volume of good 2,000 calories
         | can be.
         | 
         | This is all it means to me. I'm not out here trying to prove
         | science, just trying to stay healthy.
        
         | jampekka wrote:
         | > Even reading the Nova classification, the scientific verbiage
         | describing the ultra processed category could easily describe
         | making egg noodles at home.
         | 
         | It can't because per Nova for something to be "ultra-processed"
         | it has to be "industrially manufactured". Unless you're
         | involved in cottage industry I guess.
         | 
         | "Ultra-processed" is a ridiculous categorization, a bit like
         | some compounds artificially being labeled as "chemicals" and
         | some not.
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | There are certainly certain categories of chemical that might
           | be of interest. For instance you don't normally find
           | emulsification agents in non-processed food but you do in
           | industrial food, whether the particular chemical is made in a
           | lab or extracted from some plant or other. But many, many
           | other ways that we industrially manufacture food are
           | obviously no worse than making our own noodles at home.
        
             | jampekka wrote:
             | E.g. agar-agar is an emulsifying agent. It's ground
             | seaweed. As is chickpea wash. Both used for at least
             | centuries.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Even the more exotic sounding stuff like xanthan gum are
               | often stuff like fermentation byproducts. Totally
               | organic!
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Xanthan on the other hand is a bacterial wash, isn't it?
               | And we use it because guar got priced up by fracking.
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | I was excited when I found that I could actually buy
               | xanthan gum in the grocery store; now I can make
               | delicious foods at home!
        
         | thoughtFrame wrote:
         | My worry with processed food is that precise manufacture opens
         | up the doors to producing all sorts of foods with an unhealthy
         | imbalance of components. Specifically, that the unnatural
         | surplus of, say, hydrogenated oils or high fructose corn syrup,
         | or whatever, is something that will have disastrous nth order
         | consequences we can't predict, so it looks promising in the
         | short term and corporations looking to maximize their profit
         | will all doubtlessly do more of this.
         | 
         | I only have slightly more than a passing interest in food
         | science and nutrition, but from all I've learned my gut feeling
         | is that I ought to avoid this stuff, and rely on cooking my own
         | food as much as possible so I don't get into any imbalances
         | (it's very hard to get a surplus of any macro or any other
         | component via "natural" products)
         | 
         | I don't have any evidence on the nutrition side, but it's
         | certainly not an experiment I'd like to do with my only body.
         | And in the psychological side, it's definitely something to
         | avoid if we value our physical and mental health
        
         | thucydides wrote:
         | there are some fascinating hypotheses on what's caused the
         | worldwide exponential increase in obesity in humans (and also
         | some wild animals). here is the best summary i've seen:
         | https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/07/a-chemical-hunger-p...
        
           | jampekka wrote:
           | Is this really a mystery? People eat more energy wise and
           | move less.
           | 
           | As to why people eat more, it's probably due to higher energy
           | density food, advertising (especially to children) and lost
           | norms about eating (e.g. sugary stuff is not "proper food").
           | As to why we move less is less manual labor, more sedentary
           | entertainment and increased use of vehicles.
           | 
           | The obesity discussion seems to somehow deliberately try to
           | avoid the obvious.
        
             | cinntaile wrote:
             | Why do you think none of the thousands of researchers
             | within nutritional scientists have considered your
             | explanation? That to me seems extremely unlikely.
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | Many do and have a similar view. Maybe restating the
               | obvious just doesn't make the news (or bring in grants)?
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1724823/pdf/
               | v03...
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | Nutritional science has come on a little in the last 21
               | years. Do you have anything more recent?
        
             | thucydides wrote:
             | "Is this really a mystery?" They address your question on
             | the first page. Please read a few sentences of the article,
             | or hey, even the entire article, before trying to refute
             | it.
             | 
             | A brief sample, though their whole argument is more
             | complex:
             | 
             | "People in the 1800s did have diets that were very
             | different from ours. But by conventional wisdom, their
             | diets were worse, not better. They ate more bread and
             | almost four times more butter than we do today. They also
             | consumed more cream, milk, and lard. Our great-grandparents
             | (and the French) were able to maintain these weights
             | effortlessly. They weren't all on weird starvation diets or
             | crazy fasting routines. And while they probably exercised
             | more on average than we do, the minor difference in
             | exercise isn't enough to explain the enormous difference in
             | weight. Many of them were farmers or laborers, of course,
             | but plenty of people in 1900 had cushy desk jobs, and those
             | people weren't obese either."
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | They consumed less calories. As to from what diet those
               | come from doesn't matter that much.
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-per-capita-
               | caloric-...
        
               | thucydides wrote:
               | Let's assume this graph is correct. Why did humans 100
               | years ago consume fewer calories? The body is a complex
               | system with many homeostatic mechanisms. We stop eating
               | when we're full (generally). What has adjusted that
               | homeostatic thermostat upward? Why did obesity increase
               | linearly for half a century and then suddenly increase
               | exponentially starting in 1980? Why are wild animals and
               | laboratory animals also more obese than 100 years ago?
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | > As to why people eat more, it's probably due to higher
               | energy density food, advertising (especially to children)
               | and lost norms about eating (e.g. sugary stuff is not
               | "proper food").
               | 
               | Animals, wild and lab, are probably affected by human
               | food production.
        
               | jdietrich wrote:
               | _> Why did humans 100 years ago consume fewer calories?_
               | 
               | Because they couldn't afford to eat more. In 1900, the
               | average American household spent 43% of their income on
               | food.
               | 
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/04/how-
               | ame...
        
               | thucydides wrote:
               | Guatemala (arbitrary choice) spent 35% of their income on
               | food in 2016, but 66% were overweight or obese.
               | 
               | I don't know what's causing obesity, but it doesn't seem
               | to be income, given everyone worldwide exploded into
               | fatness around 1980.
               | 
               | And I'm not satisfied with flimsy hypotheses, such as a
               | historically unprecedented worldwide diminution in human
               | "willpower."
               | 
               | https://opendataforafrica.org/atlas/Guatemala/topics/Food
               | -Se... https://data.worldobesity.org/country/guatemala-85
               | /#data_tre...
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "Because they couldn't afford to eat more."
               | 
               | But people differ in their incomes. While there always
               | were fat rich people, if food prices were the limiting
               | factor, your average noble from the House of Lords of
               | 1930 would be as fat as average people are today. And yet
               | if you look at those black and white photos of important
               | politicians, businesspeople etc., they were way less fat
               | than an average contemporary student.
               | 
               | This is the Pacific War Council in the early 1940s. Do
               | you believe that those people, decision makers whose
               | decisions affected lives of millions, couldn't afford to
               | eat ad libitum?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Ha
               | lif...
               | 
               | Today, they would weigh +15 kg each at least, and asking
               | their doctors for tirzepatide.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | Just because folks had access to tons of fats and such
               | doesn't mean that this is causal to gaining weight. It
               | has to do with how good everything tasted. The ability to
               | have food that's just delicious has never been easier.
               | Not just access to spices and seasoning, but access to
               | premade ingredients that enhance taste. That also doesn't
               | even account for access in terms of cost. It's never been
               | cheaper to get calorically dense food than the modern
               | era.
               | 
               | Honestly, have you looked at a 100 year old cookbook?
               | Most of the recipes are... crude in their implementation,
               | to put it mildly.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | I am going to be brutally honest here - I see it as some
             | form of personal 'character' weakness, very common these
             | days, haven't lived for that long to judge previous
             | generations so harshly.
             | 
             | To the gist - its supremely easier to be or move into
             | position of weakness and victim, look for external blame,
             | while staying very deep in comfort zone, aka fix my shit as
             | long as I don't have to change anything in my life, I'll
             | even throw a lot of money on it. Massive resistance to
             | change that's not convenient nor pleasant at first sight.
             | People throwing tons of money on diet fads, experiencing
             | jojo effects, depressed about their self-image and feeling
             | helpless, binging in anxiety attacks. Yet nobody taking gym
             | ownership, personal trainer, throwing out all that
             | chocolate and other junky food, amking any self-improvement
             | plan that 5 year old can put together and sticking with it.
             | And of course almost everybody moves much less, but gist of
             | the issue is food, quantity and quality.
             | 
             | It doesn't have to be about junk food per se, same is with
             | parents basically giving up on raising kids and leaving
             | screens and ad companies to do the work. Then complaining
             | how young suck and are horrible and have no respect etc.
             | While they themselves are glued to phones every day,
             | addicted to the core, half laughing about it while
             | scrolling further. Telling them to put it down for a day,
             | spend time with them and kids (if they are still little,
             | not much point pushing teenagers suddenly against their
             | well-trodden addictive habits).
             | 
             | Comfort zone is death of one's 'fighting' spirit, I mean in
             | fighting-as-hard-as-possible-for-best-life-possible. No
             | good stuff comes without some form of a fight, at least it
             | didn't in my life. It just doesn't happen in that damned
             | zone, not with social media showing folks what they could
             | have been if they tried. I don't mean some artificial
             | celebrities faking / pretending how everything is glorious,
             | I mean your schoolmates or childhood friends who were not
             | spectacular in any way, yet rewind 10-20 years and there is
             | abyss in how their vs yours life looks like.
             | 
             | I've 'lost' quite a few close people to such envy exactly
             | because I was nobody special in any way yet somehow made it
             | way further than most, from environment which expected very
             | little from me. One way would be 100% quiet about
             | everything good in my life or fake complain about
             | everything, thats how many successful or rich folks live. I
             | refuse to go over the board with that just to keep such, at
             | the end subpar relationships. Rather accept people change,
             | and one of benefits of non-family relationships is that you
             | can finish them and create better ones as you change if it
             | feels like the opposite is a mistake. I am currently in the
             | process of losing my best childhood friend in same way too,
             | not the greatest experience but unfortunately at this point
             | unavoidable one.
             | 
             | /end a bit off topic rant
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | People do what's made easy and what makes them feel good.
               | And what is advertised.
               | 
               | While it's rather obvious that obesity is caused by
               | excess energy intake, it is not obvious how to change
               | this. I'm getting weight (luckily not at an alarming
               | speed) and I know exactly why I am and how I could stop
               | it, but I don't. Knowledge that it's a "character flaw"
               | doesn't change that.
               | 
               | I smoked for decades, knowing full well it's waste of
               | health and money, and stopped only when smoking was made
               | more difficult than not smoking (smoking bans,
               | introduction of nicotine replacement products). I
               | occasionally eat animal based products knowing they are
               | destroying our environment, but eat them less now because
               | of better plant based options.
               | 
               | Humans are not rational agents and our free will is at
               | most limited.
        
               | vintermann wrote:
               | How can personal character weakness be a thing that
               | varies by century? That doesn't make sense. If we have
               | less willpower than our great-grandparents, whatever that
               | means, it has a cause outside ourselves.
               | 
               | You can maybe blame individual differences in outcomes on
               | personal character weakness, if you really want to, but
               | when millions on millions of people fall to the same
               | character weaknesses that very similar people didn't fall
               | for before, then "personal" is exactly what it isn't.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | It's a combination of societal weakness/acceptance,
               | marketing, and access to easier alternatives (eg, stuff
               | that will make you fat) in my view. There's not one thing
               | that does it, but years and years of... conditioning
               | that's led us to this point.
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | One person's problem can be a moral failing. Thousands of
               | people are a systemic failing.
               | 
               | Unless you think they literally just don't make people
               | like they used to, if you swapped the babies in the
               | cradle of the current generation with previous
               | generations, we'd be thinner and they'd be fatter.
               | 
               | So saying the problem is people is kind of meaningless.
        
         | d0mine wrote:
         | More research wouldn't hurt but is not like there is none e.g.,
         | here's video on seed oil that does cite some research
         | https://youtu.be/XJ_uyV-ER_g
         | 
         | tl;dr seed oil is better than butter (saturated fat-wise), it
         | is ok to heat it at home upto 200 Celsius, not ok "ultra
         | processed" fastfood fries due to more heat, reheating (trans
         | fat-wise)
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > I constantly see assertions that highly processed foods are
         | killing us and causing obesity,
         | 
         | "Highly palatable" foods do this. One way to create those is
         | through "highly processed" techniques.
         | 
         | > but I've yet to see any credible evidence for it.
         | 
         | Obesity is more common in the world where highly processed
         | foods are more common. There is evidence. There is no RCT. This
         | has nothing to do with "credibility" it's just "non-standard
         | analysis."
        
           | prisenco wrote:
           | And highly palatable means processed foods are easier to
           | consume in large quantities.
           | 
           | So it's not just an issue of chemical composition but how we
           | respond to these foods behaviorally.
           | 
           | A 7.5oz bag of potato chips is made using around 6-8 medium
           | sized potatoes. Eating a whole bag of potato chips in one
           | sitting is frighteningly easy to do. But I challenge anyone
           | to eat 6-8 medium potatoes at once, despite being around the
           | same amount of calories.
           | 
           | Going on a whole foods diet often results in weight loss
           | without any increased hunger sensation.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | I agree. To me it always seemed a bit like insisting that foods
         | from the first half of the alphabet are bad for you.
         | 
         | Are they? Maybe! Alcohol, Burgers, Croissants, for all I know
         | there are more bad-diet things in the first half of the
         | alphabet than the last. It could even be that if we convinced
         | people to buy less high-alphabet food, they'd be healthier. But
         | that doesn't mean it's a sensible category. We don't "need more
         | research into high-alphabet foods", we need a _causal_ theory
         | of what makes food healthy or not. It 's pretty clear it isn't
         | alphabetic priority, and it's also pretty clear it's not simply
         | "processing".
         | 
         | Most food needs to be processed in some way or another to be
         | edible. I read a terrible catalog many years ago, from an
         | alternative magazine, listing a ton of weird diets and
         | questionable health practices. There were only a handful of
         | things in that catalog of hundreds of things that even they
         | warned against, and one of them was the "raw food diet".
         | 
         | If it's benzopyrene from frying that's the problem, talk about
         | frying. If it's micronutrients being lost from soaking or
         | boiling or long storage with preservatives, talk about that!
         | But don't dumb us down by putting it all in a box and refusing
         | to engage with what actually makes it bad.
        
         | spatalo wrote:
         | upf is known to be bad for the microbiome and increases gut
         | issues
        
         | ufo wrote:
         | Arguably the whole point of the ultraprocessed classification
         | is to spend _less_ time micromanaging the nutritional value.
         | The purpose is to separate the kinds of food that you can
         | prepare and cook at home, from the kinds of food that only
         | exist in a highly industrial setting.
         | 
         | The latter optimizes for using the cheapest possible
         | ingredients, with the longest shelf life, and to be hyper
         | palatable. Part of the problem is that, to achieve those goals,
         | industrialized food tends to be high in sugar, fats, salt, and
         | calories in general. But looking at only those nutritional
         | numbers is shortsighted. In the last decades we have seen all
         | sorts of junk food that used their nutrition labels to
         | masquerade as healthy food: diet colas without added sugar,
         | sugary breakfast cereals that are "rich in vitamins", and so
         | on. And those did little to stop the obesity epidemic.
        
       | ziggyzecat wrote:
       | Great to read someone wants to scale this!
       | 
       | It would be amazing if the tech to test samples of anything
       | edible could become a target of the DIY & Maker community. This
       | has to be a citizen science effort.
       | 
       | Production results vary. Just recently an acquaintance who owns a
       | small coffee shop in a small town got a visit form the local
       | public health administration telling him that they got a notice
       | from a company that he purchased a product that is being called
       | back due to xyz.
       | 
       | We were all surprised that this system works so incredibly well.
       | 
       | But in terms of health, there are just too many factors that
       | impact individual bodies and brains while being barely relevant
       | in samples of the general population. We need to build a database
       | of human profiles whose health was impacted by something in their
       | food. Of course, there's allergies, and nutritional coaches, and
       | so on but those processes are incredibly long and people get lost
       | and give up or often enough, nothing is found and the person is
       | left to his or her own devices.
       | 
       | I have a friend who reacts bad to some dairy products, whipped
       | cream for example, but the intensity varies with the producer!
       | And he tried some of the most expensive products and some are
       | 'ok' while others produce pain. There must be traces of something
       | that is simply not looked at when tested by food safety labs. And
       | labs like that of the dude from the article are rare and cost a
       | lot.
       | 
       | A couple of weeks ago someone mentioned fertility rates and why
       | some generations had worse ones than others. Not birth rates,
       | fertility rates. Apparently there are periods in time where
       | causes for worse fertility can't be deducted from research and
       | economic data of the time. Microplastics and such didn't play
       | that big of a role back then and the water, soil weren't even
       | remotely as bad back then. Pre WW1 to post WW2. So I proposed it
       | must be something that was in the food that nobody looked at.
       | Might even be sabotage, who knows.
       | 
       | So yeah, I really hope the Maker community can up the game a
       | little and pave the way for more citizen science in food safety
       | and in the research of how different compounds &/or combinations
       | impact energy metabolisms.
        
       | technotarek wrote:
       | Tangential...Anyone from the HN community using Yuka app. (Scan
       | barcodes to get info about dangerous additives and other health
       | info about food and healthcare products.) I discovered it in
       | France where it's rather popular and continue to use it state
       | side. Has changed a lot of my buying/consuming decisions. No
       | affiliation.
        
       | iwanttocomment wrote:
       | I really hate the notion of "ultra-processed" foods. The NOVA
       | food classification system[1], which established the term, is
       | loose and unscientific about what "ultra-processing" means, and
       | different articles use the term interchangeably with different
       | types of foods, many of which could barely be considered to be
       | processed beyond what a home cook might do.
       | 
       | For example, pictures of potato chips or bacon are often pictured
       | and vilified as ultra-processed foods. The NOVA system describes
       | these as "processed" (but not "ultra-processed") foods, and
       | that's almost certainly the case. A home cook can make bacon by
       | curing pork belly in salt and natural spices and then cooking it
       | in a conventional fashion, or frying potato slices in oil and
       | then salting them. Many bacons and potato chips list few
       | ingredients beyond pork or potatoes, salt, and in the case of
       | chips, oil. These can hardly be considered "ultra-processed",
       | even if the American diet of cured and smoked meats may not be
       | optimal for cardiovascular health. These are things people were
       | eating for centuries, long before modern grocery stores and
       | preparations.
       | 
       | But even then, the NOVA system is obtuse. Ice cream is listed as
       | an ultra-processed food, even as you can pick up Haagen Dazs
       | vanilla at Walgreens with only "cream, milk, eggs, sugar and
       | vanilla." You can certainly make a simulacrum of it of similar
       | quality at home using the same ingredients and an ice cream
       | maker. Is it "healthy"? Almost certainly no! Is it ultra-
       | processed? Also, almost certainly no!
       | 
       | Other "ultra-processed" foods according to NOVA are "sweetened
       | and flavored yogurts including fruit yogurts" which again can be
       | made at home using no artificial ingredients with... sugar and
       | fruit, hardly ultra-processing. Chocolate milk is an ultra-
       | processed food according to NOVA, consisting of... milk, cocoa
       | and sugar, which again, you can certainly make at home and is not
       | some sort of industrial concoction.
       | 
       | We are all well aware of the issues with excessive sugar and salt
       | in the diet, and this was established long before any of us were
       | born.
       | 
       | Everything you read about "ultra-processed foods" is junk
       | science. There may well be certain preservatives or preparations
       | that aren't good for us, but the classifications in place are
       | total garbage, and don't point us to any actual risks beyond the
       | natural ingredients we have all known to be problematic from time
       | immemorial.
       | 
       | [1] The NOVA classifications: https://ecuphysicians.ecu.edu/wp-
       | content/pv-uploads/sites/78...
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | It's an example list. It's not exhaustive nor is it exclusive.
         | The hint is in the paragraph preceeding that section:
         | 
         | "Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made
         | entirely or mostly from substances extracted from foods (oils,
         | fats, sugar, starch, and proteins), derived from food
         | constituents (hydrogenated fats and modified starch)"
         | 
         | > Haagen Dazs vanilla at Walgreens with only "cream, milk,
         | eggs, sugar and vanilla."
         | 
         | Yes, that's an "ice cream" according to the FDA. The problem is
         | the definition is so loose that any product with 10% milkfat or
         | milkfat solids can be called ice cream. Which means that "ice
         | cream" may or may not be highly processed.
         | 
         | You'll need to examine the ingredients to know. Which is why
         | Ben & Jerry's can't call themselves "all natural" anymore,
         | because, they happily include many more industrial ingredients
         | over your Hagen Dazz.
        
           | iwanttocomment wrote:
           | If the list contains preparations like ice cream and fruit-
           | sweetened yogurt that have been made for centuries in non-
           | industrial kitchens, perhaps the list is not only non-
           | exhaustive, but it's also just not a very good list? Perhaps
           | it should actually quantify the industrial ingredients or
           | preparations that are problematic and evidence of the "ultra"
           | in ultra-processed, rather than just wave its hands towards
           | extracts or derived ingredients and include foods that are
           | easily made at home (albeit in a time-consuming way)?
           | 
           | The only ingredients in Ben & Jerry's vanilla ice cream that
           | aren't in Haagen Dazs are guar gum (which is a ground bean,
           | and natural enough to be sold in a bag for your kitchen by
           | Bob's Red Mill) and carageenan, which sure, can be considered
           | a derived ingredient but is ultimately derived from seaweed
           | and is almost certainly not the cause of any health issues.
           | Those thickeners are a far cry from industrial concoctions
           | like hydrogenated oils.
           | 
           | I mean, canned soups are on the list an ultra-processed food.
           | Oh no!! I assure you we're not suffering a health crisis due
           | to canned soups in the generic. It's all nonsense.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > it should actually quantify the industrial ingredients or
             | preparations
             | 
             | As I pointed out it does.
             | 
             | > Ben & Jerry's vanilla ice cream
             | 
             | They make more than vanilla ice cream I presume.
             | 
             | > canned soups are on the list an ultra-processed food
             | 
             | Campbell's Chicken Noodle Soup Ingredients:
             | 
             | "Chicken Stock, Enriched Egg Noodles (Wheat Flour, Eggs,
             | Niacin, Ferrous Sulfate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Riboflavin,
             | Folic Acid), Chicken Meat, Contains Less Than 2% Of: Salt,
             | Chicken Fat, Water, Monosodium Glutamate, Cornstarch,
             | Modified Cornstarch, Natural Flavoring, Dried Chicken
             | Broth, Sugar, Beta Carotene For Color, Onion Powder, Soy
             | Protein Isolate, Sodium Phosphate, Yeast Extract, Dried
             | Chicken, Garlic Extract."
             | 
             | This does not seem 'ultra-processed' to you? It even has
             | MSG in it.
             | 
             | > It's all nonsense.
             | 
             | It's a guideline. You need to do the work and read the
             | labels yourself. I cannot hand you a list of anything other
             | than "whole foods" an expect it to be useful or accurate. I
             | can give you a guide which may highlight some previously
             | unexpected categories of food which you should now know to
             | inspect carefully before assuming they aren't ultra
             | processed.
             | 
             | Thanks for coming to my TED talk.
        
       | GeoAtreides wrote:
       | ah yes, mention "ultra-processed foods" in the title and all of
       | the comments are about the definition of ultra-processed foods
       | and none about the article
       | 
       | which maybe would be fine, if people made a modicum of effort and
       | researched the definition. Instead everyone is playing word games
       | "what about this, what about that", "does it mean cheese is
       | ultraprocessed", and implying a vague coverage at the edges means
       | the whole concept is worthless
        
       | 99_00 wrote:
       | Smart. Cash in on the fad while you can.
        
       | BobbyTables2 wrote:
       | Compared to eating raw wheat, baked bread is an ultra-processed
       | food...
        
       | doug_durham wrote:
       | I find it interesting that a most of Vegan meat substitutes fall
       | into the ultra-processed categories. It seems to be an issue
       | across all diets.
        
       | calmbonsai wrote:
       | I do think one day we'll look back at the "best practices" of the
       | processed foods industry as being fundamentally at odds with the
       | best practices of nutritional ensemble signaling for our bodies.
        
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