[HN Gopher] Asking the wrong questions (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Asking the wrong questions (2017)
        
       Author : adamc
       Score  : 178 points
       Date   : 2024-09-05 17:19 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ben-evans.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ben-evans.com)
        
       | adamc wrote:
       | Something I've been thinking about, and then I noticed this
       | essay.
        
         | smiley1437 wrote:
         | >Something I've been thinking about, and then I noticed this
         | essay.
         | 
         | Probably Baader-Meinhof
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_illusion
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | It's an interesting claim, but it appears to just baldly
           | assert that the frequency is an illusion. It sounds perfectly
           | plausible to me that something should start cropping up just
           | after you learn about it. For example I started thinking
           | about LLMs not so long ago and then I just started seeing
           | papers about them everywhere. Is that a frequency illusion,
           | or did I just learn about an interesting new technology at a
           | time when lots of people had things to say about it?
        
             | ordu wrote:
             | Well... I believe that the illusion is a real thing, but a
             | lot of people started talked about it also may be a real
             | thing, and they could happen at the same time. But there is
             | one more piece of the puzzle: probability to learn
             | something raises when people start talking about it. And
             | when it happens to someone there is one more person to talk
             | about it, so it is a chain reaction. So if you learned
             | something recently on Internet, and now you see people
             | talking about it everywhere, then it is probable that the
             | most of people talking are like you, who just learned about
             | the thing recently.
        
       | schoen wrote:
       | (2017)
       | 
       | "A Logic Named Joe" is a fascinating story, which has also been
       | discussed on HN occasionally.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | For reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Logic_Named_Joe
        
       | xmprt wrote:
       | With the increasing adoption of AI into people's workflows I
       | think this is something that's really important to be thinking
       | about. AI is a paradigm shifting technology whether you like it
       | or not.
        
         | isodev wrote:
         | Or is "AI" just a kind of a fax machine (from the post) which
         | Big Tech is trying to morph into something profitable (e.g.
         | loading it up with ads/commercial responses "optimised" just
         | for you)
        
           | jsemrau wrote:
           | The question is "What if AI is a platform like the smart
           | phone?" and then "What are the apps that make multi-billion
           | dollar businesses?".
        
             | camillomiller wrote:
             | What ifs are quite bad questions to predict anything. Also,
             | AI is not. A platform like the smartphone needs building
             | blocks and distribution systems for those apps. Whatever
             | you build with the current llm is not an app, is an
             | interface to a black box you have absolutely no control
             | over. A black box that, on top of that, people can access
             | directly with a chat interface. I don't think that's a
             | sustainable way to build a platform, nor it is a good idea
             | to build a business on top of such a liability that you
             | can't control in any possible way.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | >Whatever you build with the current llm is not an app,
               | is an interface to a black box you have absolutely no
               | control over. A black box that, on top of that, people
               | can access directly with a chat interface.
               | 
               | so that means there are no apps built on top of search?
               | 
               | An app in this context is something that allows you to do
               | something much quicker than trying to putter around and
               | figure out what prompt to use.
               | 
               | There are apps that are essentially interfaces with a few
               | frills on top.
               | 
               | However I do agree that based on the platform the apps
               | you get will not be multi million dollar apps, they will
               | be more like browser plugins. Low value propositions that
               | does not make you rich, but maybe does well enough that
               | you can spend your time on it.
        
             | john2x wrote:
             | LLMs are like the capacitive touchscreen that the iPhone
             | introduced. A novel way to interface with computers. It's
             | being hyped like it's the iPhone itself. But it's really
             | just one piece of it.
        
               | rf15 wrote:
               | It also feels kind of garbage at some major tasks we
               | actually want to use it for - just like typing text on a
               | capacitive touchscreen.
        
               | jsemrau wrote:
               | Maybe like the Pentium back in the day?
        
               | edent wrote:
               | Or they're like the 3D TV screen. Something revolutionary
               | and awesome which eventually fades into irrelevance.
        
               | isodev wrote:
               | LLMs don't feel like a transformative piece of tech. It's
               | more like the CD changer system you can install in the
               | trunk of your car - "oh yeah that's cool" but still CDs
               | and sometimes it would lock up.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | That's to be expected. We are not plugging anything to
               | it.
               | 
               | Try to do that with a capacitive screen.
        
             | jonas21 wrote:
             | Isn't this the sort of "wrong question" the author is
             | talking about? If you're stuck thinking in the frame of
             | smartphones, you're going to ask about apps and not the
             | more interesting ways AI can generate revenue?
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | > And yet, despite predicting half of our world, as a father in
       | the 1950s he could not imagine why his daughter - my mother -
       | wanted to work.
       | 
       | In fairness, typically people imagined a utopian future where
       | nobody worked. The strategic goal, never yet realised although AI
       | might finally manage it, is to push people out of the workforce
       | rather than in to it. Signing your daughter up to be a wage slave
       | may be an improvement on the 1950s it isn't really the sort of
       | thing that makes a good long term goal.
        
         | sorrybutno123 wrote:
         | Working is so much more than being a "wage slave".
         | 
         | Women had to work anyway, except that it was isolated, lonely
         | and without respect. Try to spend your (entire) existence
         | cooking, cleaning and looking after kids while having a good
         | set of brains. It will destroy your soul.
         | 
         | Being an educated "wage slave" is a massive improvement. Work
         | in any way shape or form cannot be avoided. Not because it is
         | physically necessary, but because of who and what we are.
        
           | renox wrote:
           | While I agree with the first part of your post, I disagree
           | with your second part, there are a few rich people who don't
           | need to work..
           | 
           | > Work in any way shape or form cannot be avoided. Not
           | because it is physically necessary, but because of who and
           | what we are
        
             | nurettin wrote:
             | > there are a few rich people who don't need to work
             | 
             | There are a huge number of land owners and trust fund kids
             | who will never have to work. Focusing on a tiny minority
             | does nobody any good.
        
           | astrobe_ wrote:
           | The actual problem is not "destroys your soul", but rather
           | the fact that women working for home have no financial
           | autonomy; they depended on their husband entirely. Divorce
           | was worse than losing your job.
           | 
           | "Nobody works" is a bit naive, indeed. "Nobody has to work,
           | but can if they want" is a bit more realistic, but I believe
           | a not-so-bad possible future is "nobody has to work, but you
           | have to compete with others to get the job you want".
           | Capitalism and workers would have to stop being 19th century
           | husband and wife, though.
           | 
           | This could be helped by the challenge ahead of us: managing
           | the stabilization of world population count. We've been
           | talking about the necessity to do that for years, just like
           | climate change - and just like climate change it will
           | eventually happen, inducing slow changes in our societies.
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | World population is rising, but most prosperous countries
             | have falling birth rates and are either shrinking, or
             | barely kept from shrinking by immigration.
             | 
             | This is a problem. It means many more people are born into
             | poverty and a life where they will barely scrape by, whilst
             | the people with any kind of access to effective production
             | get fewer, and spend more time taking care of dependents
             | than on improving the lives of others.
             | 
             | We don't just need to drop birth rates in poor countries
             | (by reducing child mortality, and increasing prosperity).
             | We also need to increase birth rates in the prosperous
             | countries.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | >In fairness, typically people imagined a utopian future where
         | nobody worked.
         | 
         | pretty much all Sci-Fi of that time imagined a future with
         | jobs, perhaps that was because the center of power had shifted
         | to the U.S, perhaps it was just because they did not imagine
         | Utopias or Dystopias that much, but rather just worlds with
         | some additional technical advancements and generally 1 big
         | problem/opportunity brought on by the advancement.
         | 
         | The earlier writers were more apt to imagine Utopias.
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | > perhaps that was because the center of power had shifted to
           | the U.S
           | 
           | How does that follow? For as long as we can remember or we
           | have written records for, we've had jobs. So it's natural to
           | assume that a million years in the future, if we still
           | inhabit roughly similar form as we do now, we'd have
           | something resembling jobs (for a multitude of reasons). What
           | does envisioning a future with jobs have to do with the US?
        
         | benedictevans wrote:
         | He didn't object to jobs. He objected to a woman having a job.
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | Partially related/"obligatory" xkcd: xkcd.com/1425 (Tasks).
       | 
       | (What appear to be) Hard problems can be very easy, and (what
       | appear to be) easy can be very hard.
        
         | rblatz wrote:
         | Now both are "easy"
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | He wants a glider. Not a problem. There are quite good hang
       | gliders. There are also plenty of trolleys around, although most
       | new ones use pantographs instead of trolley poles.
       | 
       | Very few saw a world dominated by giant advertising firms. Or
       | computing becoming a branch of advertising. Even in science
       | fiction. There was Fowler Schocken Associates, in _The Space
       | Merchants_ (1952). The company behind the simulated world in
       | Simulacron-3 (1964) builds it so they can do market testing and
       | opinion polls. As late as  "AI" (2001), the tie between search
       | and ads hadn't appeared. In "AI", the "Dr. Know" search service
       | is an expensive pay service.
        
         | Eisenstein wrote:
         | Philip K. Dick predicted it in Ubik.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | Great book, although I'm not sure 'predicted' is the right
           | word. By that logic 'Flow my tears the Policeman said' is a
           | prediction that by 1988 the US would have had a second civil
           | war.
           | 
           | 'Prescient', perhaps?
        
         | devjab wrote:
         | It's a little unrelated but I always thought it was odd that
         | people looked to things like science fiction for glimpses into
         | possible futures rather than into the more social and political
         | genres such as cyberpunk.
         | 
         | Because cyberpunk basically got everything right.
         | Unfortunately.
        
           | ericjmorey wrote:
           | What examples of getting everything right do you know of?
        
             | snozolli wrote:
             | Not GP, but _Cryptonomicon_ stands out as predicting a lot
             | about markets around cryptography, and the relationship
             | between nations and technology. Stephenson didn 't predict
             | Blockchain and Bitcoin specifically, but he got closer than
             | anyone I know of.
             | 
             | More generally, the Gibson style of "independent hackers
             | versus the corporate overlords" seems increasingly
             | accurate.
        
             | burningChrome wrote:
             | William Gibson - Neuromancer (1984)
             | 
             |  _Writing in F &SF in 2005, Charles de Lint noted that
             | while Gibson's technological extrapolations had proved
             | imperfect (in particular, his acknowledged failure to
             | anticipate the impact of the cell phone), "Imagining story,
             | the inner workings of his characters' minds, and the world
             | in which it all takes place are all more important."[18]_
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromancer#Literary_and_cult
             | u...
        
               | fbhb wrote:
               | Isn't that quote talking about something different? The
               | F&FS article is saying that "Gibson was never trying to
               | be prescient" and that this is irrelevant for writing a
               | good story: "he has always been more concerned with story
               | and character". I don't think that's wrong, but it still
               | doesn't answer the question what books did make accurate
               | predictions.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | Personally I started reading hard SF in the early 70s so it
           | was all I had then for glimpses of the future, and a lot of
           | near-future SF then was based around post-nuclear situations,
           | or robots, or similar, albeit with some superb exceptions
           | from authors such as Roger Zelazny, John Brunner and others.
           | 
           | Cyberpunk didn't really get consolidated as a genre until the
           | 1980s although dystopias had been written about before then.
           | It was in the 80s that the core cyberpunk themes of computer
           | hackers and evil corporations really came together in their
           | current dystopian form.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Not only from the cyberpunk movement, but also from history
           | and the classics! Societies should rethink formal education
           | entirely and focus on connecting the dots between different
           | sciences and activities.
           | 
           | I'll play the contrarian here regarding the article: it's
           | likely that many people did actually predict the future, but
           | they lacked the platform to broadcast their message.
        
         | dleeftink wrote:
         | Maybe not the exact workings of the modern ad industry, but I'd
         | say that as early as Metropolis and possibly some time before,
         | a feared future of mass production and consumption had entered
         | the public eye. It is fascinating though, how little (ad) space
         | advertising itself was warranted in fictional works till
         | relatively recent (late 70s/early 80s) -- Blade Runner made it
         | look as beautiful as it would be inescapable.
        
           | elric wrote:
           | By the time Alien came out, corporate evil was certainly well
           | established. Everything on the space ship had Weyland
           | branding, and the corporation treating its employees as
           | expendable was par for the course.
           | 
           | I'm struggling to come up with an older example of prominent
           | ads in sci fi, but I'm drawing a blank.
        
             | GJim wrote:
             | So what you are saying is... "even the most dystopian Sci-
             | Fi didn't predict modern Silicon Valley led advertising &
             | surveillance capitalism"!
        
               | elric wrote:
               | I guess we as a species (and sci-fi writers)
               | underestimate the banality of evil and its cumulative
               | effect. Nearly 25 years ago, I ran a couple of banner ads
               | on my website to help pay for the hosting costs. Back
               | then it didn't cross my mind that such a trivial bit of
               | HTML would eventually lead to surveillance capitalism. I
               | wonder if any sci-fi writers predicted where this
               | could/would lead...
        
             | dleeftink wrote:
             | "Tuesday is Soylent Green day.."
             | 
             | And not to forget how "colors of the real world only seem
             | really real when you viddy them on screen.."
        
         | qhwudbebd wrote:
         | "He wants a glider. Not a problem. There are quite good hang
         | gliders."
         | 
         | Off-topic I know, but 100% this. Modern hang-gliders are
         | amazing: easy to learn, unbelievable glide performance and
         | handling, cheap to buy and learn. The 'whoosh' of energy
         | retention as you pull in and push out has to be felt to be
         | believed.
         | 
         | The same goes for paragliders: their speed and glide makes a
         | mockery of my intuition as a ex-physicist and they fit in a
         | rucksack. I'm a rubbish pilot and I've still managed to fly
         | over a hundred kilometres on a paraglider.
        
         | langcss wrote:
         | Thats odd because I remember people saying "when will Google
         | start ads". Although probably thinking of the Yahoo style slow
         | loading mess.
        
           | antihipocrat wrote:
           | Or AOL, I remember breakfast TV hosts mentioning AOL keywords
           | a lot
        
         | avg_dev wrote:
         | > Or computing becoming a branch of advertising.
         | 
         | wow. such a succinct way of putting it. ugly too. and probably
         | at least mostly truthful.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | Plenty of computing happens without any advertising
           | whatsoever.
           | 
           | They just don't get noticed by the general public or mass
           | culture, this is practically a tautology.
        
       | onionisafruit wrote:
       | Everything else aside, I'm impressed his grandfather was born in
       | 1896. My most recent ancestor whose grandparent was born before
       | 1900 was my grandmother, and she died 25 years ago. Some families
       | have much longer generations than mine. I already knew we aren't
       | a hearty stock, but this difference seems ridiculous.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | My father (still alive) has a grandparent born in the 19th
         | century. I should go find out exactly when, thank you.
        
           | langcss wrote:
           | Im guessing paternal grandfather.
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | My parents were born in 1931 and 1932 and are both still
           | alive and well. One of their four parents was born in 1899.
           | All of their eight grandparents were born in the 19th
           | century.
        
         | croisillon wrote:
         | My grandfather was born in 1895, AMA ;)
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | It's not how long they live, for the most part, but how
         | early/late they have kids.
        
           | elric wrote:
           | Also depends on how old you are ... if you're 80, a
           | grandparent born in 1890 isn't particularly impressive.
        
         | incanus77 wrote:
         | I'm 47. My dad's mom, who I knew well, was born in 1910. Her
         | father was born in 1857, before the Civil War. I always thought
         | the span on that side was fascinating.
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | My grandmother was born in 1901 and passed away in 1995. It was
         | an amazing span of years to be alive, in terms of progress.
         | 
         | She saw computers go from room-size to PCs. She saw the birth
         | of aviation and people walk on the moon. She saw
         | electrification and indoor plumbing. She saw cars go from rare
         | toys for the super rich to commonplace.
        
           | dh2022 wrote:
           | Not to mention old enough to witness two world wars and the
           | Cold War. I wonder what could we have learned from her about
           | how human nature flows from one conflict to another...
        
             | drewg123 wrote:
             | She was remarkably untouched by the world wars, as she
             | lived her entire life in the USA, and my grandfather was in
             | college and was not drafted into WW1, and was too old for
             | WWII (Nor did she have any sons).
             | 
             | In fact, WWII was probably a positive for her. She worked
             | as a "Rosie the Riviter" building P40 at the Curtiss plant
             | in Buffalo, NY.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It easily happens when two generations in sequence father a
         | child in their 40s. That happens more frequently than you'd
         | think.
        
       | bruce511 wrote:
       | Just yesterday I had a "what's coming" discussion with a couple
       | older (non technical) folk. They thought flying cars and fusion
       | power were coming soon.
       | 
       | I contrasted saying that the energy equation for flying cars
       | doesn't work, not to mention the penalty for mechanical failure.
       | (I mentioned helicopters, they mentioned autonomous drones.)
       | 
       | Fusion power is famously "10 years away" but I maintain its
       | simply too capital intensive. If I have 10 billion to invest do I
       | want to make a stunningly complicated fusion power plant, (which
       | will produce power 10 years after the project starts) or do I
       | just buy a bunch of desert, a mountain of solar panels and enough
       | wire to connect it to the grid? Staffed by some cleaners and
       | electricians. Where the worst that can happen is it goes offline.
       | With no moving parts, no sun-like pressures or temperatures.
       | 
       | And yet back in the 50s "free" energy and flying cars were
       | "imminent".
        
       | creativenolo wrote:
       | The lenses that we view the questions also change. In the 1950s,
       | people likely imagined that by the 2020s, roads would be rebuilt
       | with technologies like magnets or rails to support self-driving
       | cars. But they didn't anticipate the inertia in infrastructure
       | development. Our roads remain largely the same, and this
       | stagnation is what we need to band aid with for autonomous
       | vehicles today.
        
         | mhog_hn wrote:
         | Imagine dedicated single lane highways between major cities
         | across the world only accessible to self-driving vehicles
        
           | chrislo wrote:
           | Trains?
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | Trains where train cars separate for better last mile
             | logistics.
        
               | igornadj wrote:
               | Like the channel tunnel train?
        
             | langcss wrote:
             | Trains... but they end up at your house.
        
               | OtomotO wrote:
               | I don't want my house to be at the end of a highway ;-)
        
               | elric wrote:
               | Those are calles "buses". Though trams can be even
               | better.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | They're not. You still have to go to and from the bus
               | stop, and on the bus's schedule rather than yours.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | With sufficiently dense urbanisation, and dedicated
               | transit rights of way (heavy rail, light rail, trolley
               | busses, trams, ...), the "getting to and from the bus
               | stop" and "on the busses schedule" problems both
               | disappear. The bus stop is nearer than your car park
               | would be, and the schedule operates with headways of 1--8
               | minutes such that waits are minimal.
               | 
               | With dedicated rights of way, transit doesn't compete
               | with private or delivery vehicles for road space. Further
               | enhancements give priority signalling to transit
               | vehicles.
               | 
               | Sufficient density also means that services and functions
               | are located nearby: school (for the kids), shopping,
               | entertainment, healthcare, government services, and
               | employment (assuming you still need to go to an office or
               | similar space).
        
               | frogpelt wrote:
               | You've given me an idea: tiny houses that move on
               | rails... the trains are the houses!
        
           | RealStickman_ wrote:
           | Yeah, but then imagine if we took all these separate vehicles
           | and stuck them together to increase efficiency. And now we
           | could regularly send such vehicle groups, making travel
           | predictable for everyone.
           | 
           | Wait...
        
             | throwaway290 wrote:
             | But that means the government controls my movement! Oh no!
             | 
             | (It totally doesn't control it via the network of public
             | roads... /s)
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | It's a bit like some people were complaining about the
               | "Covid dictatorship" at the time. Apparently seeing only
               | what's right in front of their noses, not all the other
               | government actions and policies that are on a spectrum
               | from less to more important than Covid policies and which
               | happen for worse to better reasons as well. At least
               | that's how I think one "notices" a sudden dictatorship of
               | democratically elected parties.
        
           | hug wrote:
           | I find the kind of responses you're getting wildly ironic,
           | given the article.
        
           | two_handfuls wrote:
           | People are joking about how this is trains or busses, but I
           | think you hit on something fundamental:
           | 
           | - engine tech is now such that we no longer need one huge
           | engine and lots of passenger to get good efficiency: many
           | small engines works just as well.
           | 
           | - removing the need for everyone to stop where any one person
           | needs to go ("bus stop") improves the experience drastically.
           | 
           | - the one remaining problem is density: cars would have to
           | shrink a lot before they can reach the density of busses or
           | trains.
           | 
           | So perhaps: a single-lane highway only accessible to self-
           | driving vehicles driving in formation and where the vehicles
           | must be below some specified size.
           | 
           | This gives us great last-mile experience, high throughput,
           | and good safety.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | How will these very shrunken cars be survivable in a crash
             | at highway speeds?
             | 
             | Plus modern crossovers are already very size efficient, A
             | 2024 compact crossover like the Rav4 is pretty much already
             | the smallest possible space that can comfortably
             | accommodate 4 adult men in seated positions and 4 large
             | suitcases.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > But they didn't anticipate the inertia in infrastructure
         | development
         | 
         | On a related note, I think one reason that SF was so uniformly
         | positive about space flight was that if you were writing in the
         | 60s and 70s you would have been looking at almost a century of
         | dramatic improvements in travel including steam trains,
         | submarines, cars, prop planes, jets, and then rockets to the
         | moon. With space shuttles and similar on the drawing board.
         | People just assumed this would continue.
         | 
         | What very few SF writers understood was that all of these
         | exploited chemical energy which is very limited in terms of how
         | much can be lifted out of the Earth's gravity well and how fast
         | you can go once you are up there. Many SF authors arm-waved
         | atomics or nuclear propulsion but these, in the real world,
         | never took off, as it were. Not in any mass transit to the
         | stars sense, at least.
         | 
         | Edit: In reality space travel hit a hard brick wall due to the
         | laws of physics. Most other forms of travel have experienced
         | massive incremental improvements in reliability, efficiency,
         | affordability, etc, but very few cars and and planes and ships
         | actually now go much faster than they did 50 years ago.
        
           | gmfawcett wrote:
           | > What very few SF writers understood
           | 
           | "Understood?" They were writing fiction, not instruction
           | manuals.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | Well yes, of course, but I was trying to point out one of
             | the reasons for their blind-spots with such predictions. Of
             | course, some hard-SF authors (e.g. Arthur C Clarke) _did_
             | try to make their stories technically plausible, which
             | gives to some superb anachronisms nowadays, e.g. the
             | classic combination of rocket ships whose crew used slide
             | rules for astronavigation.
        
               | Sakos wrote:
               | Science fiction that took place in space weren't
               | necessarily predictions. They were imagining what life in
               | space could be like, whether human or not. I don't see
               | how any of us would benefit if every SF author had
               | "realized" that it was unfeasible and just wrote about
               | earth. There was no blind spot, just it did nobody any
               | good to hamper themselves by things like "well, it'll
               | never happen, no point in imagining it". Fiction would be
               | boring if we always only limited ourselves to being
               | completely realistic and true to our current state of
               | knowledge.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | They were writing _science_ fiction. Not all of it has to
             | be realistic, but presumably there's at least attempt to
             | ground things in what would be recognizable to readers as
             | science.
        
         | heisenbit wrote:
         | > Our roads remain largely the same
         | 
         | Sure? Just maintaining them close to their original quality
         | seems to be a challenge at times. Bridges that are close to
         | coming down are another related issue.
        
         | aucisson_masque wrote:
         | People in the 1950 has just gone through around a bit more of
         | century of industrial revolution. Things were moving fast,
         | everywhere..
         | 
         | Infrastructure like roads were massively built or improved
         | during this timeframe.
         | 
         | Nowadays things are moving fast in technology and some other
         | sector but it's far from being the case for instance with car.
         | They are basically the same 4 wheel petrol engine that we had
         | 80 years ago.
         | 
         | I think its normal back then to guess that everything was going
         | to keep evolving just as fast as it did. They had no way to
         | know that the industrial revolution was ending.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Missing 2017 in the title.
        
       | tossandthrow wrote:
       | > And yet, despite predicting half of our world, as a father in
       | the 1950s he could not imagine why his daughter - my mother -
       | wanted to work.
       | 
       | As written out, it is suggested that it is a lack of imagination.
       | 
       | I think a better narrative is just that it is work, and who would
       | vulontarily have to work if they don't have to.
       | 
       | This is the more compassionate narrative.
        
         | passion__desire wrote:
         | I have a Young Adult fiction example supporting this which I
         | read 14 years ago.
         | 
         | J.K. Rowling has Hermione going to forbidden library to read
         | dangerous books. But J.K. Rowling couldn't think of searching
         | books like Google search does. On the other hand, J.K. Rowling
         | could think of time turner i.e. a time travel device.
         | Considering physical laws, time travel is impossible but google
         | search is possible. Still JKR couldn't think of google search.
        
           | Jordan_Pelt wrote:
           | I don't know. That's kind of like saying J.K. Rowling
           | couldn't think of just shooting the bad guys with guns.
        
             | passion__desire wrote:
             | It is said most of the premises of modern movies and
             | television would dissolve if people just resolved their
             | misunderstandings by a phone call.
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | Also, plenty of women worked. In 1950, women were 32% of the
         | work force (in the US), earned 60% of what men earned and had
         | little room for advancement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wome
         | n_in_the_United_States_lab...). So either his grandfather was
         | simply completely unaware of how many women actually held jobs
         | even then or he wondered why they'd want to work the same
         | terrible jobs men do, because they certainly didn't do it for
         | fun.
        
       | shahzaibmushtaq wrote:
       | The author is asking the wrong questions by judging what was
       | present 53 years ago and giving unkind subjective opinions about
       | experts with limited knowledge of the time because their
       | predictions were also true.
       | 
       | Today's expert can't be 100% correct if someone from 2017, 53
       | years in the future says they are asking the wrong questions.
       | 
       | The world is changing very fast in modern times.
        
       | makeitdouble wrote:
       | This could also be just asking the wrong people.
       | 
       | The predictions we have left are from industry expert or pretty
       | successful people. Fundamentally they fit well in their current
       | world and aren't envisioning social or technical shifts that will
       | completely change the world as they know it.
       | 
       | This is most apparent in the telephone and international fax
       | part, where they see the future of networking through telephone,
       | and not some other technology making it obsolete. We'd have had a
       | different prediction asking AM amateurs how they see the world of
       | telephone communication in 50~100 years (might not have been
       | correct either, but would have been different)
        
       | urbandw311er wrote:
       | I do wish the writer would stop justifying the relevance of their
       | experiment by saying "a human would conclude that their time was
       | being wasted long before the LLM".
       | 
       | This is a fallacy.
       | 
       | A better analogy would be a human who has been forced to answer a
       | series of questions at gunpoint.
       | 
       | At this point it becomes more obvious that the LLM is not
       | "falling short" in some way.
        
         | nyanpasu64 wrote:
         | reply to wrong post?
        
           | urbandw311er wrote:
           | Thank you! It was.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | We're obsessed with flying cars, and hang gliders, and drones,
       | and space travel, because gravity sucks.
       | 
       | I often daydream about what life would be like if we could just
       | regulate gravity at will, just at the individual level, so we can
       | modulate our own weight, up to 0 -- or even negative.
        
         | smiley1437 wrote:
         | > modulate our own weight, up to 0 -- or even negative.
         | 
         | Wolff's law suggests that if you set your own weight to zero or
         | negative, your bones would become fragile
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolff%27s_law
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Only if you do it long term. Astronauts survive months of
           | microgravity. A couple hours or even days would be easy to
           | compensate for.
        
       | Jordan_Pelt wrote:
       | >and computerised taxation (except in the USA).
       | 
       | I don't understand this. Does he not think the IRS uses
       | computers?
        
         | benedictevans wrote:
         | Americans generally still have to compile and file tax returns.
         | In other countries that is often entirely automated.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Their primary user interface is the paper form. Finally being
         | rectified in 2024, forty+ years after same country invented the
         | internet and thirty+ after the web.
         | 
         | No, potentially malicious, rent-seeking "e-file" third-parties
         | aren't good enough.
        
       | lazyant wrote:
       | "plenty of people have pointed out that vintage scifi is full of
       | rocketships but all the pilots are men. 1950s scifi shows 1950s
       | society, but with robots. Meanwhile, the interstellar liners have
       | paper tickets, that you queue up to buy. With fundamental
       | technology change, we don't so much get our predictions wrong as
       | make predictions about the wrong things. (And, of course, we now
       | have neither trolleys nor personal gliders.) "
       | 
       | Yes, Asimov's Foundation has people smoking, reading physical
       | newspapers and using physical money, lining up for customs when
       | arriving to Trantor. No women until later on in the series (in
       | his defense, he may have not talked to many women at the age he
       | wrote the first novels).
       | 
       | There was movable sidewalks and other transportation devices
       | though.
        
         | snozolli wrote:
         | _Yes, Asimov 's Foundation has people smoking, reading physical
         | newspapers and using physical money, lining up for customs when
         | arriving to Trantor. No women until later on in the series (in
         | his defense, he may have not talked to many women at the age he
         | wrote the first novels)._
         | 
         | The stories also have to be marketable to contemporary
         | audiences. There may have been brilliant sci-fi at the time
         | about strong, health-minded female protagonists, but I doubt it
         | would have risen to popularity in 1950s society, and thus would
         | have been forgotten.
         | 
         | You can see the effects today with some of the backlash against
         | certain Disney IP.
         | 
         | I don't think sci-fi is a good predictor because of both the
         | author's bias and society's (i.e. the The Market's) bias
         | against topics that upset it.
        
           | ghodith wrote:
           | A similar point can be made for the physical newspaper
           | aspect; not every author is trying to impart accelerando-
           | esque future shock on their readers. And presumably there
           | isn't infinite market demand for that either. All different
           | aspects of selection bias.
        
       | bilater wrote:
       | I think this is an important lens to look through especially
       | about predictions of AI. It is likely we will have downstream
       | effects/platforms/interfaces that most of us can't even think
       | about right now.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | Science fiction (novels, short stories, or by the 1950s films,
       | and 1960s telvision) doesn't have a primary goal of _predicting
       | the future_ but rather of _selling entertainment_. To the extent
       | it _is_ speculative, it 's almost always discussing contemporary
       | circumstances sufficiently distant setting (in time and space) to
       | be able to comment on it in a way which both minimises social
       | censure and reaction _and_ gives a potential for a fresh
       | perspective (in the best cases). Of course, much of it is simply,
       | or at least largely, escapist space opera  / space westerns (Buck
       | Rogers, Star Wars, Battlestar Galactica (original series). And
       | yes, some of the escapist content does have real science or
       | predictive value.
       | 
       | But _in balance_ it 's an exceedingly poor prospecting ground for
       | hard-nosed, realistic, and/or accurate predictions. For much the
       | same reason that most space ships are laid our horizontally, with
       | gravity working on the frontal rather than coronal plane is that
       | _sets built on Earth are far more easily built and filmed that
       | way_ , SF addresses its creations, narrative, and audience-appeal
       | needs over any putative scientific or prophetic accuracy.
       | 
       | And sure, there are notable counterexamples.
       | 
       | E.M. Forster's _The Machine Stops_ is _frighteningly_ accurate in
       | a world much like that of the 2010s  / 2020s.
       | 
       | Arthur C. Clark _in some works_ hits on some remarkably accurate
       | depictions of at least _parts_ of a future world. _Imperial
       | Earth_ envisions both handheld computers _and_ a culture obsessed
       | with recording every passing moment in a way that 's _nearly_
       | selfie-culture (though he seems to have missed influencers).
       | _2001: A Space Odyssey_ predicts tablet computers and video
       | telephony with reasonable accuracy (though all but completely
       | ignores their social implications).
       | 
       | Orson Scott Card's _Ender 's Game_ presages blogging to some
       | degree (though generally overstating its influence, as Randall
       | Munroe spoofed: <https://www.xkcd.com/635/>).
       | 
       | And there's a whole slew of _dystopian_ SF which has materialised
       | in some form or another, from Ray Bradbury ( "The Veldt"), Philip
       | K. Dick (too many to mention), William Gibson, Neal Stephenson,
       | etc., etc., etc. I and others suspect that's to some extent less
       | prophetic than direct stimulus, with contemporary techbros aping
       | their favourite adolescent sci-fi universes without asking "are
       | we the baddies?" or whether they should.
       | 
       | But if you want hard predictions about the future, it's probably
       | better to look to the literature which specifically and seriously
       | attempts to do this, _outside_ of a fictional context.
       | 
       | One such book is Alvin Toffler's _Future Shock_ , now 54 years
       | old.[1]
       | 
       | I'd read that, for the first time, on its 50th anniversary. I was
       | struck by much, and found it _on balance_ to have stood the test
       | of time quite well, and _much_ better than is typical for the
       | genre. As to accuracy, there seem to be three general cases:
       | 
       | - Specific proponents of specific technologies virtually always
       | overestimated the acceptance and impact of those technologies.
       | The notable exception is, of course, information technology,
       | though even for it the specific ways in which it has and hasn't
       | advanced is worth close study.
       | 
       | - Virtually all of the social dynamic predictions seem laughably
       | modest today --- developments in racial, gender, and sexual
       | equality and acceptance, amongst others. Though on reflection
       | this isn't so much that the predictions were bold, _but that they
       | 've come to pass_. We are on the far side of the singularity for
       | these changes, for the most part. What was written in the context
       | of a world in which these changes lay in the future reads much
       | differently now that the inflection points are in the past. At
       | the same time, it's also clear that such changes need not be
       | permanent, and that perhaps such dynamics tend more towards
       | cyclical patterns or pendulum swings, with greater and lesser
       | liberalisation at different points in time.
       | 
       | - Much of the psychological and sociological concerns over
       | advancing technology, faster paces of change, and an ever-growing
       | onslaught of information seem to me to have been extraordinarily
       | prescient, and largely born out. The _disruptive_ effects, both
       | on a personal psychological level and on a collective
       | sociological one, appear to be profound, and we 're still in the
       | midst of discovering just how much so.
       | 
       | In thinking about how technological change manifests, I've come
       | up with an ontology of the _types_ of technological mechanisms
       | which operate: fuels, materials, information (receipt,
       | processing, storage, transmission), networks, systems, process
       | knowledge, causal knowledge, power transmission and
       | transformation, and hygiene (dealing with unintended
       | consequences).[2]
       | 
       | Much of the Industrial Revolution (~1800 -- 1950 or so) was
       | fundamentally grounded in new fuels (coal, petroleum, natural
       | gas) and power transmission and transformation (particularly
       | electricity and magnetism), with strong secondary effects through
       | improved and expanded materials (Bessemer steel, aluminium,
       | plastics), communications (telegraph, telephone, radio,
       | television) and recording (rapid print advancements, photography,
       | phonography, film). Since 1950, it's been information technology
       | which seems to have been in the forefront, making some profound
       | advances (overall processing and storage capacities) whilst
       | remaining stubbornly stagnant in others (forecasting, meaningful
       | automation and controls). Networks and systems have been primary
       | secondary effects.
       | 
       | Hygiene is the ninth factor I'd come upon, and falls out of the
       | recognition that all technologies have both _intended_ and
       | _unintended_ effects. As technologies increase in complexity, I
       | strongly suspect the latter dominate, exacting something of a
       | drag on overall progress.
       | 
       | The element that's missing from my typology is the interaction
       | between technology and society as a whole. I don't have much to
       | say on that at the moment, though I feel it's quite significant.
       | I'm noting that lapse for the moment.
       | 
       | ________________________________
       | 
       | Notes:
       | 
       | 1. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Shock>
       | <https://archive.org/details/isbn_0553132644>
       | 
       | 2. I've written on this a few times at HN and elsewhere,
       | searching Algolia for "tech ontology" or "technological ontology"
       | should turn up some references. I'm increasingly feeling that the
       | idea probably needs a book-length treatment discussing each
       | mechanism, how it applies (some of the mappings I make may strike
       | some as obscure, e.g., that knowledge is in some ways a network
       | function, as expressed in the phrase "web of knowledge"), and
       | what the capacities and limitations of each mechanism are.
        
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