[HN Gopher] The data on extreme human ageing is rotten from the ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The data on extreme human ageing is rotten from the inside out
        
       Author : enopod_
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2024-09-14 11:57 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | This article is golden:
       | 
       | > _Okinawa in Japan is one of these zones. There was a Japanese
       | government review in 2010, which found that 82% of the people
       | aged over 100 in Japan turned out to be dead. The secret to
       | living to 110 was, don't register your death._
       | 
       |  _The Japanese government has run one of the largest nutritional
       | surveys in the world, dating back to 1975. From then until now,
       | Okinawa has had the worst health in Japan. They've eaten the
       | least vegetables; they've been extremely heavy drinkers._
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Ah, statistics.
        
         | syntheticnature wrote:
         | To be fair, once I die, I don't imagine I'll feel like
         | registering my death.
        
           | ptsneves wrote:
           | Barbarian! People went to war for those rights.
        
           | tasty_freeze wrote:
           | That is one of the recurring news items in the US that drives
           | me batty. When each of my parents died, removing their names
           | from the voter rolls was about the 596th item down on my
           | priority list.
           | 
           | The government realizes this and regularly scrubs the voter
           | rolls of dead people. Yet certain news organizations will
           | report this as if it is a scandal. "Thousands of dead people
           | were set to vote until their plan was foiled by the governors
           | office". Tell me when dead people are voting in numbers, not
           | that people die while still being on the rolls.
        
             | LorenPechtel wrote:
             | It didn't even occur to me as something to be done when I
             | was dealing with my mother's estate. I would have thought
             | it was automatic (SS# shows up in the death index) but even
             | if it wasn't a registration with nobody voting it will
             | eventually get scrubbed.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Some social media algorithm once recommended to me a video
         | about a 550-year-old, still living Japanese monk.
         | 
         | Turns out it was a sokushinbutsu, a self-mummifying monk who
         | practiced extreme fasting, dietary restriction and dehydration
         | until, emaciated and desiccated, their body died in a
         | meditative state. Such monks were thought not to be dead but
         | rather to have ascended to a higher plane of understanding.
         | Their corpses would be dressed in fine clothes and venerated
         | almost like gods. If you complete a shrine in _Breath of the
         | Wild_ and reach the mummified monk at the end, those monks were
         | inspired by sokushinbutsu.
         | 
         | It made me think about the claims of extreme longevity,
         | especially from the Far East, and how many of those might just
         | be due to flexibility about the definition of "death".
        
       | gizajob wrote:
       | Great article but the oldest guy in the UK definitely isn't from
       | one of the roughest parts of Liverpool, he's had a nice life
       | living by the seaside in a place called Southport 25km away, and
       | doesn't seem like a liar.
        
         | philk10 wrote:
         | My hometown - a very quiet place, especially in the winter with
         | no tourists - but it seems he did grow up and spend most of his
         | life in Liverpool which was/is a rough place
        
         | Vegenoid wrote:
         | Many honest people confidently assert the truth of statements
         | (including memories) which are false. They're not lying,
         | they're just incorrect.
        
         | quuxplusone wrote:
         | The "oldest man in the UK" referred to is probably John
         | Tinniswood, who _now_ lives in an old-age home in Southport,
         | but was _born_ somewhere outside of that old-age home and lived
         | out there in the world for most of his life. These sources are
         | quite firm on  "Liverpool," although I don't see anyone
         | directly saying what part of Liverpool.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tinniswood
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-68741070
         | 
         | The hypothesis Newman is implicitly presenting in TFA is that
         | Tinniswood is indeed very old, but -- instead of being born in
         | 1912, married at age 30, and now age 112 -- perhaps he was
         | really born in 1917, married at 25, and now 107. Or any other
         | massaging of the numbers. Really the only way to distinguish
         | among these hypotheses is to have some sort of documentary
         | evidence -- birth certificate, marriage certificate, employment
         | records, etc.
         | 
         | Newman's point is that "supercentenarian" populations are
         | disproportionately correlated with bad recordkeeping (
         | _presumably_ even when you control for the observation that
         | century-old records are likely worse-kept than newer records,
         | although I don 't think Newman directly says that). And also
         | with pension fraud. He writes: (
         | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/704080v3.full )
         | 
         | > The state-specific introduction of birth certificates is
         | associated with a 69-82% fall in the number of supercentenarian
         | records. [...] In England and France, higher old-age poverty
         | rates _alone_ predict more than half of the regional variation
         | in attaining a remarkable age [...] supercentenarian birthdates
         | are concentrated on days divisible by five [...] relative
         | poverty and short lifespan constitute unexpected predictors of
         | centenarian and supercentenarian status and support a primary
         | role of fraud and error in generating remarkable human age
         | records.
         | 
         | Now, maybe there's no evidence that John Tinniswood is lying
         | about his age (consciously or unknowingly), and maybe "the
         | rough parts of Liverpool" have great recordkeeping, and maybe
         | Tinniswood isn't even _from_ the roughest part of Liverpool --
         | sure, I think Newman 's argument is specifically weak on
         | concrete evidence for any of those claims, which means
         | Tinniswood might be a terrible individual example for him to
         | have picked. But then you should object to _those_ claims. Don
         | 't jump all the way to an obviously false response like
         | "Tinniswood isn't even from Liverpool!"
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > The hypothesis Newman is implicitly presenting in TFA is
           | that Tinniswood is indeed very old,
           | 
           | I'm curious why the census isn't presented as evidence of
           | location. UK census are very informative and the 1921 census
           | is the most recent one available.
           | 
           | I'll note that a very small percentage of individuals aren't
           | found (illegible, record loss, issue at taking) but it's
           | exceptional.
        
             | handelaar wrote:
             | And John Alfred Tinniswood is in fact listed in the 1921
             | census, born 1912 in Manchester, a resident of Wavertree,
             | West Derby, Liverpool, Lancs.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | From there I'd see where his parents were in the 1911
               | census. If it's the same location, odds are high that's
               | where he was born.
               | 
               | Exceptions are possible. To help rule them out, I'd
               | research and build-out the extended family. In that day,
               | siblings/cousins banded together; local migration shows
               | up when viewing the lateral family.
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | Liverpool was the second city of the British empire at
               | this point, so again, its "roughness" could be debatable.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | <sigh/> Once again, Big Science proves itself near-impotent
       | against the Rule of Cool and the Want to Believe.
       | 
       | It would be so cool and wonderful to believe that this
       | researcher's current employer (University College London's Social
       | Research Institute, Centre for Longitudinal Studies) was a
       | bastion of truth and honesty in scientific research...
       | 
       | Anybody know what the reality is?
        
       | rougka wrote:
       | For a really good book on most of these long life nutritional
       | surveys and other food panics, check out:
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Fear-Food-History-Worry-about/dp/0226...
        
       | Xen9 wrote:
       | The most realistic and rational path to life extension is
       | creation of behavioural replicants with purpose of only extending
       | the lifespan of one's agency.
       | 
       | To reach next 1000 years, you need to do:
       | 
       | (1) Information theoretic presevation, IE body imaging, cryo, and
       | proper archival / storage.
       | 
       | (2) Behavioural emulation, IE a virtual replicant that roughly
       | makes same decisions far enough for you to identify with it and
       | trust it will carry on your pursuits, even though it will be at
       | least for the beginning slower than the meat was. Behavioural
       | emulation is much less difficult and much more computationally
       | efficient than whole brain emulation.
       | 
       | Many humans would say they want someone to be there taking care
       | of their kids, if nothing else. But there is nothing really
       | pioneering this. I hope the separate developments in
       | neuroimaging, qualia research will eventually converge.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | The problem is that without a massive internal shift toward
         | some kind of altruistic behavior, this won't ever really be a
         | focus, I bet.
         | 
         | The simulant may be Me (as in another version of me) but it's
         | not me (the consciousness I experience inside my body).
         | Therefore, it's life extension for me, _but for everyone 's
         | benefit but mine_. That doesn't help the selfish ego inside me
         | that wants to live forever.
         | 
         | That just does not scratch the eternal life itch, I'm afraid.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | If there was a shift to altruistic behavior, we could all
           | increase the amount of other people's lives through charity
           | and having children.
        
             | snapplebobapple wrote:
             | altruism has a massive freeloading problem, it's likely why
             | it is unstable beyond a very limited set of very close
             | relatives. If you want your statement above to be true you
             | need to crush free loading or expand the very limited set
             | of people the population doesn't mind freeloading. both
             | those things have huge risks of enforcement/creation
             | because they damage other aspects of human dignity we like
             | and benefit from (i.e. the fundamental freedoms that give
             | us a competitive productivity edge over time through
             | allowing innovators to get fabulously wealthy off their
             | innovation is heavily damaged by the authoritarianism that
             | is the easiest path to crushing freeloading [up until the
             | authoritarians become the freeloaders] or the nationalism
             | that can lead to problematic outcomes interfacing with the
             | inevitable outgroup but is the easiest way to expand the
             | group that can freeload without causing instability.)
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | "Freeloading" is a feature, not a bug.
               | 
               | Human[0] socialization is hard-wired to be altruistic. If
               | altruism didn't work, we wouldn't be socializing, we'd
               | still be hairless primates wandering around the jungles
               | of Africa, alone, killing and eating anything and
               | everything we met. Hell, _ants_ wouldn 't be in colonies
               | if that were the case. Altruism works evolutionarily
               | because selfless actions improve group fitness, even if
               | they don't increase individual reproductive success.
               | 
               | Insamuch as "freeloading" is an actually deleterious
               | behavior, it is because individuals are trying to move
               | resources out of their altruistic in-group and towards
               | themselves. To address your specific examples:
               | 
               | - The whole goal of authoritarianism _is_ to  "become the
               | freeloaders". The key rhetorical strategy of
               | authoritarianism is to accuse your opponents of what you
               | plan to do. If they agree with you and stop doing that
               | thing, then you've won, because they are now tying their
               | hands behind their back. If they try to normalize the
               | thing as OK, then you've won, because now you get to do
               | the thing. So in this case, authoritarians will identify
               | and demonize the freeloading of some out-group, both to
               | attack the out-group as well as internally justify their
               | own freeloading.
               | 
               | - Nationalism is rather arbitrary in what is and isn't
               | considered to be the altruistic in-group. In fact, I
               | would argue that it is a subset of the freeloading
               | authoritarianism I mentioned above, at least in our
               | modern age. Nationalists want to divide and conquer
               | humanity.
               | 
               | - "Allowing innovators to get fabulously wealthy off
               | their innovation" _is_ a freeloading behavior. Copyright
               | and patent laws allow inventors to take from the public
               | commons of knowledge and legally enclose it off for
               | themselves. The intent is for this to be limited, but the
               | limits are extremely weak[1].  "IP"[2] is the engine by
               | which large corporate empires build fiefdoms around
               | themselves. The counterargument to this is to gesture
               | vaguely at the European medieval period's economic
               | stagnation, but my counter-counterargument is to point
               | out that this economic stagnation was itself the product
               | of a system in which the vast majority of economic wealth
               | was the product of _rents_.
               | 
               | Diving further into that last point... the economic
               | system in which the majority of wealth is the product of
               | rents is called "feudalism". We associate this with
               | agrarian economies and extreme material poverty, but
               | modern "IP"-heavy business practices are not that far off
               | from feudalism, recast in the mold of modernity. You
               | can't innovate in a feudal system _because_ of all the
               | owners demanding their cut. Innovation _requires_
               | freeloading. If those who own the resources of innovation
               | are positioned to charge more than you could ever hope to
               | make from that innovation, then there will not be
               | innovation.
               | 
               | [0] actually most mammals and primates especially
               | 
               | [1] Copyrights last "practically forever". Patents have
               | 20 year terms but the patent office is not shy about
               | permitting another 20 years on minor modifications to the
               | invention that can then be used to bully competing users
               | of the original patent. This practice is known as
               | evergreening and it's endemic in the pharmaceutical
               | industry.
               | 
               | [2] "Intellectual property" as in "federal contempt of
               | business model"
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | Wow, you sure like to write essays...
               | 
               | Your whole essay utterly misses the point in multiple
               | ways:
               | 
               | - Freeloading is not a feature or a bug, it's just
               | something that happens when the expected value of
               | exchange is unbalanced. If it is too unbalanced it makes
               | the system unstable (i.e. causes war, violence,
               | unfriending, etc. at different scales). The cry for more
               | altruism of the OP almost always leads to a too
               | unbalanced system, thus the problem.
               | 
               | - Yes we are wired to be altruistic to our in group (as I
               | mentioned already). The outgroup we will routinely do
               | horrible atrocities to with little thought or care. How
               | in the in group one is will determine how unbalanced
               | someone is willing to allow exchange to get. I.e. one
               | will generally be fine with personally dumping large
               | amounts of resources into a disabled immediate family
               | member but will not be ok with personally dumping the
               | same resources into a stranger across the globe (or
               | across the city, or perhaps even into an acquaintance
               | down the street).
               | 
               | - It's not that relevant what you think authoritarianism
               | is classified as, it's only relevant that it's bad for
               | freedoms many enjoy and that benefit society. Same deal
               | with your take on nationalism. You should have edited
               | these points out after rereading my comment because they
               | don't matter. It's a missing the forest through all the
               | trees situation.
               | 
               | - Yah, you chose the examples of innovators getting
               | wealthy that is least relevant to societal improvement
               | (and has huge problems I disagree with like excessive
               | terms for copyright among many other problems). It's much
               | more basic than that. Through much of history you lacked
               | basic rights that ensured you could operate a business
               | around your idea. A subset of the population had the
               | right to just take it and that killed any motivation of
               | the individual to act on their good ideas. Copyrights and
               | patents came much later than the actual freedom that
               | really matters for this. Your following paragraph is also
               | a swing and a miss because of the above. It's not what I
               | was talking about.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | You aren't the same "you" that you were a few years ago, from
           | a mental perspective. Brains change all the time. We don't
           | generally get hung up on this concern because, fundamentally,
           | the self-preservation drive is just an evolved reflex rather
           | than anything fundamentally rational. We want some specific
           | evolutionary-selected version of "self-preservation" for the
           | same reason we crave unhealthy foods or are revolted by
           | certain smells.
           | 
           | TL;DR Let your rational brain decide what it wants, try to
           | cope with the rest from there.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | There's nothing rational about a desire to live forever.
             | It's completely driven by a fear of the unknown/driven that
             | comes past death.
        
               | Livanskoy wrote:
               | I don't see that as universal explanation. Anyone who
               | enjoys live will want to prolong it (without sacrificing
               | the enjoyment part, of course). Many people see the death
               | not as "unknown", but as the "end of experience".
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Why do they see it as the "end of experience"? Because
               | they don't know what comes after it? When I see people
               | use that explanation, I also see a fear of the unknown.
               | Nobody has any idea what comes after death: It could be
               | the start of a brighter and better experience or it could
               | be absolutely nothing.
               | 
               | Taking things to the far extreme, for all we know, there
               | could actually be a heaven or a hell as described by one
               | of the desert-dwelling hallucinogen-enjoying people whose
               | book caught on. And I don't mean some ethereal concept, I
               | mean the actual things with 72 virgins or angels with 100
               | eyes and 50 wings and wheels on their wheels. Despite
               | _feeling_ implausible, we have exactly as much evidence
               | of nothingness after death as we do of a heaven or a
               | hell.
               | 
               | Before you mention that this is absurd because there's no
               | brain activity after death, we still don't know how the
               | brain and "mind" work, we can't observe the vast majority
               | of matter or energy in the universe, and there's a lot we
               | don't know. Filling that unknown space in with "it's the
               | end of everything I experience" is as irrational as
               | filling that in with "72 virgins if I kill enough
               | infidels."
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | You yourself seem to have internalized the idea that it
               | is the end of the experience. The things you describe as
               | possible are all _different_ experiences to this one.
               | 
               | People aren't required to be rational for GP's point to
               | be correct. I don't even think it is necessary that they
               | hold a particular view on death. Plenty of Christians
               | don't fear death because they believe in heaven. Plenty
               | of those who believe in nothingness fear the end of their
               | experience.
               | 
               | Nothingness has evidence. Memory and consciousness both
               | appear tied to the body. Suggesting that's equivalent to
               | anything else because technically anything is possible is
               | at best a god of the gaps argument.
               | 
               | The rational take here is that we don't know, we may
               | never know, but that the evidence is suggestive of the
               | same sort of nothingness we "experience" when unconscious
               | or before we were born.
               | 
               | Regardless, all that is required for the GP's point to be
               | true is that people do not universally fear death.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | > You yourself seem to have internalized the idea that it
               | is the end of the experience.
               | 
               | The previous commenter didn't say the end of " _the_
               | experience. " They said the end of " _experience_ " (no
               | the). If you want to be pedantic about the semantics,
               | that's a pretty big thing to add, don't you think? One is
               | the end of all sensation and the end of a particular set
               | of sensations.
               | 
               | And no, it doesn't require that people not universally
               | fear death, it requires that _people who see death as the
               | end of all experience_ don 't fear death, which appears
               | to be tautologically false since they adopt an irrational
               | and negative belief about what the post-death state is.
               | 
               | > Nothingness has evidence. Memory and consciousness both
               | appear tied to the body. Suggesting that's equivalent to
               | anything else because technically anything is possible is
               | at best a god of the gaps argument.
               | 
               | The wordplay is interesting here - I didn't mention
               | memory, only consciousness. Memory does appear to be an
               | embodied phenomenon in your brain. Regarding
               | consciousness, I'm not filling the gaps with a god, I'm
               | suggesting that denying the existence of the gaps is as
               | bad as filling it with a god.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > which appears to be tautologically false since they
               | adopt an irrational and negative belief about what the
               | post-death state is.
               | 
               | "Probably nothing" is not an irrational belief. You don't
               | need 100% certainty to want to avoid that.
               | 
               | > The wordplay is interesting here - I didn't mention
               | memory, only consciousness. Memory does appear to be an
               | embodied phenomenon in your brain.
               | 
               | If I don't have my memories, then the old me is
               | effectively gone forever. Wanting to avoid such a drastic
               | and disruptive change has nothing to do with "fear of the
               | unknown".
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | > "Probably nothing" is not an irrational belief. You
               | don't need 100% certainty to want to avoid that.
               | 
               | The words "probably nothing" imply that on something more
               | than belief, you can assign a probability to nothingness.
               | Can you provide an objective measure of probability as to
               | whether nothingness is what awaits you after death? When
               | you say "probably nothing," the belief in "probably
               | nothing" is an emotionally nice but similarly irrational
               | hedge on "nothing," because nobody can assign a
               | probability to an unknown unknown like "what happens
               | after you die."
               | 
               | > If I don't have my memories, then the old me is
               | effectively gone forever. Wanting to avoid such a drastic
               | and disruptive change has nothing to do with "fear of the
               | unknown".
               | 
               | Wanting to avoid that change is _almost definitionally_
               | due to a fear of the unknown. You are afraid that the new
               | state you will be in will be worse for lack of those
               | memories. Many people who lose their memories are happier
               | for it, and it is in fact a common trauma response to
               | block out old, bad memories.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Can you provide an objective measure of probability as
               | to whether nothingness is what awaits you after death?
               | 
               | Yes, with some effort, I can start at a default 50:50 and
               | incorporate all the evidence we have access to. The
               | resulting number will be pretty high and as objective as
               | a person can reasonably be asked to be.
               | 
               | > nobody can assign a probability to an unknown unknown
               | 
               | Giving up like that is not a way to make rational
               | decisions.
               | 
               | Also when you have a very precise scenario and question,
               | doesn't that make it a known unknown?
               | 
               | > Wanting to avoid that change is almost definitionally
               | due to a fear of the unknown. You are afraid that the new
               | state you will be in will be worse for lack of those
               | memories.
               | 
               | Wrong. Even with a guaranteed blissful existence, I'm
               | still busy using my consciousness on my current life and
               | don't want it to end.
               | 
               | > it is in fact a common trauma response to block out
               | old, bad memories.
               | 
               | Yeah _a few of them_ , that's not remotely the same as a
               | clean slate.
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | In one of the detective stories my wife watches, one of
               | the suspects was a kooky spiritual medium. "Don't you
               | wonder what happens after death?" she asks the detective.
               | The skeptical detective responds: "I know exactly what
               | will happen after I die: I will go back to being what I
               | was for millions of years before I was born."
               | 
               | We know exactly what happens after death: nothing. You
               | cease to be as a living being. What we don't know, and
               | can't ever know, is _what it 's like to not be_. But
               | every investigation so far has failed to produce evidence
               | of a soul separate from the body, so until that changes
               | we can assume such souls don't exist, and neither will we
               | when our body dies.
               | 
               | Don't handwave it away with "we don't know how the mind
               | really works". For all intents and purposes we do know.
               | The mind working at all depends on the body working; once
               | the latter stops, so does the former. We can't accept
               | this because our mind, from our mind's perspective, is
               | everything, but it is limited in space and time because
               | it too is composed of matter and energy and one day, it
               | will stop. That fills us with horror and dread, the idea
               | of (from our tiny perspective) everything stopping, so we
               | fight it. We make up stories about heavens and hells.
               | Even in this era we fight it with hopes of becoming
               | transfinite and infinite through technology. It's all
               | hopium and copium, and incredibly dangerous. People like
               | Elon Musk are now shooting giant penises into the sky,
               | and planning to send actual humans on one-way missions to
               | interplanetary hellscapes which should inspire visions of
               | an angry Hayao Miyazaki saying "what you have done is an
               | insult to life itself." Meanwhile we're neglecting the
               | care of the only hospitable home we know we have, Earth.
               | 
               | Accept your fate. Live, as the fictional gorilla Ishmael
               | put it, in the hands of the gods. Doing otherwise will
               | doom us all, and a lot of other living things too.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Since you seem to know, can you tell me at what precise
               | moment a person becomes conscious at birth? It would
               | solve a lot of problems in the world if you could share
               | that knowledge with us.
               | 
               | People fill the unknown with lots of things. I am simply
               | suggesting that you should let the unknown remain
               | unknown, especially if you're going to make major life
               | choices around it.
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | Fundamentalists are fond of responding to claims about
               | evolution (dinosaurs, etc.) with, "Were you there? How
               | could you know if you were not there?" This is even
               | taught as a rhetorical tactic in fundamentalist
               | elementary schools (which I'm embarrassed to be an
               | American for admitting they exist here).
               | 
               | This seems to be an approach similar to what you're
               | taking here, except you put an interesting twist on it by
               | handwaving your appeal to spooks with stuff about "the
               | unknown" and then claiming it is the more rational
               | position. Once again: we know, as certainly as we can
               | know anything, that the mind cannot function without the
               | body functioning. Therefore, the idea that there is no
               | experience after body death is a more rational position
               | to take than anything involving 72 virgins, nirvana,
               | reincarnation, or blah blah Bible Jesus magic.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | The difference is that we know the fundamentalists are
               | wrong because their beliefs solidly run up against known
               | facts. I am suggesting that filling the gaps one way
               | (even though it feels more rational) is as irrational as
               | filling the gaps any other way.
               | 
               | And we know very little about the mind. We know a lot
               | about the brain. As far as the exact links between mind
               | and brain, that is still quite a bit up in the air.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | I don't remember anything from before I was born,
               | obviously. But I also don't think my consciousness is
               | particularly unique or special, and conscious human
               | beings lived before me, so I assume it's reasonable to
               | imagine "I" was one of them. This is a pretty nonsensical
               | way to define the word "I", but not much more nonsensical
               | than using the singular "I" to refer to the six year old
               | and present versions of me.
               | 
               | What does bum me out is losing a lifetime of knowledge
               | and capability. You get old just when you're starting to
               | be good at things. The human lifespan could definitely be
               | a few decades longer.
        
               | Livanskoy wrote:
               | I'm sorry, but I don't understand how you could make an
               | equality between "end of experience" and "fear of the
               | unknown". The first is about valuing your life and not
               | wanting for it to end. The second is about what comes
               | after the end of life. I do not care about the second,
               | but care about my current life a lot. If, for some
               | unlikely but rhetorically valuable reason, my experience
               | decides to NOT END after my body dies -- great, more fun.
               | I do not care about the political or religious debates,
               | especially here, but it always seemed strange to me that
               | people assume the fear of the unknown to be some
               | universal factor.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The problem isn't the end of experience. The problem is
               | that the universe exists in the first place.
               | 
               | A lot of atheist afterlife logic runs into the problem
               | that if nothing follows death, then this would also mean
               | the end of the universe, but this is in contradiction
               | with the fact that we can experience the universe and
               | that it exists. Lots of people die every day and yet that
               | "nothing" has failed to arrive.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > the problem that if nothing follows death, then this
               | would also mean the end of the universe
               | 
               | No.
        
             | fallingsquirrel wrote:
             | That's easy to say now, but it will be little comfort when
             | you're watching from your hospital bed as your younger
             | clone holds your wife's hand while they both watch the
             | doctors pull the plug on your obsoleted body.
        
               | LeifCarrotson wrote:
               | Sure, that would suck, but would you actually say that
               | the sum of that loss weighed against the gain of N more
               | happy and healthy years with your wife be negative?
               | 
               | I don't think so, I'd sign up for it. Do you not think
               | you could cooperate with _yourself_ like that?
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | So I thought about the brain uploading stuff for my next novel,
         | "The Godlike Era" and my conclusion is : Dude, brain uploading
         | to ONE replicant after you die is totally pathetic. Make
         | 100,000 brain replicants. Run them in parallel on a nuclear
         | powered GPU cluster. Have them learn all specialties of modern
         | civilization in faster than real time. Have them teleoperate
         | 100,000 robots. Build out whole civilization's worth of
         | infrastructure on other planets with you as the ceo of that
         | 100,000 person planetary development corporation WHILE YOU'RE
         | STILL ALIVE.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | That is a common scifi trope. For example it is the starting
           | point of We Are Legion (We Are Bob).
        
             | narrator wrote:
             | The part that I don't like about that one is Bob is dead.
             | What if you do this while you're still alive? Von Neumann
             | probes would be super energy inefficient too. Just power
             | people with electricity via advanced wetware and static
             | nitrogen atmosphere and a bit of climate control and people
             | could live in deep space or uninhabitable planets easily.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | Congratulations, you just invented a Sybil attack on
           | humanity.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | What you are describing is just an AGI aligned with a
         | particular person. So we (humanity) is working on that problem.
         | 
         | Not sure if it will ever satisfy the desire to lenghten human
         | lifespan though. Just as a thought experiment imagine that we
         | have this tech. You have your perfect replica. It responds
         | exactly like you would and no one else, not even you can tell
         | its responses apart from yours. Once you have that, and
         | attained "immortality" as such, do you mind if someone shoots
         | you in the head? The real you i mean. After all you are
         | immortal. Your behaviouraly emulated clone will keep doing what
         | you do, loving your wife, taking care of your kids, supporting
         | the causes you support etc.
         | 
         | For me the answer is that I would absolutely not let my real
         | body killed just because i have my behavioural clone. Which to
         | me implies that at least for me it is not a true continuation
         | of my life. More like having a living will, or a son who is way
         | too similar to me, but still not me.
         | 
         | Basically I would not reach 1000 years. This thing created in
         | my image would.
        
           | Xen9 wrote:
           | You cannot make such AGI if the information is gone. Imaging
           | & cryopreservation sort of insure against early death.
           | 
           | I agree that at point behavioural replication is possible, AI
           | probably also will be. Harsh.
           | 
           | Now the point you ended your reply in is a very common
           | response. Many follow the same direction of thought. I think
           | that to think one should not get a behavioural replica
           | because you don't think it would be you is a non-sequitur
           | however; if the behavioural replica continues to advance your
           | interests, is it not the rational thing to do?
           | 
           | Moreover, if you said "no, it doesnt matter, I'll be dead"
           | you would be following a strategy that'd lead to huge loss if
           | it turned out you actually never died.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > I think that to think one should not get a behavioural
             | replica because you don't think it would be you is a non-
             | sequitur however
             | 
             | Didn't say that. Do get one if you can afford it. It would
             | be usefull for all kind of things. But continuation of my
             | life it is not. Simply it does not solve the longevity
             | extension problem from my perspective.
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | OK, then I have some sort if AI clone who roughly acts like I'd
         | do. What does that have to do with lifespan extension and (if
         | I'm not a delusional tech billionaire) why would I want that?
         | 
         | Actually, how would that sort of "immortality" even be
         | fundamentally different from the traditional way of becoming
         | "immortal" - by having your children or contemporaries carry on
         | your estate in your name, according to their interpretation of
         | "what you would have wanted"?
        
       | sammyo wrote:
       | One actual researcher mentioned good habits will get anyone into
       | their 80's but everyone tested over 105 has most of 100 certain
       | genes. Really old age may be genetic.
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | No researcher will actually make this argument though because
         | they'll immediately be called a eugenicist.
        
           | jraph wrote:
           | Why?
           | 
           | It's not making an argument, it's describing. And describing
           | is not taking action.
           | 
           | [edit] about describing truth or evidences: we need that. Of
           | course it all depends on how you present the truth, whether
           | you are actually doing pseudoscience or not, whether you are
           | manipulating concepts that are actually scientific or not,
           | and whether you are conflating correlation with causation or
           | not.
        
             | david-gpu wrote:
             | Are you familiar with the controversy around a book titled
             | "The Bell Curve"?
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | No, but there's a title "Lack of peer review" in your
               | link.
               | 
               | This doesn't look like science.
               | 
               | There a lot of pseudoscience around IQ too, probably
               | starting with the very concept of IQ for measuring
               | "intelligence" (for which we would need a strong
               | definition anyway)
        
               | joenot443 wrote:
               | There are plenty of very real issues with Murray and The
               | Bell Curve, but to say IQ is pseudoscience is a
               | ridiculous claim.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | > to say IQ is pseudoscience is a ridiculous claim
               | 
               | Is this claim really ridiculous? A quick search yields
               | convincing results that hints at scientists questioning
               | the concept:
               | 
               | - https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121219133
               | 334.h... "Scientists debunk the IQ myth: Notion of
               | measuring one's intelligence quotient by singular,
               | standardized test is highly misleading"
               | 
               | - https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/iq-tests-
               | are-fund... "IQ tests are 'fundamentally flawed' and
               | using them alone to measure intelligence is a 'fallacy',
               | study finds"
               | 
               | There are many things wrong with how IQ is tested, and
               | even how the whole notion was born.
               | 
               | (note that between my comment and yours, I had edited
               | that sentence a bit, it's not worded as strongly now -
               | this is because I don't doubt much that IQ was
               | scientifically researched, so saying IQ is pseudoscience
               | may indeed a bit far-fetched, but I still think the whole
               | notion is quite broken)
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | IQ tests are not and have never been intended to measure
               | intelligence. They're intended to be a measure of
               | potential.
               | 
               | The fact that those articles got it wrong from the basic
               | definitions should indicate there is a problem with the
               | interpretation. If you look at the actual first study
               | link, for example, it doesn't debunk IQ but highlights
               | logistical problems of pen & paper testing and sample
               | size. What they then do is present an alternative
               | measurement based on brain scans. They also do this
               | intentionally to avoid controversial questions of
               | heritability, race and gender that people associate with
               | IQ measurement, as laid out by their introduction.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | I assume you are referring to:
               | 
               | > The results question the validity of controversial
               | studies of intelligence based on IQ tests which have
               | drawn links between intellectual ability race, gender and
               | social class and led to highly contentious claims that
               | some groups of people are inherently less intelligent
               | that other groups.
               | 
               | I read this as "These studies measuring intelligence
               | using IQ which have drawn links between intellectual
               | ability, race, gender and social class are shit and we
               | prove it".
               | 
               | This is at the opposite of what you are writing. It's not
               | at all avoiding controversies. It's debunking, basically.
               | 
               | You are being downvoted and flagged elsewhere because you
               | are wrong, not because one can't describe "controversial"
               | truth.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | > Is this claim really ridiculous?
               | 
               | Yes:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_factor_(psychometrics)
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | How should I use your link to reach this conclusion
               | despite the tracks I gave?
               | 
               | (also note that "ridiculous" is quite strong and
               | disrespectful)
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | You can't tell me you weren't convinced by the link to a
               | wikipedia page. Not even to an argument on the wikipedia
               | page, but just to the whole-ass wikipedia page.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | :-)
               | 
               | I shall start sharing the whole domain to answer
               | anything. With a bit of luck, something will address the
               | discussed concern.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | The link demonstrates that there is a well-reproduced
               | phenomenon in real science whereby, e.g., test scores in
               | various academic subjects correlate positively with each
               | other, and that this can be explained by a common
               | psychometric factor that is reasonable to refer to as
               | "intelligence". The IQ or "intelligence quotient" is an
               | attempt to quantify that which is known to exist, and
               | it's actually one of the best understood ideas in the
               | science of the brain.
               | 
               | Additional viewing that largely covers my points below:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSo5v5t4OQM
               | 
               | You started off saying:
               | 
               | > There a lot of pseudoscience around IQ too, probably
               | starting with the very concept of IQ for measuring
               | "intelligence" (for which we would need a strong
               | definition anyway)
               | 
               | The point is that we do, in fact, have all the necessary
               | scientific research to argue that the concept of
               | "intelligence" exists - i.e., that we can identify a
               | single-factor quantity that can be fairly described with
               | a single number - and that anything calling itself IQ is
               | _definitionally_ a measurement of that single quantity.
               | 
               | In particular: problem-solving capability is a real
               | thing, and some people very obviously have more of it
               | than others. Also, we notably _don 't_ have data to
               | support _more than one_ factor anywhere near as strong as
               | Spearman 's _g_. (That is to say: we see correlations
               | between academic performance in _all_ subjects - rather
               | than strong positive correlations within certain groups
               | but weak or negative correlations between those groups).
               | 
               | The fact that _specific IQ tests_ might fail to actually
               | measure intelligence, or might measure it inaccurately,
               | is beside the point. The fact that an individual 's
               | capability to express intelligence might vary on a day-
               | to-day basis, or for other immediate environmental
               | reasons (stress, caffeine, ...) is also beside the point.
               | Any correlation that any researcher might draw between
               | measured IQ results and any other demographic
               | measurement, mutable or immutable, is beside the point,
               | too.
               | 
               | I have routinely seen people who attack the theory of
               | intelligence engage in pseudoscience of their own, such
               | as trying to invent strange alternate "intelligences"
               | like "emotional intelligence" (apparently meaning some
               | combination of empathy and social skills) and "physical
               | intelligence" (apparently meaning some combination of
               | dexterity and proprioception) so as to "debunk" the idea
               | of intelligence being single-factor (which is not even
               | what the theory of Spearman's _g_ asserts; we 're only
               | saying that there _is a_ roughly-measurable quantity that
               | strongly positively correlates with academic success).
               | This is, of course, utterly absurd, and further comes
               | across as an attempt to dunk on  "nerds" as "not as smart
               | as they think they are" etc. It only makes sense if you
               | redefine "intelligence" to mean something fundamentally
               | incompatible with the accepted and well understood
               | meaning.
               | 
               | And I, personally, have been called a racist elsewhere on
               | the Internet before, simply for pointing these things
               | out, when I had said nothing whatsoever about race. And
               | I've seen it happen to others, too.
               | 
               | It's infuriating, and it's transparently political.
               | 
               | If I "disrespect" people by dismissing claims like "IQ is
               | pseudoscience" out of hand, I will continue to do so,
               | because I have all the evidence I need that the
               | alternative would lead to far greater societal harm.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | To be clear, I'm not arguing that the notion of
               | intelligence doesn't exist. Although I'm not sure we
               | really know to define it correctly.
               | 
               | Emotional intelligence seems pseudoscience. I haven't
               | heard about physical intelligence but that seems dubious.
               | 
               | The "IQ is pseudoscience" claim is possibly a bit strong.
               | Now, whether it is a good measure of intelligence is
               | being questioned, and one of the reason is that it has
               | cultural biases and is strongly biased towards academia.
               | It comes from a measure that attempted to assess the
               | mental age of someone (a bit dubious on its own), and you
               | can also train for IQ tests, that alone is a bit
               | suspicious for a good measure of intelligence.
               | 
               | Problem-solving is a real capability, but doesn't IQ
               | mostly attempt to measure pattern recognition? And isn't
               | problem-solving only a part of intelligence? It seems IQ
               | is quite focused on specific aspects of intelligence, and
               | might not even be measuring them very well.
               | 
               | (thanks for taking the time)
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | _> No, but there 's a title "Lack of peer review" in your
               | link._
               | 
               | You are moving the goalposts.
               | 
               | Earlier you said:
               | 
               |  _> It 's not making an argument, it's describing. And
               | describing is not taking action._
               | 
               | The example I provided shows how describing alone is
               | enough to be accused of being an eugenicist. Rightly or
               | wrongly, doesn't matter.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Fine, something not peer reviewed, crippled with
               | fallacies posing as scientific material which describes
               | falsehoods gets heavily criticized. This looks good to
               | me. There are ways to reap storm by describing something
               | false and by not doing one's homework, yes, I'm willing
               | to believe this. Note that I was speaking about
               | describing _truth_ (implicit in the first paragraph,
               | explicit in the second).
               | 
               | I'm not willing to engage further, our last argument two
               | weeks ago [1] didn't end well and history seems to repeat
               | itself. This won't lead to an interesting discussion.
               | 
               | edit: like last time, you could have stated your point
               | instead of asking a loaded question and make me do your
               | homework.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41338751#41356028
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | The Bell Curve wasn't simply descriptive. It contained
               | "policy implications based on these purported connections
               | [between IQ and race]." It opened by saying that if you
               | want to hire good employees, you should hire by IQ... and
               | then connected IQ to race, implying that racial
               | discrimination is justified. On examination, many of the
               | sources were directly tied to white supremacist
               | organizations.
               | 
               | The Bell Curve is a singularly poor example of a
               | scientific description of the status quo attracting
               | unfair attacks.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | Researchers don't care about that. We've already got IVF with
           | preimplantation genetic diagnosis. So far it's mostly used
           | for eliminating genetic disorders like fragile-X but there's
           | nothing stopping parents from trying to select for other
           | attributes except having enough money to pay for it and
           | finding the right doctor. Though realistically the most you
           | can really do now is avoid genetic disorders and select the
           | sex of the baby.
           | 
           | That ship has sailed.
        
             | busterarm wrote:
             | Lol, you're telling me. I literally worked with one of the
             | pioneers of human germline gene modification with IVF. Oh,
             | that sweet, sweet DARPA money. I miss that paycheck.
             | 
             | I can assure you he had (and still has) a small contingent
             | of protesters at all of his speaking engagements and a
             | number of conspiracy theorists online who think that he is
             | literally the devil. Only academic types even really know
             | that he exists, so these protests are from the research
             | community. There's even univeristy-published research
             | comparing him, by name, to the Nazis.
             | 
             | /s used to write quality control software for IVF labs.
        
             | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
             | >Researchers don't care about that
             | 
             | Haven't been around a lot on planet earth, have you? I can
             | excuse you.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | From a quick web search - "nature vs. nurture" seems to be
           | safe for discussion, on traits far more sensitive than "could
           | you live to 85, or to 105?".
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | Clearly a researcher has made that argument or GP wouldn't be
           | talking about it.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | I do aging genetics research and in fact that's the opposite of
         | my impression so far. Not trying to be contrary, I'm
         | sympathetic to that idea, but most of what I've seen suggests
         | idiosyncratic environmental effects become more prominent as
         | you age, even into late age. Those random fatal events,
         | cumulative exposures, random nucleotide flips, and so forth,
         | all add up more with time.
         | 
         | I suspect aside from lifestyle changes and drugs targeting
         | those affected pathways, gene and "epigene" editing is the
         | thing that will result in longer lifespans. But genetic and
         | epigenetic editing targeting random accumulated mutations with
         | age, not necessarily those at birth.
         | 
         | The phenomenon in the linked piece is important because it
         | throws a monkey wrench into a lot of stuff. I'm skeptical of
         | biological measures of aging because of the widespread idea
         | that people can be biologically older or younger than
         | chronological age. I think it's going to take some large
         | population with good, verifiable, maintained records at birth,
         | which will take some time to establish.
        
           | theptip wrote:
           | Any review papers or pop-sci writeups you like on potential
           | approaches for in vivo epigene editing?
        
       | Tade0 wrote:
       | My maternal grandparents are in their mid 90s and we know that to
       | be true, because aside from the church records, they both have
       | decent memories of the time before WW2 and the event itself.
       | Oddly specific things at that, like prices of goods and salaries
       | from the time.
       | 
       | Also grandpa has 7 siblings, with his older sister already being
       | 100. Interestingly their own parents didn't live nearly that
       | long.
       | 
       | My paternal grandmother on the other hand died one week before
       | turning 97 and only after that it was revealed that she actually
       | lied about her age, claiming to be six years _younger_ , so as to
       | not cause a scandal when my grandparents announced their
       | marriage.
       | 
       | The common theme among them is that they are/were all active
       | working manually and would neither drink nor smoke, but that's no
       | revelation.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | As I watch people around me reach their senior years, it
         | increasingly seems like life is "use it or lose it" with your
         | body and brain function. If you really want to extend your
         | "healthspan" it seems the correct solution is to do full-body
         | work-outs _a lot_ , eat a really clean diet, avoid drugs, and
         | keep using your brain actively into your 80's and 90's.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Well yes, but you need to be smart about it, just like about
           | everything else in life. People read full body workout and
           | start some super intense training regimen which for some may
           | be great, and for others it may be too much. Instead its more
           | like some gardening efforts - every day a bit, not too much.
           | My late grandparents are an example - obviously no smoking
           | and absolute minimum alcohol and 0 other drugs ever, regular
           | good sleep, and garden (plus a bit of nature which was just
           | walks or foraging mushrooms).
           | 
           | Understanding how body degenerates with age and injuries,
           | especially joints and connective tissue. Workouts great for
           | 20 years old are sometimes pretty bad for 40+. Don't stress
           | heart too much, just enough, for long periods.
           | 
           | Plenty of weightlifters who have messed up their shoulders,
           | spines, knees etc. although at their peak they lifted
           | impressive weights and looked accordingly. Guess what, this
           | adds 0 in longevity, whatever effect was there is 100% gone
           | in 5-10 years from all tissues and bones as cells fully
           | renew, and messing up core of your movement can easily
           | negatively impair lifespan.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | It does appear from my anecdata that large amounts of mild
             | exercise actually seem to be better, like yoga, golf, mild
             | hikes, or yard work/gardening. Manual labor of various
             | kinds fits this pattern, too.
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | > If you really want to extend your "healthspan" it seems the
           | correct solution is to do full-body work-outs a lot, eat a
           | really clean diet, avoid drugs, and keep using your brain
           | actively into your 80's and 90's.
           | 
           | All of the folks in my family who lives to their late 90s
           | with a long "healthspan" drank or smoked excessively. The
           | generation after them, their children, who did are either
           | dead or on their way to an early grave.
           | 
           | I haven't really been able to figure that one out.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | I'll give you my theory: Modern processed foods.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | One possibility is survivorship bias. You never met the
             | smokers and heavy drinkers from the first generation who
             | died young, but you did meet those who got lucky on their
             | dice rolls. In the generation after them you knew both
             | groups and the actual survivorship ratios become more
             | apparent.
             | 
             | Other aspects of our modern environment are probably
             | playing a role, too, of course.
        
             | gerad wrote:
             | Blame stress
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | Yes, the alcoholic from their 20s to 80s (approx 1/2 a
               | plastic bottle of vodka a day) was one of the least
               | stressed people in the family. They were also the
               | healthiest in their 90s compared to the smokers.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I wonder if the standards for "drinking excessively" could
             | have changed over time, or the way we drink could have
             | changed? Or possibly, say, people in the silent generation
             | (just for example) might have mostly just had alcohol and
             | cigarettes, while those in the boomer and gen-x generation
             | might have also had a higher chance to find their way to
             | party drugs.
             | 
             | Just a hypothetical of course, I obviously know nothing at
             | all about your family!
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | Several of my friends who died in COVID heart attacks were
             | super fit and very careful with eating. One was a pretty
             | militant vegan. Yet they died in their 40s and 50s.
        
               | stonethrowaway wrote:
               | Veganism is awful for you.
        
               | sabbaticaldev wrote:
               | you can be careful with eating (vegan) while not eating
               | healthy at all as it's mostly ideology
        
             | luigi23 wrote:
             | selection bias. also survival of the fittest.
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | There's an enormous amount of dumb luck in lifespan.
             | 
             | We generally think in terms of life expectancy, but that's
             | only really useful on a population level. On an individual
             | level, it's much more useful to think about the probability
             | of dying - you aren't running down a clock, you're
             | constantly rolling cosmic dice to see whether you get hit
             | by a semi truck or develop pancreatic cancer.
             | 
             | Before the age of 40, you've got less than a 1% chance of
             | dying in any given year. By 60 that probability increases
             | to about 5% and by 80 to about 25%. Some young people will
             | just have rotten luck and roll 1 on a d100, while some
             | people will repeatedly roll a d4 and manage to dodge the 1.
             | Obviously those probabilities are highly modifiable by many
             | factors, but some people will get unreasonably lucky or
             | miserably unlucky regardless of the underlying
             | probabilities.
        
               | LorenPechtel wrote:
               | While I agree with the dice concept I believe general
               | health has a lot to with what die you use to make your
               | roll.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | A major component of that for my grandparents is that they
           | live four floors up _without_ an elevator.
           | 
           | Interestingly, their next door neighbour is also still among
           | us and the general pattern was that people in that block
           | would start passing away starting from the lowest floors.
           | 
           | It's a small thing, but I can see how it works - living on
           | the third floor I see that my joints are better lubricated
           | than back when I was living on the ground floor, so taking
           | long walks is also no issue.
        
             | IIAOPSW wrote:
             | With respect to four floor walkup, by this logic, excepting
             | other factors which might negate it, you would expect there
             | to be a preponderance of exceptionally aged people in New
             | York.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | It appears that living in New York shortens your lifespan
               | quite significantly (possibly due to air pollution).
               | Income-adjusted, New Yorkers die a few years too young,
               | and there is a higher incidence of cancer than other
               | places.
               | 
               | https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2015sum.p
               | df
        
               | hooverd wrote:
               | Too many BECs?
        
               | macNchz wrote:
               | That document doesn't seem to compare things to national
               | rates, but to my knowledge the NYC life expectancy is
               | above NY state's, which itself is significantly above the
               | national average. The densest parts of Manhattan, which
               | also have some of the most air pollution (but high
               | incomes) have the highest life expectancies.
               | 
               | With a brief googling it looks like cancer incidence is
               | in line with national averages, but mortality is lower.
               | Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities impact
               | both averages.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | _When you adjust for income_ , NYC does pretty poorly.
               | Non-income-adjusted, one of the richest places on the
               | planet is in line with its surroundings, yes.
        
               | macNchz wrote:
               | Your source doesn't support that (no comparison with
               | other places), and other sources don't seem to back it
               | up. See the "Local Life Expectancies by Income" chart
               | here: https://www.healthinequality.org/. It seems
               | generally that high income people have comparable life
               | expectancies across the country, whereas there is much
               | higher variability among lower incomes.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Not if the benefits of stairs are outweighed by the
               | dangers of pollution (both air and noise).
        
             | ghastmaster wrote:
             | The first thing to come to my mind is water flows down and
             | mold/mildew would be more present in lower floors. Air
             | pollution is a killer.
        
               | paulcole wrote:
               | These aging stories are like a Rorschach test for
               | whatever "science" a person already believes in.
        
             | ryanjshaw wrote:
             | > the general pattern was that people in that block would
             | start passing away starting from the lowest floors
             | 
             | For your theory to believably explain this, wouldn't
             | everybody have to be the same age to start off with on all
             | the floors? Which seems improbable?
        
               | netcoyote wrote:
               | The Principle of Charity would suggest that the
               | grandparent comment was not trying to control for age
               | differences, but was sharing an anecdote that many folks
               | in the grandparent's neighborhood were of similar age,
               | leading to a hypothesis, and draw what conclusions you
               | will.
               | 
               | I interpreted that to mean, walk more floors, get more
               | exercise, live longer, which aligns with conventional
               | scientific wisdom.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | Funny you should say that, because it was indeed a whole
               | district built from scratch by communists after the war
               | to house people working in the local steelmill and indeed
               | everyone there was initially roughly the same age.
        
             | codethief wrote:
             | > A major component of that for my grandparents is that
             | they live four floors up without an elevator.
             | 
             | I would love to see a study on the effects of taking the
             | stairs on expected life span!
             | 
             | It seems such a small thing but the health benefits likely
             | add up.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | Hong Kong would be an excellent place to do such a study!
        
           | DrBazza wrote:
           | My grandmother would walk 4-5 miles to visit us, well into
           | her 80s, and the route included a rather substantial hill.
           | She lived into her 90s.
           | 
           | Similarly, my grandfather was docker, and then a very active
           | gardener walking to his allotment a few times day, a good few
           | miles round-trip, and lived into his 90s as well.
           | 
           | They were all what might be 'underweight' by the BMI
           | measurements these days. War diets, perhaps, but they were
           | both healthy and fit. Not sure I buy the restricted diet idea
           | for longevity though.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > do full-body work-outs a lot, eat a really clean diet,
           | avoid drugs
           | 
           | Could it be that older people were less likely to be able to
           | avoid physical work (even their chores were far more of a
           | workout), were relatively more religious and conservative
           | than current generations, and grew up with fewer processed
           | foods and more home cooking by stay-at-home moms? What I mean
           | by this is are you just describing people who were born in
           | the 1930s? The fact that the ones that are left are mostly
           | typical would be expected.
           | 
           | > keep using your brain actively into your 80's and 90's.
           | 
           | This could be seen as a symptom of aging well, rather than a
           | cause. People whose brains don't work well aren't studied as
           | examples of aging well.
           | 
           | The person I know who most fits this description is my dad,
           | he had a swimmer's body in his 60s, worked out every morning
           | since high school, has kept a dead center BMI his entire
           | life, has never done a drug and probably only had a sip or
           | two of beer, always had a gym guy diet that has gradually
           | become more vegan, and was a math major and computer
           | programmer, plays chess etc..
           | 
           | He's totally falling apart in his late 70s and becoming very
           | frail. Seems like he's having nerve and neurological issues,
           | and having problems with his connective tissue and with
           | arthritis in his hands and knees. I don't know how you eat,
           | work out, and think yourself into avoiding that. Half of his
           | joint problems are caused from having been athletic, just
           | like my super-athletic Army grandpa, whose knees would bend
           | backwards for the last years of his life from football when
           | he was young.
           | 
           | Protestantism isn't a law of nature. You aren't automatically
           | rewarded for sacrifice and suffering, at least while you're
           | alive.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | It's always funny how people are eager to cite the good
             | examples in their life, but totally forget the family that
             | died early.
             | 
             | Just walk into any sort of care facility for the elderly to
             | understand that bias.
        
               | stonethrowaway wrote:
               | If more people did this maybe everyone could tone it down
               | a bit and go back to, "we don't quite yet know" rather
               | than having every one of these threads filled with
               | "survivorship bias!!" nonsense.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | People mistake probability for certainty too readily. If
               | you show me someone who is 400 lbs at 29 and someone who
               | is 150 lbs at the same age, I would take an even-odds bet
               | on the 150 lb person dying later. I think you would, too.
               | I could be wrong, and there's a lot of uncertainty there,
               | but that doesn't mean that there's absolutely no link
               | between health and lifespan.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | > What I mean by this is are you just describing people who
             | were born in the 1930s? The fact that the ones that are
             | left are mostly typical would be expected.
             | 
             | People born in the 1930's were 30 in the 1960's, and if you
             | think that means a lot of religious/social conservatism,
             | you probably don't know much about American history. Most
             | of these people adopted more conservative ideals later in
             | life, which happens to literally every generation.
             | 
             | By the way, it sounds like the people who you are talking
             | about have a history of very much overworking their bodies
             | to the point of injury, and that is also pretty clearly bad
             | for you. I don't think you are guaranteed to live a long
             | time if you take care of yourself, but I think it's pretty
             | clearly true that you will maximize your chances if you do.
             | 
             | > Protestantism isn't a law of nature. You aren't
             | automatically rewarded for sacrifice and suffering, at
             | least while you're alive.
             | 
             | The happiest and healthiest 90-year-old I know does 2 hours
             | a day of work meticulously maintaining his trees and eats
             | whatever he wants. He happens to want healthy things,
             | though, and enjoys the trees. You don't have to suffer to
             | be healthy.
        
           | huntertwo wrote:
           | Cocaine is a cardiovascular workout in of itself.
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | Very true. My paternal grandfather lived well into his
           | nineties, even as a smoker, as he was very active well into
           | his 80s. Even when he touched 90, he could still pretty much
           | walk around in his forest land to explore his property.
           | 
           | On the other hand, my paternal grandmother had a severe sweet
           | tooth, and passed away from a heart condition. Her diabetes
           | kept her very inactive for the most part, but even at 80, she
           | could do a LOT of activities independently with little help.
           | Passed away at 84.
           | 
           | My maternal grandfather was very active in his 70s, but he
           | became sedentary and reclusive (partly because of my
           | caretaker uncle who is an asshole, coupled with messy
           | infamily fighting). Passed away at 82, after his second(!)
           | heart attack.
           | 
           | My maternal grandmother is still alive and kicking ass,
           | travelling the world over. Again, asshole uncle causes her a
           | lot of tension , but her daughters have tried to keep her
           | separated from him, so stress levels are low. For the record,
           | she could travel from India to the US alone at her age.
           | 
           | Use it or lose it.
        
           | canjobear wrote:
           | Does their activity support healthiness, or does their
           | healthiness support activity?
        
         | dsq wrote:
         | Sounds like the Howard Families
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_families
        
         | FinnKuhn wrote:
         | Another common theme I would add is that they didn't have a
         | fatal accident. If you are unlucky you can live as healthy as
         | you want and not have any genes that make you more likely to
         | have a specific disease and still die young. :/
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Great anecdata!
        
       | vergessenmir wrote:
       | My grandfather died over a hundred, he had 16 children and two
       | wives. We estimated his age to be at 103 going by the youngest
       | possible age he could have become a father.
       | 
       | My grandmother is well into her 90s.
       | 
       | They both were active throughout their lives, always in the
       | fields.y grandmother goes to bed when the soon after the sun goes
       | down. She insists on not having any electricity.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | > _by the youngest possible age he could have become a father_
         | 
         | That's what, 9 years old?
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | I've researched a lot of people in my lines and I can't
           | recall a father younger than 15 - tho I recently found one
           | married at 14.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Contrary to what the article says, the Gerontology Research
       | Group[1] claims to have verified John Tinniswood's age:
       | https://www.grg-supercentenarians.org/john-tinniswood/ Although I
       | wish they'd be a lot more specific about how that was done.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group
        
       | sebtron wrote:
       | If you don't get to the end of the article you'll miss this gem:
       | 
       | > If they don't acknowledge their errors in my lifetime, I guess
       | I'll just get someone to pretend I'm still alive until that
       | changes.
        
       | encoderer wrote:
       | The last time I read about this there were a ton of comments
       | along the lines of "author needs to come to <my tiny African
       | nation> both my grandmas are over 100 years old and it's normal
       | here" - proves the point!
        
       | stonethrowaway wrote:
       | > The ceremony was wonderful. It's a bit of fun in a big fancy
       | hall. It's like you take the most serious ceremony possible and
       | make fun of every aspect of it.
       | 
       | A glorified shitpost. I love it.
       | 
       | There was an article/blog post on HN not too long ago of a chap
       | who realized Blue Zones are a farce and it's underreported deaths
       | instead.
       | 
       | To folks linking pop-sci books, you may want to think twice.
        
       | tristramb wrote:
       | From Wikipedia:
       | 
       | "The Cornerstone of Peace at the Peace Memorial Park in Itoman
       | lists 149,193 persons from Okinawa - approximately one quarter of
       | the civilian population - were either killed or committed suicide
       | during the Battle of Okinawa and the Pacific War."
       | 
       | How can anyone stupid enough to think that the people of Okinawa
       | have had a healthy lifestyle over the past century? The subtle
       | statistical effects of any dietary or lifestyle prefererences
       | would be completely swamped by the effects of the above.
        
       | LiamPa wrote:
       | My step great grandmother is currently the oldest in the UK, the
       | family had to take her car keys off her when she turned 100, she
       | wasn't best pleased about it.
       | 
       | https://oldestinbritain.nfshost.com/
        
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