[HN Gopher] Who Owns Nebula?
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       Who Owns Nebula?
        
       Author : mintplant
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2024-09-13 04:18 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (medium.com)
        
       | danpalmer wrote:
       | Interesting analysis! From the facts in this post, I'd reach the
       | following speculation: the creators have a contract that entitles
       | them to vote on certain types of company action, a share of 50%
       | of the revenue, and potentially representation of their votes in
       | the form of one or two of the existing board seats. Essentially
       | there being some company bylaws in place to enact that
       | "ownership" mechanism.
       | 
       | This would match what Standard have said about the setup, would
       | match the Wendover documentary and its reference to "wizardwry"
       | making it all work, and provide for input from creators and
       | revenue to creators. Combining this with the phantom stock and
       | how a sale would be handled, I think calling this "ownership"
       | when summing it up in a single word for the purposes of a YouTube
       | advert is... uncontroversial?
       | 
       | The alternative would be having each creator on the cap table,
       | and my understanding is that is actually quite tricky to do at
       | scale, and brings significant legal and tax implications for the
       | creators and Nebula.
       | 
       | While this is all very interesting, and I appreciate the blog
       | post, I do wonder if the answer here just boring.
        
         | moi2388 wrote:
         | That might very well be the case. It would probably be more
         | honest to give the content creators stocks or say "partly ran
         | by content creators" instead of "owned by content creators" in
         | this case, no?
        
           | derefr wrote:
           | The problem with that is that if you truly _own_ something,
           | you have the right to _sell_ that thing, and nobody can say
           | who you can sell it _to_. Give it six months and it wouldn't
           | be "creator-owned" any more, due to cash-strapped creators
           | dumping stock for a payday.
           | 
           | A co-op is structurally as much about ensuring that employees
           | can't transfer their equity to non-employees as it is about
           | ensuring that employees have equity. You can't get the
           | semantics of a co-op ownership structure just by doing
           | regular things with a C-corp; you need extra hacks, like
           | these bylaws.
        
             | danpalmer wrote:
             | That might be the ultimate version of "ownership" but it's
             | by no means the only useful version. Startups typically
             | issue shares or options but restrict selling of them. Does
             | that mean you don't own them? Well it's complicated, but in
             | my opinion it's far more useful to say that yes you do own
             | them than no you don't. I as an employee of a public
             | company receive compensation in the form of shares, but I'm
             | only allowed to sell them at certain times of year, do I
             | not own them? Again it's more realistic to say I do. I also
             | don't get to vote with mine, as is the same for other non-
             | voting shares that are fairly common.
             | 
             | Ownership is a nuanced concept, and taking a hard line on
             | just one feature of ownership is not necessarily the right
             | choice in general discussion.
        
               | surgical_fire wrote:
               | I never took options in compensation packages as
               | "ownership". I just see them as fancy mechanisms to give
               | you the potential for more money without giving you more
               | money outright.
               | 
               | In the case of startups, which are not yet public
               | companies, even less so, as those shares can be dilluted,
               | etc.
               | 
               | In the case of public conpanies I see them much in the
               | same way I see shares of conpanies I buy in the stock
               | market. I have no meaningful ownership of the company in
               | those cases, it is just where I park some money looking
               | for a return in investment.
               | 
               | A coop is actually a form of ownership, even if
               | ironically you can't sell that ownership.
        
               | PawgerZ wrote:
               | > Startups typically issue shares or options but restrict
               | selling of them
               | 
               | They have to explicitly restrict selling of the shares
               | through contract means. That's because ownership is the
               | legal right to possess, use, or give away (sell) a thing.
               | Likewise, Nebula has to explicitly restrict selling of
               | partial ownership through contract means.
        
               | derefr wrote:
               | Ownership of private property (abstract or concrete) is a
               | _formal, legally-defined_ concept -- and  "do you have
               | essentially sovereign authority over the disposition of
               | the asset" is always at the core of it.
               | 
               | No, you don't own stock when you own stock options. A
               | stock option is a _right to purchase stock at a
               | particular price_ , and you _own_ that _right_. Just like
               | owning, say, an easement on a piece of land, doesn 't
               | mean you own the land. (And both a stock option and an
               | easement have a _value_ , and you may be able to sell
               | _those things themselves_ -- but the value they have, and
               | their sale price, is often disconnected from that of the
               | underlying asset the right exercises against.)
               | 
               | You know how you can very easily tell when you own
               | something? Because governments almost always _tax_
               | transfer of _ownership_ of a thing. You don 't pay taxes
               | when you acquire options, because you haven't yet
               | acquired ownership over anything. You _do_ pay taxes when
               | you exercise those options -- exercise that right to
               | acquire stock at that price -- because now you _do_ own
               | something you didn 't before.
               | 
               | Another way to tell that you own a thing, is that you
               | have the ability to directly pledge that thing as
               | collateral on a loan. You can pledge stock, but you can't
               | pledge options[1]. This is because you can _contractually
               | grant_ the bank the ability to confiscate your stock in
               | event of default on the loan, in a way that _guarantees_
               | that they will _succeed_ in this confiscation. But you
               | can 't contractually grant the bank the ability to
               | confiscate your options, in a way that is _guaranteed to
               | succeed_.
               | 
               | And that's for exactly the reasons you outline: there may
               | be contractual stipulation on the exercise of the
               | options, that mean that the bank can't immediately
               | liquidate the options, and thereby can't balance the
               | loss-of-lendable-assets coming from your default and/or
               | might risk the company's share-price falling, or even the
               | company going bankrupt, before the options may be
               | exercised.
               | 
               | Also, sometimes the bank wouldn't _want_ to exercise a
               | contingent asset they 've acquired, but just wants to
               | sell that contingent asset on to someone else who wants
               | to hold and exercise it at a future date. ESOPs in
               | particular usually have voidability clauses that say that
               | not only can't you transfer the option, you can't even
               | build a financial instrument around the option that _has
               | the semantics of transferability_. Banks very much do not
               | appreciate restrictions like that.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [1] Yes, you can show your holding of options as a
               | _demonstration of assets_ , to increase the amount a bank
               | is willing to lend you. But this, like any other
               | demonstration of assets -- e.g. a demonstration of
               | employment, or of ownership of revenue-generating assets
               | -- goes into a Net Present Value-adjusted future-cashflow
               | projection calculation that the bank does, to determine
               | how likely you will be to be able to make your _regular_
               | loan payments when everything is going _well_ for you. In
               | the breach, they still need collateral to be pledged out
               | of stuff you actually _own_ -- i.e. can guarantee them
               | the right to as a creditor.
        
           | BlindEyeHalo wrote:
           | The way I understood it is that the 'stock' you 'own' is
           | proportional to your viewer count, which is not something you
           | can do if you would actually give them stock.
        
           | Dextro wrote:
           | I think the issue is that the marketing is a half truth.
           | Standard is in fact majority owned by content creators, it's
           | just that the marketing makes you assume that the creator
           | saying the line is the owner when that might not be exactly
           | the case.
           | 
           | Honestly Nebula always felt off to me because of this
           | marketing. They never sold it as a place where creators had a
           | more equitable share, or where they had more creative freedom
           | and control (which seem to be true), but they used the idea
           | that they were "fighting the man" by going at it alone. It
           | always felt like a half truth which, turns out, it is.
           | 
           | Also the price always felt too good to be true to me so I
           | always suspected some sort of investment from somewhere to
           | create a loss leader. Though the jury's still out on that.
           | But having worked on video streaming online myself I know
           | first hand how expensive it can get so I wonder how
           | profitable the company is.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | I don't know about American coop laws, but in Denmark there are
         | diary companies owned by farmers (nearly 10.000 farmers own
         | Arla) and Coop Amba, which owns many super market chains have
         | over 2 million members, that each have a voting right in the
         | company.
         | 
         | You can totally scale this type of ownership.
        
           | danpalmer wrote:
           | I'm not an expert by any means, but my understanding is that
           | partnerships are very different legal entities to a typical
           | US LLC. I believe a partnership is typically in many ways
           | closer to what I suggested may be the case with Nebula -
           | where the company has bylaws and contracts in place
           | internally to make this work. On the other hand for an LLC,
           | LTD, or other similar types of company, being a shareholder
           | is a more public position, and might require reporting, or
           | updating documents registered with the local government every
           | time it changes. That's fine for tens of shareholders in a
           | private company, but not for thousands or millions.
        
           | SamWhited wrote:
           | In the U.S. it really depends what state you're in. Some
           | states have co-ops as a specific business vehicle and in many
           | of them the co-op model is very different. There are big farm
           | co-ops, EMCs, etc. in the U.S. (Land-o-Lakes and Florida
           | Natural Oranges come to mind, I believe they're both fully
           | farmer owned), but I'm not super familiar with them or how
           | their model works, but in Georgia where I am at least co-ops
           | tend to work in one of two ways:
           | 
           | For smaller co-ops that don't bring in members very often or
           | who are just getting started they often create an LLC and put
           | in the articles of incorporation that all future members will
           | receive an equal share and equal voting rights. This does
           | require filing paperwork for every new member, but keeps
           | taxes easy.
           | 
           | For co-ops that expect to have lots of members rapidly
           | (consumer co-ops that sell shares in their store to whomever
           | wants one, for example) they normally form a corporation and
           | allocate a certain number of shares up front and indicate
           | that any member has equal voting rights, etc. this makes the
           | taxes harder, but is a lot less paperwork since you have to
           | file stuff about the number of shares sold at the end of the
           | quarter (or whenever, I forget the exact reporting details,
           | been a while since I've done this) but not every single time
           | you add a member.
           | 
           | Georgia (and a lot of other states) also have specific laws
           | for EMCs and other specific types of co-ops, so it's really
           | fragmented. Take this with a grain of salt, it's just two
           | examples of how a lot of smaller co-ops do things.
        
         | sitharus wrote:
         | It's definitely an interesting solution to a very similar
         | problem I was looking at a few years ago - how to take on
         | external investment in a co-operative company.
         | 
         | I'm not in the US, so I can't comment on the options for
         | Nebula, but where I live coops are a specific type of legal
         | company which would encompass what Nebula want - a company
         | where profit is divided between members in proportion to their
         | contribution. As part of that the only owners allowed are
         | contributors, and the only people who can receive a profit
         | share are the owners. If you want to stop contributing you have
         | to stop owning, and there's no value to the shares.
         | 
         | So you can't take on equity funding, only debt.
         | 
         | This structure seems to be made to work around that,
         | structuring it like a regular stock company but with a sale
         | trap to make it unappealing to sell for a quick return.
        
           | jszymborski wrote:
           | > So you can't take on equity funding, only debt.
           | 
           | Is this a huge problem?
        
             | jasode wrote:
             | _> Is this a huge problem?_
             | 
             | It depends on what the company is trying to build.
             | 
             | The dollar amount of debt a company can take is _limited by
             | its revenue_ because it requires ongoing payments to
             | service that debt. Whether it 's debt from a bank business
             | loan or by issuing corporate bonds, they both require real
             | revenue to make those payments.
             | 
             | Equity investments don't have a ceiling capped by the
             | company's present day earnings. This is important if the
             | company has ambitions to build something that can't get any
             | meaningful revenue on day 1. Instead, they need the money
             | to pay salaries, cloud bills, office rent, etc to build the
             | product and hope the later revenues will justify the
             | investment. E.g. the early Google startup in 1998 took $25
             | million VC investment and didn't have meaningful revenue
             | until +4 years later in 2002. A company with $0 revenue
             | can't get a $25 million loan with a 4-year deferred payment
             | plan. Yes, there's such a thing as "convertible debt-to-
             | equity" but that's a financial vehicle for investors that
             | doesn't apply to co-operatives.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > a share of 50% of the revenue
         | 
         | According to the blog post, they get 50% of the _profit_ which
         | would be much lower than 50% of the revenue. This is worse than
         | other profit-sharing platforms. But hey, you own 50% of a
         | shadow equity or whatever that means.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | The big source for confusion IMO is that there is no single
         | universally-understood definition of "creator". The site was
         | founded and is controlled by ~6 people who create content for
         | YouTube and other platforms. So does that make Nebula "creator-
         | owned" by default? Or does _every_ content creator on the
         | platform have to have some form of ownership? And then does
         | that ownership have to be equitable? Or will one token share
         | with no voting or profit share still qualify?
        
           | mrgoldenbrown wrote:
           | Any confusion is Nebula's fault by keeping the details of
           | ownership secret. They could clarify what they mean when they
           | claim in bold on their front page that "Nebula is creator-
           | owned and operated."
        
       | prithvi24 wrote:
       | Honestly, I feel like the criticism is missing some key points.
       | Sam and the other founders are creators who've put a ton of work
       | and resources into Nebula. They've made awesome original content
       | like Jetlag and have invested heavily to support other creators
       | on the platform. Nebula gives budgets for creators to produce
       | their own shows, and they get a share of the revenue from
       | subscribers they bring in--I wouldn't be surprised if they earn
       | from views too. So saying it's misleading doesn't sit right with
       | me. Creators on Nebula definitely get a bigger piece of the pie
       | compared to other platforms. It might not be a perfect co-op, but
       | it's way more creator-friendly than most out there.
        
         | gautampk wrote:
         | It /is/ misleading to say or imply that it is a co-op, though.
         | It isn't. It may be a progressive company which provides very
         | favourable terms to creators, but it isn't a co-op.
        
           | prithvi24 wrote:
           | Yeah, I see your point--it might be misleading to label
           | Nebula as a co-op since it technically isn't one. But I think
           | what's important is how much Nebula does to empower creators
           | compared to other platforms. The founders are creators who've
           | invested a lot to make it a place where content makers get
           | more support and a bigger share of the revenue. Even if it's
           | not a co-op, it still feels like a step in the right
           | direction for giving creators more control and benefits than
           | they'd get elsewhere.
        
           | dmazin wrote:
           | Oh, good comment.
           | 
           | After reading the article, I walked away with "well, they
           | were vague about the terms, but the real terms sound fine to
           | me."
           | 
           | But your comment changed my mind somewhat: it definitely
           | isn't a co-op, and the "creator owned" language is
           | misleading.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | None of what you say is being debated. What is being debated is
         | the fact that they market themselves as a creator-owned co-op
         | (which is incorrect and borderline fraudulent).
        
       | richardwhiuk wrote:
       | For most respects and purposes, Standard Broadcast is the
       | creators on Nebula.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _For most respects and purposes, Standard Broadcast is the
         | creators on Nebula_
         | 
         | Then why shell them into a separate vehicle?
         | 
         | The purpose is to create two tiers of creators. That's fine.
         | Some took a risk. Others didn't. But it's dishonest to then
         | claim one is being transparent when the only reason for this
         | structure, apart from incompetence or convenience, is
         | obfuscation.
        
           | pikminguy wrote:
           | It's kind of a historical happenstance. Standard was created
           | first as a company offering support services for creators.
           | Nebula was one of Standard's offerings which grew to be the
           | main thing.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | That was my thinking as well and unfortunately the article
         | doesn't go into that direction. For example: Do we know how
         | many _creators_ they have. Do they all have the same contracts
         | and rights or are some of them just (affiliated)  "creators".
         | 
         | To put this to an extreme: If only the six owners were creators
         | they could claim 100% goes to the creators without lying.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Real Engineering did a video titled "How Nebula Works" [1]. It
       | details the technical problems. But seemingly deliberately dodges
       | the legal and financial questions I clicked on that video to
       | answer.
       | 
       | I love Nebula. But it's obvious that there is a shady component
       | to their structure that prevents transparency that senior
       | leadership knows about and knowingly obfuscates. I'm not arguing
       | for a creator-owned co-operative; that would render the equity
       | worthless, and they want (and should) retain the option to sell.
       | But Nebula _et al_ made a big fuss about refusing VC because of
       | the incentives that creates while legally creating a two-tier
       | structure that mimics those same incentives.
       | 
       | [1] https://nebula.tv/videos/realengineering-how-nebula-works
        
         | chrisoverzero wrote:
         | You clicked on a video from _Real Engineering_ titled "How
         | Nebula Works" hoping to get answers to legal and financial
         | questions? I think videos with titles like "How Internal
         | Combustion Engines Work" would also deliberately dodge legal
         | and financial questions. Because they're not what the video is
         | about.
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | The creator of the channel Legal Eagle is also one of the six
           | main Standard Broadcast owners (with Real Engineering)
           | mentioned in the article, so it sounds like we are waiting
           | for the Legal Eagle "How Nebula Works" video.
        
       | ehhthing wrote:
       | I think the last few paragraphs go off the rails. If creators
       | didn't own (at least in some way) some controlling stake in
       | Nebula, why would they publicly say that they do? Moreover, why
       | would creators join Nebula if the terms were not beneficial to
       | them in the first place?
       | 
       | I find it funny that the author writes
       | 
       | > It's equally possible, however, that the system was set up in
       | order to keep any meaningful power away from the creators.
       | 
       | Does the author really think that the chance that _all_ of these
       | creators are lying to their audiences is just as likely as them
       | all telling the truth?
       | 
       | Also, the author even admits
       | 
       | > As I mentioned previously, some ownership of Standard has since
       | been offered to other creators through stock options, but it's
       | unclear how much or what type of stock those options represent.
       | 
       | Owning equity (and thus voting power) in Standard also means that
       | the creator has the ability to vote on how Standard operates
       | Nebula. So the conclusion that the creators have no control over
       | Nebula literally cannot be true. So the statement that "the
       | creators own 0 percent of Nebula" is just misleading, and yet
       | this is somehow the important conclusion that the author wants
       | readers to know...?
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | The author's thesis is that the creators are being tricked.
         | They own some complex bespoke right in Nebula ("an entirely new
         | kind of cooperative corporate governance"), which they're told
         | and believe is equivalent to ownership, but actually it's a
         | sham that will break down if Standard ever wants to do
         | something that isn't in the creators' interests.
        
           | ehhthing wrote:
           | The author doesn't go through this in nearly enough detail to
           | make that argument convincing. Rather than spending the
           | entire time trying to find what the "real" ownership amount,
           | the author should've spent the time contextualizing the
           | situation.
           | 
           | The author basically spends the entirety of one sentence
           | dismissing the idea that there could exist a corporate
           | governance model that allows creators to have a meaningful
           | way to direct the company's decision making process and
           | spends the rest of the time on a wild goose hunt to figure
           | out the "actual" ownership percentages.
           | 
           | It was pretty obvious from the beginning given the repeated
           | mentions of complex ownership models that the "real" numbers
           | were not going to mean that creators owned "real" equity in
           | the company. An investigation about what this actually means
           | would've been a much better way to write this kind of essay.
           | 
           | Instead all we got was a long article with a conclusion that
           | was reasonably obvious in hindsight, and no real evidence to
           | support the thesis that "it's all just smoke and mirrors".
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | I don't agree that was obvious in hindsight. I was familiar
             | with Nebula before this article and I had always understood
             | it to be something like a co-op where creators and only
             | creators had genuine equity. When reading the first bit, I
             | assumed as the author did that it must be something where
             | the co-op owns a controlling share in some underlying
             | company.
             | 
             | The conclusion that there's nothing like a co-op at all is
             | not what I would have expected and I really think does
             | suggest that it's all smoke and mirrors. If this
             | "ownership" doesn't consist of anything more than a right
             | for creators to be paid based on their view counts, isn't
             | it just a YouTube contract with extra steps?
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | _" The author's thesis is that the creators are being
           | tricked."_
           | 
           | The author says: _" Unfortunately, without access to one of
           | their contracts, we can't know for sure what power the
           | broader group of creators actually has."_
           | 
           | While the accusation of the creators being tricked might be
           | between the lines[1], I think the more direct accusation is
           | the subscribers being tricked.
           | 
           | The subscribers are made to believe:
           | 
           | 1. the creators get 50% of Nebula's profit
           | 
           | 2. their money goes into a co-op of creators
           | 
           | 3. Nebula hasn't taken VC money
           | 
           | My reading is that the author claims, that only the first
           | point is true.
           | 
           | [1] To the best of my knowledge, none of them has come
           | forward with any accusations. On the other hand, we probably
           | only should expect this to happen once Nebula gets in trouble
           | or is actually sold.
        
         | Tarq0n wrote:
         | The creators are desperate for a hedge against Youtube, which
         | unilaterally controls their compensation and can deplatform
         | them at any time.
        
         | dmazin wrote:
         | I agree - the investigation is thorough, but I think the
         | conclusions are a little jumpy.
        
       | ParadisoShlee wrote:
       | You're saying standard has the fiscal responsibility of their
       | entirely company?!
       | 
       | Give dave an award for being awesome and running a successful
       | company with a single investor.
        
       | rambobambo wrote:
       | How to create a similar site for my local community?
        
         | felurx wrote:
         | Do you mean a video sharing site? Maybe self-hosting PeerTube
         | might be something for you. It's designed with federation (with
         | other instances via ActivityPub) in mind, but the FAQ say that
         | can be disabled. Of course, there probably are other software
         | projects (like maybe DTube) that have different priotities and
         | ideas, might be worth a bit of research.
        
       | LammyL wrote:
       | This corporate structure seems a bit sketchy for creators if the
       | platform wants to sell. If they sell Nebula then creators split
       | half of the profits. If they sell Standard then creators get
       | nothing.
        
         | cruffle_duffle wrote:
         | Why would Standard get sold though? The value to a buyer is
         | nebula. In fact perhaps they intentionally structured things so
         | as to detach Nebula from Standard to make it easier to spin
         | off.
        
       | jiveturkey wrote:
       | > It's possible that the terms are so favorable for creators that
       | their shadow equity is as good as actual ownership. It's equally
       | possible, however, that the system was set up in order to keep
       | any meaningful power away from the creators.
       | 
       | I very much suspect the latter. Otherwise why be so circuitous
       | and secretive about it.
       | 
       | I've never heard of shadow equity before. But clearly it isn't
       | equity, ie it isn't ownership. So it almost certainly has no
       | governance rights. Now it may entitle the creators to 50% in the
       | event of a sale, but who's to say it's Nebula that's sold, vs
       | Standard, and who's to say it's sold at all. Rather the standard
       | (excuse the pun) approach of selling off the assets without
       | selling the company.
        
       | timenova wrote:
       | While their corporate structure is shadowy, their revenue
       | distribution between creators is not. The source for this is in
       | this video [0][1] by TLDR Business.
       | 
       | Essentially, all the money collected by subscriptions is paid to
       | creators based on the number of views on their videos.
       | 
       | [0] https://nebula.tv/videos/tldrbusiness-how-does-tldr-
       | really-m...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clfti6Do9lc
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | _" On August 23, 2021, the Company purchased a 12% ownership
       | interest in Watch Nebula LLC for $6,000."_
       | 
       | Surely this must be 6 million USD. I first thought this is a
       | typo, but it is like that in the original SEC filing. Is this
       | some convention I am just oblivious about?
        
         | noname120 wrote:
         | From the SEC FORM D[1]:
         | 
         | > Total Amount Sold $6,000,000 USD
         | 
         | You're referring to the note 2 of the prospectus supplement no.
         | 12[2]. It indicates the following at the top of the notes
         | section:
         | 
         | > (in thousands, except share and per share data)
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1881238/000188123821...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1776909/000121390021...
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | A lot of Corporate financial reports have a baseline of $1k,
         | $10k, $100k or sometimes even $1 million that their figures and
         | charts never have reason to drop below (or are just taken as
         | rounding errors) anywhere in the report and so they just
         | establish the baseline early in the report and all numbers are
         | relative to that. It seems like Curiosity Stream's report was
         | using a $1k baseline and you just multiply all the financial
         | numbers by 1,000.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | When it comes to a democratic cooperative, how does this compare
       | to say Mondragon ?
        
       | eterevsky wrote:
       | To summarize, 17% is owned by Curiosity Stream, the rest by
       | Standard Broadcast which in turn is owned by Wendover Production
       | and some other creators.
        
       | blagie wrote:
       | This is approximately what I figured. Whenever I do deeper due
       | diligence, this sort of scam comes up. Literally "whenever."
       | 
       | For the record, Nebula is primarily owned and operated by
       | creators. Those creators are:
       | 
       | * Dave Wiskus
       | 
       | * Brian McManus (Real Engineering)
       | 
       | * Alex (LowSpecGamer)
       | 
       | * Devin Stone (Legal Eagle)
       | 
       | * Thomas Frank
       | 
       | * Sam Denby (Wendover Productions)
       | 
       | The other creators are getting scammed.
       | 
       | This is not an uncommon model. This is almost identical to how
       | edX was structured and the marketing literature is nearly
       | identical too. It was owned and run by universities. Just not the
       | universities who made up the "consortium."
       | 
       | If there were no scam, there would absolutely no reason for the
       | non-public non-answers. If Nebula weren't scamming, they would
       | disclose the "financial and legal wizardry."
       | 
       | None of this prevented me from giving Nebula money. As I said,
       | this kind of issues comes up literally every time I do due
       | diligence. I am disappointed in specifically Brian McManus for
       | being involved in a scam, but this kind of scam is omnipresent
       | with quite literally every organization I've done due diligence
       | on, and usually much worse.
        
         | staunton wrote:
         | I don't understand what the scam is.
         | 
         | The structure is opaque which indicates there might be some
         | scam but how would one know what it is?
        
           | jszymborski wrote:
           | The accusations of it being a scam are speculative for sure,
           | but they come from a relatable place: the inability to
           | understand why creators would agree to take on "shadow
           | equity" while a small handful of creators get actual real
           | equity.
           | 
           | It sounds like a few creators can sell the equity that is
           | built by many creators at any time, but that all the other
           | creators can only realize their equity if and when the
           | company exits.
           | 
           | If someone bought tickets to a steam ship that stipulated
           | that in the event of an imminent iceberg collision, they can
           | only get on the life-boats after a small group of people
           | ransacked the ship and left on the first life-boat, I might
           | assume that they'd been scammed to. But perhaps they were
           | just desperate or didn't think icebergs were a risk.
           | Regardless, I just know I wouldn't buy that ticket.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | I can't really figure out how the stakes of your analogy
             | are supposed to map to the Nebula situation. Nebula is a
             | source of income. If it implodes, everyone still goes home.
             | 
             | And who would be buying shares if the company is sinking so
             | badly? How does the ransacking work in the analogy, and
             | does it even make a difference?
             | 
             | The part that sounds scary is that they're on the "first"
             | life boat and everyone has to wait until "after" they're
             | done ransacking, and that part doesn't sound like it maps
             | to the real world at all.
             | 
             | But backing up to the more general sense, shadow equity is
             | a reasonable way to do the profit sharing but you have to
             | have real equity somewhere. Accepting that there are two
             | tiers makes sense to me. And the reason it's a "small
             | handful" with the realer equity is because those people
             | either _built_ the company or _paid lots of money_ to the
             | people that built the company, that 's pretty fair.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | >a few creators can sell the equity that is built by many
             | creators at any time, but that all the other creators can
             | only realize their equity if and when the company exits.
             | 
             | That's misleading because an exit (i.e., a sale or an IPO)
             | is usually the only way that owners of _real_ equity in a
             | startup can cash out.
        
           | blagie wrote:
           | Nebula advertises itself: "Nebula is creator-owned and
           | operated" (implying the creators who publish). A lot of
           | people subscribe in order to support creators, as a sort of
           | alternative to Patreon.
           | 
           | This is not the case. It is owned and operated by the
           | founders and some investors.
           | 
           | If someone donates believing they're supporting Extra
           | Credits, Practical Engineering, or a similar channel, they're
           | likely being misled about how much they're contributing to
           | it. Indeed, they may believe they're supporting a creators'
           | co-op, which they're clearly not. If Nebula sinks, the
           | support is what they expected. If it swims, it's going to be
           | a lot less.
           | 
           | I consider this to be tantamount of fraud. That's as much a
           | statement about myself as about Nebula. My standards for what
           | constitutes fraud are much lower than e.g. the FTC's.
           | However, I (again, personally) believe that if the FTC shared
           | my standards, the economy would be more efficient and the
           | world would be a better place. That is a personal opinion,
           | but researched, and based on the work of David Landes (a
           | well-regarded economist at Harvard, who had nice work about
           | the role of social capital in economic growth).
        
         | xd1936 wrote:
         | You used the word "scam" six times in your comment. That is a
         | bit exaggerative of the actual company structure. Creators are
         | getting paid to put various forms of exclusives on the
         | platform. Just because the company uses a disingenuous term to
         | market itself doesn't mean that said creators are all victims
         | here.
        
           | blagie wrote:
           | I don't know whether creators are victims (although I suspect
           | they are), but I do know people who pay for altruistic
           | reasons are victims. It's not billing itself as Disney Plus
           | but specifically as a way to support creators and support a
           | service for-creators/by-creators.
           | 
           | That, it's not.
           | 
           | As a footnote, this also explains why channels like Wendover
           | are promoted so strongly by Nebula over, quite frankly,
           | better content.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | i'm disappointed in brian mcmanus every time i watch a 'real
         | engineering' video and find out that it's full of factual
         | inaccuracies, like all the previous 'real engineering' videos i
         | watched. you'd think i'd learn, but i keep confusing him with
         | 'practical engineering', which is actually real
        
           | cruffle_duffle wrote:
           | Was going to say... I love the practical engineering channel
           | but that channel doesn't really dive deep enough into any one
           | topic to encounter any factual inaccuracies.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | admittedly, it does fall far short of being practical; if
             | your preparation for building a railroad is watching
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqmOSMAtadc and your
             | preparation for building a landfill is watching
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRx_dZawN44, your trains
             | will derail and your garbage will leach into your
             | groundwater
             | 
             | but that's not really a difference between the two
             | channels; real engineering manages to pack plenty of
             | misstatements into videos that are equally superficial
        
           | blagie wrote:
           | I find Real Engineering to be pretty good for aerospace, and
           | horrible for everything else. There are errors, but no more
           | so than any other resources I've seen on aerospace.
           | 
           | The problem I have is that it's trying to do electronic
           | engineering, fusion, and now history. The worst is interviews
           | / human interest / travel / behind-the-scenes, etc. My
           | question is always: Why? Why do you think you're at all
           | qualified to do a better job than the people who specialize
           | in this?
           | 
           | If I had a choice, the Nebula-exclusive content would go more
           | into math or deeper engineering: How does a jet engine work?
           | That kind of thing.
           | 
           | But yes, Practical Engineering is very, very good.
        
       | bogtog wrote:
       | > Shadow Equity (sometimes called Phantom Stock) isn't real
       | stock. It's basically just an IOU that's worth the same dollar
       | value as the actual stock. The creators will get paid 50% of the
       | proceeds in the event the company sells, but legally they don't
       | actually own any of the company.
       | 
       | To my untrained eye, this just seems like owning stock without
       | voting privileges, which seems okay? Is the fear that the voters
       | will eventually just change the creator profit sharing to zero
       | and milk the company dry rather than selling it?
        
         | maweki wrote:
         | > seems like owning stock
         | 
         | Shadow Equity usually doesn't pay dividends. So if the stock
         | devalues due to payed out dividends (and the shadow stock has
         | no voting power), it's the creators paying out the investors
         | from their share.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | ... and why is it called the same as the Nebula Awards?
        
         | runnr_az wrote:
         | The term is nebulous
        
       | jamesholden wrote:
       | I was thinking about joining them to try it out.. but now I feel
       | yucky.
        
         | drclegg wrote:
         | Even with this obfuscation, it is still more fair to its
         | creators than most other platforms. It's just not quite the co-
         | op structure their marketing makes it out to be, which is
         | indeed disingenuous (IMO).
        
       | astura wrote:
       | TL;DR:
       | 
       | 1) a group of content creators created a company
       | 
       | 2) that company runs a streaming platform where they also allow
       | outside content creators to use with (at least) a profit sharing
       | agreement that includes ongoing profit as well as profit from the
       | a sale of the company, should they sell it.
       | 
       | 3) that platform also took in a single minority investor at some
       | point
       | 
       | 4) some rando on Medium is getting wrapped around the axle
       | because they think the outside creators are calling this
       | "ownership."
        
         | yaur wrote:
         | One has to wonder if the creators got 50% of the sale to
         | curiosity stream.
        
       | jszymborski wrote:
       | I'm cancelling my subscription.
       | 
       | I was always suspicious of the "50:50 SB/Ceator" deal. The real
       | way to do something like this imho is via a cooperative, with
       | investors like CuriosityStream and SB providing capital loans.
       | 
       | That said, the "ownership" claim is apparently provably false and
       | I've been lied to. The company has operated dishonestly, and
       | frankly the biggest reason I had a subscription was because of
       | what I thought was an equitable ownership structure for creators.
        
         | armoredkitten wrote:
         | To me, there's no evidence in any of this that would indicate
         | the _creators_ are misinformed or being scammed. In reality,
         | they know their primary source of revenue is coming from
         | Youtube, and it is a frequent complaint, especially for content
         | creators who do anything marginally political or controversial,
         | that they are demonetized or hit with copyright strikes (even
         | in clear cases of fair use) and have to deal with the faceless
         | Google behemoth trying to reverse these automated decisions.
         | The end result of all this is that their revenue stream is
         | unstable, and they are reminded of it frequently.
         | 
         | To me, the fact that many of them clearly find Nebula a more
         | suitable arrangement for them is still an indicator to me that,
         | if I want to support the creators, Nebula is a better way to do
         | that. Obviously, you can make your own decision on that, and
         | sure, if you feel lied to, I can appreciate being upset about
         | that. But maybe most of these content creators are less
         | concerned with the ownership (they get 0% stake in Google,
         | after all) and more concerned with the profit sharing
         | arrangement. If so, I'm still happy to support them in that.
        
           | jszymborski wrote:
           | I never said they were scammed, but I was indeed misled by
           | dishonest marketing, and frankly I think creators are also to
           | blame for spouting lies about ownership.
           | 
           | I supported Nebula because I think a creator's co-op is a
           | beautiful project. I was willing to compromise on the co-op
           | idea when I thought it was a 50:50 ownership structure but
           | this is nothing close to equitable in my mind.
           | 
           | I'll spend the money I save on Nebula on monthly donations to
           | creators. I look forward to supporting a creators co-op if a
           | promising one is ever made.
        
             | tredre3 wrote:
             | > I'll spend the money I save on Nebula on monthly
             | donations to creators.
             | 
             | You'll split your 3-6 dollars between multiple people? So
             | that after fees they'll each receive a dime?
        
               | jszymborski wrote:
               | I'm currently supporting two creators on Patreon and I'll
               | likely up my donation to them by 3 USD each.
               | 
               | I'd rather be supporting the creator's co-op I thought I
               | was, but I'll have to settle for this until that exists.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | Whenever someone answers "it's complicated" to what should be a
       | simple question, you know there's a scam involved.
        
       | guipsp wrote:
       | Why is this person who, as far as I can tell, is not, has never
       | been, or has any intentions of being a creator on nebula
       | complaining that creators are being screwed over? Surely if you
       | were going to publish this piece, you'd get the opinion of at
       | least one nebula creator?
        
         | runnr_az wrote:
         | Yeah... Doesn't seem fair to imply that it's a big secret if
         | you don't ask.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | TL;DR
       | 
       | Nebula is a streaming service.
       | 
       | It has a parent company (Standard Broadcast) which owns $83% of
       | the service and has 3 out of 4 board seats.
       | 
       | An external public company (Curiosity Stream) owns the remaining
       | 17% and 1 board seat.
       | 
       | Standard Broadcast is owned by 6 individuals, some of them
       | popular YouTubers.
       | 
       | Content creators who post on Nebula get 50% of the service's
       | total profits (based on watch time).
       | 
       | Content creators (other than the 6 mentioned above) don't own any
       | shares in Nebula, but if the service is ever sold, they get 50%
       | of the proceeds from the sale. This doesn't, however, apply to
       | Standard Broadcast or Curiosity Stream, which can and are
       | sold/traded independently.
       | 
       | Whether Nebula is "creator-owned" or not, as they proudly
       | proclaim front and center on their website and marketing
       | materials, is left as an exercise for the reader.
        
       | ryzvonusef wrote:
       | You have two paths for a paid youtube competitor: ____
       | 
       | 1- Bulk Purchase, like Nebula (Sam from Wendover and other fellow
       | youtubers); One subscription buys you access to ALL the channels
       | in the network.
       | 
       | Pros:
       | 
       | * Single payment for users
       | 
       | * gets better as more creators join
       | 
       | * usually discounted if you consider per-channel cost
       | 
       | Cons:
       | 
       | * requires trust between the creators
       | 
       | * can cause clash between creators on division of funds
       | 
       | * requires a certain minimum output to maintain basic service
       | 
       | * one cancelled creator can sink the service
       | 
       | ____
       | 
       | 2-Per-channel subscription, like Floatplane (Made by Linus from
       | the LinusTechTips channel); You have to pay seperately for each
       | channel you want to get access to.
       | 
       | Pros:
       | 
       | * Can be cheaper if you only want access to a couple of specific
       | creators
       | 
       | * creators are not dependent on each other to maintain the
       | service
       | 
       | * you are seperate from other creator drama somewhat
       | 
       | Cons:
       | 
       | * Can become costly quickly if you want to subscribe to multiple
       | creators
       | 
       | * not that competitive with youtube premium
       | 
       | * can cause comparison strife between creators for difference in
       | subscription fee
       | 
       | * can't take advantage of the synergist effect.
       | 
       | _____
       | 
       | Basically Nebula has the advantage of having many high profile
       | creators, and if you have a smaller following, you can take
       | advantage of the rising tide and get a boost from them by joining
       | the service.
       | 
       | Also, Nebula seems to have ~ 50-ish creators from some pretty
       | diverse set of topics, so it's not pigeonholed as Floatplane.
       | 
       | Buuuuut...it's unsustainable I feel. As the number of creators
       | increase, the disparity of what each creator brings and what they
       | are owed will be unteneble.
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | Floatplane, OTOH, has half the number of channels as Nebula, and
       | they are mostly tech friends of Linus, so it's not only
       | pigeonholed, but overshadowed by the anchor store that is LTT.
       | 
       | By having seperate silos, you are unlikely to catch the wake of a
       | rising ship to boost yourself.
       | 
       | However, I feel that by cutting money out of the equation
       | (Floatplane gets a fixed cut, rest, you earn of your own merits)
       | it is in theory more sustainable; you have your own silo, and if
       | one is sinking, you are not concerned.
       | 
       | Also, there is a gun channel on the website, and they are there
       | because they are tired of the censorship from Youtube. Being free
       | from drama is a plus...don't subcribe if you don't want to watch!
       | 
       | but not that free; they are still bound to the whims of payment
       | processors, so if VISA/MASTERCARD/Whatever block them, they are
       | SoL.
       | 
       | They are not Only Fans level of free.
       | 
       | ___
       | 
       | TBH, it's a pain to get people to pay, the friction is just too
       | high. Nebula makes it easier than Floatplane, on the onset, even
       | if it's not the best choice. But since when have people used
       | logic where money is concerned?
        
       | NoGravitas wrote:
       | I've long had the feeling that Nebula was kind of sketchy, ever
       | since they kicked out J.T. (Second Thought), a founding member.
       | I'm glad it's working out for Philosophy Tube and Jessie Gender,
       | but I will not be surprised at all if there's not a total rug-
       | pull some time in the future.
        
       | xd1936 wrote:
       | > Nebula the business is "Standard Broadcast LLC," and is
       | directly owned at the LLC level by me and 43 other creators (and
       | growing).
       | 
       | > Nebula the streaming video service (which controls the
       | streaming revenue) is Watch Nebula LLC, which is about 83% owned
       | by Standard Broadcast LLC, with the rest held by Curiosity
       | Stream. All control and all board seats belong to Standard
       | Broadcast LLC.
       | 
       | > We use shadow equity for platform creators because assigning
       | LLC-level equity would make signing new creators logistically
       | impractical, and would have complex tax implications for every
       | creator we bring in. US securities laws also are skewed in favor
       | of the wealthy: it would be very expensive or potentially
       | impossible for us to comply with them if we were issuing
       | securities to small creators who aren't accredited investors.
       | 
       | > If substantial control of the streaming service ever changes
       | hands, we are contractually required to split the proceeds 50/50
       | with the creators on the platform. 50% of streaming profits are
       | distributed to creators based on watch time. Additionally, 1/3 of
       | the revenue from any subscriber is allocated to the creator
       | responsible for bringing in that subscriber.
       | 
       | > Weird that he didn't just ask.
       | 
       | -- Dave Wiskus, CEO of Nebula
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Nebula/comments/1ffnaza/comment/lmx...
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | _we are contractually required to split the proceeds 50 /50
         | with the creators on the platform. 50% of streaming profits are
         | distributed to creators based on watch time. Additionally, 1/3
         | of the revenue from any subscriber is allocated to the creator
         | responsible for bringing in that subscriber._
         | 
         | For tax purposes, if the LLC is taxed as a partnership, these
         | are all considered partnership interests.
        
         | tredre3 wrote:
         | > Weird that he didn't just ask.
         | 
         | Cameron did quote someone who asked him and the answer he got
         | was "it's complicated". There is no reason to think that asking
         | again would have resulted in different/better answer.
         | 
         | Plus, as we see, it's not that complicated. He explained the
         | situation fully in one paragraph so why didn't he when asked in
         | the past?
        
         | socalnate1 wrote:
         | This is the answer. This comment could have replaced that
         | entire medium article and saved us all a lot of time.
        
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