[HN Gopher] The first release candidate of FreeCAD 1.0 is out
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The first release candidate of FreeCAD 1.0 is out
        
       Author : jstanley
       Score  : 338 points
       Date   : 2024-09-11 20:29 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.freecad.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.freecad.org)
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | Oh wow, super excited to see this posted. Will be on the lookout
       | for updated tutorials. If anyone has good suggestions there, I'm
       | game to check them out.
        
         | cristoperb wrote:
         | I recently found this youtuber. He has a playlist for 0.22
         | (which is the dev version for what will be 1.0):
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWuyJLVUNtc3UYXXfSglV...
        
       | Palomides wrote:
       | prelininary release notes:
       | https://wiki.freecad.org/Release_notes_1.0
       | 
       | the headliner is definitely topological naming improvements
        
         | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
         | I would say the most significant things for most hobby CAD
         | users are:
         | 
         | * topological naming issue mitigations -- this is mostly solved
         | enough that you can rely on it, though there are definitely
         | still times when it makes more sense to use sketches offset
         | from the base planes
         | 
         | * the new integrated Assembly workbench (and solver) though
         | I've not dabbled with this myself
         | 
         | * really significant improvements in the sketcher (easier
         | dimensioning, curved slots, polar arrays and improvements to
         | the array tools controls, offset/scale, automatic midpoint
         | constraints)
         | 
         | * support for bodies with multiple non-overlapping solids in
         | Part Design
         | 
         | * useful subtle improvements to Part Design array tools
         | 
         | * some support for operations (pads/revolves/pockets) on only
         | selected shapes from a sketch in Part Design
         | 
         | * I don't do CNC yet but I think there are improvements in the
         | CNC workbench that would benefit hobbyists.
         | 
         | I would put the UI improvements somewhere lower down the list,
         | frankly, than they do, because I find them often confusing and
         | regularly frustrating on laptop screens, but:
         | 
         | * the new dark theme is really nice
         | 
         | * OpenTheme's dark theme works well
         | 
         | * quick transparency toggling is helpful
         | 
         | * and the optional tab bar for workbench switching helps make
         | various disparate workbench tools just that much quicker to get
         | to, somehow, making it all feel a little closer-knit
        
           | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
           | Polar arrays will bring me running back to FreeCAD. There are
           | some geometries that are really hard to sketch if you can't
           | use polar arrays.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | > the new integrated Assembly workbench (and solver) though
           | I've not dabbled with this myself
           | 
           | FreeCad badly needed this. I will try it out.
           | 
           | Any complex drawing quickly go out of hand without
           | assemblies.
           | 
           | Also, finaly there seem to be some real measurement ulitity!
           | 'Std Measure'.
           | 
           | I've gone made trying to build some parts I made in FreeCad
           | without a sane way to measure distances.
           | 
           | I so want FreeCad to kick some entrenched corp ass.
        
         | alright2565 wrote:
         | IMO the biggest thing is the auto-dimension tool. Instead of
         | remembering 10 different keyboard shortcuts or constantly
         | having to click on the toolbar, I just need to remember a
         | single shortcut.
        
       | eig wrote:
       | Super excited about this! I hope more people will pick it up in
       | the hobbyist space now that Fusion costs money.
       | 
       | I'm not sure what the popularity of these different CAD softwares
       | are. I've seen quite a few hobbyists use OnShape recently, and a
       | few people use OpenScad. I don't think I've seen another FreeCad
       | user in real life though.
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | Hope that the new changes make freecad a little more
         | accessible. Coming from Fusion I really tried to make it work
         | for me but the UI is so awkward and abstruse I quickly gave up.
        
         | qwerpy wrote:
         | > now that Fusion costs money
         | 
         | I know they've been obnoxiously chipping away at the features
         | available in their Personal edition and introducing artificial
         | limitations. But my free installation still works and I haven't
         | seen any indications that it's going away.
        
           | joshvm wrote:
           | Fusion as a CAD engine is great. I've not used the CAM side,
           | and while I used to use Eagle a lot I've tried to invest more
           | energy into Kicad. The online limitations are frustrating
           | though. Randomly and inconsistently not being able to export
           | STLs because of a "translation service error" (when it could
           | 2 minutes ago), or the inability to make drawings with the
           | free edition. I mostly use it because there isn't anything
           | else half as good for OS X that works offline.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Fusion 360 CAM is great for me (hobbyist doing CNC with
             | wood and other materials). It's handled some pretty tough
             | jobs, like a full topo map of california. It's why I pay
             | for the product. I tried the electronics stuff in Fusion
             | and decided not to use it because it didn't work nearly as
             | well as Kicad.
        
             | qwerpy wrote:
             | I used it to do some sheet metal modeling, then sent the
             | models off to a laser cutting/bending service that shipped
             | me the pieces. Then I went back to Fusion to 3d print some
             | brackets/scaffolding using the same sheet metal models as a
             | reference, to assemble the pieces into the finished
             | product. This was during a 3 month leave from work,
             | starting from zero knowledge beforehand. It was probably
             | the most fun I've had in years, and mostly thanks to how
             | slick Fusion is and how many tutorials there are out there.
             | 
             | There are some export formats that it uses cloud machines
             | for, which I think is silly and arbitrary. It's probably
             | done that way to upsell their premium product for faster
             | wait times or unlimited quota. For my uses I was able to
             | select formats that didn't require the cloud.
             | 
             | Fusion is much more polished compared to FreeCAD and so I'm
             | not sure if I'll ever end up making the switch. But I'm
             | glad to see a free alternative, just in case.
        
               | joshvm wrote:
               | Most of the common translation options should work
               | offline (ie Fusion is capable), but Fusion sometimes gets
               | stuck in a weird state where it insists it needs
               | connectivity. Perhaps it's a quota thing but I've never
               | found it to be consistent. This happens fairly often with
               | STLs for 3D printing.
               | 
               | Once it's gotten into that hole it will often refuse to
               | export any other format until connectivity is restored,
               | even if the app is restarted. It's known behaviour, for
               | example the official guidance is that changing binary to
               | ascii might help, or you shouldn't export directly to a
               | slicer when offline, or don't use certain menus. But it
               | seems like a wontfix.
        
         | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
         | OpenSCAD is definitely very popular in the
         | maker/microcontroller/electronics world, which is both a good
         | and bad thing, because it is accessible but also
         | limited/frustrating. It enables some good stuff on Thingiverse
         | but it becomes extremely mathematics-focussed quite quickly.
         | 
         | I do wish more of the code-CAD people would look at Replicad,
         | Build123D and CadQuery.
         | 
         | I personally like FreeCAD a lot, but I won't push people onto
         | it; if they like TinkerCad that's fine.
        
           | aeonik wrote:
           | I just looked at those other code CAD programs, and I don't
           | see the appeal over OpenSCAD.
           | 
           | I have no interest in browser based CAD programs because as
           | models become complex, that platform is too limited in
           | performance.
           | 
           | Python and stateful CAD drawings sound like a nightmare to
           | me.
           | 
           | OpenSCAD has limitations for sure, but I think a better tool
           | will look different.
           | 
           | I do wish OpenSCAD used a more general purpose programming
           | manager.
        
             | hugs wrote:
             | If OpenSCAD had STEP file support, I could do all my design
             | work in it. But it can't, so I can't.
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | Replicad is quicker to render complex things than OpenSCAD
             | -- significantly quicker. It uses an emscripten port of
             | OCC.
             | 
             | It's also embeddable as a library, which means being able
             | to make web-based object customisers: client-side, script-
             | driven tools that don't require CAD knowledge for the user.
             | Like the Thingiverse customiser but on steroids. It's a
             | fascinating project.
             | 
             | And I think it's not the _statefulness_ that is the
             | significant thing about CadQuery and Build123D. It 's the
             | access to a bRep kernel, so you can do operations with
             | faces and vertices, you can reflect (analyse, measure) the
             | model, etc.
             | 
             | Being able to do operations on a generated face or edge
             | means not needing to know (or recalculate) the location of
             | that face in 3D space; it saves you so much in the way of
             | maths.
             | 
             | If you have very simple (or very mathematical!) models,
             | OpenSCAD can help. But once things get complex you just
             | have file after file of variable definitions.
             | 
             | Functional flows on vertexes, edges and faces created by
             | previous operations is much closer to a code equivalent of
             | GUI CAD.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | _Replicad is quicker to render complex things than
               | OpenSCAD -- significantly quicker. It uses an emscripten
               | port of OCC._
               | 
               | OpenSCAD integrated manifold into its codebase though you
               | would need to use a development build to actually use it
               | since the last release is in 2021. I heard manifold is
               | significantly faster than CGAL.
        
               | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
               | That's good to know.
        
             | bvrmn wrote:
             | OpenSCAD basically has no tools to aid complex modeling.
             | You have to know trigonometry and often use pen and paper
             | to calculate points.
             | 
             | Build123d has stateless algebra mode. And you could replace
             | math with simple construction elements and simply ask
             | intersection points.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | > Python and stateful CAD drawings sound like a nightmare
             | to me.
             | 
             | Please correct me if I'm wrong, but it doesn't appear
             | stateful to me. The context managers mostly make the
             | organization of objects be reflected in the organization of
             | the code.
             | 
             | They're stateful in the sense that some bits are part of a
             | larger assembly, but I think that's inherent in the domain.
             | The features of the object have to relate to each other so
             | it knows how to stitch the object together (eg which side
             | of a face is external and which is internal).
        
           | hugs wrote:
           | I got into making all kinds of stuff because of OpenSCAD.
           | It's just enough for 3D printing functional mechanical parts.
           | It's still my first go-to for designs. The downside is
           | OpenSCAD doesn't support import or export of STEP files... So
           | I've also added FreeCAD to my toolbox. But I really wish
           | OpenSCAD would/could do whatever refactor it needed to
           | support STEP.
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | Yes -- the STEP thing was a big part of why I wanted to
             | switch.
             | 
             | I actually switched via CadQuery: a few minutes with that
             | made it clear that the bits I didn't understand (edges,
             | faces, planes, all that stuff that freaked me out) were
             | simple and logical and had a sort of common sense
             | integrity, and that I might as well try to learn them in
             | the context of FreeCAD.
             | 
             | Had Build123D existed at that point, or Replicad, maybe I'd
             | have pushed on for longer. Build123D is my "fallback
             | toolbox" at this point.
             | 
             | I don't think OpenSCAD can _produce_ STEP, ever. Importing
             | it is another matter; that 's a one-way meshing operation.
             | But creating it means having a kernel that understands more
             | than CSG operations -- a bRep kernel like OpenCASCADE, that
             | FreeCAD/Replicad/CadQuery/Build123D etc. use.
             | 
             | You can of course run your OpenSCAD in FreeCAD, but certain
             | operations (hulls, Minkowski I think?) end up as meshes,
             | because there is no easy equivalent. Still, that's better
             | than every operation ending up a mesh.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | I like the idea of OpenSCAD but the language is too
           | functional/immutable for my taste. It's interesting but
           | having to rethink even algorithms with simple loops gets very
           | tiring over time.
           | 
           | A debugger would be very helpful to be able to step through
           | the code.
        
             | filcuk wrote:
             | The rendering is also very slow, even on powerful machines.
        
             | jasonjayr wrote:
             | JSCAD is a thing:
             | 
             | https://openjscad.xyz/
             | 
             | But I really only fight with it because I know JS
             | moderately well.
        
               | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
               | Have you looked at Replicad?
               | 
               | https://replicad.xyz
               | 
               | Similar principles, but a bRep kernel so a much richer
               | API.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | There is now a Python-enabled version:
             | 
             | https://pythonscad.org/
             | 
             | Using the # operator to make things transparent red helps a
             | lot when stepping/iterating through code.
        
               | rqtwteye wrote:
               | I tried that but couldn't make it work on my M1 MacBook.
               | Not sure why.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | Please check in with the developer --- probably best to
               | create an issue at Github:
               | 
               | https://github.com/gsohler/openscad/issues
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | OpenSCAD is a counterfeit CAD! It doesn't Aid your Design so
           | much as render one the user has to already understand. I do
           | like it for simple parametric changes to existing models
           | though.
           | 
           | I wish we had something like it that could be used to create
           | freeCAD macros, as in "Here's a sketch, which FreeCAD
           | translates to OpenSCAD arrays, then runs a script that can do
           | stuff with this model as input"
        
             | bschwindHN wrote:
             | Is that really "counterfeit"? As you mentioned, CAD is
             | Computer-Aided Design, and OpenSCAD is certainly aiding in
             | the design process by interpreting higher level commands
             | about where to place geometry.
             | 
             | I have a lot of criticisms for OpenSCAD but I wouldn't call
             | it a counterfeit, it's just a code-based approach to
             | constructing something vs. a GUI-based approach.
        
               | eternityforest wrote:
               | It's more of a joke/exaggeration, but it does explain why
               | I find it to be so hard to use.
               | 
               | It's much more of a one way conversation, if you can't
               | imagine all the rotations to make a part do something,
               | trial and error is very slow.
               | 
               | Whereas in GUI CAD you mostly only have to be able to
               | think in 2D.
               | 
               | And without a constraint solver, you have to have a much
               | deeper understanding of all the spatial relationships
               | involved.
        
               | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
               | Right -- OpenSCAD is an object compiler. You give it
               | code, it gives you an object.
               | 
               | Your object is not something that can then be used to
               | iterate on, except by placing it in space and adding or
               | subtracting other stuff to/from it.
               | 
               | Have you looked at Build123D or CadQuery?
               | 
               | Both are Python packages (different API styles,
               | compatible underpinnings) that do OpenSCAD-type things,
               | but using the OpenCASCADE bRep kernel, so it is less
               | "counterfeit" -- if you want to do something based on a
               | face or edge or vertex that was the product of a previous
               | operation, you can. Both have some constraints support.
               | 
               | In many ways they are both just a prettier alternative to
               | the FreeCAD Python APIs -- indeed there was a CadQuery
               | workbench for CadQuery 1.x.
        
           | Macuyiko wrote:
           | A few weeks ago I was planning to design a model I could send
           | to a local 3d printer to replace a broken piece in the house
           | for which I knew it would be impossible to find something
           | that would fit exactly.
           | 
           | I looked around through a couple of open source/free
           | offerings and all found them frustrating. Either the focus on
           | easy of use was too limiting, the focus was too much on blob,
           | clay-like modeling rather than strong parametric models (many
           | online tools), or they were too pushy to make you pay, or the
           | UI was not intuitive (FreeCAD).
           | 
           | OpenSCAD was the one which allowed me to get the model done,
           | and I loved the code-first, parametric-first approach and way
           | of thinking. But that said I also found POV-Ray enjoyable to
           | play around with around the 2000s. Build123D looks
           | interesting as well, thanks for recommending that.
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | The major advantage of Build123D for your use case --
             | sending it to someone else to fabricate it -- is STEP
             | output support.
             | 
             | This really expands your options for what you can make and
             | who you can ask to make it. There are now some online
             | fabrication places that will do CNC from mesh formats, but
             | really the only way to have proper control is sending them
             | a STEP file.
        
         | stn8188 wrote:
         | I'm also happy for this. I'm an EE with limited MCAD
         | experience, so I usually hop onto Onshape when I need a custom
         | trinket to 3D print. I did use FreeCAD for a small fixture for
         | my day job earlier this year and I was pleasantly surprised.
         | For someone with no experience, it worked very well and when I
         | lose access to Onshape I'll definitely pick up more with
         | FreeCAD.
        
         | blihp wrote:
         | I use FreeCAD on a very regular basis and can understand why
         | it's not more popular: it's very powerful but has some very
         | sharp edges that will often have me using it in a state of near
         | rage. Topological naming comes to mind but there are other
         | various issues that I've hit like a brick wall (in that you
         | can't work around the bugs/limitations so much as you must
         | rework your design to avoid them which can be tedious and
         | frustrating) when designing something non-trivial.
         | 
         | That said, each release continues to improve it just has
         | further to go than most open source projects.
        
       | daghamm wrote:
       | I've always felt freecad being superior to most other free CAD
       | tools.
       | 
       | But I can almost never get it to work for me. Every time there is
       | a new major release I try it only to rage quit two hours later.
       | Really hope they get someone to help them with stability and UX
       | improvements like Blender did.
        
         | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
         | UX work is ongoing.
         | 
         | Stability is good in the latest dev builds on the Mac, though
         | 0.21.2 is the least crashy I've seen it.
         | 
         | But if you mean stability in terms of model
         | stability/robustness when changing things, that's improved a
         | lot with the topological naming mitigations.
         | 
         | It's still not perfect, and I still think FreeCAD is a
         | lifestyle choice. But I enjoy working in it a lot more.
         | 
         | The Mango Jelly Solutions videos on Youtube are very, very
         | worth a watch if you feel inclined to have another go; they
         | have been the best thing for getting my mind into how FreeCAD
         | works as a package (in the sense that it is a "package" at all
         | -- it's really still a collection of overlapping, macro-
         | programmable toolsets gathered around a kernel).
        
           | tpmoney wrote:
           | I want to second the recommendation for Mango Jelly Solutions
           | videos. I've tried FreeCAD on and off for years and those
           | videos are the first ones that finally helped me wrap my head
           | around some things and be able to use it for a real project.
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | The thing I don't get is, it's over 20 years old. Surely if
           | those th8ngs were ever going to improve they'd have done so
           | over the past 20 years?
        
             | tecleandor wrote:
             | Blender changed, FreeCAD can. Just the topology naming fix
             | is a HUGE change that lots of people could have said a
             | couple years ago that it would never be fixed.
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | CAD is never made quickly, I think.
             | 
             | But FreeCAD was just not that sort of project. It's a C++
             | and Python wrapper around a CAD kernel, supporting a set of
             | tools -- some frustrating tools, some quite powerful or
             | niche, like the ThreadProfile workbench or the guitar
             | workbench -- and it has never bothered the highly technical
             | community of users much to unify things.
             | 
             | They weren't really trying to make a major competitor to
             | commercial CAD: they were trying to have the tools that
             | they individually needed and collaborate on the problems
             | they had in common.
             | 
             | The balance has markedly shifted since 0.18 and now there
             | _is_ that focus, and significant commercial impetus. In the
             | time I have used it -- about three years on and off -- it
             | has clearly become more of a focus to make a complete
             | product.
             | 
             | ETA: there is no doubt that one of the major things that
             | needs to be resolved is the duality between Part workbench
             | and Part Design workbench flows.
             | 
             | There appear to be some discussions about this -- about how
             | to either merge them or create a new, future workflow that
             | makes better use of them.
             | 
             | The crux of it has always been that a section of the
             | community thinks the Part Design feature-oriented flow is a
             | bit of a crutch, being as it is implemented as a set of
             | implicit booleans on top of the basic flow.
             | 
             | Part Design is more fun to use for a beginner, but it is
             | definitely not faster, and one of the real problems is that
             | once you are in the feature flow you are kind of stuck in
             | it -- it's possible to merge in objects made in the Part
             | flow but only in relatively basic ways (starting a PD body
             | with a "base feature", or fusing the PD body with the non-
             | PD stuff at the end).
             | 
             | I would expect future development to look at this much more
             | seriously, but there was and is no point in getting into it
             | in more depth until the major TNP issues are truly behind
             | FreeCAD, because a feature-oriented flow especially relies
             | on there not being problems there.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | For anyone else wondering, TNP seems to mean "Topological
               | naming problem":
               | 
               | https://wiki.freecad.org/Topological_naming_problem
        
         | dbcurtis wrote:
         | Yeah. I have tried and quit a number times. Poor stability has
         | always made it unusable for me. Hopefully this time is better.
         | Still, once I can successfully make a drawing, then what? What
         | exists for CAM posts?
        
           | jononor wrote:
           | The CAM module is called Path, an you can find a list of the
           | post processors included here:
           | https://wiki.freecad.org/CAM_Post
           | 
           | I have milled some basic things using the FreeCAD CAM on a
           | ShopBot 2416 and small custom grbl based CNC. Many years ago
           | now, but things generally look better now. Otherwise I have
           | exported geometry and used external CAM software like VCarve
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | It was called Path -- in 1.x it has been renamed to CAM,
             | which is a much more sensible name.
        
           | systems_glitch wrote:
           | That is our current main issue with FreeCAD, we have to
           | manually create fully dimensioned drawings for our sheet
           | metal shops, and they pull it into whatever they use. Can't
           | just give them a drawing file, CAM export, etc.
        
         | shadowpho wrote:
         | It's usable now. I've been playing with it on and off and it's
         | night and day to what it was before
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | > night and day to what it was before
           | 
           | This reminds me of iirc KiCAD 5 to KiCAD 6. Overnight it went
           | from some weird clearly-Linux program to become a viable
           | product, an excellent one even.
           | 
           | KiCAD uses FreeCAD on the backend for things.
           | 
           | I'd love to see FreeCAD take the same path!!!
           | 
           | However... when I looked at it last year the "let's draw a
           | cup" tutorial was so pathetically bad I closed it and went
           | right back to solidworks without a second thought.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | I think a lot of that is a Cathedral vs. Bazaar problem.
             | 
             | Programmers like to work on problems which are
             | technologically interesting, and they _love_ adding new
             | features. Dealing with technical debt and solving UX /UI
             | issues isn't as much fun, so in a Bazaar model they'll
             | simply _not do it_. The result is a product which feature-
             | wise is very powerful, but UX-wise an absolute nightmare to
             | use.
             | 
             | But when there's a party genuinely interested in the
             | product as a whole, they can push more Cathedral-like UX-
             | focused development. Have a handful of devs focus on UI
             | stuff for a year or two, and it has suddenly turned into a
             | world-class product. Blender and KiCad have gone through
             | this before, and it seems like Ondsel is pushing something
             | similar for FreeCAD. Let's hope it works!
        
             | systems_glitch wrote:
             | The changes from KiCAD 3 => 4 got me to finally switch off
             | EAGLE CAD, for which I had a $1600 license, but could see
             | the looming subscription nonsense coming with Autodesk's
             | interest in EAGLE. IIRC that was the first release after
             | CERN took on development and had been dogfooding it. Every
             | release since then has been a major improvement, and we've
             | converted several customers from Altium to KiCAD in that
             | time.
             | 
             | I can make FreeCAD go, but we still have to manually create
             | dimensioned printsets for our sheet metal shops, rather
             | than just being able to hand off a drawing file. I feel
             | like when we get to the point of just being able to hand
             | off a drawing file, it'll be in a much better place.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | It is not. There are still ridiculous hoops you have to jump
           | through to orient your sketch. The first thing I do is draw
           | an arrow that points up in the sketch and then reorient the
           | sketch. The reason for this is that the attachment editor
           | just randomly picks a "random" orientation based on the
           | "orientation" of the face or datum plane you are using. The
           | attachment editor is fundamentally broken and needs a
           | complete revamp.
           | 
           | The other part is that FreeCAD is still this "enter numbers
           | by hand and hope for the best" CAD tool. When you perform an
           | extrusion, there are no visual arrows to pull the extrusion
           | along. When you do a pocket and it goes in the wrong
           | direction you just see nothing, instead of a transparent
           | preview of the operation that is being attempted.
           | 
           | I say this as someone who built a design in the Assembly 4
           | workbench using dozens of individual parts and probably
           | redesigned every part at least twice. Sure the official
           | assembly workbench is a good idea in the very long run, but
           | they fixed none of the short term pain points I have. You
           | know, things you run into every single damn day. Meanwhile
           | migrating to the new assembly workbench will cost me even
           | more time. I.e. there are switching costs but hardly any
           | benefits.
        
             | jstanley wrote:
             | I tend not to use the assembly workbenches, I just manually
             | position separate bodies in space at the position and
             | orientation I want them.
             | 
             | You can use "LinkGroup" to group a bunch of them together
             | so that they move as one unit.
        
         | ortsa wrote:
         | Blender's got a constraint solver for IK, right? How much
         | spaghetti code do we need to add to give it a full CAD kernel?
         | It already does everything else!
         | 
         | I've honestly wished I could use it to make vector graphics
         | sometimes, but that also needs some of the basic elements of
         | CAD (parallel edges, radius constraints etc). It's so close to
         | parametric modeling too, with the mesh modifiers, drivers, and
         | now geo-nodes.
         | 
         | Of course, I believe there are a few CAD plugins, but I've
         | never used them, so I can't speak to their efficacy.
        
           | digdugdirk wrote:
           | While similar at a glance, the underlying functionality
           | between a 3d modeler and a CAD kernel is tragically
           | completely different.
           | 
           | Even FreeCAD has some fundamental differences (and lack of
           | functionality) between it and other mainline CAD programs.
           | 
           | Hopefully someone with more knowledge and experience than me
           | can hop in and explain more, I'm just a CAD user, not a CAD
           | kernel developer.
        
             | bschwindHN wrote:
             | I'm not an expert either, but it could be compared to
             | bitmap graphics vs. vector graphics.
             | 
             | 3D modelers like blender (or even OpenSCAD) work with a
             | bunch of triangles - there is often not some higher level
             | representation of the geometry. You could put a drill hole
             | in a part, but it ends up as just a ton of triangles that
             | approximate that drill hole, vs. a file format which
             | semantically encodes "there is a cylindrical drill hole at
             | this location, with this vector direction, and this
             | radius".
             | 
             | That's what things like BRep (Boundary Representation) and
             | STEP files give you is that semantic data which describes
             | the part "here are the edges, faces, dimensions, etc.", vs.
             | "here's a bunch of triangles, good luck machining this"
        
               | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
               | > but it could be compared to bitmap graphics vs. vector
               | graphics.
               | 
               | This is very much how I internally understand it and
               | explain it to people, yes!
               | 
               | It is a good analogy for e.g. why it's often a challenge
               | to get something milled with a CNC when you only have an
               | STL file.
               | 
               | STL is like a PNG line drawing: it can be high quality,
               | but it's not describing the drawing. STEP is like SVG:
               | it's more effort to render it, but it contains the
               | instructions to draw it.
        
           | justinclift wrote:
           | There's a bit more to it than that. There's an underlying
           | library which can support solid modelling, but Blender has
           | (or had) such an outdated version that it just wasn't
           | possible.
           | 
           | Back in 2020 someone submitted code to get it working, in
           | order to make solid modelling possible:
           | 
           | https://archive.blender.org/developer/D6807
           | 
           | Unfortunately it looks like no official Blender developer
           | ever took the time to review it, let alone merge it.
           | 
           | Super unfortunate, as it was only about 15 lines changed.
           | Probably would have needed at least one revision though, as
           | one of the changes was just commenting out some lines. That'd
           | likely have needed to be a better conditional instead.
        
           | zevv wrote:
           | There is the excellent CAD sketcher plugin for Blender; this
           | adds a basic 2D parametric/constraint based editor into your
           | workflow, which can convert it's output into a mesh to
           | integrate into your blender model. For more complicated
           | models I typically make 2 or 3 2D constraint models, and use
           | the blender boolean tools to combine this into the final 3D
           | model.
           | 
           | https://www.cadsketcher.com/
        
         | noncoml wrote:
         | I have exactly the same experience here. You can see that the
         | software has tremendous potential with a lot of work put into
         | it, but the UX still sucks balls. Using the mouse to select the
         | element you want is finicky the best. It takes me 5x the time
         | to do the same thing vs fusion or solidworks.
         | 
         | Then there are smaller frustrations like this confusion between
         | "Part workbench" and "Part design workbench" and unhelpful
         | python errors when you try to do something. But I am sure these
         | will be fixed sooner or later. I think once the UX gets an
         | overhaul it will be 90% there!
        
       | observationist wrote:
       | Definitely want to get a link back to the main site in your blog
       | header - right now you have to edit the URL.
       | 
       | Great work! Happy to see this, open and free tools make the world
       | a better place.
        
       | rqtwteye wrote:
       | FreeCAD reminds me a little of the GIMP. Super powerful but
       | somehow the UI is just hard to deal with.
        
         | tylerflick wrote:
         | The workflows are so much harder to remember than Gimp's
         | though. I find myself running back to OpenSCAD every time I
         | give it a shot.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | For simple stuff I've been pleasantly surprised by dune3d:
           | 
           | https://github.com/dune3d/dune3d
        
           | derekp7 wrote:
           | OpenSCAD's main problem is when you get to code of any
           | complexity. I'm ok with the language itself (it looks
           | procedural but is really somewhat declarative), but I keep
           | hitting up against a brick wall with the CSG processing.
           | 
           | Note, however that their nightly builds are much faster, if
           | you enable Manifold (a replacement CSG library that is much
           | faster). In fact, a current design I'm working on wouldn't be
           | possible if I hadn't switched to their nightly builds.
        
       | leros wrote:
       | From what I hear of FreeCAD, it sounds like it's going to be
       | awesome and widely used, but not for 5-10 years. Anyone have
       | enough experience to back that up?
       | 
       | I'm personally using Fusion 360 and OpenSCAD.
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | It works, I 3d print my board games with it.
        
         | jdevy wrote:
         | I have 100s of hours of FreeCAD experience from my day job
         | designing injection molded parts for toys.
         | 
         | For some background, for about ~3-4 years (~5 years ago) I
         | started using FreeCAD 1.18.1 in my job (and even more before
         | that for hobby use). I am used to using open-source software
         | with bad UI, so that's not my major complaint. As long as you
         | stick mostly in the Part Design, Part, and TechDraw
         | workbenches, you should get used to the UI. I used the main
         | branch of FreeCAD up until 1.19.1 but then switched to
         | RealThunder's LinkBranch [2]. I switched for the topological
         | naming fixes (some introduced in this 1.0), assembly workbench
         | (not the same as in this 1.0), and other many quality of life
         | fixes (multiple solids per body and 3D offsets for most Part
         | Design boolean operations). It was never great but it got the
         | job done. As long as you never need complex organic 3D
         | surfaces, FreeCAD can work - or at least the LinkBranch did for
         | me, I'll have to test 1.0.
         | 
         | However, my biggest complaint is with the CAD engine FreeCAD
         | uses: OpenCASCADE (OCCT) [1]. As with most CAD engines, this
         | thing is OLD. It does not like to make NURBS surfaces with true
         | tangency to other faces, and it really doesn't like when
         | fillits cross edges into other faces. You will spend hours
         | adjusting cosmetic geometry so that dress up features like
         | fillits and chamfers will apply. Unless some group of PhDs with
         | some hardcore C/C++ experience come along or the company that
         | develops OCCT gets some major funding, I don't think FreeCAD
         | will improve enough for day-to-day design of complex parts for
         | a long time.
         | 
         | Nowadays, I use Fusion 360. I prefer SolidWorks but Fusion is
         | all my job offers me currently. For a CAD package, and coming
         | from years of FreeCAD, Fusion 360 just works. I have tools for
         | making arbitrary complex surfaces (could still be better), I
         | can create fillets that cross into other faces (most of the
         | time), and I can go back in history and edit features and my
         | model will rebuild itself (to a limit, but even the FreeCAD
         | LinkBranch had more issues than Fusion even though it was
         | better than vanilla 1.19.1 and 1.20 FreeCAD). Fusion also has a
         | proper assembly system, which is essential! You can cheat and
         | create parts in FreeCAD by linking sketches to geometry in
         | other parts, but it can only get you so far before you need to
         | go back in time and everything breaks upon a rebuild.
         | 
         | I hate to say it, but FreeCAD has a lot of work to do other
         | than the UI. I want to use FreeCAD but it wastes too much of my
         | time for professional work. I would still use it for simple
         | hobby projects.
         | 
         | I could talk for hours on this stuff.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/Open-Cascade-SAS/OCCT
         | 
         | [2] https://github.com/realthunder/FreeCAD/releases
        
           | leros wrote:
           | I've heard people compare FreeCAD to KiCad (a PCB design
           | tool). KiCad has been usable for a long time but it's only
           | recently gotten good enough where you might choose to use it
           | over the other choices because it's so good. I've heard
           | FreeCad still has a ways to go before you might choose it
           | over Fusion or something like that.
        
       | rowanG077 wrote:
       | I can't believe people aren't mentioning solvespace. Basically my
       | cad journey started with openscad. Which I quickly discarded for
       | cadquery. Which I used for a bit. And now I use solvespace. Imo
       | they all suck. Solvespace has serious issues with anything round.
       | It's basically a no go to design anything that is round in it. I
       | wanted to design a simple pen like structure with a slot, turned
       | out to be impossible. Perhaps I'll get so annoyed I go back to
       | cadquery...
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | Have you considered, perhaps, trying the FreeCAD 1.0 release
         | candidate? It should be very quick to make this. Part Design ->
         | sketch -> draw your pen shape -> revolution to make it round;
         | then sketch -> pocket to make the slot.
        
         | hantusk wrote:
         | Check out build123d, which has a nicer api for cadquery. I draw
         | sketches in svg if the sketch shapes become too unmanagable to
         | express in code
        
         | bvrmn wrote:
         | +++ for build123d. Just finished TTT tutorial models and it was
         | quite fun. There are some issues with non-regular fillets and
         | 3d offsets but they are minor comparing to FreeCad crashes.
         | Build123d algebra mode is fantastic, especially after your find
         | out how to compose faces from custom line chains. Documentation
         | is good, though many tricks how to get non-trivial tangent
         | points could be found only in examples.
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | Super stoked for this, used to a mechanical engineer and I mainly
       | use solidworks maker or fusion 360 to scratch my itch when I
       | design stuff around the household. As "old school" as the UI is,
       | it has a lot of parallel with catia v5. It's kinda like
       | vim/emacs, you don't get it until you do.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | I once had to deliver multiple DB Catia environments to
         | multiple groups of designers's PCs. We used a chained series of
         | Novell (as was) Zenworks apps (bundles these days). The
         | environments are largely defined through env vars.
         | 
         | So, an app to deliver the various versions of the code,
         | followed by an app to set the env vars for the job in hand,
         | followed by an app to tweak, say drive letters and other things
         | and finally another one to start the interface. All of that lot
         | is defined within a GUI. You could capture the env vars through
         | a "snapshot" - basically a diff. from before and after an
         | application installation on a test machine. Nowadays you'd
         | probably use Ansible and a lot of guesswork and farting around.
         | 
         | I'm a sysadmin but I have been trying to get to grips with
         | FreeCAD for years. Mind you, I once got my parents to buy me a
         | 80287 maths co-pro. so I could run a dodgy copy of AutoCAD 2(?)
         | I gather that the FreeCAD kernel can now deal with a lot of
         | weird stuff and not go mad when you make ill-advised
         | constraints.
         | 
         | As for emacs/vim - not for me mate! I compiled emacs on a
         | Pentium II and decided against it after a while. I tolerate vim
         | because it is ubiquitous, but then so is dandruff.
        
           | syntaxing wrote:
           | Yup, a lot of things show when you use software that was
           | first released from 1998. The first company I worked for that
           | used catia has about 10 seats. A special sysadmin we hired
           | that specialized in CAD admin wrote a special powershell
           | script to set everything up. He was awesome and taught me how
           | to write my own vba macros. I now work for a major automaker
           | and they have these precompiled binaries that does everything
           | for you. It's kinda crazy to think you need a team of
           | engineers to write and maintain an in house codebase just to
           | make sure everything is installed correctly.
        
       | BikeShuester wrote:
       | Just wanted to share my experience with combining OpenCAD and
       | some AI models for small-scale 3D printing projects. So far, it's
       | been a real game-changer. The precision and accuracy have been
       | impressive.
       | 
       | Has anyone else taken this combo to the next level? I'm curious
       | to know if there are any brick walls I'm not seeing yet. Are
       | there limitations or challenges that come with scaling up this
       | approach? Would love to hear about others' experiences with
       | OpenCAD + AI in 3D printing.
        
         | pineaux wrote:
         | Show us what you made until now?
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | What is OpenCAD? Do you mean OpenSCAD? Or FreeCAD?
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | That sounds super interesting. What's the approach you've been
         | using for this?
        
       | Always42 wrote:
       | Unless you have solidworks through your job or school, FreeCAD on
       | mac is the way to go.
       | 
       | Solidworks is great until you have to buy your own license. This
       | costs MULTIPLE thousands of dollars. You cannot purchase a
       | "hobby" version that actually gives you the desktop version. I
       | used solidworks up until my company license got pulled.
       | Additionally im not a student anymore so no luck there.
       | 
       | I used to use Fusion - but it was never as nice as solidworks. My
       | student edition expired and now im out of that to.
       | 
       | Now I use FreeCAD on Mac. Takes time to adjust and I cannot model
       | as quickly, but saving $$$$
        
         | thrtythreeforty wrote:
         | You can rent a non-commercial license for $99 a year. Still
         | sucks because it's the usual SaaS hostage situation.
         | 
         | They also recently raised the price of a real license by making
         | you purchase a couple years of updates (which are typically
         | ~worthless as a user). I was half prepared to swallow the $4k
         | or so but that extra bump made me balk again.
         | 
         | There is no moderately priced, fully featured CAD on the
         | market. Unless FreeCAD has recently overhauled their UI, it is
         | immensely painful to do things which are 2 clicks in
         | Solidworks.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | In the US, a few thousand dollars a year is moderately priced
           | relative to salaries.
        
             | rendx wrote:
             | The US national median salary is $59,384 per year as of Q4
             | 2023.
             | 
             | https://www.sofi.com/learn/content/average-salary-in-us/
        
               | santoshalper wrote:
               | Yeah, but probably not for someone who needs Solidworks
               | for their job.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | Right. How much would you pay for software that saved
               | your $60,000 designer weeks per year?
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | And how many of those saved weeks are being spent
               | fighting draconian licensing software? In a past life I
               | had a few architectural firms as clients and actually
               | getting AutoCAD licensing shit to work was a huge pain
               | point.
        
               | tverbeure wrote:
               | You need to balance those _weeks_ spent fighting
               | licensing issue (seriously?) against the time that 's
               | lost by using a piece of software that is a nightmare to
               | use... if it doesn't crash. Which it does all the time.
               | 
               | Admittedly, it's been 2 years since I last used FreeCAD,
               | but I've spent literally more than a hundred of hours
               | with it trying to make it do what I wanted it to do only
               | to come to the conclusion that mechanical CAD probably
               | just wasn't for me.
               | 
               | And then I tried Onshape and, surprise, it wasn't me
               | after all.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | Irrelevant; such a license would be purchased by the
               | business and wrote off as a loss on the income/loss
               | sheet.
               | 
               | Needless to say, for a business a few or even several
               | thousand dollars a year is practically nothing if it's
               | critical to business operations and ensuring
               | productivity.
               | 
               | If you're buying this for your own personal use? Yeah,
               | you're gonna need a lot of disposable income or some
               | really good justification. For your own small business
               | use? Yeah, you're gonna need to justify that cost against
               | your estimated annual income and other losses.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | What's irrelevant to what? The actual market for CAD
               | software is well funded businesses that are buying it as
               | a productivity tool, so of course their approach to the
               | cost is very relevant when trying to understand the
               | pricing.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | The context was the cost of a Solidworks within the
               | purchasing power of an average salary. Meaning the
               | question posed was whether an _employee_ could buy a
               | Solidworks license.
               | 
               | To that, I say that is irrelevant because just like you
               | said: It's the company that buys and pays for the
               | license, not a singular employee on a salary.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | You realize you are telling me what I meant?
               | 
               | The salary of the employee provides the basis of their
               | cost to the company, so any tool that increases their
               | productivity for a small portion of that cost is
               | something they are going to consider.
               | 
               | I wasn't imagining that the typical person making $60k
               | year would enjoy blowing thousands of dollars on a CAD
               | package. This is why they aren't cheap though, because
               | typical people don't buy CAD packages, companies do.
        
             | tetromino_ wrote:
             | Whose salaries, exactly? In most of the country, that's a
             | couple months rent for an entire middle class family. I
             | earn well, and I cannot imagine ever paying that much for
             | any piece of software unless I needed it for a profit-
             | making venture and the ROI was very obvious and very
             | positive.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | _any piece of software unless I needed it for a profit-
               | making venture and the ROI was very obvious and very
               | positive._
               | 
               | Yes, that's right. Weird that a business making powerful
               | software is targeting that market and not hobbyists.
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | Fusion was initially (and still is to some extent)
               | targeted explicitly at hobbyists. At one point the CEO
               | made lots of noise about his commitment to the maker
               | community. 'Course since then Autodesk went from a
               | company run by a maker to a company run by a marketing
               | dweeb and a beancounter.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | Sorry, but Autodesk was always run by beancounters. They
               | wanted their share in office products, and went lucky
               | with CAD. Read John Walkers "Autodesk Files".
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | In the context of Fusion, it was the pet project of Carl
               | Bass who is very much a maker. He constantly championed
               | free access for hobbyists to Fusion 360. I suspect a big
               | part of his departure was due to not having any path
               | towards monetizing the huge cash sink that was Fusion.
               | Bass' replacement was the _chief marketing officer_.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | People that use CAD for a full time job? 2k/yr is
               | basically nothing. As a business expensive it's a
               | rounding error.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | Right but there are people who use CAD for 3D printing
               | projects around the house too. For them a few thousand a
               | year is extreme.
        
           | k1musab1 wrote:
           | You should try Ondsel fork of FreeCad.
        
             | thrtythreeforty wrote:
             | Once they release 2024.3 I probably will! They are
             | definitely saying all the right things. I filled out their
             | user survey and was pleased to see UI/UX at the top of the
             | responses. If they start delivering meaningful UI revamp I
             | will certainly send them some money - I cannot express how
             | much I want a KiCAD equivalent for mechanical CAD to exist.
        
           | starky wrote:
           | Solidworks perpetual licensing has always had an annual
           | maintenance fee associated with it, but they changed it a
           | couple years ago where if you let your maintenance
           | subscription lapse they charge you for the years you missed
           | plus an additional fee. They also increased their maintenance
           | prices by like 30% last year.
           | 
           | So we are now in the process of switching to Creo which,
           | while being a user experience nightmare, is so much more
           | stable and runs faster than Solidworks.
           | 
           | Agreed about FreeCAD, the user interface is terrible and even
           | though Ondsel exists I just can't stand the way the program
           | works. As much as I want to use FOSS software there really
           | isn't much that beats the commercial products if you have
           | access to them.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | > ... about FreeCAD, the user interface is terrible and
             | even though Ondsel exists I just can't stand the way the
             | program works.
             | 
             | FreeCAD seems to operate in the same way as Catia (ie
             | v5/v6), or at least have been developed to follow the same
             | approach to things.
             | 
             | Saying that as I used to use Catia years ago, so the
             | FreeCAD approach wasn't completely foreign.
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | It's beyond that though. How many different,
               | incompatible, assembly bench plugins are there these
               | days?
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Ondsel helps a lot with that. FreeCAD 1.0 I think also
               | now has a default Assembly bench.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Yeah, the different, incompatible assembly plugins is why
               | I stopped using FreeCAD a few years ago.
               | 
               | That's reportedly been fixed (guess they picked a
               | winner?), but I haven't taken a look since. I probably
               | will, at some point, but I generally have a different
               | focus these days.
        
               | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
               | They didn't pick a winner. They (Ondsel and others)
               | evaluated all the workbenches, chose the best ideas and
               | built a new workbench around a new (well, new to C++)
               | solver.
               | 
               | There was an Ondsel blog post about this:
               | 
               | https://ondsel.com/blog/default-assembly-workbench-7/
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Thanks, that's good info. It sounds like a really optimal
               | outcome. :)
        
           | mandarax8 wrote:
           | > There is no moderately priced, fully featured CAD on the
           | market.
           | 
           | BricsCAD?
        
             | _flux wrote:
             | I've been looking for a while at BricsCAD (as an
             | alternative to VariCAD), but when you add in sheet metal
             | folding _and ability to export and import STEP_ , it starts
             | getting expensive.
             | 
             | I just checked their site and their 20% off prices actually
             | seem reasonable--at least before realizing they are yearly
             | costs.. They do sell also perpetual licenses where you pay
             | for the product of your selection and then a yearly
             | maintenance fee, and this would perhaps make the most sense
             | for a hobbyist, but this already feels a bit expensive.
             | 
             | I've been trying to get into FreeCAD, but some of my
             | existing models seem to be a bit slow with it, not to
             | mention the different workflow. But I'll give 1.0 a shot!
        
               | wakeupcall wrote:
               | BricsCAD is ok. It's more of a direct modeler with
               | constraint support though. It may or may not matter to
               | you depending on the kind of work.
               | 
               | I tried it for a while, and while I generally liked it,
               | also got stumped by the artificial limitation of STEP
               | import/export, which made it a non-starter even for hobby
               | projects. This is, IMHO, the dumbest thing they could do
               | in terms of licensing.
        
           | 1jss wrote:
           | Yes, I had a really hard time getting used to the UI. Later
           | found the ModernUI Workbench plugin which made it a whole lot
           | better. https://wiki.freecad.org/ModernUI_Workbench
           | 
           | edit: This plugin seems unmaintained and Ondsel is probably
           | the way to go now if you want a better organized UI.
        
           | _glass wrote:
           | How about https://www.plasticity.xyz/? I didn't try yet, but
           | looks great.
        
             | linsomniac wrote:
             | I just picked up Plasticity earlier this week to start
             | trying to learn it, it's been on my radar for a while. I've
             | been using TinkerCAD for years for making my simple models,
             | and it works really well for the basics but there are
             | things that become painful there that Plasticity has
             | promise of making a lot easier.
             | 
             | One of the first tutorials I went through was really
             | frustrating though. Some of it may be that Plasticity is a
             | quickly moving target right now (lots of tutorials are for
             | v0.x or 1.4, with current being v24, for an idea).
             | 
             | A lot of the pain was this tutorial just didn't touch on
             | the basics it was assuming you knew. Some of it was just
             | getting used to the tool and figuring out what mode you are
             | in and which you need to be in to accomplish what you need
             | to do. I struggled a lot with just getting keyboard
             | shortcuts and the trackpad navigation to work. I never did
             | find a description of mouse/trackpad mappings (possibly
             | made worse by there being ~5 themes you can select from).
             | 
             | It shows a lot of promise, but there's going to be a bit of
             | a learning curve. But there was a learning curve on
             | TinkerCAD too, I just need to keep that in mind.
             | 
             | Pricing is ok: free 30 day trial, $150 for a license with 1
             | year of updates, and $299 for the Studio license. I don't
             | use CAD that much, like maybe a model a month or less, so
             | it's kind of a big bite to take for me personally,
             | especially with it being young and likely to need to spend
             | $150/year for a while here as it's revving up. The Studio
             | version's xNURBS feature seems like it might be really
             | enticing, but just makes that even harder for me to bite
             | off.
             | 
             | I probably should try OnShape just because they do have
             | that free plan.
             | 
             | I'm also looking at OpenSCAD for doing parameterized
             | models. I installed it last night and asked Perplexity AI
             | to generate a model, and it made a good start at it, but
             | couldn't quite get the tongue-and-groove right.
        
           | StillBored wrote:
           | Alibre Atom3d? I too have failed at freecad, and am a
           | fusion360 exile. The old school "purchase your software"
           | lifetime license model and the fact that I've not needed the
           | "advanced 3d modeling" feature of Design pro for my 3d
           | printing/etc needs has kept me fairly happy with it. They
           | have a free/hobbyist version, but I just paid them for the
           | basic atom3d (when it went on sale??) a while back.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | You can get a cheap license if you're current or former
         | military. (US at least)
        
           | vlachen wrote:
           | Cheap license of _what?_ SolidWorks? Fusion? OnShape?
           | 
           | Edit: I can google that. I was just surprised that I've been
           | using the stuff at work for over a decade and I am juat _now_
           | hearing about it.
        
             | lambda wrote:
             | You can use OnShape for free as long as you're OK with the
             | models being publicly visible. I find that fine for
             | learning and personal projects.
             | 
             | I've dabbled with OnShape, FreeCAD, and SolveSpace, and of
             | them SolveSpace is the one I've ended up using the most.
             | OnShape was nice, the GUI was pretty intuitive, I liked the
             | way it worked, but I just feel weird trusting anything to a
             | free plan on a cloud service. I don't really mind the
             | public part, but it always felt tenuous that the plan would
             | remain free so I didn't really feel like I could trust it
             | long term.
             | 
             | FreeCAD was complicated and opaque, I never really put in
             | the time to learn it, it just felt a bit clunky, but I keep
             | meaning to come back to it.
             | 
             | SolveSpace seemed a bit mysterious at first, but just a bit
             | of learning and I found myself pretty comfortable with it.
             | It's not nearly as fully featured as some of the others,
             | but it clicked well for me.
             | 
             | SolveSpace and FreeCAD are both FLOSS software.
        
               | vlachen wrote:
               | I've done some FreeCAD and OpenCAD, but SolveSpace is a
               | new one to me. Will scope it out.
               | 
               | FWIW, I agree on the free platform thing. I can't bring
               | myself to put my actual projects on there.
        
               | emmelaich wrote:
               | Have a look at zoo.dev too. Formerly KittyCAD.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | It's the educational version of Solidworks --- did it a
             | while back when my son was in high school and he found it
             | useful for doing his CAD homework.
        
         | tohnjitor wrote:
         | There is now a USD$10/month subscription for Solidworks. The
         | software includes an astounding amount of bloat but it does
         | work.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | Yeah, the OSS aspect of FreeCAD is a win for sure.
         | 
         | With Solidworks, they have things like the "Maker" edition
         | which is only US$48 per year:
         | 
         | https://www.solidworks.com/solution/3dexperience-solidworks-...
         | 
         | I grabbed a perpetual license for the Maker edition when it
         | first came out (free at the time) though I don't think I ever
         | got around to really using it. ;)
        
         | alvah wrote:
         | Why "on Mac"? Is it required? I'm interested in trying out
         | anything that might help to break Autodesk's monopoly, but not
         | at the expense of having to use a Mac.
        
           | progbits wrote:
           | Yeah there is zero reason for mac.
           | 
           | Freecad on Linux is great, and for commercial packages,
           | onshape on chromium on Linux runs better for me than fusion
           | on windows did.
        
             | 34679 wrote:
             | When I tried out FreeCAD on Ubuntu a couple years ago, it
             | was an extremely frustrating experience. I was following a
             | tutorial for new users until I got to a part with a simple
             | instruction that involved clicking a button on the toolbar.
             | The only problem was, the button wasn't there, and the
             | instruction was so simple that it didn't specifically say
             | "click this button at this location", it was more like "do
             | this thing". It was worded in a way that made me think "it
             | must be obvious and simple, why can't I figure this out?"
             | After way too much time spent digging through menus, trying
             | to configure the UI and searching online for a solution, I
             | installed the Windows version out of frustration. The
             | button was right there, front and center. The Linux version
             | I had installed was just straight up missing it.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | FreeCAD has come a long way since then, although it still
               | has a pretty steep learning curve. Once you get the
               | paradigm of it, though, it's manageable.
               | 
               | I use it most days, and am very happy with it. Although
               | I'm not an actual designer and I don't have a great deal
               | of experience with other CAD software.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | I read it as "I have a mac and this is what's available", not
           | "you should get a Mac in order to run this program".
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | Probably OP's only as experience of FreeCAD and other CAD
           | software on mac
        
         | cruffle_duffle wrote:
         | Onshape has been my cad software of choice for all my local 3d
         | printing needs. It's honestly pretty damn good.
        
           | tverbeure wrote:
           | As a recovering FreeCAD user: Onshape is amazing.
        
             | kamranjon wrote:
             | Same boat. Onshape is so intuitive. What many people don't
             | realize is that onshape is free as long as you don't mind
             | your designs being public. All of my designs are open
             | source so for me it's actually a benefit.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | This. Onshape just works. Even their sheet metal tool is
           | quick and easy.
        
           | wakeupcall wrote:
           | Onshape is great. I use it as well for random things.
           | 
           | I do expect them to do a pull-rug on the free license at some
           | point, like fusion did, especially now that they've been
           | bought by PTC. If they do, the commercial license is too
           | expensive IMHO compared to other offerings for what they
           | offer.
           | 
           | I had the option to use the educational license at some
           | point, but we couldn't get to renew it (ironically, we got a
           | dirt-cheap Creo license afterwards).
           | 
           | Just to keep things in mind it can go anyday from free to
           | too-expensive.
           | 
           | I had a few complex designs in fusion360 I essentially lost
           | at some points due to the price hikes. I decided to endure
           | the pain in freecad. It's getting better.
        
         | vidanay wrote:
         | My first experience with 3D was with AutoCAD 10 or 11 when they
         | had "2 1/2"D. I've used ProE, Catia, Unigraphics, SolidEdge,
         | Solidworks, Inventor, etc.
         | 
         | The workflows in FreeCAD are completely irregular and alien
         | compared to those others. It's incredibly frustrating to use
         | and I have had zero luck becoming fluent in it.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | I recommend Ondsel as well, which is free without restrictions
         | (they have paid tiers that have cloud features, but those
         | aren't necessary). They should include the FreeCAD 1.0 fixes in
         | a few days. HUGE improvement to the FreeCAD GUI, and it saves
         | in FreeCAD format so you're not stuck.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | It's also worth noting that they work with FreeCAD and make
           | pushes to them too. So using either helps both. I've been
           | very happy with the developers and they are very responsive
           | on GitHub.
        
             | lazulicurio wrote:
             | Just to start, I want to acknowledge that the problem space
             | is tremendously complex; the FreeCAD developers have put in
             | a lot of effort and it's amazing that a project like
             | FreeCAD exists at all.
             | 
             | Not trying to disrespect the other FreeCAD developers, but
             | it seems like things have improved remarkably since ondsel
             | started taking a more active role.
             | 
             | The project seemed to exhibit a (common) impulse to
             | prioritize extensibility too much. The "workbench"
             | architecture and python API let you do some really neat
             | stuff if you're willing to dig into the weeds. But, from
             | the perspective of a community outsider (so take it with a
             | grain of salt), the development process seemed to be a good
             | example of Conway's Law in action. The workbenches let
             | everyone have their own sub-projects to manage without
             | stepping on each other's toes. This led to a lot of
             | resulting complexities, inconsistencies, and instabilities,
             | which made the approach a net negative (imo) in terms of
             | tradeoffs.
             | 
             | With ondsel, there's been more focus on holistic
             | improvements and getting the individual modules working
             | together more smoothly, which I greatly appreciate.
        
           | wakeupcall wrote:
           | I still recommend RealThunder's fork
           | (https://github.com/realthunder/FreeCAD/) at the moment, even
           | though his fork is a bit lagging at the moment.
           | 
           | Most of his contributions to the topology fixes got merged
           | back into freecad now, but his enhancements to UI/behavior
           | aren't (yet), and they make a night and day compared to
           | ondsel too.
           | 
           | I didn't find any significant limitation to RealThunder's
           | assembly3.
           | 
           | In any case, while far from most commercial offerings,
           | FreeCAD is progressing and the future looks bright. I've
           | stopped using f360/onshape in the last years for my hobby
           | designs. Once you know the specific limitations of
           | freecad+occt (something you learn in each cad program) and
           | how to work them around effectively, it's already pretty
           | powerful.
        
         | hobofan wrote:
         | > My student edition expired and now im out of that to.
         | 
         | There is a "personal" version of Fusion 360 which isn't tied to
         | enrollment. It has some limitations (only 10 "active"
         | documents; some advanced features are locked), but overall, I
         | think that's still the most accessible entry to CAD for
         | hobbyist makers, especially with all the tutorials for it out
         | there.
         | 
         | I think that with the current state and trajectory of
         | FreeCAD/Ondsel, they have a realistic chance of catching on.
         | However if FreeCAD really wants to be the version that is
         | installed (rather than Ondsel), I think they really have to get
         | to a more regular release cadence.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | One day these guys are going to look up and FreeCAD is going to
         | be the industry standard. All because they didn't know how to
         | license individuals.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Why not use the hobbyist version of Fusion? it's free for non
         | commercial use.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | That looks very limited judging by the product page. I design
           | buildings and property plans. Will this design structures in
           | 3D and produce elevations and floor plans from those?
        
         | resource_waste wrote:
         | "on mac"
         | 
         | Apple is GOAT at marketing. Incredible how much control they
         | have over people.
        
           | wickedsight wrote:
           | Yeah, because nobody ever writes 'on Windows' or 'on Linux'.
           | It's really only Mac users who every specify which platform
           | they're recommending something about.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | What do you mean? They are just saying that their experience
           | is with mac, so they recommend the mac version? If anything
           | the incredible thing is that such a normal statement can
           | actually be perceived as something else as soon as Apple is
           | mentioned.
        
           | slater wrote:
           | Couldn't possibly be that they also make good stuff. Crazy
           | talk!
        
         | dgroshev wrote:
         | SOLIDWORKS for Makers is $48/year [1]. That subscription
         | includes a proper SOLIDWORKS installation, Dassault is pushing
         | their web stuff, but you don't need to use it. Also, it uses
         | local files by default, unlike Fusion [2]. The subscription
         | comes with a no-commercial-use clause and the files can't be
         | opened in the commercial version, but I'm sure if push comes to
         | shove the file thing will be fixed on the high seas.
         | 
         | Re: Mac: SOLIDWORKS runs perfectly well in Parallels on M1. I
         | moved from Fusion and it's been great. Just having fully
         | working G3 surfaces/constraints [3] and patterning on sketch
         | points alone is worth the expense.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.solidworks.com/solution/3dexperience-
         | solidworks-...
         | 
         | [2] Recently Autodesk changed the policy and now Fusion360 will
         | remove your files if you don't pay and not log in for a year.
         | 
         | [3] Something that I don't think we'll ever see in FreeCAD,
         | considering the pace of Open CASCADE development
         | https://git.dev.opencascade.org/gitweb/?p=occt.git
        
         | tomkinstinch wrote:
         | Looking forward to the day when FreeCAD is a viable and stable
         | option for free parametric CAD. There are a few free options
         | for direct modeling, but not for parametric design.
         | 
         | As far as commercial software goes, my current favorite CAD
         | software for hobby use is Rhino[1]. It's not parametric[2], but
         | it's stable, fast[3], can import and export a wide variety of
         | 3D file types, and it's pay-once-per-major-release. It's not
         | cloud-based. The marketing around it seems to emphasize
         | design/architecture/artistic use cases, but it also works well
         | for dimensionally-accurate mechanical parts.
         | 
         | For those eligible for a student license, the pricing is
         | reasonable (cheaper still if you shop around among third-party
         | edu software vendors). Surprisingly, the student license also
         | allows commercial use.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.rhino3d.com
         | 
         | 2. Well, Rhino is not parametric in the usual sketch-based way.
         | People do wild things with the Grasshopper plugin.
         | 
         | 3. Rhino also runs on macOS, w/ hardware acceleration of
         | graphics via Metal
        
       | Nezghul wrote:
       | I personally consider FreeCAD very far from stable. All I need to
       | do is to open random example projects to speedrun to some
       | warning/error/exception/segfault.
        
         | declan_roberts wrote:
         | I find it exceedingly frustrating to use.
         | 
         | I knew I was in for a bad experience when I opened it up for
         | the first time and I couldn't even select some components of
         | the screen because the high resolution DPI monitor made some
         | things unclickable because the pixel boundary box was
         | impossibly small.
        
       | IgorPartola wrote:
       | Does anyone have any good resources on learning FreeCAD? I didn't
       | exactly find the interface approachable. Typically I use OpenSCAD
       | for my basic 3D modeling needs.
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | I think the interface had improved recently.
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | The Hackspace folks did a series of articles and put them out
         | as a PDF:
         | 
         | https://hackspace.raspberrypi.com/books/freecad
         | 
         | (last time I printed it, I had to add a blank to get things to
         | duplex right)
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | YouTube.
         | 
         | I make some pretty basic things to 3d print with FreeCAD and
         | everything I've learned came from YouTube.
         | 
         | Typically for me it just new part, new spreadsheet, part
         | design, sketch with dimensions parameterized from spreadsheet.
         | Pad or some other boolean of solids, repeat starting at new
         | sketch.
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | I like JokoEngineering's tutorial videos:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odr5viqPwkc
         | 
         | My first tip for most people would be to start with the Part
         | Design workbench, although if you're coming from OpenSCAD, you
         | might prefer the Part workbench. FreeCAD has many different
         | workbenches for handling various use cases, such as
         | architectural models, surface trimeshes, 2D machine shop
         | drawings, and so on. The various workbenches do mostly work
         | together well, but for a beginner it's intimidating to have so
         | many options.
         | 
         | "Part Design" is probably the most familiar approach for people
         | coming from high-end CAD programs like SolidWorks; it uses the
         | 2D sketch + extrude workflow. The similarly-named Part
         | workbench is for people who prefer to think in terms of boolean
         | operations on solids, which is generally the OpenSCAD way.
        
         | infogulch wrote:
         | Commenters in another thread recommend Mango Jelly tutorials.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41515552
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/@MangoJellySolutions
        
         | ragingroosevelt wrote:
         | Not freecad related, but if you like programmatic cad like
         | openscad, you may like cadquery even more. A lot of operations
         | are way more natural and you can export step, not just stl.
        
       | globalnode wrote:
       | Also, librecad is great for 2d work, house plans, projected
       | profile views etc.
        
       | mark-r wrote:
       | It's a little annoying that I couldn't find a description on
       | their site of what FreeCAD actually is.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | It's a free CAD software?
        
           | mark-r wrote:
           | Yes, that part's obvious just by the name. But what OS does
           | it run on, or does it run in the browser? What features does
           | it have?
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | It is C++/Qt/Python/OpenCASCADE, runs on Linux, Windows,
             | Mac.
             | 
             | Pretty low compromise in terms of portability; surprisingly
             | good on Mac, has ARM support. I think on FreeBSD/OpenBSD as
             | well via ports.
             | 
             | It is a bRep GUI CAD system with 2D drafting, 3D CAD, a
             | technical drawing workbench, FEM, mesh tools etc., and now
             | a core CAD assembly tool. It has a "workbench" (think GUI
             | plugins for specific task) approach, supports macro
             | recording of Python macros, has many third-party
             | workbenches, It is constraints-based and fully parametric:
             | designs recompute and reflow when underlying measurements
             | change.
             | 
             | It's also a 20 year labour of love by a bunch of CAD users.
             | 
             | If you are familiar with QGIS, it's really a lot like that
             | but for CAD. It's less like GIMP than some people say, but
             | it is a bit like GIMP (and like GIMP, is in a long battle
             | with a core architectural problem; FreeCAD 1.0 includes a
             | big victory over its worst core problem)
        
             | kayge wrote:
             | Here ya go!
             | 
             | https://wiki.freecad.org/Frequently_asked_questions
             | 
             | https://www.freecad.org/features.php
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | If you ever rage quitted FreeCAD then give OpenSCAD a try. It's
       | completely different workflow and I love it. It perfectly clicked
       | with the way I work and think.
        
         | marmakoide wrote:
         | I rage quitted OpenSCAD for FreeCAD :p
         | 
         | For real, because I am way more productive with FreeCAD.
         | FreeCAD allows to work in term of topological features like
         | surfaces, edges, etc which is, in practice, very cumbersome
         | with OpenSCAD.
        
         | guitarbill wrote:
         | If you like OpenSCAD but want a fillet or two and STEP export,
         | Build123d is great also.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Sadly, the UX is still pants compared to Shapr3D or Fusion. Yes,
       | it looks slightly better and there are improvements, but still
       | very far from being enough to match either of them in terms of
       | actual workflow.
       | 
       | My biggest gripe is that it still feels like a bit of a bag of
       | squirrels (changing workbenches can still lead to unpredictable
       | results and importing STEP is still buggy).
        
       | emmelaich wrote:
       | Better link would not to the comments but to the page.
       | 
       | https://blog.freecad.org/2024/09/10/the-first-release-candid...
        
         | rubyfan wrote:
         | Also this for people wanting to know more about FreeCAD.
         | 
         | https://www.freecad.org/
         | 
         | There was no link to the main site from the blog on mobile.
        
       | marmakoide wrote:
       | Fixing the topological naming issue, in the mainline, what a game
       | changer.
       | 
       | I am using Freecad for Actual Real Things. I learned to work
       | around the topological naming issue, but it cost me time, and it
       | can make parametric models quite brittle (ie. a minor change can
       | break the model).
        
         | jononor wrote:
         | Yeah I am very much looking forward to that. Over the last 10
         | years I have made a couple of hundreds of designs in FreeCAD
         | that I have manufactured in smal scale - with FDM/SLA/SLS 3d
         | printing, CO2/fiber laser, and CNC milling in
         | woods/plastics/metals. So it has been plenty productive. But
         | quite often doing workarounds for the topological naming
         | problem, either preemptively or corrective. Maybe I will start
         | to teach it again to others :)
        
         | guerby wrote:
         | Was curious about the issue, found this:
         | https://wiki.freecad.org/Topological_naming_problem
        
       | resource_waste wrote:
       | I've completed huge projects on FreeCAD. Highly recommended.
       | 
       | I imagine lots of complaints are either outdated, or by people
       | who are used to different CAD systems and expect them to work
       | exactly the same.
       | 
       | I've tried and worked with Catia, solidworks, and fusion 360, and
       | I can easily complain about each of those for being confusing.
        
       | LanternLight83 wrote:
       | I got a printer recently, tried Blender bc it was what I knew,
       | then FreeCAD, OpenSCAD, CadQuery, and Build123D. The last two are
       | Python frameworks built on the same OpenCascade kernal that
       | powers FreeCAD, and I really reccomend them to software folks
       | looking to work in version-controlled plain-text.
        
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