[HN Gopher] 1913: When Hitler, Trotsky, Tito, Freud and Stalin a...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       1913: When Hitler, Trotsky, Tito, Freud and Stalin all lived in the
       same place
        
       Author : samdung
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2024-09-12 15:09 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | > No-one knows if Hitler bumped into Trotsky, or Tito met Stalin.
       | But works like Dr Freud Will See You Now, Mr Hitler - a 2007
       | radio play by Laurence Marks and Maurice Gran - are lively
       | imaginings of such encounters.
       | 
       | Now I want to check this out!
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | It's actually _Mrs_ Hitler (referring to Adolph 's mom):
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Freud_Will_See_You_Now,_Mr...
         | 
         | Can't seem to find any recordings available of the BBC
         | production of it, and BBC doesn't seem to have it available.
         | But you can buy the script here:
         | https://shop.stagescripts.com/categories/plays/full-length/d...
        
         | mikhailfranco wrote:
         | The other much-argued encounter is that Wittgenstein was a year
         | or two above Herr Schicklgruber in high-school. Obviously
         | Ludwig was Jewish, and far more intelligent than Adolf, so it
         | established a fervent resentment... or not.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein#Jewish_bac...
        
       | Joker_vD wrote:
       | Imagine how the history would change if someone managed to
       | smuggle a 20 megaton nuclear bomb into Vienna of 1913? I would
       | read that!
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | That's just it though. Creaking empires would remain as would
         | the politics and attitudes that led to the war and its flow
         | into WW2. Something else would start it. What would it be?
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | Japan and the USSR would start separate expansionist wars.
           | Germany would probably have some form of Nazi party in
           | charge.
           | 
           | Don't know if there would be an actual Axis, but WW2 in the
           | Pacific might be very similar to the original timeline.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | I think that explosion would have been enough to set off WW1.
        
       | causal wrote:
       | If anything this highlights how important Vienna was pre-WW1 and
       | how much that status has changed. I suspect history articles of
       | the future could likewise point to Manhattan as having hosted
       | many famous people simultaneously, and anyone living today
       | wouldn't find that terribly surprising.
        
         | mikhailfranco wrote:
         | Same people.
         | 
         | Many refugees (mostly Jewish) from Vienna went to Manhattan, or
         | the Manhattan Project. A few, like Freud or Popper, stopped in
         | Britain, but many passed through to New York. Bernays (Freud's
         | nephew) used his uncle's psychological insights to invent
         | propaganda, marketing, advertising and PR. Others invented
         | atomic and hydrogen bombs (probably _less_ devastating than
         | therapy and ads :) Some were Soviet atomic spies that reported
         | back to the USSR.
         | 
         | Much of American pre-war/post-war intellectual life is due to
         | European refugees. It's interesting to posit what might have
         | happened without the influx.
        
           | piombisallow wrote:
           | And arguably much of current decline in intellectual
           | standards in the public space is to blame on the integration
           | and Americanization of their descendants.
        
             | thruway516 wrote:
             | Woah! what? Lol. Considering the number of nobel laureates,
             | manhattan project scientists, turing award winners not to
             | mention industry pioneers, prominent cultural figure etc
             | that group has produced it would seem they did the
             | opposite.
        
               | piombisallow wrote:
               | That's what I'm saying, read my comment again. America's
               | highest intellectual achievements came after WW2, when
               | there was the highest influx of European intellectuals
               | (who studied in Europe, or were first generation). The
               | current state of affairs is imo a kind of regression to
               | the mean, where the culture that created them couldn't be
               | reproduced in the US system - thus the integration and
               | americanization of their descendants.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | I think they are essentially claiming that "Americanism"
               | has lower standards than the ethnicities that moved to
               | America as refugees. So the people who were refugees,
               | like all the jewish physicists in the Manhattan project
               | came from culture that valued higher education and
               | socially liberal society and all those good things, while
               | American culture doesn't, so getting them "americanized"
               | makes them value higher education etc less.
               | 
               | Which would be incorrect, as Manhattan ALSO has a hyper
               | conservative Orthodox jewish population which did not
               | assimilate largely and basically caused measles outbreaks
               | because they are vaccine "hesitant"
        
           | frmersdog wrote:
           | The world probably would have missed out on a lot, since
           | American industry (and exploitation) funded their R&D.
           | Additionally, the next generation of (American, born-and-
           | bred) scientists and engineers took us from their
           | breakthroughs to more recent ones. The amazing things that
           | can happen when people who were able to get an education are
           | paid and tasked with something other than selling ads and
           | opioids.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > If anything this highlights how important Vienna was pre-WW1
         | and how much that status has changed.
         | 
         | The status might have changed, but the city remains beautiful,
         | and is an amazing place to visit. It's up there as one of my
         | favourite places. The architecture, museums, galleries, food
         | etc.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Vienna is nice, but also a has-been much like Rome or Athens
           | is. Not just in raw power, but in intellectual capacity - its
           | best minds are gone, or possibly underutilized and working
           | some boring jobs. But given the Holocaust, I would bet on
           | "mostly gone". (Same with Budapest, BTW. There won't be any
           | new Jewish-Hungarian "Martians" like von Neumann or Teller.)
           | 
           | The only pre-WWI European capital that remained truly
           | globally relevant is London.
           | 
           | Istanbul and St. Peterburg are also important megacities,
           | though stripped of their capital status.
        
             | archagon wrote:
             | How do you define global relevance? Plenty of European
             | capitals in this list: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob
             | alization_and_World_Citi...
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Let us say "Top 10".
               | 
               | In 1914, most of the Top 10 cities were in Europe. Today,
               | London and Paris are.
        
       | piombisallow wrote:
       | The Austro-Hungarian Empire and Vienna in particular were an
       | amazing place, a sort of proto-EU that really had a shot at
       | creating lasting prosperity and peace in Europe. I highly
       | recommend Stefan Zweig's "The World of Yesterday", his memoirs of
       | life before WW1. It reads disturbingly like an account of today's
       | world, written just on the cusp of WW3.
        
         | ViktorRay wrote:
         | It's interesting how the way that author you mentioned
         | describes the attitudes and views of his parents and the
         | upbringing he had when he was a young lad growing up in Europe
         | of the 1890's.
         | 
         | It's surprisingly very similar to the attitudes in parents of
         | the 1990's America and the upbringing many of us who grew up in
         | the 1990's....
         | 
         | Was interesting. Especially the way it all shattered after
         | world war 1.
         | 
         | Hell the author fled Europe to escape the Nazis. I read in a
         | history book that that author committed suicide in despair
         | because he thought the Nazis would win.
         | 
         | His memoirs of his life are filled with sadness and melancholy.
         | The enormous optimism that his parents had for him in his
         | upbringing during the 1890's. When his parents and many of
         | their generation believed the march of science would lead to a
         | new century of reason and peace and progress....and then in his
         | lifetime the world descended into a level of brutality and
         | violence and horror that would have been unimaginable in
         | centuries prior...
         | 
         | Poignant stuff
        
           | chx wrote:
           | > I read in a history book that that author committed suicide
           | in despair because he thought the Nazis would win.
           | 
           | [citation needed] heavily so.
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20101014145959/http://www.time.c.
           | ..
           | 
           | > Friends in Brazil said he left a suicide note explaining
           | that he was old, a man without a country, too weary to begin
           | a new life.
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | Dostoevsky really saw the gathering storm clouds, especially
           | in his book, "The Possessed." He did a great job of
           | criticizing the idle status seeking upper classes who were
           | charmed and oblivious to the gathering power of radical
           | ideologies like that of Pyotr Stepanovich and his gang of
           | radicals in that book.
           | 
           | James Lindsay has spent a lot of time talking about the
           | Gnostic and Hermetic currents running through these
           | disastrous revolts against liberal ideas that occurred
           | throughout the 20th century.[1] It seems that the ancient
           | Gnostic and Hermetic cult ideologies and their derivatives,
           | imported into the modern world by Marx, Hegel and Rousseau
           | are exploiters of many unfixed security vulnerabilities in
           | the human psyche, especially in large groups, that are used
           | to regularly create all sorts of mayhem, and pointless
           | civilizational self-destruction by promising easy societal
           | transformation in any way imaginable and a forthcoming great
           | vague unspecified utopia where the details of how it actually
           | would work are considered unimportant.
           | 
           | [1]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk_w2-8snWk
        
             | b800h wrote:
             | To save me watching the video, can you articulate why you
             | believe that Marx was influenced by Gnosticism and
             | Hermeticism?
             | 
             | Is this the Popperian "Plato was an enemy of open society"?
        
               | narrator wrote:
               | Gnosticism has the pattern that there is a demiurge that
               | created this world as a prison. This is the capitalist
               | economy. Gnosticism says that those initiated into secret
               | knowledge will become of aware of the real nature of the
               | world and seek to wake everyone else up. This is the idea
               | of the revolution fixing all problems and bringing about
               | the great communist utopia by transferring all capital
               | ownership to the state. Marx doesn't say a whole lot
               | about how the Utopia would actually operate, those were
               | details Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky were figuring out in
               | Vienna.
               | 
               | Hermeticism, specifically the emerald tablet, says that
               | we can make things become believable by just willing them
               | with our minds. Those who believe the things should be
               | treated preferentially, and those who don't should be
               | persecuted because they stand in the way of the
               | implementation of those things. This applies to Marx's
               | beliefs in the labor theory of value among other totally
               | non-empirically backed beliefs being treated as
               | ideological indisputable truth.
        
               | llamaz wrote:
               | The credit for the labour theory of value goes to Adam
               | Smith, specifically the Wealth of Nations. Whether it was
               | true or not is a separate question, but it was based on
               | empirical data available at the time. Marx is usually
               | credited with it because he altered it, and saw a flaw in
               | Adam Smith's version. The idea that "what something costs
               | is what people are willing to pay for it" was something
               | Adam Smith was familiar with and addressed in the Wealth
               | of Nations.
               | 
               | > Those who believe the things should be treated
               | preferentially, and those who don't should be persecuted
               | because they stand in the way of the implementation of
               | those things.
               | 
               | The Gnostics and followers of Hermes were one of the most
               | hounded and persecuted groups throughout history. The
               | Cathars were wiped out, and Giordano Bruno, an early
               | proponent of the Copernican model of the solar system was
               | burnt at the stake by the inquisition. It seems to be the
               | other way around.
               | 
               | > Hermeticism, specifically the emerald tablet, says that
               | we can make things become believable by just willing them
               | with our minds.
               | 
               | I don't think this is correct, but I can't prove a
               | negative.
        
             | frmersdog wrote:
             | I'm wondering how you square this with fascists being
             | largely responsible for the body count and the most
             | egregious human rights abuses (particularly, for the
             | purposes of this conversation, those attributed to Imperial
             | Japan).
        
               | narrator wrote:
               | Communists believe that classical liberalism does not
               | exist. That all systems are an arbitrary unprincipled
               | prejudiced exercise of power with law and merit being
               | clever illusions hiding raw power and prejudice, so if
               | the communists are not exercising it arbitrarily and with
               | no concern for any principal except raw power on behalf
               | of the proletariat, then someone else must be exercising
               | it on behalf of whoever they think should exercise
               | tyrannical power for the greater good like the Japanese,
               | or the Germans racists.
               | 
               | The fascists have the same gnostic and hermetic beliefs
               | as the communists. For example, the Nazi belief in the
               | control of the world by the inferior and evil races,
               | representing the demiurge and all that garbage.
               | 
               | Liberalism, on the other hand, is based on the idea that
               | there are no special people. No enlightened people with
               | the true knowledge of the world, or special truths that
               | would become true if only everyone started believing
               | them.
        
           | gopher_space wrote:
           | To the person who had a comment removed:
           | 
           | The reason we don't talk like that is because it turned out
           | to encourage wholesale murder. It's not that you're "wrong",
           | it's that you're not singling out the responsible individuals
           | when you could just do that. It comes across as intentionally
           | painting with too broad a brush.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | No they are absolutely wrong. Painting the kinda normal
             | violence of a city with richish criminals as a parallel to
             | the beginning of a _State sanctioned erasing of an
             | ethnicity from their boarders_ is delusion. The case they
             | reference is literally a gang banger who shot a cop.
             | 
             | France is not experiencing a genocide FFS
             | 
             | "We don't talk like that" because being that absurdly
             | catastrophizing, that disingenuous about a situation, is
             | called being a liar.
             | 
             | Imagine calling Al Capone's violence a genocide.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Exactly. The modern take is to try and compare the US to Pre-
         | WW2 Germany. But really the entire Globe is more like pre-WW1
         | so something like Ukraine or Gaza is the flame to start the
         | bomb fire.
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | Maybe if you ignore the vast nuclear arsenals that various
           | countries have aimed at each other at all times..
        
             | piombisallow wrote:
             | How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Let's
             | hope that MAD will deliver lasting world peace.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | What, me worry?
        
           | ill13 wrote:
           | Love the eggcorn as it works in well in context [bomb fire /
           | bonfire]
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | The US is a bit like pre-WW2 Germany, in the sense that a
           | group of power-hungry, self-proclaimed defenders of the
           | people want to overtake government, by whatever means, and
           | suppress basic rights for large groups, based on political
           | conviction and ethnicity.
           | 
           | The world isn't pre-WW1. Russia stands alone in its conflict
           | with Ukraine, and Palestine's neighbors don't give a shit.
           | The only thing that could turn it into a wide scale war, is
           | use of nuclear weapons. It would be a madman's hubris, not
           | geopolitical games of a fading elite that drives the process.
        
             | onemoresoop wrote:
             | > Palestine's neighbors don't give a shit
             | 
             | I wouldn't say that, they just can't do anything about it
             | or whatever they do is emotionally triggered retaliation
             | without thought or strategy such as firing rockets into
             | Israel of which very few explode on land or nor cause any
             | real casualties to Israel.
             | 
             | Had Egypt been ruled by the Muslim Brotherhood they'd
             | likely retaliate against Israel. Then there's Turkey, a
             | serious regional power, they seem to do give some shit,
             | they just can't do much about it.
        
             | aguaviva wrote:
             | Actually, there are lots of things that could happen to
             | "tip the cart" still.
             | 
             | Though unlikely, Trump could (conceivably) win, ditch
             | Ukraine exactly as promised (not in 24 hours but over
             | time), which would of course deeply embolden Putin (and/or
             | lead to a nuclear escalation in itself, particularly if
             | Ukraine does something really desperate). Putin could die
             | (or be assassinated) and easily be replaced with someone
             | way more ideological and/or simply stupid.
             | 
             | Farther afield: though it would irrational in every respect
             | -- China could make its move on Taiwan. And as always, in
             | the Middle East, anything can happen (especially if the
             | current government in Israel stays in power and continues
             | to radicalize and throw oil on the fire).
             | 
             | Any of these could escalate on its own. But it is the
             | prospect of the these three theatres deteriorating rapidly
             | at once that has people up at night. Not so much on WWI or
             | WWII lines, but a different kind of global conflagration
             | altogether.
             | 
             | I'm not a doomer on the prospect, but it's by no means out
             | of the question. These are indeed very unsafe times.
             | 
             | (As an aside, and in line with what the other commenter,
             | it's just not true to say that Palestine's neighbors "don't
             | give a shit". Their interest may not be altruistic, but to
             | many of them the situation there is deeply significant, for
             | a host of geopolitical, ideological, and religious
             | reasons).
        
         | trynumber9 wrote:
         | Though seen by many of its contemporaries as an anachronistic,
         | oppressive state which was doomed to collapse (and it did
         | indeed).
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | > I highly recommend Stefan Zweig's "The World of Yesterday",
         | his memoirs of life before WW1
         | 
         | I'm only about 1/3 in but as far as I can tell Zweig only
         | claimed Vienna to be this "enlightened" place. He's still
         | writing quite a lot of critique of the rest of Austria. He's
         | also fully aware of how fragile that Viennese subculture is.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | The Eastern European population ruled by Austrians lived in
         | abject poverty and there was no talk about making them partake
         | in the prosperity of the elites. The affluence of Vienna did
         | not extend onto the rest of the empire.
        
           | piombisallow wrote:
           | There were multiple projects meant to increase the standard
           | of living in the outer provinces, especially in the ones
           | ruled by the Austrians. Compulsory education,
           | industrialization, electrification. Sarajevo had the first
           | tram system!
        
             | mlinksva wrote:
             | And there was at least some moving to where the opportunity
             | was. I got a hint of this doing some superficial family
             | research; based on graves and directories, some people made
             | their way from a town in Bohemia where everyone with a
             | version of my rare last name seems to come from to Vienna
             | and Trieste (the imperial port city). Reflected in the
             | article too:
             | 
             | > "While not exactly a melting pot, Vienna was its own kind
             | of cultural soup, attracting the ambitious from across the
             | empire," says Dardis McNamee, editor-in-chief of the Vienna
             | Review, Austria's only English-language monthly, who has
             | lived in the city for 17 years. Less than half of the
             | city's two million residents were native born and about a
             | quarter came from Bohemia (now the western Czech Republic)
             | and Moravia (now the eastern Czech Republic), so that Czech
             | was spoken alongside German in many settings.
        
             | RicoElectrico wrote:
             | The Austrian partition of Poland was the poorest (even if
             | it has the most political liberties).
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | Which populations? Because most were ruled by Hungarians.
        
         | mamonster wrote:
         | Zweig was hopelessly delusional about what was actually going
         | on, especially when so many of his contemporaries (Kraus,
         | Musil, Broch to name a few) understood what was happening.
         | 
         | With regard to Vienna, Frohliche Apokalypse(The happy
         | apocalypse) is probably much more accurate than Zweig's
         | cosmopolitan dreams.
        
           | mttpgn wrote:
           | To be fair to Zweig, history's events could have unfolded
           | differently than they did.
        
             | mamonster wrote:
             | They could've, but tbh its just very hard to read the
             | memoirs of a guy who is extremely privileged, uses his
             | family's money to travel around Europe just as it is ready
             | to fall apart completely, and he is just stuck in this
             | cosmopolitan idealism.
             | 
             | I've found Mann to be absolutely insufferable for the exact
             | same reason(although both are very good writers when one
             | only considers literary skills and ignores the actual
             | themes).
        
         | aaaasmile wrote:
         | Also with the Wes Anderson movie "The Grand Budapest Hotel" you
         | can get into the mood.
        
         | thruway516 wrote:
         | Interesting. I too see many parallels with present-day United
         | States. Especially with all the current political turmoil and
         | cultural ferment. History doesn't repeat perfectly but reading
         | about Vienna and Austro-Hungary before the war and knowing what
         | came after out of this melange- Nazism, Communism, Fascism, it
         | feels somewhat portentous.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | I don't see how Austria-Hungary could be seen as a proto EU,
         | unless you mean that they couldn't agree on many things and had
         | muddy compromises on authority and autonomy. How it could have
         | created lasting peace is beyond me. Germany was its natural,
         | but more powerful ally, and France, England and Russia were
         | sworn enemies of Germany, and didn't seem to care for the
         | double monarchy. It had very little credit in world affairs, so
         | how could it have swayed the whole continent?
         | 
         | Also: we're not on the cusp of WW3.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | > unless you mean that they couldn't agree on many things and
           | had muddy compromises on authority and autonomy
           | 
           | Kinda reminds of EU right now...
        
             | ryanmcbride wrote:
             | yes that's part of the point that the comment you're
             | responding to was making
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | Russia also was a complete mess at this time. Its serfdom and
           | class system were oppressive as hell.
           | 
           | To give you one idea: soldiers could never be out of uniform.
           | Officers could strike soldier at any time and routinely did.
           | Soldiers were paid roughly 50 kopeks a month while officers
           | go 50-1000 rubles (100k = 1r).
           | 
           | Europe was also 60 years into the emergence of Communism at
           | this point because there was very little upward mobility from
           | general populace to the higher classes. Sounds more like
           | author bias and wishful thinking but I will add this book to
           | my list to see if I am wrong.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | > Also: we're not on the cusp of WW3.
           | 
           | How could you know that? Are you a time traveller? It is
           | unlikely in any specific year, but over 100 years a 1% chance
           | is likely to happen and the risks seem elevated right now.
           | There isn't anything in particular stopping WW3 and there are
           | lots of ways it could happen (open war with Russia, China or
           | Iran spring to mind, civil war in the US spiralling globally
           | is thinkable, the EU is re-arming and something absurd might
           | happen there for a 3rd time). The US doesn't have the
           | economic sway it used to either, it appears unable to just
           | dictate military terms to its competitors right now which has
           | been a major factor for the last 70 years.
           | 
           | Even a good argument isn't comforting. There were really good
           | arguments why WW1 and WW2 wouldn't break out. In the case of
           | WW2 for example, it was pretty foreseeable what could happen
           | - devastation of Europe, probable defeat of the Germans by a
           | large coalition and a roughly century-long occupation. No
           | real upside for them. Happened anyway. And famously before
           | WWI there was that book that correctly argued that the
           | economic interconnections between European powers was so
           | great that war could only bring economic ruin - which also
           | happened to be right in hindsight, WWI set up some of the
           | most catastrophic economic conditions ever seen and was also
           | the death knell of Europe's long term economic dominance.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > Also: we're not on the cusp of WW3.
             | 
             | >> How could you know that?
             | 
             | We're rather close. All it would take is a major blowup in
             | the Ukraine war. The war has stepped up a notch in the last
             | two days. Ukraine has been attacking Moscow with drones.[1]
             | What if they stop hitting apartment buildings and level the
             | Kremlin? Or Russia steps up attacks on Latvia, a member of
             | NATO.[2]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/10/europe/ukraine-drone-
             | strikes-...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russian-drone-
             | crashes-i...
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Ukraine has been attacking Moscow with drones.
               | 
               | That's not new, see this from a year ago:
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65475333
        
         | shadowtree wrote:
         | It literally forced a bunch of peoples into a single entity run
         | by a family (aka monarchy). It predates the nation state, it
         | was blown up by the very desire of the peoples within it to get
         | out.
         | 
         | Vienna was the center of this entity, not a part of "Austria".
         | Stefan Zweig, being Jewish, also wasn't connected to the native
         | Austrian population - just like most the persons mentioned in
         | the article. Vienna was an unaligned entity, what New York
         | became later.
         | 
         | The backlash against this amalgam fueled WW1 and WW2. It's
         | still reverberating, as can be seen in various European issues
         | today. Bolshevism and its reaction, fascism, geared up to
         | eradicate the old Christian/Aristocratic structures across
         | Europe. The Habsburg emperor wasn't just leading
         | Austria/Hungary, but also the Holy Roman Empire (of German
         | Nation). Christian god-given authority, verbatim.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Bolshevism and its reaction, fascism
           | 
           | One might argue that fascism is a natural consequence of
           | unfettered rabid capitalism, no need for Bolsheviks at all.
        
             | BoingBoomTschak wrote:
             | And one would be wrong, unless by fascism you mean "Italian
             | fascism".
        
             | aaplok wrote:
             | It can be both. The Bolshevik revolution scared the rulers
             | of many European countries, and its capitalist class.
             | People were very impressed that a regime as stable as that
             | of the tsar could fall like that. This is a regime people
             | invested in at the time because it was considered safe.
             | 
             | It is arguably as a consequence of this, that these rulers
             | and capitalists supported more or less enthusiastically
             | fascism as a way to contain the masses. Without that
             | (implicit) support, it's hard to say whether fascism would
             | have been anything more than a bizarre cult.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose
               | but your chains! Let the ruling classes tremble..."
               | 
               | They brought it off. In an era when most of Europe was
               | ruled by weak, aging monarchs.[1] In 1917, most of Europe
               | except for France and Portugal still had a monarch, most
               | with real power.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_last_monarc
               | hs_in_E...
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | It is according to level-headed history.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Some of the nostalgia for A-H empire is driven by the hindsight
         | of "what happened after 1914". Which tends to give you rosy
         | glasses.
         | 
         | The Austrian part (Cisleithania) was okayish place to live,
         | relatively industrially developed (less than Prussia or
         | England), but it had a massive problem with political
         | dysfunction. The Babel of nations was unable to agree on pretty
         | basic things, resulting in paralysis of local and central
         | parliaments and frequent governmental crises. There also was
         | visible, very nasty anti-Semitic resentment. Hitler learnt to
         | hate the Jews from certain Georg Schonerer [0], a rabid
         | Austrian Jew-hater who came up with the idea of a "Final
         | Solution".
         | 
         | The Hungarian part was outright backward and oppressive towards
         | non-Hungarians, who constituted at least half of its
         | population.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ritter_von_Sch%C3%B6nere...
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | It was certainly the most delicate of the 19th century European
         | empires. Its attempts to Germanize its subjects was not what
         | you saw in Prussia/later the German Empire, or as bad as
         | Russification in the Russian Empire.
         | 
         | I see some similarities between Austria-Hungary and Poland-
         | Lithuania. I think their Catholicism is what permitted the
         | tolerance you saw, because it was tolerance of the authentic
         | sort, not the liberal ersatz: they were both Catholic
         | confessional states that tolerated a variety of religious
         | belief pragmatically, but the parameters were openly and
         | decidedly Catholic. And because Catholicism acknowledges that
         | forced conversion is not only impossible, but immoral, as well
         | as counter to the common good, when accommodation of other
         | religions occurs, it occurs genuinely and according to a clear,
         | realistic, and substantive position.
         | 
         | Liberalism, OTOH, simply pretends to be an impossibly big
         | "neutral" tent, but it practices its jihad in secret. No
         | religion is allowed to dominate or function as the organizing
         | principle of the realm, it claims. But liberalism is itself a
         | worldview rooted in a distinctive anthropology, and it is the
         | worldview that reigns. The result is that:
         | 
         | 1) Liberal doctrines become these organizing principles, which
         | are sold as "neutral" and therefore beyond discussion and
         | disagreement, something that leads to their imposition and the
         | undermining of other worldviews. A supposed pragmatic doctrine
         | forces other worldviews into the private sphere, and itself is
         | elevated into an ideology that denies it is one. In a Catholic
         | confessional state, no one is pretending to be "neutral", and
         | so someone of another worldview can accept the Catholic terms
         | of the polity on pragmatic grounds without ever being duped or
         | coerced into thinking these are anything but Catholic terms.
         | They are asserted as true, yes, but toleration is identical to
         | acknowledging and accepting the existence of theoretical
         | disagreement, even if there are pragmatic limits.
         | 
         | 2) The public sphere becomes anemic and restricted to
         | "pragmatic" things like economics, which vulgarizes the
         | culture, elevating consumption into the religion of
         | consumerism. This vulgarization not only produces a vulgar
         | public culture for the polity, but it necessarily spreads into
         | the private sphere and suffocates the dynamism, richness, and
         | higher ends offered by other, more substantive worldviews,
         | hence negating the very tolerance that it purported to have.
         | The net effect is decadence.
        
         | screcth wrote:
         | Life as a rich person in the capital city of an Empire is
         | great.
         | 
         | I doubt that people in conquered territories felt the same way
         | about the Empire.
        
         | mortenjorck wrote:
         | If the Assassin's Creed franchise ever decides to do the
         | Twentieth Century, 1910s Vienna certainly seems like a leading
         | candidate for the setting.
        
       | luckystarr wrote:
       | I've been to Cafe Central. There was a waiter standing outside
       | telling you only to come in whenever a seat has been vacated.
       | Once in it didn't feel crammed, and it was quite the sight. Don't
       | eat "Sacher Torte", it's quite bland for today's standards. The
       | Kaiserschmarrn was fantastic though.
        
         | buildsjets wrote:
         | I worked a 6 month aerospace industry assist detail in Vienna.
         | They put me up in the Hilton hotel on Stadtpark for the entire
         | time. Loved having my breakfasts right across the street in
         | Cafe Pruckel, with their 90 year old tuxedo clad waiters.
         | Interesting to think of the famous persons that may have
         | gathered there in days of yore.
         | 
         | Agree on the Sacher Torte, it's just an extraordinarily dry
         | chocolate layer cake with a bit of apricot jam as the layer
         | separator, enrobed in a tasteless waxy ganache. I tried it all
         | over the city including of course at Hotel Sacher. I'm sure I
         | could make a modern version at home that was actually
         | delicious.
         | 
         | For every hit there is a miss... and for every Wienerschnitzel
         | there is a Tafelspitz.
        
           | spacechild1 wrote:
           | > Agree on the Sacher Torte, it's just an extraordinarily dry
           | chocolate layer cake
           | 
           | That's why it's served with whipped cream :)
        
             | imp0cat wrote:
             | This. It's actually quite delicious when eaten together.
        
           | harry_ord wrote:
           | Tafelspitz is waste of good altweiner backfleisch.
           | 
           | I quite like the Sache Torte in the place I live. More
           | importantly though it's coming up to Krapfen season.
        
       | colinb wrote:
       | There's a rather lovely Tom Stoppard play [0] that centers on the
       | fact that James Joyce, Tristan Zara and Lenin all lived in Zurich
       | in 1917. It's been a long time since I saw it, but I
       | approximately recall a line were one of the characters tells
       | [noted Dada-ist] Zara to sober up with the words "You want
       | multicoloured micturition? Go to Moscow. They'll make you piss
       | blood there!"
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travesties
        
         | fiftyacorn wrote:
         | Didn't lenin meet musolini in Zurich too
        
       | botswana99 wrote:
       | There was also a lot of other cool stuff happening in Vienna in
       | that time period - Math, Philosophy
       | (https://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/deep-roots-digital-era-
       | five-v...), the Arts
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Secession), music
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Viennese_School) and even
       | physics (Boltzmann). Too bad they had to screw it all up by
       | getting all nationalist, nativist, and anti-Semitic.
        
         | mikhailfranco wrote:
         | The best single volume overview is this page-turner, which
         | embraces Vienna and Paris, for math, science, philosophy,
         | literature and art at the turn of the 20th century:
         | 
         |  _The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-
         | Century Thought_
         | 
         | William R. Everdell
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/244346.The_First_Moderns
        
       | roschdal wrote:
       | If only they had let him into Art school...
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | For once the headline is under-selling it, I'm used to hearing
       | this put as "all attended the same cafe".
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | How about _The Man Without Qualities_ for an interesting view of
       | Vienna about then?
        
         | costco wrote:
         | Is it good? I really liked Wittgenstein's Vienna, but I haven't
         | read anything else about the era so I don't have much basis of
         | comparison. Tempted to work on my German so I can understand
         | Karl Kraus though.
        
       | stonethrowaway wrote:
       | Went to Cafe Central one evening without knowing any of this
       | until today. Just on a vacation. The interior was strikingly
       | rustic and I enjoyed the coffee and cake they had but had
       | completely forgotten about it otherwise. I suspect Trotsky and
       | Hitler forgot about it too.
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | Makes you wonder if there's a group of people living somewhere
       | right now in 2024, that will be talked about similarly in 2135...
        
         | ljlolel wrote:
         | Obviously San Francisco
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | Who are you thinking of?
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | Maybe it'll be the people of HN. I wouldn't mind getting
         | romanticized.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Some of the coffee houses are still there. I visited them when I
       | was in Vienna. They aren't the hotbed of revolutionary thought
       | anymore, it seems. Vienna was basically the center of western
       | civilization for quite a while, and it shows to this day.
        
       | UncleSlacky wrote:
       | I have an idea for a great "Young Ones" reboot...
        
       | worstspotgain wrote:
       | I guess that's where the guy running the simulator was zoomed in
       | on for that year.
        
       | Flatcircle wrote:
       | wow
        
       | effed3 wrote:
       | don't forget Karl Kraus, was somewhere around, and has something
       | to say....
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | The first rule of Time Travel is - don't nuke Vienna.
        
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