[HN Gopher] A Uruguayan company teaches people how to turn regul...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Uruguayan company teaches people how to turn regular cars into
       EVs
        
       Author : Geekette
       Score  : 213 points
       Date   : 2024-09-11 16:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (restofworld.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (restofworld.org)
        
       | krunck wrote:
       | This is what the world needs.
        
       | aanet wrote:
       | This is encouraging. We need more of these EV retro-fit kits in
       | developing countries, where buying EVs is prohibitively
       | expensive. Obviously, we need a way of safety certifying the kits
       | and the end product as well.
       | 
       | Uruguay is among the most developed countries [1] in South
       | America (2024 nominal GDP per capita: ~$23K; Chile ~$16.5K) with
       | human development index of 0.83 (very high). Yet, the list price
       | of new vehicles is easily 1.5x - 2x that in the US, and EVs are
       | quite out of reach for most residents. (ex: Honda Civic HEV is
       | listed for USD 55K [2])
       | 
       | By offering modestly priced EV retrofit kits, a market need is
       | clearly being met.
       | 
       | - [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Uruguay - [2]
       | https://www.hondauruguay.com/civic-e-hev.html
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | > Yet, the list price of new vehicles is easily 1.5x - 2x that
         | in the US
         | 
         | I'm assuming this is because of taxes or import tariffs, or
         | something similarly self-imposed?
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | Yes. Substantial taxes on imports for vehicles from outside
           | Mercosur, also taxes based on engine size and a few other
           | parameters.
        
             | beaglesss wrote:
             | Genius. Incentivize economic production in industries where
             | you have less comparative advantage. A common story of
             | contribution to poverty in SA, although to be fair Uruguay
             | is better than most others on the continent.
        
               | throw_pm23 wrote:
               | How do you build that comparative advantage though? You
               | think Japan or South Korea didn't have protectionist
               | policies until they figured out how to produce such
               | things competitively?
        
               | Joker_vD wrote:
               | Precisely. The theory of comparative advantage literally
               | says "you can't finance e.g. industrialization by the
               | market means, it's strictly and highly unprofitable, no
               | entrepreneur in their right mind would (or even could) do
               | this", yet somehow people routinely tout it as a decisive
               | argument for laissez-faire.
               | 
               | And Japan's history of the state support for its
               | automotive industry is quite something.
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | This got to be negligible next to corruption and the cost
               | of being small countries (more prone to market failures,
               | small import/export traffic, brain drain).
        
               | spelufo wrote:
               | I'm Uruguayan and this drives me crazy. Specially for
               | products that are also tools for industries where we can
               | and do compete. Buying a computer in Uruguay costs about
               | twice as much as in the US.
               | 
               | If this is all self imposed by tariffs, which as far as I
               | know it is, what industry are the tariffs really
               | defending? Certainly not Uruguayan electronics
               | manufacturers, there aren't any. The only people that I
               | imagine benefit are customs officers and companies that
               | import stuff to sell in Uruguay. There isn't any new
               | capability to build things that the country gets in
               | return. We learn from exporting talent instead.
               | 
               | And if we want to compete we need to do it globally. Our
               | market is too small, the population is ~3M.
        
               | floxy wrote:
               | >The only people that I imagine benefit are customs
               | officers and companies that import stuff to sell in
               | Uruguay.
               | 
               | How do high tariffs help importing companies? Wouldn't
               | they be able to sell more (and thus import more) if the
               | end prices to the consumer were lower?
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | we need this in all countries. In fact it's curious that this
         | is not the first priority
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Car companies rather sell new cars, than conversion kits and
           | they do have quite a lobby.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | It's the same as mobile phones. Most phones have
             | unreplacible batteries, because it's commercially better
             | for their bottom line.
             | 
             | It's not like phones improve sufficiently to justify buying
             | a new one, but the battery lose charge significantly over
             | time.
             | 
             | A car has similar issues. There are only small parts of the
             | car that wears out, and by replacing those parts, the car
             | can be made to function for significantly longer. But
             | modern cars are so complex and intertwined, that it's
             | difficult to just replace worn parts (not to mention
             | difficult to even find those parts available).
             | 
             | Hopefully the conversion to EV cars will resolve some of
             | these problems, but i dont have high hopes. It's not like
             | EV manufacturers are going out of their way to make the
             | car's batteries replacible.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "It's not like EV manufacturers are going out of their
               | way to make the car's batteries replacible"
               | 
               | But since electric cars are mechanically a bit simpler,
               | there are opportunities for small companies willing to
               | disrupt the market or at least find a niche for reliable
               | and easy to fix cars.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > willing to disrupt the market
               | 
               | i doubt it, because the whole platform is controlled by
               | the EV manufacturer, and they can easily prevent it (via
               | software for example). Think inkjet printers.
               | 
               | If EV batteries are to be made replacible, it needs to be
               | mandated by law. And to be honest, i think a car's
               | battery should be replacible (and be easy/convenient to
               | do so) - imagine instead of charging your car, you will
               | drive up to a "gas" station and just replace the current
               | flat batteries with full ones in a few minutes. Think gas
               | stove tanks.
        
               | murderfs wrote:
               | > It's not like phones improve sufficiently to justify
               | buying a new one, but the battery lose charge
               | significantly over time.
               | 
               | A five year old car engine is basically indistinguishable
               | from a brand new car engine; a five year old cellphone
               | chipset is going to have half of the performance and a
               | quarter of the performance per watt as a brand new
               | cellphone.
        
             | gwervc wrote:
             | This is flagrant with the EU raising import tariffs on
             | Chinese EV.
             | 
             | There is a lot of communication about the climate
             | transition and how electric stuff is needed to save the
             | world, but when cheap options are available from China it's
             | a big no no because it goes against European manufacturers
             | interests.
        
               | jq-r wrote:
               | Exactly. This whole scheme won't work in EU because it's
               | against car manufacturer's interest. The whole of eastern
               | Europe is flooded by second hand German cars and the
               | reason is twofold. First, the western Europe still can
               | afford to change cars every few years, and secondly, the
               | purchase power IMO of the eastern Europe is falling
               | behind so second hand cars look more affordable then
               | buying a new one.
               | 
               | If I were to install an electric motor in my car there is
               | no chance I'm hell that I would be able to make it road
               | legal. Last year I bought homologated Philips LED bulbs
               | for my car to replace crappy incandescent bulbs and the
               | car failed the inspection. "You can't have LED bulbs on a
               | car manufactured with incandescents". Doesn't matter that
               | the beam is completely correct and doesn't blind other
               | drivers, and they have instruments to check it. "It the
               | law, go away".
        
               | ToucanLoucan wrote:
               | To be clear, it's both the manufacturer's interests and
               | the interests of European workers. As long as we demand
               | from every person that they earn a living, them using
               | their political power to protect their national industry
               | should be expected. Yes, cheap Chinese EV's are better
               | for the environment, but that's small comfort to all the
               | people employed by European car companies that are
               | getting out-competed who hit the streets as a result.
               | 
               | If we want to start actually tackling climate change we
               | need to unwind this notion that everyone must earn a
               | living because there are simply vast swathes of the
               | economy that are just redundant and do not need to exist.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "If we want to start actually tackling climate change we
               | need to unwind this notion that everyone must earn a
               | living because there are simply vast swathes of the
               | economy that are just redundant and do not need to exist"
               | 
               | Or we start tackling some inbalancies. Why is it so much
               | cheaper to build in china?
               | 
               | (Mainly less regulations and cheaper labour I think)
               | 
               | But if we would be serious about climate change, we would
               | need Chinas and Europes productive capabilities.
        
               | kalupa wrote:
               | subsidies
        
           | gregoriol wrote:
           | This is useful only in some cases when it's better to keep
           | some of the old stuff. It doesn't make sense to convert a
           | post-2000 car: it would be very inefficient regarding the
           | space use (too much stuff already in, no place for large
           | enough battery, ...), the electricity consumption (those cars
           | have a lot of electronics/ACs not optimised for batteries),
           | and price wise (most of those cars don't cost much today).
           | 
           | It would be much more efficient to create cheap/light EVs:
           | today's focus is mostly on expensive/large EVs with a huge
           | lot of accessories/screens/... because that's where the money
           | is for regular car brands. But if one make could build
           | something like a Willys Jeep EV, or a least something like an
           | early-90s small car that didn't have all of todays gadgets
           | (Renault Twingo, Mini, Volkswagen Coccinelle, ...), they
           | would be much more useful for those markets.
           | 
           | Another problem is still electricity grid: in a lot of
           | countries, it's not up-to a large scale EV deployment.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | Agree but with the logic that "all types" need to be made.
             | 
             | There is a very good market for a car for city dwellers,
             | especially as a _second_ car for them. Many families have
             | two cars (get over it, that 's reality), but I often see
             | them buy that second car as an EV, keeping a gas guzzler to
             | assuage range fears.
             | 
             | This is an excellent opportunity for that small, 100km
             | range, low tech as you say car. Just batteries, motor. Just
             | for local jaunts. Perfect.
        
             | gandalfian wrote:
             | "But if one make could build something like a Willys Jeep
             | EV"
             | 
             | Look up electric mini moke. Exactly what you are
             | describing. Rich man's toy mind. If there's a Chinese knock
             | off it could be very cheap though.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | And here comes the transparent children of EVs: Mitsubishi
             | i-MiEV and Nissan LEAF.
             | 
             | This phenomenon is not so surprising considering that the
             | sole point of existence of Tesla was basically to give the
             | middle finger to those and the Prius, but they exactly fit
             | the criteria of mass market EVs precisely by the letters.
             | 
             | Especially the i-MiEV(pronounced eye-meeve). It was a Kei
             | car!
        
             | troyvit wrote:
             | I can only say that I'd be a customer for this. I'd much
             | rather electrify my old car than throw it away to buy a
             | brand new car with a ton of features (and anti-features
             | [1]) that I don't want.
             | 
             | If somebody sold a cheap, mostly-analog electric car I'd
             | probably buy it. But they probably never will in the US.
             | 
             | [1] https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/privacynotincluded/ar
             | ticle...
        
           | planb wrote:
           | I doubt this is economically feasible in high-wage countries
           | (like Germany). Yes, EVs are expensive, but having a car
           | completely transformed (plus certifcations and the cost of
           | the transformation kit itself) will be even more expensive.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | There are a few companies doing it in EU but most of them
             | are focusing on premium classic cars.
             | 
             | For some of those, especially sports car, it can look as a
             | sacrilege but I would have no issue converting say, a
             | Bentley, Rolls Royce or Jaguar/Daimler coach to electric.
             | These used to be built to transport rich people in total
             | comfort, you don't need a smelly, noisy engine on them
             | anyway.
        
               | planb wrote:
               | Exactly what I mean - car freaks (if they are not
               | "combustion engine freaks") with enough disposable income
               | surely love this. But it's not a feasible way to
               | transform the individual transport sector to a greener
               | footprint.
        
           | lodovic wrote:
           | I wonder how these conversion kits affect safety. These cars
           | are crash-tested at a specific weight distribution. Adding
           | lots of batteries make the car behave different besides being
           | a fire hazard. I would expect that converted cars need to be
           | inspected thoroughly before being allowed on the road.
        
             | seydor wrote:
             | People already convert gasoline to gas. Weight can be added
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | Hard disagree. It does not make sense in most nations with
           | higher skilled labor wages. It makes no financial sense
           | especially considering you would be spending a hefty premium
           | on top of the vehicle itself. Better for that ICE to live its
           | useful life as it is.
        
         | pelasaco wrote:
         | The issue for the cars owners is that it become harder to sell
         | the car later, exactly because of this transformation. So you
         | basically transform it and drive until it dies (which is not
         | bad from my POV), but that is something that make people think
         | twice before doing it.
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | > We need more of these EV retro-fit kits in developing
         | countries
         | 
         | why? fossil fuels will remain economical for at least 100 more
         | years.
        
           | psd1 wrote:
           | What do you mean by "economical"?
           | 
           | EV already beats ICE in some dimensions of economy.
        
             | fnord77 wrote:
             | 10 year TCO for a barebones Prius is lower than TCO for an
             | EV, when counting things like battery replacement and
             | charger installation.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | One of the image captions just says:
       | 
       | > Each new component for the vehicle is custom-made.
       | 
       | ... which to me is kinda shocking. Both in terms of the cost of
       | components and the labor needed to figure out each vehicle's
       | specific conversion, this seems expensive, slow, and perhaps is a
       | source of quality/safety concerns.
       | 
       | While I love the idea of being able to convert existing vehicles,
       | more cheaply and with fewer resources than building all-new EVs,
       | I'd think that you'd want:
       | 
       | - standardized components
       | 
       | - standardized math on safety implications (e.g. for the amount
       | of increased mass, how do the breaks need to change to keep a
       | reasonable stopping distance? Given some assumptions about
       | driving speed, where does the center of mass need to be to avoid
       | increased chance of rolling?)
       | 
       | - a slowly expanding database of specifics for each model and
       | year, so if you're converting a previously-converted model, you
       | can just follow a pre-compiled list of steps
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | Well, you're in luck! Most components for converting an ICE
         | vehicle to EV are, in-fact standard.
         | 
         | For example, check out evwest.com - they supply parts and kits
         | to convert ICE cars to EVs.
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | > ... which to me is kinda shocking.
         | 
         | I think they try to avoid this...
         | 
         | > In 2021, the Chilean transport ministry passed legislation
         | banning the retrofitting of all used passenger vehicles.
         | 
         | Unless there are major problems, leave the legislation until
         | you have a plan or draft regulation ready. It's 2024 now.
        
         | pornel wrote:
         | There are off-the-shelf standard components for all major parts
         | of the EV drivetrain.
         | 
         | The custom work is mostly in wiring that up, and building a
         | battery cradle and motor mounts that can be installed without
         | compromising car's original structure.
        
         | chmod775 wrote:
         | > Both in terms of the cost of components and the labor needed
         | to figure out each vehicle's specific conversion, this seems
         | expensive, slow, and perhaps is a source of quality/safety
         | concerns.
         | 
         | We are speaking about countries where that sort of labor costs
         | between $0.5 to $3 per hour. The parts used aren't factory-new
         | and the cost of labor is _minuscule_ in comparison to the price
         | of the vehicle.
         | 
         | There is no money for safety. You make do with what you have.
        
           | beaglesss wrote:
           | Another poster mentioned after taxes vehicles cost 1.5-2x of
           | the US cost. There'd be more money for safety if they weren't
           | so busy taxing the everliving shit out of car buyers.
        
         | treme wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=pakistan+engine...
         | 
         | you should take a look at how things get done in developing
         | worlds.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | As others have said, the article kind of exaggerated the
         | situation -- EV conversions tend to use a lot of fairly
         | standard parts. However, how those parts all fit together
         | varies from one vehicle to another, and there's usually at
         | least some parts that have to be custom made. Battery boxes,
         | motor mounts, adapter plates to mount the motor to the
         | transmission (if the original transmission is kept), and so on.
         | 
         | It'd be great if there were standard EV conversion kits for
         | common ICE vehicles, designed to just bolt in with no
         | fabrication required, designed to the same engineering
         | standards as the original vehicle, and cheap. Something a
         | typical mechanic could install in a week or less. That
         | basically has to exist for EV conversion be a thing that
         | happens on a large scale and not just a difficult and expensive
         | weird hobby project. It's a shame EV tax credits don't apply to
         | conversions -- it could absorb a substantial chunk of the cost.
         | (Maybe some country somewhere does this, but not the U.S.
         | anyways.)
         | 
         | Ideally dealing with extra weight and so on could be a relative
         | non-issue as long as the battery pack is kept fairly small --
         | which is often the case on EV conversions because a) batteries
         | are expensive and b) it's often hard to find a good place to
         | cram them all. If the batteries are kept low, then center of
         | gravity shouldn't be a problem. Probably better than the
         | original configuration.
         | 
         | I've heard that having more than 50% of the weight on the back
         | tires can be dangerous, as it's much harder to correct if you
         | lose traction. The tendency is to spin out. So, putting all the
         | batteries in the trunk is probably a bad idea in many cases.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | Geometric relationships between engine mounts, engine itself,
         | and engine output shaft into the transmission varies between
         | each models. Trying to "standardize" that will be like trying
         | to design a one-size-fits-all laptop motherboard; no two models
         | are the same, so it won't work.
        
       | pornel wrote:
       | All the retrofits I've seen only have AC charging. Is there a
       | reason why they don't support DC charging, even at lower power if
       | necessary?
        
         | Kirby64 wrote:
         | Generally speaking since DC charging is so fast, you need to
         | have very tight control over the cooling and performance of the
         | cells or you'll have issues with longevity. Lots of retrofits
         | just kind of stuff batteries wherever they fit... so cooling
         | isn't going to be the most effective. By comparison, AC
         | charging, even at 12kW, is quite slow for a decent sized
         | battery pack.
         | 
         | I don't think there's any technical/protocol reason you
         | couldn't do this, it just complicates things quite a bit.
        
         | greenthrow wrote:
         | There's more complicated software involved in DC charging due
         | to the much higher power levels, plus more complicated
         | monitoring of the system. AC charging is much more straight
         | forward and simple.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | In other words, cost is the issue here. If you have a large
           | budget, you can get the best components. But with a lot of
           | conversions, the whole point is giving a second life to an
           | otherwise relatively worthless car and avoiding the larger
           | expense of getting a proper EV. It doesn't make sense to get
           | tens of thousands of dollars worth of components for that.
           | Simple, easy, and cheap is the whole goal here.
           | 
           | There are some nice conversion kits for things like classic
           | cars where it makes sense to have fast charging. But then
           | we're talking 50-60k in cost and a lot of labor. For that
           | kind of money, you can get several decent second hand EVs or
           | even a new one. Spending that kind of money is only
           | interesting because it's a classic car. E.g. a lot of old
           | porsches apparently drive a lot nicer and better after an EV
           | conversion. Also not having them break down with weird
           | mechanical issues all the time makes driving them more fun.
           | Also, more torque, power, etc.
           | 
           | But you wouldn't do that with some generic consumer car where
           | the whole point of the conversion is avoiding the expense of
           | buying a proper EV. You can get some nice used EVs for under
           | 10K now. Pretty decent ones even.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | Putting DC charging in an EV is like putting a turbo in a gas
         | car. You can do it, but it'll be expensive and complicated, and
         | you probably don't need it.
        
           | lnsru wrote:
           | Well that's not really how it works. Even with 22 kW AC (what
           | is rare in Europe) Tesla model Y needs 4 hours to charge from
           | empty to road ready. And it is show stopper, because any
           | petrol car needs 5 minutes to go another 300-600 miles. With
           | DC charger I can have a normal break of 40 minutes and have
           | enough charge for another 300 miles. DC charging is the topic
           | to ease range anxiety and make EVs viable replacement for
           | petrol cars. Without gooood DC charging capability the
           | electric cars are suitable as city cars at best.
           | 
           | Edit: model Y does not support 22 kW AC charging. Only 11 kW
           | AC. And it still takes whole day to fully charge.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | The point is that maybe most(some?) people don't need DC
             | charging at all. I've owned our VW e-Up for 3 years now,
             | drive it literally every day, and I never needed to fast
             | charge it because I've not once taken it on a trip longer
             | than its battery range. I just never had a need. In fact
             | I'm just charging it from a normal domestic socket at a
             | meagre 2kW once a week and that's absolutely enough.
             | Obviously it won't work for everyone, but I bet it would
             | work for a whole range of people - some of my friends have
             | definitely never driven more than 100 miles in a day in
             | their cars and they lug around 50 litres of petrol in their
             | tanks "just in case".
        
             | soco wrote:
             | I don't know many cities which would challenge a 400km EV
             | range, actually with that range I'm already across the
             | border in any direction I'd drive. But okay I'm one of the
             | dozen or so people who don't live in the US.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | Large cities in countries where many people can't afford cars,
         | and there's little mass transit, will be more compact. No
         | driving 10 miles to the mall like the USA. Shorter distances,
         | less need for huge battery packs, or the latest technology.
         | Most AC parts can be had off the shelf.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | Several reasons: because AC charging is what people will
         | generally have at their house, so if you only have one charging
         | system that's the one you'd probably go with. Because there are
         | several pretty good AC charging system that are sold to the DIY
         | conversion market. And because EV conversions often run at
         | relatively low voltages compared to OEM vehicles, and DC charge
         | stations generally have a minimum voltage they're willing to
         | charge, which I think is usually somewhere around 400 volts or
         | so.
        
         | janosch_123 wrote:
         | I have built multiple EV conversions and used DC charging.
         | 
         | - AC is easier to start with
         | 
         | - DC charging protocols you need to communicate & negotiate
         | with the rapid charger in the street
         | 
         | - There is no reason why you couldn't DC charge any conversion
         | in principle, just comes down to time & effort
         | 
         | If you want to read more, AC is J1772 and is just a voltage
         | dividing resistor with some PWM
         | https://www.fveaa.org/fb/J1772_386.pdf
         | 
         | For DC there are two (three?) protocols
         | 
         | - ChaDeMo is being phased out despite being the best one (V2G &
         | simplicity of use)
         | 
         | - CCS2 is what the big manufacturers have come up with and it
         | is hilariously complicated. My friend Uwe developed the FOCCCI
         | project that has reverse engineered it
         | 
         | - In the US Tesla are using NACS (not sure on the details)
         | 
         | I am recording a video series where I illuminate the tech
         | behind EVs, charging and energy, you can find it in my
         | submissions.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | NACS uses the CCS protocol, which makes dumb adapters
           | possible.
        
       | psychlops wrote:
       | For those in NJ, I can recommend this place:
       | 
       | https://www.rongrosinger.com/welding-101-sign-up/electric-ve...
       | 
       | I took his class and Ron is great. Sharp, curious and an
       | entertaining teacher.
        
       | 3rdworldeng wrote:
       | yay my country in HN :-D
        
         | epidemian wrote:
         | Username checks out :)
         | 
         | Saludos desde el otro lado del charco!
         | 
         | And, to contribute something to the discussion: yeah, here in
         | Argentina we have a similar situation. Import taxes are stupid
         | high for some (most) products, making them prohibitively
         | expensive for most people. Although high levels of inequality
         | allow _some_ people to access these kinds of goods, so for
         | exmaple there 's a non-zero market for iPhones here.
         | 
         | In the case of EVs, i haven't seen any cars here yet[1] --i
         | suspect because of total lack of infrastructure for them,
         | besides the high prices-- but there's quite a lively market of
         | electric scooters in Buenos Aires. They are not that expensive,
         | and people can charge them in their homes.
         | 
         | This Uruguayan initiative of retrofitting electric motors into
         | old cars is encouraging. I hope regulations serve a good
         | purpose like setting good standards, instead of killing the
         | movement outright :/
         | 
         | [1]: There's an Argentinian-made electric car with which i
         | unfortunately share a nickname: Tito. But it's a total scam; a
         | Chinese design ripoff with a ridiculously high price for what
         | it's worth.
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | Hi there! I happen to be in Uruguay (from the US) right now,
         | congrats on your amazing country!
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | I look at car channels on YouTube and there's all this community
       | around engine swaps and similar so it remains disappointing that
       | there isn't any real gas->EV equivalent market. I assume part of
       | it is imply lack of secure space for the giant explosive mass
       | that is current lithium battery tech, but it's still surprising
       | that there's seemingly next to no option.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Getting a salvage title Tesla and converting any other cars to
         | use the Tesla drivetrain quite popular on my Youtube.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | The problem is the vast majority of the cost of an EV is the
         | batteries. You save very little money from not buying other
         | parts, and lose a fair bit of performance.
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | It's expensive and difficult to do. In the end, you're left
         | with something that cost you more, and is less capable than a
         | new EV.
        
         | RF_Savage wrote:
         | It does not exist outside of diy enthusiasts in the west as a
         | used electric car will have more range and be cheaper. So
         | currently it's an enthusiast thing.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | The majority of people I've seen on car channels (US only) are
         | ICE-culturists. Fixers, modders, customizers. EV's a dirty
         | word.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | I occasionally see these channels when they do EV conversions
           | and it's amusing that they need to do a little disclaimer at
           | the start to prove that they're not some kind of Marxist and
           | prove their ICE credentials just because they're interested
           | in an EV conversion.
           | 
           | You sometimes see similar for anyone working on offgrid solar
           | PV.
           | 
           | Possibly it's just the channels the algorithm feeds me but it
           | feels like engineering reality is slowly penetrating the
           | political fog over time.
        
         | janosch_123 wrote:
         | "giant explosive mass that is current lithium battery tech" <--
         | full petrol tank is the same, anything that is energy dense
         | like that will have problems with uncontrolled release of that
         | energy.
         | 
         | Equivalent market exists, but is less established, some
         | keywords that might be worth looking at:
         | 
         | - OpenInverter, Fellten, EVWest, diyelectriccar, Lunaz,
         | Everrati, RaleighEV, BradshawEV, LegacyEV, RichRebuilds
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | I happen to be in Uruguay right now (from the US). I rented a car
       | -- didn't see an EV option. I've driven from Montevideo to Punta
       | Del Diablo and I haven't seen a charging station :-( I wasn't
       | looking for one, and checking the map just now, they do exist.
       | 
       | Also: Uruguay is awesome.
        
         | is_true wrote:
         | There are a few in the Interbalnearia/IB/Ruta 1.
         | 
         | https://movilidad.ute.com.uy/carga.html?tab=red-de-carga
        
         | TremendousJudge wrote:
         | Not surprised you haven't seen EVs for rent, since the charging
         | network, although it exists, is woefully unsufficient for non-
         | expert users. Montevideo is a city of ~1.5M people and there
         | are less than 30 charging stations. It's not viable to charge
         | "at home" unless you live in a house; I have never seen an
         | apartment buildings garage prepared for EV charging.
        
       | tppiotrowski wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend a learning resource or YouTube videos on
       | English? (Autolibre has a course but I believe it's only in
       | Spanish)
        
         | ksoped wrote:
         | There's a lot of videos about EV conversions on YT but they're
         | mostly on the edutainment side not a full on course. Watching
         | RichRebuilds, JerryRigEverything's jeep conversion gives you an
         | overview of the process and they're entertaining if you're
         | completely new to the idea.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | The conversion is labor intensive, and thus it makes sense in the
       | countries where labor is relatively cheap (and regulations are
       | usually more relaxed), and has no way in the US and Western
       | Europe.
       | 
       | The conversion itself is no brainer - you old beat up car with
       | the older and weaker and relatively inefficient ICE engine, may
       | be even carburetor one, becomes more performant, easier to
       | maintain, cheaper to drive (especially given that electricity is
       | frequently government subsidized). And the conversion is pretty
       | cheap if you bring the parts from Alibaba, the prismatic
       | batteries for example are well under $100/KWh.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | This makes me wonder though wheather the grid infrastructure in
       | Uruguay is ready for a scenario where a substantial percentage of
       | the countries cars need to charge their batteries regularly?
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | Charging at night at home - and that is your main option when
         | charging infra is lacking - may even be an improvement for the
         | nation grid's overall health and economics.
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | This is unfortunately problematic in places where the grid is
           | transitioning to solar power. It really depends on what the
           | makeup of your base load is.
        
             | alex_duf wrote:
             | And I'll also add that night-charging can only scale up to
             | a point, there's a point where the country would end up
             | consuming more at night than during the day.
             | 
             | So it really depends on the local situation, local energy
             | mix, local infrastructure.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Charging at a couple of kW for the night is enough for
               | almost everybody. Very few people drive hundreds of
               | kilometers every day and the typical EV needs
               | 10-20kWh/100km. The grid should handle that without a
               | problem in most places, I think. Cars are parked most of
               | the day. If most of the parking spots offer a kW or two
               | charging becomes a nonissue.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | Solar power is new development, and it would be naturally
             | to do it in parallel with charging infra in business
             | districts thus providing another sink for all that daytime
             | generated power.
        
         | nachexnachex wrote:
         | The (state-owned) power company owning the grid and much of the
         | generation for the country has been pushing this change
         | forward. The country has transitioned from almost pure hydro to
         | wind and has an excess of this type of generation, especially
         | at night when it would be the ideal charging time.
         | 
         | There's also initiatives to encourage permanent grid use by the
         | cars since the batteries can provide capacitive load which
         | locally counters the grid's natural inductive load which is
         | beneficial if it can be leveraged.
        
       | lokimedes wrote:
       | What is the evolution regarding energy density, I have a PHEV
       | with 11kWh in the trunk. If it was 20kWh, it would cover my daily
       | commute. Are anyone offering battery upgrades to existing EVs?
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | I'm in the same boat - I have a Volvo PHEV with an 11.6kWh
         | battery, and Volvo upgraded that battery in newer models to
         | 18.8kWh. And the thing is....the battery takes the exact same
         | space as before - it was just an improvement in battery
         | packaging which allowed them to do this. But....I can't fit
         | this newer battery to my car, even though it would physically
         | fit - the systems inside the car will not allow it to work. If
         | there was a company that offered this as a paid upgrade for my
         | car I'd gladly pay for it.
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | That's a pretty long commute you've got there :(
        
           | lokimedes wrote:
           | yeah, 50km each way.
        
             | dhosek wrote:
             | I think my longest commute was 50 _miles_ (Claremont to El
             | Segundo). I used to drive to the Norwalk end of the Green
             | Line to reduce the drive time at the expense of commute
             | time by taking the train the last stretch of the commute.
             | It's a little stunning to think about all the sense
             | memories I have from that commute 30 years later.
        
         | mharig wrote:
         | The new solid electrolyte batteries have around 450 Wh/kg, the
         | old liquid electrolyte ones around 270 Wh/kg. Or less for LFP.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | You seem shadowbanned and I had to vouch for this comment to
           | make it visible. Your last comments seem ok, so maybe you
           | want to mail dang (the moderator) about your account.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Electro Automotive did this in California for 30 years. The owner
       | recently retired and shut down. There's something of a business
       | in converting classic cars to electric, because maintaining the
       | antique technology costs more than a conversion. There are plenty
       | of kits for this sold online.
       | 
       | The usual "custom part" needed is an adapter plate to attach the
       | motor to the transmission, and possibly a spline. Plus motor
       | mounts. Once you have the adapter plate pattern for a car model,
       | it's possible to drill one from a blank. Here are some
       | adapters.[1]
       | 
       | Where to put the battery? Real electric cars put it under the
       | floor, which keeps the CG low and provides enough space for a
       | large battery. Conversions have less battery space and may be
       | top-heavy.
       | 
       | [1] https://inductiveauto.com/product-category/adapters/
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Wouldn't you put the battery in the massive space created by
         | the missing engine block?
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | No, because that space is still occupied by all the auxiliary
           | devices that still have to be there, and of course the
           | electric motor which - while smaller than most ICEs - is
           | still sizable. Converted cars have less space under the
           | bonnet than most people would guess.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | That's where the electric motor goes in retrofits.
        
           | claudiulodro wrote:
           | Beyond space concerns, there are balance concerns. You could
           | fill the trunk or hood with batteries, but that adds 1000+
           | pounds to the end(s) of the car, so it will be a poor driving
           | experience (for reference, a good size ICE engine is ~500
           | lbs). The best EV conversions spread the batteries throughout
           | the car so it remains balanced (but that's pretty complex in
           | terms of packaging and wiring).
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Interesting, thank you. This means that you need a 500 lbs
             | motor/battery/circuits combo in the front of the car after
             | the conversion, right?
        
               | claudiulodro wrote:
               | Not necessarily! The front of the car could be lighter or
               | heavier as long as the total car is balanced. This is the
               | way that the high-end EV conversions do it (e.g.
               | https://revoltsystems.com), but most at-home EV
               | conversions simply fill the trunk with batteries which is
               | way simpler but won't be nearly as good a driving
               | experience (e.g. https://ev8electric.wordpress.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2015/05...)
        
       | Keppl8R wrote:
       | Here is one from Australia
       | 
       | "Bolt-On Kit Wants To Turn Your ICE Car Into A Hybrid From
       | $3,200" October 21, 2023
       | 
       | > The young Australian engineer behind the kit hopes to sell it
       | for just $3,200 and enable buyers to have it installed in a
       | single day
       | 
       | https://www.carscoops.com/2023/10/bolt-on-kit-to-convert-com...
       | 
       | Looks like a backyard operation so far "REVR (Rapid Electric
       | Vehicle Retrofits)"
       | 
       | https://www.revr.tech/
       | 
       | https://www.jamesdysonaward.org/en-AU/2023/project/revr/
       | 
       | REVR-lutionising the car industry: RMIT student crowned national
       | James Dyson Award winner with electric vehicle retrofit solution
       | 13 September 2023
       | https://www.dyson.com.au/newsroom/updates/james-dyson-award-...
       | 
       | (Sorry for all the links! but looks like an interesting way to do
       | the conversions!)
        
         | freefruit wrote:
         | https://www.revr.tech/news
         | 
         | Poor guys workshop burt down.
        
           | Keppl8R wrote:
           | Yikes! Looks hopeful as of 3rd of September they say the
           | following on facebook:
           | 
           | > Just a small mid-late month update. Thanks again to
           | everyone who has donated. Small and big all donations make a
           | big difference for our prototyping effort. We are now just
           | waiting on coils and cnc to come through which should be a
           | week or so. We finished clearing away all the rubble from the
           | fire and the new shed is now built and sealed ready to start
           | housing REVR! We have had some very productive discussions
           | and vid calls with people looking to help make REVR happen
           | which we may be able to elaborate on in future. We have also
           | entered the Samsung Solve For Tomorrow comp to promote REVR.
           | There is some more good competition news we can't wait to
           | share. Will have some more substantial updates very soon. -
           | Alex
           | 
           | https://www.facebook.com/revretrofits/
        
       | schnitzelstoat wrote:
       | Do they have charging stations?
       | 
       | I don't have an EV in Southern Europe because there are hardly
       | any charging stations and as we live in apartments you can't
       | charge it at home either as the communal parking doesn't have a
       | charging station.
        
         | torginus wrote:
         | Which is weird, considering there's 3 phase AC 400V
         | infrastructure everywhere in Europe. Putting 7-11kW slow
         | chargers in every apartment's parking lot would be perfectly
         | doable.
        
           | abc123abc123 wrote:
           | Do note that many apartment buildings in europe are 100+
           | years old and where not built with parking lots.
           | 
           | Commonly, cars are parked on the street outside, and
           | therefore there is definitely not enough space outside an
           | apartmentbuilding for cars if all apartment owners had one.
           | 
           | In modern, and newly built apartment buildings I imagine that
           | this is probably already in place due to eco-hysteria.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | If there's no parking lot, that's a car problem, not an EV
             | problem. This is a hairy issue, but in my experience,
             | getting around in densely packed city centers with a car is
             | asking for trouble - dense traffic and generally no parking
             | spaces.
             | 
             | I did use to live in a place like that, and I stored my car
             | in a P+R on the outskitrts of the city.
        
           | prmoustache wrote:
           | > in every apartment's parking lot
           | 
           | Provided there is a parking lot.
           | 
           | Even owning an EV motorbike is sometimes difficult, I have
           | been looking for an e-motorbike/moped and there are only a
           | couple of models with an extractible battery and only one I
           | have found that has the battery that is easily transportable
           | (you pull it like a trolley bagage) when your bike is staying
           | in the street: The Silence S01 and S02 (S01 being also sold
           | under the Seat brand).
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | I visited Uruguay every year in the 1980s and 90s. There were
       | tons of old cars and trucks. My great-uncle had an English car
       | from the 1930s which he still drove.
       | 
       | They have almost all disappeared. My most recent trip was in 2023
       | and I only saw two old Fiat 500s.
       | 
       | The irony is that they have gas BYDs, which I had never heard of
       | until last year.
       | 
       | Anyway, Uruguay is a small country but it has a very good
       | educational system, so it's not surprising that many interesting
       | companies come from there.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > The irony is that they have gas BYDs, which I had never heard
         | of until last year
         | 
         | BYD bought out a failing automotive company decades ago which
         | became BYD Auto, and continued building ICE cars. They only
         | began mass producing EVs in the 2010s after getting a massive
         | cash infusion from Berkshire Hathaway and Blackrock around
         | 2008-09
        
           | zubiaur wrote:
           | They had the tooling for 9th gen corollas, which they fitted
           | with mistubishi engines. One cold take a BYD F3 door and put
           | it in a corolla. Fit like a glove.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | They're also doing well on share of new cars that are EV:
       | 
       | https://cleantechnica.com/2024/07/20/uruguay-ev-sales-report...
       | 
       | Makes a lot of financial sense when your local grid is hydro
       | heavy and most of your oil is imported.
        
       | jnsaff2 wrote:
       | There is a thriving forum for ev conversions[0].
       | 
       | [0] https://openinverter.org/forum/
        
         | janosch_123 wrote:
         | Yep, especially the project forum is full of successful
         | conversions:
         | 
         | https://openinverter.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=11
         | 
         | Also, this community is built around open source (software and
         | hardware) components.
        
       | Dennip wrote:
       | Is there a reason not more popular to create hybrids that have no
       | traditional powertrain? IT seems like it would be cost effective.
       | 
       | i.e. the petrol engine effectively just runs a generator to the
       | batteries. You don't need prop shafts/gearboxes/transfer
       | case/axles/alternator/starter etc.
       | 
       | If you can integrate the motor assembly into the wheel hub you
       | don't need any kind of axle at all.
       | 
       | If/when the batteries degrade and lose capacity, you can just
       | rely on the engine more.
       | 
       | The engine won't ever have to 'work' too hard, because when you
       | accelerate hard the energy dump can just come from the battery
       | reserve. Like it could just idle along at a more-or-less fixed
       | rpm.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Such a setup is vastly less efficient for small engines. If the
         | combusion engine is turning, the best way to use that power is
         | directly to the wheels, as opposed converting it back and forth
         | to electricity.
        
           | Dennip wrote:
           | It would be interesting to see the numbers I guess. For one,
           | the manufacturer is offloading that energy burden onto the
           | owner, not themselves.
           | 
           | IIRC A large portion of the carbon created by a car is during
           | the manufacture, so if you're not forging a prop shaft and
           | machining a gearbox, is it acceptable to reduce engine
           | efficiency by some measure? Especially given the engine won't
           | run all the time, just when the battery drop to some margin
           | the car feels it should start charging.
           | 
           | Potentially (theorising here) Your EV will last longer before
           | getting crushed into a cube, as it can compensate for battery
           | degradation, your engine will last longer as it will have a
           | fairly stable usage load (revs etc) and won't be used much
        
           | _visgean wrote:
           | my understanding was that you can run the gas engine in
           | optimal speed to charge the electric engine which makes it
           | more efficient.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | You can also add more gears in the transmission to make it
             | more efficient as well. Gears are very efficient than
             | conversion to/from electric (that is a series model, not
             | even charging a battery.) The only way to make this work is
             | if the engine is very undersized - the more load an engine
             | is under the higher the efficiency, with gears alone though
             | you would end up with an engine that takes unacceptably
             | long to get up to speed, and slows down when going uphill,
             | or into a headwind. If you are going ICE to battery you can
             | have that undersized engine, and make up the extra losses
             | by using the battery when needed, hence a hybrid car.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Such a setup can be more efficient - but only if everything
           | is tuned perfectly. ICE engines are generally most efficient
           | at low RPM and high throttle settings (last time I saw the
           | graphs it was 1950RPM at 87% throttle peaked at 43%
           | efficient, but that was one particular engine: yours will be
           | different) - so you the entire system tuned around this,
           | mistakes mean you either are running lower throttle or
           | spinning extra mass not needed. Very few companies have the
           | ability to design an engine around their exact needs - only
           | the large automakers can really pull it off and they
           | typically trade engines with other auto makers so they can
           | offer more engine options in their cars than they have
           | designed.
        
             | 4gotunameagain wrote:
             | > ICE engines are generally most efficient at low RPM and
             | high throttle settings
             | 
             | Which is why modern cars are much more likely to include a
             | sixth gear -> drop the rpm, increase the torque = higher
             | efficiency
        
             | Dennip wrote:
             | I guess the principle would be that you just don't care.
             | The cost savings of not designing a powertrain/gearbox, not
             | manufacturing it, reduced moving parts needing maintenance,
             | etc etc. The trade-off _might_ be worth it.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The geabov is cheap to design compared to the engine. Not
               | free but cheap.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | But isn't that the same as a diesel-electric locomotive,
           | which is very efficient?
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | Not true. What a series hybrid does is give you big-engine
           | power for small-engine efficiency. Pull onto the highway and
           | you get 350 hp from the battery, which the engine recharges
           | at a steady 50 hp. If you have a big engine you are only
           | losing efficiency.
        
           | mapt wrote:
           | This is not _necessarily_ true, but it is often true for
           | consumer car models that are already designed in quite
           | complex ways around driveshaft power, with abundant
           | compromises and costs. It 's never "directly" transferred;
           | Not even close. Something like an automatic transmission is a
           | miracle of engineering perspicacity over the decades. If
           | you're going to spend thousands of dollars including one
           | based on driveshafts, then electric conversion looks a bit
           | silly.
           | 
           | In locomotives, some ships, and now tanks they're replacing
           | the whole drivetrain with copper wire driven by an ICE
           | alternator. Even with zero energy storage this permits a
           | dramatic simplification of the vehicle, and often we're more
           | than willing to pay the cost of
           | mechanical->electric->mechanical conversion efficiency in
           | exchange for losing a bunch of cams, gears, and 90 degree
           | joints that each eat a little energy, take up space in the
           | design, and weigh a significant amount. And it is very often
           | the case that adding energy storage (a very simply bolt-on +
           | software changes) permits dramatically reducing the size of
           | the engine needed.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | Small engines are very different than big. They have very
             | different needs re weight and complexity. A locomotive
             | drive engine is basically mated to its power generating
             | engine, moving in lockstep. Everything gets more
             | complicated when one also wants to charge a battery. (Fyi,
             | many locomotives have huge banks of resisters specifically
             | for dumping energy into heat, which is not an option for
             | cars.)
             | 
             | Separating charge and power deliver requires two motors, a
             | power-harvesting generator connected to the combustion
             | engine and a separate drive motor. Those would need to be
             | electrically separated since they would be always turning
             | at different rates. That means totally separate charge and
             | discharge circuitry, possibly even separate battery banks.
             | Harvesting from the wheels might even require a third
             | circuit to simultaneously charge from two sources. And the
             | drive motor equipment would have to be sized large enough
             | to cover the entire rated power output. Secondly, such a
             | battery-in-line arrangement may create a battery-essential
             | system whereby if the battery failed/discharged/overheated,
             | the vehicle would just stop despite still having a working
             | combustion engines. (The power direct from the generator
             | may not be compatible with the drive motor.)
             | 
             | Modern hybrids bypass all these problems by routing the IC
             | engine to the wheels. The electrical system is then a
             | single motor and an additional sprocket in the
             | transmission. Power is then added or removed through a
             | single motor and associated circuitry with no need to
             | generate and provide electrical power simultaneously (F1
             | cars used to work like this). Add an extra differential,
             | aka a "hybrid transmission", and you can run either motor
             | alone or together (as in the Prius).
        
               | lmz wrote:
               | Doesn't the Prius also have _two_ motor /generators
               | instead of a single motor?
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | It had a motor and also used the IC starter motor to
               | harvest energy, but not to provide power.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | That's Nissan e-POWER system. Alas, Toyota THS is cheaper,
         | probably lighter, and slightly more efficient.
        
         | hnuser123456 wrote:
         | chevy volt
        
         | chakintosh wrote:
         | Audi built and competed with a Rally car using a regular TFSI
         | engine that's generating power for the battery.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZhtGlwHlLs
        
         | schmidtleonard wrote:
         | Isn't that the idea behind EREVs (Extended Range EVs) which are
         | wildly popular in China and probably just taking time to reach
         | other markets?
        
           | blacksmith_tb wrote:
           | There have been several popular cars available in the US and
           | EU with this design, like the Chevy Volt and BMW i3.
        
         | seltzered_ wrote:
         | The issue with an EREV conversion is going to be weight,
         | practicality, and thermal management of the battery.
         | 
         | Weight: You're adding about 500 lbs to the car to do this with
         | ~20 miles of ev range. Suspension may need to be altered to
         | support this.
         | 
         | Practicality: the batteries have to go somewhere and they can't
         | go under the hood since the engine is still there, so they may
         | go in the bottom of the trunk. From the examples I've seen
         | there's usually less cargo capacity, and the spare tire is
         | removed. Some vehicles that are already hybrids (e.g. Toyota
         | sienna 2022-) have an already tight layout with exhaust and all
         | that it becomes a design challenge to fit a larger battery.
         | 
         | Thermals: a li-ion battery for an EREV likely needs thermal
         | management so it doesn't lose range prematurely, so you either
         | need a dedicated cooling line setup that works with the ac
         | compressor (bmw i3) or an aircooled setup where the battery is
         | in the trunk and relies on cabin ac/heat (various toyota hybrid
         | models do this).
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | > Weight: You're adding about 500 lbs to the car to do this
           | with ~20 miles of ev range.
           | 
           | No. The drive unit of a Tesla + 4 battery modules weighs 500
           | lbs. That's 21 kWh, 80 miles of range and 500 horsepower. And
           | 300 lbs of that is in the drive unit; more common conversion
           | kits weigh ~150 lbs. You could use 500 lbs of regular lead
           | car batteries and still get way more than 20 miles.
           | 
           | https://stealthev.com/product/tesla-performance-rear-
           | drive-u...
           | 
           | https://www.evwest.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=40&pro.
           | ..
        
             | horsawlarway wrote:
             | I'm not sure I agree. You would need 24 LFP prismatic EVE
             | cells (Which are EV rated) to get to ~20kWh (72v at
             | ~300ah). They weigh about 5.5kg/cell. That's nearly 300lbs
             | in cells alone (not accounting for wiring/support/cooling).
             | I would pretty easily see total weight hitting 500lbs (or
             | more).
             | 
             | You can do it more efficiently with different chemistries,
             | and you can scale down your storage for less range - but
             | 500lbs seems pretty reasonable for a retrofit.
             | 
             | Ex - your own linked kit doesn't include any storage, and
             | the motor alone weighs 120lbs. There is NO WAY you're
             | getting away with 150 lbs when the motor alone eats 120lbs.
             | 
             | Lead acid... come on... a 100ah 12v lead acid (1.2kWh - of
             | which only .6kWh is really usable because of chemistry)
             | weighs 70lbs on a good day. A normal EV will do 3-4/kwh.
             | 5kWh of usable charge (20 mile range) from those things is
             | going to run you 10 batteries, for 660lbs. And that's NOT
             | including any other parts of the retrofit (like that 120lb
             | motor, or the wiring [thick wire is heavy] or the
             | electronics).
        
             | seltzered_ wrote:
             | My points of comparison are simpler - compare a 2019-2023
             | Subaru Crosstrek (regular non-hybrid model, curb weight of
             | 3117-3298 lbs ) to a 2019-2023 Subaru Crosstrek Hybrid
             | (PHEV, ~17 miles of EV range, curb weight of 3717 lbs). So
             | roughly a 400-500lb weight increase.
             | 
             | Another comparison might be a Jeep Wrangler base 4dr (4449
             | lbs curb weight and up) compared to the 4xe PHEV version
             | (21 miles of ev range, 5,072 lbs curb weight and up).
             | Roughly a 500lb weight increase.
             | 
             | You could try this comparison on 2wd vehicles as well if
             | desired (e.g. toyota prius vs. prius prime).
             | 
             | While neither scenarios are an EREV, the comparison is a
             | bit similar in thinking about the tradeoffs in hybrid
             | conversions of existing ICE vehicles, where presumably the
             | engine would be retained and drivetrain/battery components
             | to facilitate electric propulsion are added.
             | 
             | Designing an EREV from ground up can be much less weight
             | but depends on vehicle type size, such as a BMW I3 (a small
             | urban 2WD car with CFRP body panels, narrower staggered
             | wheels and other weight savings by design) has a curb
             | weight closer to 3276 lbs. There's tradeoffs with that low
             | weight - the small range extender engine has less power,
             | the gas tank only adds about 80 miles of range, etc.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Having a small engine (lawnmower size) that doesn't generate
         | enough power to operate the car, but will charge the battery,
         | would seem like a nice convenience because you won't
         | necessarily need a charging station to continue your trip.
        
           | bogwog wrote:
           | I know BMW had (has?) a hybrid that does this using a small
           | motorcycle motor.
        
         | hwillis wrote:
         | > i.e. the petrol engine effectively just runs a generator to
         | the batteries. You don't need prop shafts/gearboxes/transfer
         | case/axles/alternator/starter etc.
         | 
         | But you can't take advantage of that without handling every
         | specific make of car. You need to design a specific solution
         | for each engine.
         | 
         | > If you can integrate the motor assembly into the wheel hub
         | you don't need any kind of axle at all.
         | 
         | This has a lot of downsides; the unsprung weight is very high
         | which makes the ride much harsher. It's also very hard on the
         | motors because of the shaking. There's only a few inches of
         | space to claim in a normal wheel well by replacing and widening
         | the tire. If you replace the suspension knuckle you have to
         | make it work for all different makes.
         | 
         | All that said, I do think there's an underserved opportunity
         | for a drop-in solution that just replaces the engine. Basically
         | the same thing you're proposing, but why keep the old engine?
         | 
         | Replace it, and you can make a series-parallel hybrid, which is
         | the ideal type. It's an engine connected by a clutch and single
         | reducer to the driveshaft, with a motor connected to the engine
         | (or by gears). At low throttle the motor acts like a generator,
         | using the opportunity to increase engine load, charge the
         | battery, and run the engine in a more efficient torque. At high
         | throttle the motor joins the engine, increasing power. At
         | cruise, the motor freewheels. For short trips the engine
         | disconnects and the car runs on battery. You don't need an
         | additional generator, the engine gets an efficient shaft
         | connection, and it can still run battery-only. Best of all
         | worlds and IMO worth trashing the engine.
         | 
         | If you drop in a full unit with batteries etc you might need a
         | few configurations for different engine bays, but you can just
         | have a variety of mounting points for different makes. Plug
         | into the radiator for cooling. Give a serpentine belt wheel for
         | accessories, or just have an AC onboard and use a spool valve
         | to split some off to col the batteries better.
        
       | ajot wrote:
       | Reminds me of Exponential Motors, a startup/project created by a
       | chilean, an argentinean and a mexican in Singularity University,
       | who made somo prototypes converting cars to hybrids with
       | supercapacitors.
       | 
       | https://exponentialmotors.com/
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be cheaper just to drive actual golf carts than to
       | pay to convert?
        
         | psd1 wrote:
         | It would be cheaper still to commit suicide directly, and less
         | likely to affect other road users.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | Yes. Used Nissan LEAF is like $1500 at the lowest end. Same for
         | Prius. Lots of them should be able to continue to roll on the
         | ground for a decade or so on bald tires. It'll be very hard to
         | undercut those.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Back in the 90s, I carpooled with a friend who had a retrofitted
       | Honda CRX. I remember the first time he picked me up in it, we
       | rolled out of my driveway and then started down the street and I
       | was wondering when he'd turn the engine on and stop relying on
       | gravity to move the car (I used to use the same trick with my
       | stick-shift Miata) and then I realized that he was, it's just
       | that the electric motor was _silent_.
       | 
       | The other fun thing was watching the battery gauge fall as we
       | went up the ramp on the 10-57 interchange in San Dimas. Being an
       | early adopter, the commute from Claremont to Orange County was
       | just within the range of his EV. He later went on to be one of
       | the first lessees of the EV1 and was interviewed in _Who Killed
       | the Electric Car?_
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | The key innovation to make Tesla a success was regenerative
       | braking along with the transmission to make it work.
       | 
       | Just replacing the engine with an electric motor and batteries
       | works, but is significantly inferior.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I don't disagree, but I also think that the key innovation that
         | Tesla did was to make EVs cool (or at least, non-dorky).
        
           | kobalsky wrote:
           | > (or at least, non-dorky).
           | 
           | I always expected the tinfoil hats to raise up when many
           | mainstream series made fun of prius owners being pretentious
           | dorks, or when Musk came out of the closet as a republican
           | and everyone started hating the brand [1].
           | 
           | I half expected them to say that it was the work of big-oil.
           | 
           | [1] https://slate.com/business/2023/07/elon-musk-tesla-
           | owners-tw...
        
         | dwallin wrote:
         | Regenerative braking is so far from being an innovation on
         | Tesla's part. Regenerative braking as a technology has been
         | around since 1886, and was even seen in some of the earliest
         | electric cars at the end of the 19th century (krieger electric
         | landaulet).
         | 
         | Even when you fast forward to modern production cars, the Prius
         | had a regenerative braking system almost a decade before the
         | Tesla Roadster came out.
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Regular cars were carefully designed to fold like an accordion in
       | case of impact, so people will be safe
       | 
       | Now add to the equation a big flammable battery below the people
       | in the areas designed to fold and you will have a lot of
       | scorching fun if the car that you drive eventually hit something.
       | 
       | Do we really need to explain why this is a recipe for trouble?.
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | This is amazing. It's a shame how western media and governments
       | aim to cover up such information and then try to regulate the
       | movement out of existence... Again under the guise of 'safety'.
       | 
       | If this movement picks up, you know for sure that governments
       | will be doing PsyOps to stage and draw attention to battery
       | explosions and then claim "Look, we told you it was unsafe."
       | Disgusting.
        
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