[HN Gopher] Synthetic diamonds are now purer, more beautiful, an...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Synthetic diamonds are now purer, more beautiful, and cheaper than
       mined
        
       Author : bswud
       Score  : 340 points
       Date   : 2024-09-09 13:30 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (worksinprogress.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (worksinprogress.co)
        
       | pton_xd wrote:
       | I mean, this has been true for the better part of a decade. The
       | difference now is that jewelers caved and many offer a selection
       | of lab diamonds. There's still a high markup on lab diamonds in
       | most retailers though. Loose lab diamonds are incredibly cheap,
       | only $600 per carat!
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Where does one get these wholesale prices? And I assume that
         | cutting happens at some cost over this?
        
           | pton_xd wrote:
           | Wholesale I'm not sure. Retail you can use sites like
           | stonealgo.com to search inventory. And no that's the final
           | cut and graded price.
        
             | stoolio wrote:
             | The trade uses a variety of sites for "wholesale" prices.
             | Rapnet is the standard, and they publish the Rapaport Price
             | List. However, it only covers natural diamonds, and rapnet
             | only lists natural. Diamonds generally go for a % discount
             | off the Rap Price List.
             | 
             | Polygon (.net) is the other major listing platform. They
             | include lab diamonds, and most everyone uses them. There
             | are other platforms, but those are the two majors IMHO.
             | 
             | You need to be a member of the trade to sign up AFAIK.
             | 
             | However, I have seen one retail site, Ritani, actually post
             | "wholesale" prices and they seemed to be pretty accurate.
             | They seem to have good prices too. They list their
             | wholesale/markup/etc. Of course, you should buy from a nice
             | local jewelry store, but if you want to buy lab online they
             | are at least great for checking prices.
        
           | hadlock wrote:
           | LMGTFY
           | 
           | gemsny.com friendlydiamonds.com lightboxjewelry.com
           | 
           | I found a wide variety of 2-3ct diamonds for $1200-1400 there
           | (round, brillant cut, the "classic" type), which is what a
           | 0.75-1.0ct used to cost
        
             | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
             | Go direct to the source and you can get 2ct colorless
             | diamonds at less than $600 shipped. e.g.,
             | https://detail.1688.com/offer/751071300271.html
             | 
             | There are literally hundreds of suppliers like that in
             | China/India. _Do not_ pay more than $1000 for a diamond of
             | any size.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Link is not working, can you tell me what to search?
        
               | Tepix wrote:
               | Works for me.
        
               | folmar wrote:
               | I get infinite captcha hell.
        
               | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
               | Go to 1688.com and search "Shi Yan Shi Zuan Shi " -- "lab
               | diamond"
               | 
               | You may need to have an account. But there's a ton of
               | interesting and esoteric stuff on 1688.com, so, if you
               | can figure it out, it's worth it.
        
               | mhuffman wrote:
               | This looks too good to be true. I am interested in this
               | (because of all the terrible stuff related to diamond
               | mines), but how do you protect yourself from scams on
               | this site? $500-$1,000 is a lot to "test the waters" and
               | see if they are real or even if they will arrive. What is
               | the chance the just swap it out with Moissanite or who
               | knows what?
        
         | hadlock wrote:
         | I was surprised by this, but the top three results for lab
         | grown diamonds, all of them had good cut, color clarity 3+
         | carat (loose) diamonds for ~$1200-1400. That's very impressive
         | given that's what a mid grade 0.75-1.0ct mined diamond cost 5-6
         | years ago
        
       | AStrangeMorrow wrote:
       | I have seen lab grown diamond being quite a bit cheaper than
       | mined ones for a while now. As in x2 to x3 times cheaper even.
       | 
       | And yes, funnily it seems that the purer a diamond is (clear, few
       | impurities etc) the higher its price/carat, until it is so pure
       | that it means it is a lab grown diamond and not a natural one and
       | the price drops
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Veblen good.
        
           | _Microft wrote:
           | The maybe overly terse parent comment is referring to this
           | concept:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veblen_good
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | No, Veblen bad.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Not really. The comment is talking about price increasing
           | with the quality of the "good", which is perfectly
           | conventional. The weird price cliff is especially out of
           | place for a Veblen good.
        
           | djtango wrote:
           | Because synthetic diamonds are indistinguishable to the naked
           | eye (IIRC a trained eye with a magnifying glass can spot
           | faint nitrogen impurities which are characteristic of natural
           | diamonds) the thing you're _really_ paying for is the piece
           | of paper, the certificate. You 're not really paying for
           | carbon allotrope.
           | 
           | So it's less like gold which is fungible and a more natural
           | form of money.
           | 
           | Diamonds feel more like an NFT...
        
             | justinparus wrote:
             | Agreed. So much so I wonder if they engrave all lab-grown
             | ones, so they don't get mixed up easily with mined and ruin
             | their price.
        
               | onlypassingthru wrote:
               | If I'm not mistaken, diamonds get etched with a serial
               | number when they get graded so you can look up the
               | history later.
        
             | heavenlyblue wrote:
             | In fact, De Beers have been agressively hiring for their
             | osn blockchain-for-diamonds project.
        
             | pharrington wrote:
             | More importantly, you're paying for the human rights
             | violations. Hopefully, synthetic diamonds eventually become
             | popular enough to destroy the perverse incentives fueling
             | the traditional diamond trade.
        
       | BeetleB wrote:
       | Mostly irrelevant when it comes to the value, sadly. Especially
       | for engagements.
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | This seems to be an American phenomenon. Americans--women in
         | demanding it, and men in acquiescing to it--are keeping this
         | commercially confected "tradition" alive through a vanity bred
         | and reinforced by corporate greed and consumerism. It's not
         | that a diamond ring is bad per se. It's the artificial and
         | frankly socially destructive stipulations around them. It's
         | almost as if the marriage and future spouse were an
         | afterthought, secondary to the actual ring! It is utterly
         | deranged.
         | 
         | Similar things can be said about lavish weddings couples can't
         | afford and go into debt for. It's a culture of spectacle and
         | pretense. If you're not a rich aristocrat, don't pretend to be
         | one. You're not "temporarily embarrassed millionaires".
        
           | nathan_compton wrote:
           | Eh, people are going to people. My wife and I are American
           | and we did not do a diamond ring (we just exchanged simple
           | hard wood rings).
           | 
           | In any case, what I really object to is your assertion that
           | women "demand" it and men "acquiesce" to their demands. In
           | most cases people just figure its the tradition and its fun
           | and frankly, if I were a woman, I wouldn't say no to a costly
           | sign of commitment if the dude wanted to do it. But most of
           | the women I know have no deep commitment to the practice.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > In any case, what I really object to is your assertion
             | that women "demand" it and men "acquiesce" to their
             | demands.
             | 
             | You may not be in the target audience of his comment.
             | 
             | Of course, he is stereotyping and generalizing, but my
             | anecdote matches his comment. I still know plenty of people
             | who go by the N months rule:
             | https://www.theknot.com/content/spending-three-months-
             | salary...
        
           | xhevahir wrote:
           | If you think lavish spending on weddings and engagements is
           | an "American phenomenon," you're badly mistaken. Read up on
           | weddings in India, Armenia, Cambodia, Afghanistan...
        
             | rowanG077 wrote:
             | There is a difference in going all out for an event vs
             | spending all that money on essentially a useless rock.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | When diamonds held their value they were a useful vehicle
               | for dowry (and showing off your dowry). Now that they
               | don't...an Instagram account with 100K followers might be
               | a suitable modern replacement
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | While I agree with your point, I also agree with GP's
             | point. The difference between you and him is what you
             | consider "lavish".
             | 
             | For many, spending $20K on a wedding is "lavish".
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | Measuring across countries in a $ figure doesn't quite
               | capture it. I'd use something like percentage of annual
               | disposable income
        
       | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
       | Over the past 10 years, there has been an explosion in cheap lab
       | diamond and moissanite producers in China and India. 10 years
       | ago, it was hard to find quality lab diamonds at a reasonable
       | price, and moissanite was still reasonably expensive at
       | $400-600/ct.
       | 
       | Today, given cutthroat competition and "race to the bottom"
       | pricing strategies, lab diamonds are ubiquitous, extremely high
       | quality, and cheap. Less than $200/ct and sometimes much less:
       | https://detail.1688.com/offer/751071300271.html
       | 
       | Moissanites are now less than $5/carat at retail:
       | https://detail.1688.com/offer/586468555080.html
       | 
       | These are legit. I've bought some.
       | 
       | Within 10 years of today, I expect diamonds to lose almost all of
       | their value. Moissanites have already become as near-worthless as
       | synthetic rubies. This is going to open up new industrial uses
       | for those gemstones.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | They never had any value, apart from specialized ie glass
         | cutting tool. Only when DeBeers realized they could push some
         | fictious heavy marketing 'to prove your worth to woman you are
         | asking to marry' for those shiny stones nobody wanted to buy,
         | people who didn't know better got manipulated into buying them.
         | They are supposedly very common in universe, and probably in
         | deeper Earth too.
         | 
         | Correction is healthy and benefits mankind long term, there was
         | nothing good coming from ie impact on Africa. Nobody cared
         | about that, so things are fixed from another direction.
        
           | RandomLensman wrote:
           | Diamonds where valued before DeBeers even existed, but
           | diamonds in engagement rings (especially in the US) are (at
           | least partially) from a heavy marketing push by them in the
           | 20th century. Previously engagement rings tended to be
           | colored gemstones.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | Yes, I've read that in the early 20th century, other
             | precious gemstones (like rubies & emeralds) had more than a
             | third of the market for engagement rings.
        
           | tonetegeatinst wrote:
           | I think diamonds are used in some lathes as cutting tools. So
           | suprising thats not more common. I though diamonds strength
           | and iirc its heat tolerance would be attractive to the folks
           | who cut stuff.
        
             | folmar wrote:
             | The hardness is attractive but the poor heat resistance is
             | a major problem for many uses. For a normal angle grinder
             | you can use normal abrasive disc without paying much
             | attention, but with a diamond-grit one you can easily burn
             | the diamonds.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Diamonds are excellent for cutting some materials, e.g.
             | ceramics or some non-ferrous alloys, but they are bad for
             | cutting metals that are good at dissolving carbon, e.g.
             | iron, cobalt and nickel alloys.
             | 
             | So for the iron alloys, which are the material most
             | frequently processed by machining, diamond is not suitable.
             | Other hard crystals, like alumina a.k.a. corundum, are much
             | better for this purpose, even if they are less hard than
             | diamond.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | For those metals, cubic boron nitride works and has about
               | half the Knoop hardness of diamond (and more than twice
               | the hardness of aluminum oxide.)
               | 
               | c-BN is isoelectronic with diamond; h-BN is isoelectronic
               | with graphite (but is an insulator).
        
             | avhon1 wrote:
             | Diamond turning is used to produce optical surfaces with
             | lathes. Here's a recent example on youtube:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPTFFPLOzCw
        
             | grues-dinner wrote:
             | They're not that heat tolerant. They're fantastic heat
             | conductors, but they'll burn away into carbon dioxide (via
             | carbon monoxide). The temperatures needed to do that are
             | high, around 900C, but that's not _that_ high. Angle
             | grinder sparks can be hotter than 1000C, as can the edges
             | of carbide tools.
        
           | darby_nine wrote:
           | There's no market for e.g. diamond lenses? Sure it's going to
           | be on the expensive end of the market but the same forces are
           | pushing those prices down.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | Diamonds certainly have value as a material for jewelry --
           | essentially unscratchable jewelry is pretty awesome. They
           | also don't get cloudy over time or anything. That's the cool
           | part.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | They can be burned up in a house fire though.
        
           | ipsento606 wrote:
           | > Who does not love diamonds? Where is there a mind in
           | > which the bare mention of them does not excite a       >
           | pleasant emotion? Is there any one of rank too exalted
           | > to care for such baubles? The highest potentates of the
           | > earth esteem them as their choicest treasures, and       >
           | kingdoms have been at war for their possession
           | 
           | From "Diamonds" by William Pole, published in 1861 [1] (27
           | years before the formation of the De Beers company)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Diamonds/ENwOAAAAYAA
           | J?h...
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | The Europeans have encountered for the first time what are
             | now called diamonds during the expedition of Alexander the
             | Great in India, where they had been appreciated for jewelry
             | for a long time.
             | 
             | This is why the Romans, e.g. Pliny the Elder, used for
             | diamonds the name "Indian adamant". The name "adamant"
             | without the "Indian" specifier had already been used for
             | many hundreds of years (the oldest attestation is in
             | Hesiod), but it had not been applied to a gem, but to
             | nuggets of native osmium-iridium alloy, which can be found
             | mixed with the nuggets of native gold in the alluvial
             | deposits of gold (and which, unlike the gold with which
             | they were mixed, could be neither melted nor forged, hence
             | their name, "untameable"; "unconquerable", which is used in
             | the article is a bad translation for "adamant").
             | 
             | Pliny the Elder described the "Indian adamant" as
             | consisting of octahedral crystals, which is the most
             | frequent form of the natural diamonds. It appears that at
             | that time it was impossible to cut the diamonds, at most
             | they might have been polished a little, so the crystals
             | used in jewelry retained their native shape.
             | 
             | By the time of Pliny the Elder, the "Indian adamant" was
             | the most expensive gem, surpassing even the noble opals,
             | the pearls, the emeralds and the beryls, which were the
             | next most expensive gems at that time. The Romans did not
             | care much for transparent crystals, they appreciated much
             | more the higher quality exemplars of noble opals or pearls,
             | if those exhibited a nice play of colors.
        
           | khazhoux wrote:
           | > They never had any value
           | 
           | The Crown Jewels disagree with you
           | 
           | https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-
           | stories/t...
        
           | murukesh_s wrote:
           | >They never had any value
           | 
           | They had immense value in ancient world. They were valued
           | much more than gold - due to their rarity. Southern India was
           | the only known source for mining diamonds in ancient world
           | [1]. They were used as currency and was valued higher than
           | gold. In fact there were wars fought for diamonds.
           | 
           | There is a saying about Koh-i-Noor, one of the most famous
           | Diamond - "If a strong man were to throw four stones - one
           | north, one south, one east, one west, and a fifth stone up
           | into the air - and if the space between them were to be
           | filled with gold, all would not equal the value of the Koh-i-
           | Noor" [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda_diamonds
           | 
           | [2] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/16/koh
           | -i-...
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Anything rare does have value. So why not big enough
           | diamonds. With big being critical part. The tiny stuff really
           | is very stuff. The big is rare and thus rarity along
           | reasonably brings some value.
        
           | Vox_Leone wrote:
           | >>They never had any value
           | 
           | As they say, "If you want to know a diamond's worth, try
           | selling one"
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | I need diamonds to play my records! What do you think a record
         | stylus ("needle") is made from?
        
           | jalk wrote:
           | Worthless (as in low monetary value) doesn't mean useless.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Funnily enough this concept is literally called the
             | "diamond-water paradox".
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | Sure, but those aren't gem-grade. They're usually black and
           | opaque (polycrystalline) or yellow. And in any case they're
           | very small.
           | 
           | When I say new industrial uses, I'm thinking of things that
           | haven't been done before and hinge on large bulk volumes of
           | material: Windows, very large diamond anvil cells, high-
           | performance heatsinks, and stuff like that. Lots of cool
           | things are going to be developed.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | Shibata needles always commanded a premium. Can they now be
           | manufactured in that shape ? Can all vinyl lovers now get
           | Shibata needles ? The great thing about them is that they go
           | deeper in the record grooves, so even if your record has been
           | played a lot using cheaper needles, a Shibata might find
           | virgin vinyl. Which also means that on the first play with
           | the Shibata, it will excavate a lot of gunk.
        
           | anjel wrote:
           | The moon-rock tipped styluses are vastly superior. /Zappa
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > Moissanites have already become as near-worthless as
         | synthetic rubies.
         | 
         | I've noticed that synthetic sapphires are (or were?) much more
         | expensive than synthetic rubies. Do you know why?
        
           | spondylosaurus wrote:
           | I'm also curious about this. Especially since natural rubies
           | and natural sapphires are the same type of gemstone, just in
           | different colors. It sounds like the synthetic equivalents
           | might not be similar at all!
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | The synthetic equivalents have to be similar, because
             | they're the same thing as the natural stones, and the
             | natural stones are similar.
             | 
             | A ruby is corundum with chromium coloring it; a sapphire is
             | corundum with (most typically) iron coloring it.
             | 
             | Iron isn't rare, so either it affects the process used to
             | make rubies, or there's no real reason for the price gap.
        
               | spondylosaurus wrote:
               | "No real" reason wouldn't shock me. Not a gemstone expert
               | so I can't say, but if natural sapphires are more
               | expensive/in higher demand than natural rubies (despite
               | both being corundum) then it makes sense for that demand
               | to map onto their synthetic counterparts. But with the
               | synthetic stones, it's more obvious how arbitrary that
               | demand/price difference is.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | Iron is not enough for sapphires, it must be combined
               | with titanium.
               | 
               | I do not know how this is done, but while the doping with
               | chromium for rubies is simple, chromium will just
               | substitute aluminum in the crystal lattice and it will
               | provide a color determined by its concentration, for
               | sapphires there may be necessary a more complex thermal
               | treatment, so that the iron and titanium will form the
               | right type of coupled defects in the crystal, in order to
               | have the desired color.
        
             | tiagod wrote:
             | This is just speculation, but assuming you're talking about
             | gem-grade rubies and sapphires, perhaps there's more
             | industrial uses for similar rubies and the gem industry
             | sees the benefit.
        
           | zettabomb wrote:
           | I'm going to take a guess and say it's because of ruby
           | lasers. They make _massive_ synthetic ruby rods for lasers,
           | but it needs to be one solid piece with very low impurities.
           | A small defect will cause the rod to be entirely unusable for
           | a laser, but there can still be large portions usable for
           | other purposes with less stringent requirements. An example
           | is ruby tipped 3D printer nozzles, used for abrasive
           | filaments, which can be had for around $50.
        
             | avhon1 wrote:
             | Other mass-market uses for small rubies are for bearings in
             | precision gear trains, and wear-resistant tips for
             | precision measuring devices.
        
         | Joker_vD wrote:
         | > I expect diamonds to lose almost all of their value.
         | 
         |  _Artificial_ diamonds, you mean. The natural ones will keep
         | their price, just as  "hand-crafted" goods did (and, I suspect,
         | as "human-produced" content in the future will); it's a matter
         | of status and signalling that you can afford to buy an
         | inferior, more expensive product.
        
           | striking wrote:
           | I'd expect this to be true if you could tell at a glance. But
           | the new stuff looks like the old stuff, but bigger and
           | better.
        
           | batch12 wrote:
           | Now we just need artificial diamonds that are flawed enough
           | to be indistinguishable from real diamonds.
        
             | Joker_vD wrote:
             | There is a whole sub-industry of putting fake mosquitoes
             | into fake amber.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | As long as the mosquitos contain real dinosaur blood,
               | it's all good.
        
               | schmidtleonard wrote:
               | "We spared no expense!"
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | From chickens, right?
        
             | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
             | They already do this with emeralds -- fake inclusions and
             | flaws to make them look more like natural stones. If a
             | natural emerald and a good synthetic emerald are
             | distinguishable, it's often only because the synthetic one
             | still looks too much better -- its color and overall
             | clarity are still a little bit _too_ good.
        
             | vlachen wrote:
             | Just like the "distressed wood" trend caused a booming
             | business of making products that all have the exact same
             | "distressed" pattern. History doesn't repeat, but it
             | certainly rhymes.
        
               | iteratethis wrote:
               | I know somebody that works in a wooden floor business.
               | They take perfect new wood and move it through a cylinder
               | that drops pebbles on it. They sell it for 2-3 times the
               | price of undamaged wood.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | It's based on supply and demand.
           | 
           | In 2012, when I was shopping for an engagement ring, a
           | natural 2ct diamond cost $250,000. (I bought a 2ct moissanite
           | for much, much less, and my wife is very happy with it.)
           | 
           | When I looked in fall 2023, a natural 2ct diamond cost
           | $20,000. That's a loss of over 90% of value, not counting
           | inflation! (Now the supply of diamonds is much higher, and
           | the demand for _natural_ diamonds is much lower.)
           | 
           | I suspect that natural diamonds will be sold for a 40-300%
           | premium over manufactured. I also wonder if impurities will
           | become fashionable, just to show that a specific diamond is
           | actually natural and can't be made in a lab.
           | 
           | > Artificial diamonds
           | 
           | BTW, there is no such thing as an artificial diamond. A
           | _manufactured_ diamond is 100% diamond, for all intents and
           | purposes.
        
             | tikhonj wrote:
             | > _I also wonder if impurities will become fashionable,
             | just to show that a specific diamond is actually natural
             | and can 't be made in a lab._
             | 
             | I hope that happens for purely aesthetic reasons too:
             | natural "imperfections" add a lot of visual variety and
             | interest that's otherwise missing in a lot of diamond
             | jewellery--at least the sort that I've seen.
        
             | kaashif wrote:
             | > BTW, there is no such thing as an artificial diamond. A
             | manufactured diamond is 100% diamond
             | 
             | What do you believe the distinction between artificial and
             | manufactured is? As far as I'm aware, they're almost
             | synonyms.
             | 
             | Dictionaries literally list "man made" as one of the
             | definitions of artificial.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | A man-made television isn't an artificial television; a
               | man-made taco isn't an artificial taco.
               | 
               | Man-made beef and artificial beef are both the same
               | thing: a not-beef beef substitute. Beef is by definition
               | cow-made.
               | 
               | Man-made diamonds are just diamonds.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | Last I heard from the forefront of geology and ecology,
               | "natural" televisions and tacos have yet to be found.
               | 
               | So I don't think the distinction is best analyzed with
               | examples like that.
               | 
               | If something is normally created and nature, and humans
               | find a way to reproduce it, it is common to call the
               | human produced versions artificial even if the result is
               | identical in principle.
               | 
               | Humans make lots of distinctions that fall apart if we
               | get too pedantic, but have useful casual, cultural, or
               | practical associations and meanings.
        
               | LanceH wrote:
               | Burn hydrogen to make water. Is that artificial water? Or
               | is it forever artificial water? Is all water that mixes
               | with it artificial water? Is all water now artificial
               | since it has mixed with human made water?
               | 
               | While the basic definition seems to be merely "man-made",
               | I would say it holds there is some underlying distinction
               | between the natural and artificial. Natural light vs
               | artificial light -- the two are distinctly different. But
               | are the photons produced by a light bulb artificial, or
               | are they natural photons?
               | 
               | Artificial diamonds are more diamond than diamonds. The
               | diamond portions are identical, regardless of origin.
               | 
               | Or maybe there are trapped gasses or other identifiers
               | left in them that make them distinct. I don't really know
               | about this point.
               | 
               | Anyhow, the natural vs artificial distinction really
               | seems to break down when things are (literally)
               | physically and chemically identical.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | > "natural" televisions and tacos have yet to be found.
               | 
               | I refuse to give up hope!
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | Indeed, "artificial diamond" is one of the top examples
               | of the first definition of "artificial" at Merriam-
               | Webster, which is "man-made." [1]
               | 
               | Etymologically it means "made by skill."
               | 
               | But I understand the hesitation to use the word, as it
               | gives an impression of "fake."
               | 
               | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artificial
        
             | acchow wrote:
             | > also wonder if impurities will become fashionable, just
             | to show that a specific diamond is actually natural and
             | can't be made in a lab.
             | 
             | Why can't you add impurities when manufacturing a diamond?
             | "Doping"
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | You can, but a flaw in a gem is usually an inclusion of
               | some other mineral, a crack, or a hollow space.
        
               | grues-dinner wrote:
               | This is Gary: his job is to give the machine a solid kick
               | once a day and crack the vacuum seal on Fridays. Gary
               | made us 120 million in imperfections last quarter.
        
               | JonChesterfield wrote:
               | You get them whether you want it or not, at least some of
               | the time. Entropy and so forth. The synthetic ones with
               | worse imperfections are cheaper.
               | 
               | It's probably possible to guess by inspection whether the
               | imperfection properties imply mined vs lab grown, with
               | some level of accuracy.
               | 
               | Source for the existence of imperfections is reading
               | through lists of specific diamonds a few years ago. The
               | synthetic ones didn't vary much in colour but did vary in
               | number and distribution of inclusions.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | The realities of this market have not hit the consumers.
             | Even young people are still out there spending 5-6 figures
             | on a rock and ascribing real value and aspirations towards
             | eventually "upgrading" into said rocks from perhaps an
             | existing synthetic alternative already set in the ring.
             | Even if the supply side price argument is so perverted now,
             | we still have a culture that wants to put a high value on
             | this object for sentimental reasons. No one wants to hear
             | that diamond rings are worthless. They want to spend money
             | on it. Spending an appreciable amount of your savings on it
             | is the entire significance of it, not really the value
             | prospect.
        
               | pyrolistical wrote:
               | A good example of how marketing can produce cultural
               | values
        
               | gwbas1c wrote:
               | > No one wants to hear that diamond rings are worthless.
               | 
               | You might convince them that their diamonds are
               | worthless, and that a better investment is
               | cryptocurrency!
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | >> They want to spend money on it.
               | 
               | no guy ever wants to shell out $$$ for a useless rock
        
               | takinola wrote:
               | I am curious to know if there is precedent for goods
               | losing their veblen status.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Quick note that a very nice 2ct stone has never cost
             | $200,000. Not sure who was trying to charge you that much
             | in 2012 or why, but gem diamond prices haven't changed much
             | in the past 30 years, although there was an uptick in the
             | covid/inflationary years, and a reversion to trend more
             | recently.
             | 
             | https://www.pricescope.com/diamond-prices/diamond-prices-
             | cha...
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | Jewelry store wanted to anchor the price?
        
           | rowanG077 wrote:
           | Why? Natural diamonds are the inferior product in every way.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | For the same reason you can make a print of a classic
             | painting, and digitally brighten and re-saturate the colors
             | to counteract the darkening and yellowing of the original
             | with age. Remove all of the cracking too.
             | 
             | And you'll still only be able to sell the print for tens of
             | dollars, while the original is worth millions.
             | 
             | People attach value to authenticity and originals and
             | tradition, however they define that.
        
               | notfed wrote:
               | It sounds like some people _want_ to pay more money. Good
               | for them. I 'm happy to have a cheaper option.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Yes, this is a form of signaling in social psychology, an
               | interesting phenomenon that happens with originals versus
               | "replicas."
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | The whole point is to spend money and to be an honest
               | signal https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_theory
               | 
               | In the event artificial diamonds are genuinely
               | indistinguishable from natural ones they will all,
               | natural and artificial, become worthless aside from
               | practical applications.
        
               | freen wrote:
               | Sylvester McMonkey McBean at work.
        
               | notfed wrote:
               | That's a really, really dim signal though, right? You
               | literally need a microscope to see the signal.
        
               | rowanG077 wrote:
               | The prints most certainly aren't better. Hand painted is
               | not something that can't be defeated with a printer
               | currently. Besides you pay for the history of the
               | original not the paint. A natural diamond has essentially
               | the same history as any other rock you can pick up
               | anywhere for free. People pay for the feeling. That
               | doesn't mean a synthetic diamond is physically superior
               | in every way.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Except that with diamonds the authenticity is actual
               | human suffering in virtually slave like conditions.
        
               | derriz wrote:
               | > People attach value to authenticity and originals and
               | tradition, however they define that.
               | 
               | That (some) people might attach (some) value to those
               | attributes does not guarantee that the monetary value
               | will be preserved. Pre-20th century antique "brown"
               | furniture is a notorious example - where market value has
               | collapsed in the last few decades as fashion has shifted.
        
             | Xenoamorphous wrote:
             | I never bought a diamond in my life and have zero intention
             | of doing so, but I can see how to some people there would
             | be the appeal of knowing that a diamond came from some rock
             | where it had stayed untouched for millions of years vs. an
             | artificial one made in some China lab last month.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | I think the value of diamonds has always been their
               | rarity and cost. Historically, for married women this
               | allowed them some financial strength and safety net. Of
               | course as time goes on that function becomes less useful,
               | but the idea has still stuck around a bit.
               | 
               | I predict people will turn to other gemstones, or will
               | stick to "natural" diamonds and maybe even get them
               | certified and stuff, producing another artificial market
               | to inflate their value.
        
               | mNovak wrote:
               | Diamonds are already certified by GIA, so that you prove
               | their clarity and quality and such (which no untrained
               | observer would be able to differentiate)
        
               | anjel wrote:
               | You omit functional value referred somewhat
               | euphemistically as "portable wealth." See also: why
               | doesn't the US circulate 1000 dollar bills?
        
               | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
               | It's not, though. This is old, but it's a classic:
               | https://archive.ph/VdR8C
               | 
               | The short version is that it's very tough to sell
               | diamonds. You're much more likely to get fleeced or get
               | arrested than you are to get a fair deal.
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | > The natural ones will keep their price
           | 
           | But they haven't.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Given the moral conditions around natural diamonds it is
           | artificial diamonds that should command a premium.
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | > Within 10 years of today, I expect diamonds to lose almost
         | all of their value. Moissanites have already become as near-
         | worthless as synthetic rubies. This is going to open up new
         | industrial uses for those gemstones.
         | 
         | And for jewelry too. I bought my wife a 2ct moissanite in 2012.
         | There was no way we could have done that ring with a real
         | diamond back then.
         | 
         | When I was shopping, I happened to see a girl at a conference
         | who had many large moissanites on her ring. It was gorgeous,
         | and well within the price range of upper-middle-class.
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | And I'd be very happy to see the demise of De Beers. It's
         | amazing that De Beers can thrive for more than 100 years, but
         | still, using clever marketing and tight control of supply to
         | artificially jack up the price of diamond is counter-
         | productive.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I have heard that they are the ones that made diamonds the
           | engagement stone, and that was relatively recently.
           | 
           | My mother and grandmother had sapphire engagement rings.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | So did Princess Diana. Some of this is regional -- the US
             | is the epicenter of marketing diamonds while other places
             | don't value them so much.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Both me mum and grandmum were British.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Diamonds have lots of uses beyond being pretty.
         | 
         | I have to bring this up because a lot of people are talking as
         | if this is the entirety of the reason for their decrease. But
         | there's diamond files, diamond cutting blades/wheels/drills,
         | you can make glass from it (really only used in labs that
         | absolutely need them because the price), and many more uses.
         | Many of these don't care about size, quality, or clarity. So
         | instead of pulling from scrap material from jewelry making or
         | rejected diamonds you could just make your own and ensure your
         | own supply.
         | 
         | One of the things I've loved about synthetic diamond prices
         | coming down is just how cheap and available diamond cutting
         | wheels and filing tools have become. You can now get a set of
         | diamond files on Amazon for under $10. That's crazy
        
           | notfed wrote:
           | > diamond files on Amazon for under $10
           | 
           | Link? I'm skeptical. It seems more likely someone is abusing
           | the term "diamond", no?
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | Not the same thing, but you can get diamond tipped 3d
             | printer nozzles for ~$100:
             | https://www.amazon.com/Diamondback-Nozzles-Compatible-
             | Polycr...
             | 
             | Considering that these are a niche product requiring a
             | precisely shaped diamond insert made by a relatively small
             | operation in the US, I think it's believable that a Chinese
             | company could produce diamond files for ~$10, considering
             | that it only needs diamond powder and has more space for
             | mass production.
        
             | avhon1 wrote:
             | Sets like this one
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B092D4CV56
             | 
             | are also sold in U.S. hardware stores
             | 
             | https://www.harborfreight.com/needle-file-
             | set-10-piece-69876...
             | 
             | https://www.menards.com/main/tools/hand-tools/files/tool-
             | sho...
             | 
             | They are _very_ cheaply made, but as far as I can tell are
             | actually diamond. They 're good for shaping glass and
             | ceramics. For metal, you're better off using hardened steel
             | files, but these ones will work, just slowly and with less
             | precision.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I actually have that exact set. Yeah, they aren't high
               | quality, but as far as I can tell they are diamond. They
               | have that hardness and the filing is omnidirectional as
               | one would expect.
               | 
               | Of course you can get much better sets that will last
               | longer and are much more expensive. But I remember as a
               | kid that trying to buy a diamond bit was quite expensive
               | but most Dremel kits come with one and a wheel now
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | Diamonds are just dirt cheap. You can buy a set of ten
             | diamond needle files for $8 on Amazon, or less than $2 in
             | wholesale quantities. I have hundreds of grams of diamond
             | in my workshop in the form of lapping compound; if you're
             | so inclined, you could buy half a kilo of loose diamonds
             | for a couple of hundred bucks.
             | 
             | A wide range of very ordinary cutting tools are now tipped
             | with big chunks of polycrystalline diamond - cutting tools
             | for machining aluminium, inserts for rock drills, saw
             | blades for cutting fibre cement boards. Even woodworkers
             | are starting to use diamond saw blades and router bits,
             | because the improved wear life over tungsten carbide gives
             | a rapid return on investment.
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/Yakamoz-10-Piece-Diamond-Jewelers-
             | Pre...
             | 
             | https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/140mm-160mm-180mm-
             | Dia...
             | 
             | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32719545477.html
             | 
             | https://union-diamond.en.alibaba.com/index.html
             | 
             | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005003335883020.html
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Same. I even have that set from Amazon and am happy with
               | it. It's not the best, but there's always uses for cheap
               | files.
               | 
               | Also this is the first time I've tried to go to ali from
               | my phone and holy hell are they aggressive in trying to
               | get you to use the app. And express links require login?
               | WTF. It crashed my browser
        
               | grues-dinner wrote:
               | I bought that exact set of red-dipped-handled cheapo
               | rifflers 19 years ago (2005, I remember I was still at
               | school, and I think they came from Maplins, possibly
               | Rapid). They were cheap then too, probably about the same
               | numerical price, perhaps PS10 with the Maplins tax, and
               | AliExpress shipping was just a gleam in Jack Ma's eye.
               | Industrial-grade diamond dust has been pretty cheap for a
               | long time.
        
             | TuringNYC wrote:
             | >> Link? I'm skeptical. It seems more likely someone is
             | abusing the term "diamond", no?
             | 
             | The carat-cost curve is not linear, so it seems plausible.
             | As carats go down, there is a huge supply of diamonds,
             | especially those without beauty attributes (color, cut)
             | which can be used for non-jewelry purposes.
        
         | Glyptodon wrote:
         | I think large natural diamonds will exist as a market. Just
         | expect large real gems to become much less common for the non-
         | wealthy. And large gemstone jewelry to become more ubiquitous
         | with the increasing spread of lab gems. Definitely a trend
         | towards seeing more such gems paired with silver as the prices
         | have gone down.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | How big can you get?
         | 
         | Do they make olive sized ones (1-2 cm diameter)? How much would
         | such one cost?
        
         | Modified3019 wrote:
         | Yeah, these days when it comes to gems like diamond or
         | moissanite meant for high quality beauty, the actual cost is in
         | the time and skill it takes to properly cut one for optimal
         | optical properties.
         | 
         | Mind you most people won't be able to tell a difference unless
         | you put the $5 cut next to a $500 cut.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | When TFA talks about semiconductors it really only directly
       | compares it to silicon, when GaN is probably the nearest
       | competitor to diamond, both in cost and performance. I believe
       | diamond is "only" about 20x the cost of GaN; anyone know what the
       | economics would be for substituting diamond for GaN in e.g. HVDC?
        
       | Kaijo wrote:
       | This is true with some qualifications. If you're interested in
       | the kind of investment grade diamonds that a major auction house
       | would deal with, then you're looking at heavy weights and/or
       | fancy colors that synthetics can't reach yet. In the diamond
       | trade the word "paragon" is sometimes reserved for flawless or
       | near-flawless stones above 100 carats, of which there is a long
       | list of famous examples, but the largest gem grade synthetic is
       | still around 30 carats I believe. Vivid colors top out at much
       | lighter than that. I guess we'll be able to outdo nature within a
       | few decades though (as far as terrestrial diamonds go, anyway --
       | I seem to recall reading somewhere about the discovery of moon-
       | sized space diamonds).
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | A diamond the size of a moon? Does that mean it's a single
         | molecule of pure carbon the size of the moon? I wonder what
         | effects gravity has at that scale
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | I don't know about moon sized but there are solar systems out
           | there where carbon is more common than silicon. In such a
           | system if you had a terrestrial planet then you're likely get
           | diamonds instead of quartz being the most common mineral in
           | the crust. You also might possibly get diamonds in an
           | octagonal crystalline form which are theorized to be far
           | stronger than the diamonds we have here on Earth.
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | It's certainly polycrystalline rather than a giant single-
           | crystal. It would contain lots of every other element that's
           | soluble in it, to its limit of solubility, and whatever's
           | insoluble or over that limit would have to form different
           | mineral inclusions at grain boundaries.
        
           | elihu wrote:
           | The density of diamond is about 3.5 g/cm^3. The Earth's moon
           | has a density of around 3.3 g/cm^3, so if you replaced it
           | with a diamond of about the same size, it actually wouldn't
           | be all that different in terms of gravity. Solar eclipses
           | would be pretty wild though.
        
         | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
         | Vivid colors are a trivial engineering problem, and one the
         | Chinese have already cracked. Screenshot:
         | https://ibb.co/s6gWTy1
         | 
         | Prices are dropping like a rock from a high tower, and colors
         | and other options are becoming more available. Within 10 years
         | you'll be able to buy virtually any diamond you like, in any
         | common color, for less than a 2ct stone would have cost in
         | 2014.
         | 
         | Also, if you really like huge gems, you can buy a moissanite
         | today at 1000ct. Even on Amazon.com there are examples at
         | 100ct. https://www.amazon.com/Gemonite-15CT-100CT-Moissanite-
         | Colorl...
         | 
         | This would have been unthinkable 10 years ago. Things in the
         | diamond and gemstone business are changing _fast_.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Though if you are interested in investment grade diamods I'd
         | say it is time to get out - diamonds have never been as rare as
         | investors like to pretend, and things are going to get worse.
        
         | FactKnower69 wrote:
         | "Investment grade", hahaha! "Speculation grade" would be a much
         | less pathetic way to articulate this absurd concept
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | (Not related to the content of the article)
       | 
       | What a beautiful site.
       | 
       | The subtle pink background, the choice of font, the minimal
       | appearance (true to the spirit of being minimal, not just dead-
       | ass simple), the way images are woven through, the footnotes, ...
       | 
       | Excellent execution!
        
         | Noumenon72 wrote:
         | I didn't click through the headline, so until you called this
         | out I thought I was skipping a price chart from the AP or
         | something. I almost missed all that history and diagrams.
         | Thanks!
        
       | gruntledfangler wrote:
       | " Lab diamonds are a testament to the principle that what nature
       | can do, man is capable of doing better."
       | 
       | Profound hubris in an otherwise interesting article.
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | Would love to see us turn iron into gold as well as nature does
         | with supernovas.
        
           | para_parolu wrote:
           | I thought this is possible and theory is well known. It just
           | to expensive compared to mining
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | You can do that in an accelerator. It's not going to be cost-
           | effective for a long time, though.
           | 
           | Once we get to asteroid mining, we'll be able to get gold
           | cheaply enough to not care about it. On Earth, most of the
           | gold sank into the planet's core because it dissolves well in
           | molten iron. So the gold that we're mining comes mostly from
           | meteorites.
        
             | indoordin0saur wrote:
             | If you do the math on the theoretical maximum energy
             | efficiency of turning iron into gold we'll _never_ be able
             | to do it cost-effectively until energy becomes cheaper by
             | like 10 orders of magnitude. That 's why heavy metals all
             | come from the most energetic processes in the universe,
             | like supernovae and neutron star collisions :)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Doing "better" isn't so hard...when you get to pick the metric.
        
       | indoordin0saur wrote:
       | I'm planning on buying an engagement ring very soon and my own
       | plan (as someone who has never done this before!) is to get a
       | good lab grown diamond but spend more money on the metal in the
       | ring. You can make a gem stone in a lab but until we become a
       | Kardashev II civilization we won't be making any sufficient
       | quantity of gold in a lab. If I buy a good loose lab grown
       | diamond will I be able to find someone who will fit it into a
       | high quality gold ring?
        
         | DabbyDabberson wrote:
         | most people taking this strategy that I know use platinum
         | instead of gold. Most engagement rings only have ~~~$200 worth
         | of gold on them.
        
           | noname120 wrote:
           | Gold is more expensive than platinum.
        
             | andruby wrote:
             | Indeed, since 2016. Before 2016 platinum was worth more
             | than gold, even double for a brief period in 2008.
             | 
             | Now gold is worth 2.5x what platinum is worth.
             | 
             | https://www.macrotrends.net/2541/platinum-prices-vs-gold-
             | pri...
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | Do ring vendors put a higher markup on gold than platinum?
        
             | stoolio wrote:
             | The price of gold is through the roof. Gold is ~$2500 per
             | oz, while platinum is $950 per oz. However, most gold is
             | 14kt (58%) or 18kt (75%) while Platinum is 90%+. That, and
             | platinum is a heavier (technically denser is more correct?)
             | metal, so there is more platinum in an equivalent ring, and
             | it weighs more. The actual price on finished jewelry isn't
             | as big as you would think.
             | 
             | However, "retail" jewelry stores often price things using
             | what they call Keystone (2x markup) or even triple keystone
             | (3x). So, a $500 piece would sell for $1000-$1500.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Jewelry stores will also come up with endless nonsense to
               | justify high prices such as Platinum is so much harder to
               | work with, etc.
        
           | snark42 wrote:
           | Did you mean rhodium?
        
         | themaninthedark wrote:
         | If you could find an independent jeweler(as opposed to chain
         | jewelry store), I am sure they would.
        
         | Glyptodon wrote:
         | Lots of people are pretty into treating gems and rings as
         | separate goods, or want grandma's diamond in a new ring. So I
         | don't think getting them separately will be an issue. But I'd
         | definitely consider looking up shiny precious gems on Reddit -
         | for less money than a diamond you can really get some nicely
         | cut and much more interesting Sapphires.
        
         | andoando wrote:
         | Yes pretty much any jeweler will be able to custom make a ring
         | for you. I imagine its how the majority of engagement rings are
         | sold, theres way too much variability in the stone and
         | ring/setting people want for jewlers to only sell premade
         | rings.
         | 
         | Also theres not much to a high quality ring and not much for
         | you to spend money on there.
        
         | BrentOzar wrote:
         | > If I buy a good loose lab grown diamond will I be able to
         | find someone who will fit it into a high quality gold ring?
         | 
         | Yes, and even better, don't design the ring by yourself. Get a
         | nice jewelry box for the diamond, use it for the proposal, and
         | when you open the box, say:
         | 
         | "Our relationship is something we're going to build together. I
         | want your opinion on everything for the rest of my life,
         | because you're going to be my partner. I got the diamond, but
         | let's design the ring together, you and I, because this is too
         | important for me to do by myself. I need your help."
         | 
         | They'll melt, and the ring will mean even more.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > A perfectly cut, flawless lab diamond costs a fraction of the
       | price of a mined diamond of lesser quality.
       | 
       | When I shopped for an engagement ring in 2012, there was a clear
       | cohort of women who significantly valued a diamond from the
       | ground. Fortunately, my (now) wife and I saw through the
       | marketing gimmick, and laughed all the way to the bank.
        
       | slm_HN wrote:
       | "Synthetic diamonds are now purer, more beautiful, and vastly
       | cheaper than mined diamonds. Beating nature took decades of hard
       | graft and millions of pounds of pressure."
       | 
       | What does graft mean in this context? Is there a process where
       | you graft diamonds, like plants? Does it refer to the diamond
       | seed crystals mentioned in the article?
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | Hard graft is an idiom. It means hard work.
        
         | jrgoff wrote:
         | Seems to be UK slang meaning work/effort, see the third
         | definition listed here:
         | https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/graft
        
       | physicsguy wrote:
       | They're cheaper but they're not _cheap_ and that 's part of the
       | issue...
       | 
       | I remember looking at engagement rings about 5 years ago, my now
       | wife is quite environmentally conscious. At the time it was like
       | ~PS1200 for a diamond one and PS800 for a synthetic one.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | I looked a few years back after reading a bunch about how
         | synthetics were cheaper in discussions like this. I did not
         | find it to be notably true then. There was barely a discount
         | for synthetic at all, the places I checked.
         | 
         | Ended up with moissanite, which _was_ significantly cheaper
         | than diamond, but still not, like, _cheap_ if you care about it
         | looking as diamond-like as possible, though I probably could
         | have done as well with diamond buying "used" if I'd had the
         | patience for it and more knowledge to be more confident I
         | wasn't getting scammed.
        
         | timerol wrote:
         | 5 years has made a large difference in prices, as shown in this
         | graph quoted in TFA: https://www.paulzimnisky.com/Price-
         | Evolution-of-Lab-grown-Di...
         | 
         | Assuming you mean "late 2018" by "about 5 years ago" (because
         | that's where the graph has a 1.5:1 ratio), that $1200/$800
         | diamond was probably about 0.2 carat (obviously depends on the
         | other Cs), and would likely be around $1200/$300 today.
        
       | Zekio wrote:
       | This must be why Ruby 3D printer nozzles are getting below 100
       | bucks
        
       | littleweep wrote:
       | Tangentially related: Does anyone in the HN community have a
       | recommendation for a reputable place for obtaining a lab-grown
       | diamond for an engagement ring?
        
         | henry2023 wrote:
         | James Allen
        
         | kevinventullo wrote:
         | Brilliant Earth
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | That's a good article. The whole history is there.
       | 
       | The commercial side has made huge progress, too. Look up "diamond
       | making machine" on Alibaba. You can buy a high-pressure, high
       | temperature six sided press for about US$200,000. A chemical
       | vapor deposition machine is about the same price.
       | 
       | De Beers, the diamond cartel, has an R&D operation, Element Six.
       | They sell synthetic diamonds for lasers and other exotic
       | applications. The technology is good enough to achieve flaw
       | levels in the parts per billion range, and to make diamond
       | windows for lasers 10cm across.[1] This is way above jewelry
       | grade.
       | 
       | Over on the natural diamond side, there's been a breakthrough.
       | The industry used to break up some large diamonds during rock
       | crushing. Now there's a industrial X-ray system which is used to
       | examine rocks before crushing to find diamonds. It's working
       | quite well. A 2500 carat diamond was found recently.[1][2] TOMRA,
       | which makes high-volume sorters for everything from recyclables
       | to rice, has a sorter for this job. This is working so well that
       | there's now something of a glut of giant diamonds too big for
       | jewelry.
       | 
       | The finishing processes of cutting and polishing have been
       | automated. The machinery for that comes mostly from China and
       | India.
       | 
       | Diamonds are now something you can buy by the kilo, in plastic
       | bags.
       | 
       | [1] https://e6-prd-
       | cdn-01.azureedge.net/mediacontainer/medialibr...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/amandakooser/2024/08/23/monster...
       | 
       | [3]
       | https://ikcabstracts.com/index.php/ikc/article/download/4101...
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | This is certainly good news for lasers. Many people don't
         | realize how good diamonds are for this. Transparent with a 65%
         | higher refractive index than glass, and 8x the thermal
         | conductivity of copper. And completely scratch-proof!
        
           | Raydovsky wrote:
           | No deeper groves at 8?
        
           | biomcgary wrote:
           | Diamond eyeglasses? The lenses would still be cheaper than
           | the Luxottica frames.
        
             | Balgair wrote:
             | I know this is a bit of a throwaway comment, but I'd never
             | thought of diamonds for eyeglasses.
             | 
             | And, honestly, that would be really really cool.
             | 
             | Yeah, there are other materials with better refractive
             | indices and that are tougher and cheaper and dont shatter.
             | Sure.
             | 
             | But if we can get diamonds down to something that could be
             | made into lenses for the (very high end) retail market,
             | man, that would just be _so cool_!
        
               | LtdJorge wrote:
               | I'd rather use the diamonds to manufacture the laser
               | machines that do eye surgery and remove glasses lol
        
             | mathgeek wrote:
             | You probably don't want more conductive lenses, though.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | I am pretty sure, diamonds would make awful eyeglasses.
             | While their index of refraction is high, which makes
             | glasses thin, their chromatic dispersion is high. That is
             | the very thing which makes their glitter so colorful. For
             | good optical systems you want to try to reduce the
             | dispersion, to 0, if possible.
             | 
             | Another story is the scratch-resistance. For that it would
             | be sufficient to coat the surface of the lens with a thin
             | layer of diamond. Which is done in several applications.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Incredible, great info. We are now living in the Diamond Age.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | Well, not quite. They were making diamond windows from
           | atmospheric carbon dioxide at room temperature in household
           | machines or machines you could rent at the post office. We're
           | a ways off from that yet.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | Also the whole aerostat thing where you make a diamond
             | "balloon" full of vacuum that floats in air, using the
             | strength of the rigid diamond to avoid it being crushed and
             | popped.
             | 
             | I'm no materials-scientist, but I did some napkin-math on
             | that once and it came out to some ridiculously-thin-
             | sounding layer of diamond.
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | so I guess it needs to be like 1/4th the thickness of the
               | latex in a balloon (diamond is 4x the density). Vacuum
               | gives you a bit more lift than helium but not that much.
               | Yeah, seems pretty thin.
        
           | failuser wrote:
           | Not yet, not even diamond phone screens are here. And tax
           | evasion has not killed the nation-states yet.
        
           | fennecbutt wrote:
           | Where's my magic book then. And my atomic fabbers! Lemme 3d
           | print a phone.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | "You wouldn't download some RAM"
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | Magic book = iPad or Remarkable
             | 
             | Atomic fabber = chip fabs making things on ~10 atom scales
             | 
             | 3D printing homes is possible now, just a bit niche
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | How will they maintain their jewelry business ? It feels like
         | Sony CD-R drives in the Playstation era.
        
           | nimish wrote:
           | The same way vinyl still sells.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | Better to move into a new related business than to Kodak
           | yourself.
        
           | karunamurti wrote:
           | Do it like here in Japan. They charged you 3x-4x the gold
           | price and said "Oh it's not the gold price, but the
           | craftsmanship".
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >diamond windows for lasers 10cm across
         | 
         | sounds like may be soon we'll see diamond wafers for the chips
         | (especially as the price of processed wafer from a fab
         | increases, the cost of the source wafer itself is becoming less
         | important) Add to that X-ray lithography, and the Moore's Law
         | will continue for quite a while.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | Wired ran a great piece on the topic in 2003 ("The New Diamond
       | Age" | Issue 11.09 September 2003).
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/2003/09/diamond/
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20151031203903/https://www.wired...
       | 
       | https://archive.today/Dwa8o
        
       | istrice wrote:
       | I started looking into diamonds two years before I proposed to my
       | now wife and went really down the rabbit hole of the chemistry,
       | history, and marketing behind diamonds.
       | 
       | Lab-made was a no brainer, I got a flawless and huge stone for
       | the price I would have paid for a crappy 1ct from DeBeers. My
       | only regret is that whatever I paid for the diamond will still be
       | way over-market in a few years but well, had to get married at
       | some point. I guess I'll get her a golf-ball-sized diamond for
       | our 10th anniversary.
        
         | poisonborz wrote:
         | Why and how became diamonds a necessity of marriage in the US?
         | Did your fiance really expect a diamond, and would have she be
         | disappointed by something that has only worth to you?
        
           | JellyBeanThief wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5kWu1ifBGU has the high
           | level overview.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | It's all kind of arbitrary, some things catch on. Rings as
           | signs of commitment and everlasting love go as far back as
           | ancient Rome. Precious metals like gold for the actual ring
           | symbolize the same thing because they don't rust. And DaBeers
           | had the right messaging at the right time to popularize
           | diamond, a white stone that matches a wedding dress, is clean
           | and pure meshing well with Christianity in the US, and was
           | already mythologized as the hardest and unbreakable.
           | 
           | It's the same symbolism for why it's popular for guys'
           | wedding rings to be made out of super strong, super hard
           | metals.
           | 
           | People give DaBeers too much credit for what was an extremely
           | natural extension to the engagement ring. Advertising only
           | gets your foot in the door, it does have to be a reasonably
           | good idea for it to take on a life of its own.
        
           | dimgl wrote:
           | Women expect it. It's that simple.
        
         | sam_goody wrote:
         | I would think Moissanite is a no-brainer.
         | 
         | It has a much better shine, is cheaper, and (anecdotally, in my
         | circles), is just as cool.
         | 
         | Unless she wants a "real diamond", in which case lab-grown is
         | no good either.
        
       | mholt wrote:
       | Howard Tracy Hall's descendant is my sister-in-law. They have
       | lots of his stories in their family history, and she wrote a book
       | for children about the process of inventing his process for the
       | artificial diamond [0]. An uplifting and inspiring story that
       | simplifies things for a child to understand.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.amazon.com/Diamond-Boy-Creation-Diamonds-
       | Tracy/d...
        
       | mentalgear wrote:
       | Not even to mention much more ethical than the blood diamonds
       | that are artificially kept on "short supply".
        
       | failuser wrote:
       | But does it have enough suffering embedded to be a worthy
       | engagement gift?
        
       | ckemere wrote:
       | High end watches have had sapphire crystal faces for a while. Why
       | not diamond??
        
       | cortesoft wrote:
       | How do you determine that the diamonds are 'more beautiful'?
        
       | moab_desert1 wrote:
       | A friend recently mentioned an online jewelry retailer called
       | Frank Darling [1], which sells both natural and lab-grown
       | diamonds.
       | 
       | They have a pretty interesting business model: they're mostly
       | online, but also offer in-person appointments with a designer and
       | offer to 3D print pieces in resin before producing them.
       | 
       | [1] https://frankdarling.com/
        
       | danielodievich wrote:
       | Synthetic diamonds from "cremains" (ash from cremation) have been
       | a thing for a while. That ash is mostly carbon with other
       | elements. "Wear your grandma" is thankfully not a slogan. My
       | teenager children's recent answers to "would you want this" were
       | "ewww gross absolutely not".
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Approaching the end of De Beer's awful diamond scam is wonderful.
       | Too many injustices perpetuated in Africa, too many lies to
       | Americans about what matters in relationships. I'll never forget
       | a college acquaintance a decade ago who spent $10,000 on a ring
       | to woo his rich girlfriend. The engagement failed just a few
       | weeks later. Good riddance. Long live synthetic diamonds.
        
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