[HN Gopher] The Canary
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Canary
        
       Author : ebcode
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2024-09-08 07:22 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | kjkjadksj wrote:
       | Too bad the workers are still covered in black dust inside and
       | out
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | > Basically no one came forward on their own: Civil servants
       | appeared to lack the ability to be recognized. [...] Even their
       | nominations feel modest. Never I did this, but we did this. Never
       | look at me, but look at this work!
       | 
       | Now I wonder if I should've looked at a career in government.
       | Something to keep in mind the next time I find that I've somehow
       | become the surviving "maintenance" developer on a project.
       | 
       | Lots of material here, but the two main points I see about
       | stopping mine collapses boil down to:
       | 
       | 1. Make mining companies actually install a safe amount of roof-
       | bolts, rather using the new technique in a half-assed way that
       | saves them some money while staying _just as deadly_ as the old
       | way.
       | 
       | 2. Stop mining companies from substituting their own unsafe
       | models to justify mining-away columns that are _are_ important
       | for keeping everything up.
       | 
       | _____
       | 
       | > In 2016 -- the first year in recorded history that zero
       | underground coal miners were killed by falling roofs -- Chris
       | landed in a public spat. He'd seen an article by an economic
       | historian about the history of roof bolts in the journal of
       | Technology and Culture.
       | 
       | > The historian wanted to argue that roof bolts had taken 20
       | years to reduce fatality rates because it had taken 20 years for
       | the coal mining industry to learn to use them. All by itself, the
       | market had solved this worker safety problem! The government's
       | role, in his telling, was as a kind of gentle helpmate of
       | industry. "It was kind of amazing," said Chris. "What actually
       | happened was the regulators were finally empowered to regulate.
       | Regulators needed to be able to enforce. He elevated the role of
       | technology. He minimized the role of regulators."
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | It's an interesting story, but I did wonder how much the
       | transition to mountain top removal of coal and away from deep
       | mines contributed.
       | 
       | As the text makes clear the industry was mostly motivated by the
       | cost of roof falls, not the deaths and injuries they caused.
       | 
       | Random AI quote from Google Search: > Surface mining is more
       | cost-effective than underground mining, and accounts for over 60%
       | of coal production in the US.
        
         | pm215 wrote:
         | The industry was motivated by costs, but the government
         | regulation was motivated by deaths and injuries. And the graph
         | in the article certainly rather suggests that when the
         | government regulated that's when the number of deaths fell...
        
           | boxed wrote:
           | There was a pretty sharp drop before too.
        
             | snowflakeandrey wrote:
             | I wonder if that's because as regulation is considered and
             | debated, industry incentives start to align as they attempt
             | to show they're "regulating themselves just fine".
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | The deaths themselves are costly to the org, both because of
         | insurance and because it's terrible for morale.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | Do you mean contributed in a negative way, because subsurface
         | mining had to compete on cost with strip mines?
         | 
         | From the article it appears to me that the mines still stayed
         | somewhat viable despite the added safety, and were mainly
         | lacking a mechanism (=> the regulator) to have everyone
         | prioritize worker safety sufficiently at first...
        
       | Stratoscope wrote:
       | This is quite an amazing and touching story. A must-read.
       | 
       | I think the original title is better than the submitted one:
       | 
       |  _The Canary_
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | Interesting article. Had to read it, trying to figure out why
       | coal miners were in danger of falling off of roofs lol.
        
       | myrmidon wrote:
       | Excellent article.
       | 
       | It is only mentioned in passing, but being 60 years ahead of
       | schedule and 30 billion dollars under projected costs is such a
       | boss move.
       | 
       | Having stories like these better represented in media would help
       | a lot in preventing general apathy and disillusion toward
       | politics/government-- it might even help channel slight
       | patriotism in a very positive way (toward improving
       | infrastructure/society).
       | 
       | In western nations, we have reduced nationalism (and national
       | pride in general) by a LOT for the last generations (especially
       | on the left side of the political spectrum), and I do believe
       | that there is a significant hidden price to pay for this (as
       | society and country).
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | > _toward improving infrastructure /society_
         | 
         | Having moved someplace where the general attitude seems to me*
         | to be "we don't have a wrong side of the tracks, we're not
         | barbarians after all" I'll vouch that being surrounded by this
         | variety of patriotism is indeed pleasant.
         | 
         | * the indigenous view things differently: my wife (who has wild
         | stories about her youth like being in the same city during the
         | mass shooting) and I were going to an art opening run by the
         | olympic organisation in our capital city, and directly in front
         | of the venue she asked "can we park here? it's such a _sketchy_
         | neighbourhood "; I wanted to grab her by the shoulders and
         | shake her while yelling "WTF? sketchy? I've been broken down in
         | NWA-era Compton, and this here reads to me as like, maybe,
         | _lower_ middle class? "
         | 
         | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LREf9SXfHBI&t=13s
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | Seems pretty wholesome and folksy:
           | https://youtu.be/K6D5xpCgETk?t=16
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | I get the opposite impression in Berlin. Nothing that's as
           | dangerous as people seem to think happens actually happens.
           | 
           | I happened to be hanging around sn area where some anarchist
           | activists set on fire on New Year's Eve a few years ago... in
           | the middle of the closed off road far away from other
           | flammable objects, which the fire department only got to once
           | it was already dying down. Yet the reporting and public
           | perception of that event was as if the whole block burned
           | down and you cannot ever go in that area or you will be
           | arsonized. Police presence was ramped up at all following
           | NYEs and fireworks were banned in that particular area,
           | enforced with a police cordon, as if that was supposed to
           | achieve anything. (There were illegal fireworks there anyway)
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | The german-speaking space is yes world-master in ,,motzen"
             | (bellyaching).
             | 
             | [then again, I made my peace with that after learning that
             | ,,na, und?" is not only a thing, but has been perfectly
             | cromulent since at least the 1500s]
        
         | peterldowns wrote:
         | You may enjoy the book How Big Things Get Done by Bent
         | Flyvbjerg and Dan Gardner. It details quite a few large-scale
         | projects, mostly those that failed and went way over budget,
         | and tries to come up with a model for why this happens so
         | often. The examples it uses of how to do things well are really
         | exciting -- did you know the Empire State building was also
         | built ahead of schedule and under budget?
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | Another book about a civil servant doing great things is
           | "Racing for the bomb" about General Leslie Groves who built
           | the Pentagon and led the Manhattan Project, completing both
           | in record time.
        
             | peterldowns wrote:
             | I just finished The Making Of The Atomic Bomb by Richard
             | Rhodes, and Groves comes across as a very fascinating guy.
             | I'll add this to my bookmarks list, thank you. Any chance
             | you know of a good biography of Henry Stimson?
        
         | 0xEF wrote:
         | Your comment has given me something to contemplate.
         | 
         | Growing up, I was taught that we (the US) was the greatest
         | country on Earth. You can only imagine my disillusionment upon
         | entering voting-age and adulthood. The cracks in the veneer
         | were starting to show.
         | 
         | Fast forward to the Obama presidency, when Hope was a selling
         | point. By then I had no real faith in the US. I'd experienced
         | the lingering impact of financial destitution, homelessness and
         | addiction, which our country would rather pretend does not
         | exist here. I'd been exposed to things that made it feel like
         | we lived in a society that put more value in appearances than
         | it did substance. The food turned out to be fake. The
         | educations we were getting turned out to be a lie. The idea
         | that one could work hard and succeed was all smoke and mirrors.
         | Our flag was starting to be co-opted by racists and fascists,
         | the early bubblings of the boil-over we are now experiencing.
         | So, it was easy to see why Hope was a marketing pitch.
         | 
         | But these days, I am trying so hard to reclaim whatever love I
         | can for the US. There are good people here trying to do good
         | things, but they so easily get drowned out by the alarm bells
         | and angry shouts, that it is difficult to see or hear them.
         | Even my initial approach to this article was tainted by my
         | experiences, leaving me to assume it was another "feel good"
         | piece about something that _should_ be normalized, but instead
         | is treated like the exception to the cynical rule.
         | 
         | I will try to find more stories like this.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | Fully agree with your attitude.
           | 
           | Its always easy to fall into cynicism and and its trivial to
           | justify to yourself and others, but in the end, its a shit
           | attitude that is more likely to do harm than any good...
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | This article is a particularly relevant example of why
           | there's broad support in the US for gutting the national
           | government, eliminating entire departments, cutting those
           | that remain by large percentages, and replacing the
           | nonpartisan experts who somehow survive the cuts with know-
           | nothings who can pass a test of loyalty and ideological
           | purity.
           | 
           | Who is willing to spend 60 to 90 minutes carefully reading
           | 12,450 words, with technical vocabulary like "longwall
           | mining" and "abutment load", with long sentences that contain
           | multiple clauses?
           | 
           | Who has the sustained attention and intellectual curiosity
           | needed to grasp abstract relationships between ideas and
           | complex, multi-layered concepts, such as the tension between
           | safety and profitability, the inherent incentives of market
           | economies, the power imbalance between workers and owners,
           | and the long-term systemic changes resulting from the well
           | financed campaign to blame government and collective action
           | for systemic market failure?
           | 
           | Very few people have the capacity, attention, interest or
           | stamina to thoughtfully read an article like this and
           | understand exactly why the wealthy mine owners wouldn't fix
           | this problem on their own, why the market couldn't fix this
           | problem, why it required deep expertise from a government
           | worker to fix this problem.
           | 
           | It's far easier to simply parrot the idea that government is
           | the problem, that corporations need less regulation, that tax
           | cuts for the insanely wealthy will magically trickle down to
           | workers, that our many serious problems can be solved by
           | concentrating migrants and homeless in camps, that protesters
           | should be imprisoned or killed, that democratic elections are
           | fraudulent, that only a strongman ruler can fix it.
        
             | elevation wrote:
             | > broad support in the US for gutting the national
             | government
             | 
             | I support balancing the federal budget. Since the US
             | government spends roughly twice its revenue, achieving
             | balance would realistically require unprecedented "gutting"
             | of some agencies.
             | 
             | However, I question the idea of "broad support" for such
             | gutting. Regardless of who wins elections, the federal
             | deficit, federal budget, federal employment rolls, federal
             | tax code etc, have only ever increased. Nothing has
             | interrupted this pattern for as long as I've lived.
             | 
             | I don't know of "broad support" for anything except
             | complaining about it.
        
             | Gravityloss wrote:
             | And there's a further layer in the onion: the bureau of
             | mines was shut down except this one guy's department. And
             | he said it was actually a good thing.
             | 
             | Removing code is hard, I assume it's also hard with
             | government agencies, but sometimes it's really useful to
             | do.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | Looking at your country from the outside, both your initial
           | overoptimism and your subsequent disillusionment seem
           | inaccurate.
           | 
           | There's a ton of propaganda both ways; all of it is based on
           | blowing some small fact completely out of proportion.
           | 
           | The US is awesome but no place is perfect.
        
           | itsoktocry wrote:
           | > _I will try to find more stories like this._
           | 
           | No offense, but it sounds like your problem is that you spend
           | _too_ much time  "finding stories", and end up cynical and
           | pessimistic about the the country.
           | 
           | But, back in reality, the US is very wealthy, has amazing
           | educational institutions, unlimited opportunity and guess
           | what? Not everyone who waves the flag is a fascist or racist.
           | Some of those people long for the way things were...just like
           | you seem to be doing.
           | 
           | It's not perfect, but the US is still a great place.
        
           | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
           | > Growing up, I was taught that we (the US) was the greatest
           | country on Earth. You can only imagine my disillusionment
           | upon entering voting-age and adulthood.
           | 
           | As a side note, your experience is similar to many other
           | adults living in many other countries.
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | Such people should be much more visible in the world:
         | 
         | Frazer Lockhart
         | 
         | Manager, Rocky Flats Project Department of Energy Evergreen,
         | Colorado
         | 
         | https://servicetoamericamedals.org/honorees/frazer-lockhart-...
         | 
         | I think the reduction in national pride in some nations has
         | more to do with it being obvious that many of the people
         | running the country at a high level have no loyalty to the
         | people; that kind of thing trickles down and poisons us all.
        
         | triclops200 wrote:
         | I think you might enjoy the book "manufacturing consent," it
         | answers a lot of the hows and whys of stuff like this as well
         | as provides some general thoughts around the phenomenon of
         | patriotism and why it might be on the decline in some groups
         | (though it's actually on the rise, statistically, in other
         | large segments of the US)
        
           | djangelic wrote:
           | The documentary was also insightful:
           | https://youtu.be/Li2m3rvsO0I?si=QsJLtqES3AEhbcEO
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > In western nations, we have reduced nationalism (and national
         | pride in general) by a LOT for the last generations (especially
         | on the left side of the political spectrum)
         | 
         | We really haven't, we've reduced national jingoism and
         | converted it into identity jingoism, then redefined modernity
         | as a harmonious collection of designated and licensed
         | identities _at war with the corruption of evil foreign
         | influences._ We 've continued or escalated international
         | aggression, to the extent that the fear of or the desire for
         | revenge upon foreigners has become the main issue in politics.
         | It is absolutely mundane now to accuse your neighbor of being
         | the servant of a foreign power.
         | 
         | In western nations, we have reduced or eliminated civics
         | education, which was our only chance to tell people about
         | popular sovereignty, that government springs from their rights
         | and is for their comfort. Now many of them think that their
         | rights have been granted for the government's protection.
         | Nationalism is poison.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | > We really haven't, we've reduced national jingoism and
           | converted it into identity jingoism
           | 
           | This is kinda what I mean-- instead of identifying with the
           | nation (freedom & opportunity), a lot of people have latched
           | onto their party instead, and this is an obvious disadvantage
           | for social cohesion (you could even reframe this a bit as
           | freedom vs opportunity, an interesting thought).
           | 
           | I find it curious how your wording implies
           | direction/intention/agency in these changes, which i
           | personally don't believe to exist. Sure, some people owning
           | large media might sit at a longer oar, but in the end we're
           | all just along for the ride and no single person or entity
           | really sits at the helm and controls how culture and society
           | changes (in my view).
           | 
           | edit: I honestly think that education is roughly better than
           | it ever was-- I would not really blame it for this despite
           | some failings (but got no US education personally).
        
       | throwpoaster wrote:
       | "And what I took away from that was that I should be able to make
       | my own decisions about right and wrong, and whatever anyone else
       | thinks doesn't matter."
       | 
       | A disturbing statement from a civil servant. Glad it all worked
       | out in the end.
        
         | GavinMcG wrote:
         | Very disturbing to have civil servants who were once children
         | with underdeveloped sensibilities.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | these public service awards should be bigger than the oscars. I
       | take a lot of shots at govt because I've seen it from the inside
       | and seen some of the low things the people in it do, but
       | sometimes the other ones solve incredible coordination problems
       | like the ones described.
       | 
       | the way for it to succeed is for projects and people involved to
       | have shorter exits, as professionalizing public service
       | accumulates a lot of dead wood that becomes indifferent to any
       | given mission and success becomes the exception. the current
       | military is a bad example of a bureaucracy, but the idea of a
       | short duration national service would create talent pipelines and
       | mission focus, along with national cohesion.
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | I imagine this is why in certain fields with a regulatory
         | structure people pop in and out of industry - money, sadly, is
         | that recognition, although it is recognition in the end.
        
           | motohagiography wrote:
           | one of the best teams I've worked on was in public service
           | with other consultants who were extremely mission focused.
           | 
           | what made it successful was the team related the way special
           | operations relate to regular forces. I'd bet if you went down
           | the list of Sammy nominees, or looked at most accomplishments
           | in public service, they were done by people who succeeded
           | outside the mainline org reporting.
           | 
           | if you look at the way the military uses special forces to
           | achieve objectives, there is probably an analogous model in
           | public service. to some extent it's done in consulting, but
           | there is so much partisan bloat and low-level fiefdom in it
           | that there isn't a coherent operating model.
           | 
           | the 18F program that became the US Digital Service was a task
           | force that had huge impact. there are certain whitehouse
           | initiatives around cybersecurity that worked in a similar
           | way. maybe the opportunity is to create a special operations
           | doctrine for public services, where it codifies how there's a
           | specific way to use that kind of initiative and talent, and
           | when not to.
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | I had brief stints in state and county government doing policy
       | work, and I remember a piece of advice for how you want to do
       | work like Marks': you want to be high enough in goverment that
       | you can make an impact, work with interesting problems in the
       | real world - but not high enough that you get affected by regular
       | changes in elected leadership, with eventually reverberate down
       | the hierarchy. But in public service the compensation for doing
       | good work is really just the ability to do more of that work,
       | without being bothered too much about having to accumulate a fat
       | CV (either in academia or industry).
       | 
       | I'm glad he found his niche, and managed to survive so many
       | administrative rehousings.
        
       | zavec wrote:
       | Among all the other great things, I found the bit about how
       | cathedrals were built by trial and error really interesting. It
       | had never occurred to me that operating on that timescale you
       | could make changes from one bay to the next based on how the
       | first one was reacting.
        
       | thushan wrote:
       | This piece is beautiful.
       | 
       | I hope it gives you the tingles, and color on the people doing
       | the hard work. Michael Lewis knows how to spot colorful
       | characters and frame a thesis of a bigger idea around them. But
       | there's lots of people like this in government, finding ways to
       | nudges to be a "more perfect" version of our country -- often
       | exhaustingly facing headwinds to do so.
       | 
       | I'm an acquired YC founder (S11 - Launchpad Toys - Google - Led
       | early LLM efforts there), now serving in federal government at
       | the U.S. Digital Service. It's the White House's technology arm
       | where we bring people from technology and industry for 2 year
       | "tours of duty" and help to modernize our systems and make our
       | digital experiences better (Fixing Healthcare.gov, and recently
       | shipping IRS Direct File are some of success stories).
       | 
       | Your country could use you.
       | 
       | We need experienced technologists across
       | eng/product/design/business - people like YC founders and HN
       | readers here.
       | 
       | Consider taking a look: USDS.gov
        
         | tjridesbikes wrote:
         | I've taken an honest look at USDS, but I decided I couldn't
         | afford to work for them, even though I would love to. I live in
         | one of the most expensive cities in the US, and salaries +
         | total comp form USDS are far lower than what I'm earning now,
         | even at a (well-funded, non-ai) non-profit. I'd have to start
         | at salary grade 15, the highest one, to even begin approaching
         | what I earn now.
         | 
         | I'm not even living a life of tech-bro luxury. I've got a
         | mortgage, bills to pay, retirement to save for, groceries,
         | transportation, etc that take a significant plurality of my
         | take-home pay. Sure, my standard of living is a bit higher than
         | average (I have a penchant for expensive bicycles...), but that
         | doesn't add up to the pay cut I'd have to take to work at any
         | salary grade besides the literal highest one.
         | 
         | I would adore working for the government on technology. I work
         | at a non-profit for its social impact, and I can't see myself
         | working in ads, ai, finance, or other place that doesn't
         | contribute to the social good. I wouldn't expect to be paid at
         | FAANG/MAMAA/whatever levels, but something competitive with
         | what I see private companies offering would get me to sign up
         | in (almost) an instant.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm missing something?
        
           | shawndrost wrote:
           | Government jobs have a fixed pay grade that isn't changing.
           | It doesn't afford an upper-middle-class life in an expensive
           | city. You may find yourself wanting both, but you can't have
           | them. If you already get that, you're not missing anything!
           | 
           | If you have a deeper question about why the US government
           | chooses this outcome, here is the answer: It is ideologically
           | closer to Mondrian than to other US corporations. This
           | ideology makes it hard to hire for certain higher-wage
           | skills; they have to find workers who will accept a pay cut.
           | (Mondrian's maximum wage ratio -- the wage of the CEO divided
           | by the lowest-paid worker -- is six. Private sector CEOs
           | might get 10x more than Mondrian's CEO; Mondrian's CEO makes
           | ideologically-motivated sacrifices. Something similar is
           | happening for high-skill devs at Mondrian and the USG.) To
           | some degree this ideology is thrust upon the largest entities
           | whose workforces tend to unionize and lobby for similar
           | outcomes; to some degree it is an emergent outcome of
           | principled and political choices by legislators and
           | executives.
           | 
           | Go USG! Such an inspiring organization. I can understand why
           | people are cynical -- it's too much to understand; anything
           | big has lots of ugliness; much of the Rep party has been
           | ideologically opposed to Mondrian; etc -- but I just think
           | it's so beautiful.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | Now start your own company that supplies the USG, and you
             | can have whatever pay scale you like within the amount of
             | money they give you...
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | As someone not in the third trimodal tech pay-hump (I can't
           | possibly pass the interviews, I'm all used up for the day
           | after 90-120 minutes of far-less-stressful ordinary
           | interviewing) I'd considered it, because the pay cut would be
           | fairly small, I find the mission appealing, and federal
           | government benefits and retirement are really good...
           | 
           | Then I noticed the "term of service" stuff and nope'd out.
           | Without the retirement, it's a terrible deal even for me.
        
       | macrael wrote:
       | Very cool story. The technical bit at the heart of it, that Mark
       | applied stats to determine the safe amount of column supports for
       | ceilings rather than relying on various engineering calculations
       | based on physics that all disagreed, is great. And it's wild that
       | he had the data to collect those stats because of regulators
       | requiring reporting on it, but that that data had sat around un-
       | used for decades waiting for someone to actually turn it into
       | safety.
        
       | mud_dauber wrote:
       | I lost an uncle to black lung in a WV underground mine. One
       | grandfather lost an eye (explosion), the other broke his back.
       | 
       | I'm happy for Chris's dedication - but this industry needs to
       | die.
        
       | seanc wrote:
       | Michael Lewis' book "The Fifth Risk" has other stories of
       | exceptional public servants, and a very insightful commentary on
       | public service in general.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Risk
        
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