[HN Gopher] The Internet Archive has lost its appeal in Hachette...
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       The Internet Archive has lost its appeal in Hachette vs. Internet
       Archive
        
       Author : Signez
       Score  : 116 points
       Date   : 2024-09-04 16:41 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (storage.courtlistener.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (storage.courtlistener.com)
        
       | ranger_danger wrote:
       | >Four major book publishers again thwarted the online
       | repository's defense that its one-to-one lending practices
       | mirrored those of traditional libraries
       | 
       | How does it not? I don't get it... why are physical libraries in
       | the clear if it's still a 1:1 borrow?
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | Seems like most of this hinges of precedent. The courts have
         | upheld that if you buy a book and loan out an audio recording
         | of that book, it's not protected. Or something like that.
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | Traditional libraries lend out the physical copies they bought.
         | For ebooks, they have an agreement with publisher to lend out a
         | certain number of copies.
         | 
         | Owners are allowed to make digital copies for personal and
         | archival use. They aren't allowed to transfer copies. The
         | rights of digital ebook are in the license and most prohibit
         | transfers. The rights of physical book are attached to the
         | book.
         | 
         | Nobody notices or cares when done on personal scale. But
         | publishers care when Internet Archive did it on large scale.
        
           | majorchord wrote:
           | As far as I know, IA owns the physical books they scanned, so
           | why shouldn't they be allowed to lend them out 1-to-1
           | digitally the same as a physical library?
        
             | uxp100 wrote:
             | I thought the person you were responding too was saying
             | that isn't what physical libraries do.
             | 
             | Also, as far as I know that isn't what physical libraries
             | do. They buy licenses to share e-books. And don't
             | physically scan anything.
        
               | majorchord wrote:
               | I meant that digitally lending the books out that IA owns
               | 1-to-1 in the same way a real library lends out physical
               | books should legally be treated the same, regardless of
               | any ebook-specific licensing.
        
               | choo-t wrote:
               | There was a ruling in Europe (UFC against Valve [1])
               | citing that, as neither e-book nor video-game deteriorate
               | with use, the customer doesn't have a right to sell it on
               | the second hand market as it would affect the copyright
               | holder interest :
               | 
               | > To entrench its position, the CJEU first mentioned that
               | dematerialized digital copies, unlike books on a material
               | medium, do not deteriorate with use and are perfect
               | substitutes for new copies.
               | 
               | > Furthermore, the CJEU added to its reasoning that
               | exchanging such copies requires neither additional effort
               | nor additional cost. A parallel second-hand market would
               | likely affect the interest of the copyright holder -
               | contrary to the objective of the directive and the
               | intention of the EU legislator.
               | 
               | 1 : https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=77bb25
               | 01-995c...
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | As I understand it, as soon as the IA makes the digital
               | copy they want to lend (digitally or physically), they
               | now have two copies of the book and have committed
               | copyright infringement. As soon as they lend a copy,
               | there are now three copies in existence (unless they
               | delete their copy as part of the loan) which is another
               | count of infringement.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | If they had a system where every page of the original was
               | burned as it was scanned, and when you "checked out" a
               | book it literally deleted the original on the server as
               | it was sending it and the person returning the book also
               | transferred the bytes back it would be quite a show.
               | 
               | I'm about 95% sure a scheme like that would still find
               | them shut down. Remember the Aereo decision? They went
               | through similar contortions, including building an
               | antenna farm with thousands of tiny individual antennas,
               | and were immediately killed off by the courts because it
               | was seen as a legal hack. Such a scheme might threaten
               | cable TV income if it were allowed to stand. Protecting
               | incumbents from competition is a vital role of the
               | courts.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | Owning the physical book lets libraries lend out the
               | physical books. Libraries can't lend out digital copies
               | of physical books. They lend out digital copies that they
               | have purchased.
               | 
               | Owning object is different that copyright. Copyright
               | owner is only one that can license making copies. Owning
               | a book gives no rights to make copies, with the exception
               | of making personal copies.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | It wouldn't matter if they scanned the books. As soon as
               | it enters the digital realm the laws change. Doing it "on
               | a computer" means the publisher owns the rights.
        
             | ndiddy wrote:
             | The decision covers that point:
             | 
             | "IA maintains that it delivers each Work "only to one
             | already entitled to view [it]"--i.e., the one person who
             | would be entitled to check out the physical copy of each
             | Work. But this characterization confuses IA's practices
             | with traditional library lending of print books. IA does
             | not perform the traditional functions of a library; it
             | prepares derivatives of Publishers' Works and delivers
             | those derivatives to its users in full. That Section 108
             | allows libraries to make a small number of copies for
             | preservation and replacement purposes does not mean that IA
             | can prepare and distribute derivative works en masse and
             | assert that it is simply performing the traditional
             | functions of a library. 17 U.S.C. SS 108; see also, e.g.,
             | ReDigi, 910 F.3d at 658 ("We are not free to disregard the
             | terms of the statute merely because the entity performing
             | an unauthorized reproduction makes efforts to nullify its
             | consequences by the counterbalancing destruction of the
             | preexisting phonorecords.")."
             | 
             | This is really an issue that has to be fixed legislatively
             | rather than in the courts.
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | In short, it sounds like the answer to the "why" question
               | at the top of this thread
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41447904) is: the
               | scan is a derivative and copyright law lets you lend
               | books, not derivative works thereof
               | 
               | Which seems like a nitpicky distinction to me when it's
               | the same words on the same page and they're not shown to
               | anyone else at the same time... but such is a judge's job
               | as opposed to a legislator
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | No, because digital works aren't "sold", they're licensed.
             | Even if the IA did the scanning themselves, the laws are
             | written such that a scan isn't like a physical object. You
             | can only own a revokeable license to view it and aren't
             | allowed to do anything else. No transformative works. No
             | transfer of the works. No fair use.
             | 
             | This is why local libraries are getting bled by their
             | e-book subscriptions. They end up paying through the nose
             | for people to check out e-books.
        
         | skyyler wrote:
         | Can you imagine, if public libraries weren't already a thing,
         | convincing some Americans to build one in 2024?
        
           | leotravis10 wrote:
           | Nope. Surely the copyright holders won't allow a library to
           | be created today.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | Once upon a time (when libraries were born), the community
             | (actually the State) ruled over the lobbies.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | The First Sale doctrine long precedes public libraries.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | Because when the rules for electronic delivery were being
         | written in congress and later legislated in the courts the
         | publishers make damn sure to close the "library loophole" and
         | that pesky "doctrine of first sale". The public didn't really
         | have a seat at the table so the laws were written with a heavy
         | deference towards the interests of the publishers. There wasn't
         | a partisan divide either, lawmakers came together to perfect
         | harmony to allow publishers to bend the public over and take
         | them without lube. If you are a congressman the last people you
         | want to anger are the ones who own the newspapers and TV
         | stations.
        
       | Devasta wrote:
       | Awful news.
       | 
       | Seems like this is the publishers planned approach going forward,
       | nonstop lawsuits to henpeck the IA to death.
        
         | leotravis10 wrote:
         | Yep. Not just publishers, almost every copyright holder.
         | 
         | From five months ago, still relevant:
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/1bswhdj/if_the...
         | 
         | Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39908676
        
         | hexage1814 wrote:
         | Why not going the sci hub route?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | I don't think this took much henpecking. IA basically didn't
         | have a case, took it to federal court, appealed it, and won
         | themselves the following 2nd Circuit precedent:
         | 
         |  _" [I]s it "fair use" for a nonprofit organization to scan
         | copyright-protected print books in their entirety and
         | distribute those digital copies online, in full, for free,
         | subject to a one-to-one owned-to-loaned ratio between its print
         | copies and the digital copies it makes available at any given
         | time, all without authorization from the copyright-holding
         | publishers or authors? Applying the relevant provisions of the
         | Copyright Act as well as binding Supreme Court and Second
         | Circuit precedent, we conclude the answer is no"_
         | 
         | This may be a broad setback to all controlled digital lending.
         | As the saying goes, "play stupid games...".
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | >This may be a broad setback to all controlled digital
           | lending. As the saying goes, "play stupid games...".
           | 
           | When I made this criticism before of IA, I was told that that
           | was ridiculous since the publishers had it out for IA before
           | the COVID-19 emergency library. That may or may not have been
           | true, but the publishers did not sue IA despite OpenLibrary
           | existing for years before COVID-19. Publishers didn't pull
           | the trigger because they were afraid of losing. It was a MAD
           | situation, and IA unnecessarily triggered a nuclear war that
           | they lost.
        
       | warmcompress wrote:
       | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca2.609...
       | 
       | On one hand: the court opinion. On the other, a breaking news
       | tweet from Publisher's Weekly with hundreds of tedious low effort
       | takes ready to melt precious brain cells. Please read the
       | opinion.
        
         | realityfactchex wrote:
         | Reading and understanding the opinion is the way for this one,
         | for a simple reason as I understand it. The judges get to
         | basically make up an opinion about the matter, which could be
         | anything. And they can support basically any opinion using
         | whatever they want, and it can be made to sound ok.
         | 
         | The whole point is that the judges are forming a judgement.
         | It's, like, their opinion on the matter. The judges don't have
         | to find out mathematically what the law says. They're making
         | (case) law, by making an opinion, based on how they feel about
         | it all, trying to be well-informed on the matter and its
         | background, but really just putting down their feeling on it.
         | Here's the most essential thing they wrote IMO:
         | 
         | From Page 2: """Is it "fair use" for a nonprofit organization
         | to scan copyright-protected print books in their entirety, and
         | distribute those digital copies online, in full, for free,
         | subject to a one-to-one owned-to-loaned ratio between its print
         | copies and the digital copies it makes available at any given
         | time, all without authorization from the copyright-holding
         | publishers or authors? Applying the relevant provisions of the
         | Copyright Act as well as binding Supreme Court and Second
         | Circuit precedent, we conclude the answer is no."""
         | 
         | They justify it in a series of points. We can disagree with the
         | points all we want, like whether or not it is transformative,
         | or commercial, or all the other things. But at the end of the
         | day, these judges said, nah, we're going to say that we don't
         | think this is fair.
         | 
         | I mean, I can see their point. But this would have been a
         | chance for them to see the point in what the IA was doing and
         | to say, "oh, you know what, that is actually fair in our view".
         | Only, they didn't, it looks like.
         | 
         | I guess the next step is to see if the Supreme Court is
         | interested in weighing in on the topic.
        
           | ranger_danger wrote:
           | I still don't see the difference with one-to-one lending vs
           | physical libraries as long as the archive owns the books.
        
           | indigovole wrote:
           | It is ultimately judgment calls by human beings that make the
           | determinations. However, I don't see how you can read this
           | opinion and think that the judges are just making their minds
           | up on the spot. Every single decision point in this opinion
           | goes back to prior cases and either explains why they apply
           | or distinguishes this case from them to explain why they
           | don't.
           | 
           | - It's not like Campbell/Rose-Acuff (2 Live Crew v Roy
           | Orbison, the "Pretty Woman" case) because IA's ebooks are not
           | parodies of the original works. They _are_ the original
           | works.
           | 
           | - It's not like Sony (the Betamax case in which whole-work
           | copying was found fair because it enabled time-shifting),
           | because there's no sufficiently different use that's not
           | supported by the original copy. You read the book, you read
           | the IA scanned copy.
           | 
           | Courts have judgment, but within parameters. The Copyright
           | Act itself spells out four factors for evaluating whether a
           | use is fair, and both courts found that it failed on every
           | factor. The judge can't say, "well, but I still believe that
           | the use should be fair anyway"; that would be an instant
           | reversal and remand, with instructions amounting to "follow
           | what the law says, dummy."
           | 
           | This was never really a close call based on prior cases.
           | Transformative use has almost never been "exactly the same
           | work used exactly the same way, but digital." Cases that have
           | tried to make that argument have failed again and again. The
           | "our enforcement ensures that only one person is using the
           | copy at a time" has been tried before as well, and has
           | consistently failed. Back in 2020, my heart sank when I saw
           | IA's announcement that they were doing this, because I was
           | certain that they would be sued for it, and that they would
           | lose if they were. I can't stress enough how obvious these
           | rulings have been if you expect the courts to do what they
           | ordinarily do-- find similarly in similar cases.
           | 
           | The Supreme Court can discard all that precedent - they've
           | certainly made a habit of that lately - and create new case
           | law, along with an explanation of the way that they evaluate
           | the factors to find that way. They may in fact do so; they've
           | done that a couple of times in recent decades. However, they
           | don't take many cases, and this case is so clearly in line
           | with past cases that it's hard to see why they would take
           | this one.
        
             | ranger_danger wrote:
             | >In sum, IA has not met its "burden of proving that the
             | secondary use does not compete in the relevant market"
             | 
             | How does this same thing not apply to physical libraries
             | then? Even if the scope were limited to books IA itself
             | owns (which they still denied anyways), why should one-to-
             | one digital lending be any different than physical in-
             | person library book lending?
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | Physical book lending doesn't involve making copies at
               | all, so copyright law doesn't apply.
               | 
               | That said, some libraries do lend scans of materials and
               | libraries copying materials on microfilm has been done
               | for ages. Interlibrary loans are done frequently with
               | copies. Hell, the Library of Congress does it.
        
               | pcaharrier wrote:
               | Because (at least under current law) that's not quite the
               | same as what libraries are doing as explained here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41448376
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm not sure I see the problem with one-to-one digital
               | lending modulo the possibility of the reader potentially
               | making copies for essentially free. However, there's a
               | ton of legal precedent for lending out purchased physical
               | copies of things. Certainly there's no precedent for the
               | unlimited lending that triggered the current legal woes.
               | Previously a lot of what the IA didn't really have a
               | legal foundation but mostly slid under the radar because
               | it generally seemed reasonable.
        
               | indigovole wrote:
               | The physical object can be passed around without
               | copyright coming into play. Copyright law has special
               | provision for interlibrary loan, and archival copies.
               | 
               | There is nothing in the law that supports making a
               | digital copy and and using technical safeguards to
               | transfer it to exactly one person at a time - except
               | licensing under the exclusive rights of the rightsholder.
               | 
               | Congress could write something into the law to support
               | this kind of digital lending. However, Congress has been
               | largely unable to accomplish anything interesting or
               | innovative for a long time now, outside of a couple of
               | flagship goals for one party or the other. Copyright law
               | hasn't seen a substantial revision since the Act of '75,
               | and ... a few ... things have happened since then. [DMCA
               | added some new provisions for anti-circumvention and for
               | safe harbor, but it didn't add new exemptions that most
               | people care about, or modify the exclusive rights in any
               | way.]
               | 
               | The entertainment/publishing industries have usually
               | gotten what they want in past revisions, but by now the
               | tech industry is pretty strongly on the opposite side. It
               | would be interesting to see what kind of crazy-quilt
               | changes got patched together in a significant revision.
        
               | ranger_danger wrote:
               | Ok I didn't think about the fact that a digital scan of a
               | book is technically a copy. So I guess there isn't a good
               | established law on how to handle that, you're right. I
               | was wondering why in the ruling they were even referring
               | to the scanned books as a copy and it just wasn't
               | clicking in my head. Thanks
        
       | Atreiden wrote:
       | > This appeal presents the following question: Is it "fair use"
       | for a nonprofit organization to scan copyright-protected print
       | books in their entirety, and distribute those digital copies
       | online, in full, for free, subject to a one-to-one owned-to-
       | loaned ratio between its print copies and the digital copies it
       | makes available at any given time, all without authorization from
       | the copyright-holding publishers or authors? Applying the
       | relevant provisions of the Copyright Act as well as binding
       | Supreme Court and Second Circuit precedent, we conclude the
       | answer is no.
       | 
       | When the conclusion is so obviously incorrect, we should examine
       | the underlying precedent that leads us to such an erroneous
       | conclusion. This precedent should give us pause. They're
       | restricting a NONPROFITs to distribute legally purchased print
       | media in a way that the publishers don't want.
       | 
       | And this seems to be the justification:
       | 
       | > In addition to selling traditional print books, Publishers
       | collectively invest millions of dollars in developing new formats
       | and markets suited for the digital age, including the eBook
       | market.
       | 
       | > Here, by contrast, IA's Free Digital Library offers few
       | efficiencies beyond those already offered by Publishers' own
       | eBooks. IA argues that its use is more efficient because it
       | "replace[s] the burdens of physical transportation with the
       | benefits of digital technology," but this ignores the fact that
       | IA's digital books compete directly with Publishers' eBooks--
       | works derivative of the original print books.
       | 
       | This is an assault on free-use, libraries, and collective sharing
       | of knowledge. If I buy a physical book, I can give it to anyone I
       | want because the laws of yore did not see societal benefit to
       | prohibiting this. I'm quite certain that these companies would
       | prohibit the practice, if they could. The law is the only thing
       | protecting the commons.
       | 
       | The argument here is essentially, "these companies are spending
       | millions to distribute their IP digitally, so we should shield
       | them from Open standards that would negatively impact their
       | profits". "Your work isn't transformative, because we've already
       | done a similar transformation". They're wielding a proprietary
       | implementation as a hammer to crush open knowledge. The internet
       | should be a tool to facilitate knowledge-sharing for the
       | betterment of our entire species, not a weapon to stifle
       | knowledge for the sake of corporate profits.
        
         | altruios wrote:
         | We should do a Rome thing, rework the legal code at this point,
         | now that we have the internet. Copyright needs to be abolished
         | or radically altered.
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | > When the conclusion is so obviously incorrect, we should
         | examine the underlying precedent that leads us to such an
         | erroneous conclusion. This precedent should give us pause.
         | They're restricting a NONPROFITs to distribute legally
         | purchased print media in a way that the publishers don't want.
         | 
         | This is nonsense. They are not distributing "legally purchased
         | print media", they are VERY literally distributing digital
         | copies of the original legally purchased print media.
        
       | atlasunshrugged wrote:
       | Wikipedia page for additional context:
       | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=8997844...
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | Why are you routing this link through google?
        
       | pcaharrier wrote:
       | "Is it 'fair use' for a nonprofit organization to scan copyright-
       | protected print books in their entirety, and distribute those
       | digital copies online, in full, for free, subject to a one-to-one
       | owned-to-loaned ratio between its print copies and the digital
       | copies it makes available at any given time, all without
       | authorization from the copyright-holding publishers or authors?
       | Applying the relevant provisions of the Copyright Act as well as
       | binding Supreme Court and Second Circuit precedent, we conclude
       | the answer is no."
        
       | Yawrehto wrote:
       | I hope this doesn't bankrupt the Internet Archive (either the
       | legal fees or the case - I don't recall what they're asking for).
       | It would be bad if the Wayback Machine, the biggest internet
       | archivist around, went under, and also all the books, software,
       | et cetera that the Archive hosts. I wonder if there's any way to
       | archive all of the Wayback Machine (82.3 petabytes), or, better
       | yet, all of the Internet Archive (which is, by my count, around
       | 120 petabytes?) Who would have the capability/interest in doing
       | so, ideally without charge?
        
         | pcaharrier wrote:
         | Shutting down IA altogether seems unlikely at this point (even
         | if legal fees are substantial). They've written before about
         | what the decision means (this appellate court affirmed what the
         | district court did last year) and it doesn't touch things like
         | the Wayback Machine: https://blog.archive.org/2023/08/17/what-
         | the-hachette-v-inte...
        
       | airhangerf15 wrote:
       | Honestly the dumbest possible move by Internet Archive. IA has
       | gotten more and more ideological as well, and it's been censoring
       | content it doesn't like. I'm not sure if they're in the
       | Wikipedia/Mozilla boat of screwed up political spending, but if
       | they are, this decision should at least temper that down.
       | 
       | I'm sure they'll be able to raise the money needed to pay off
       | this lawsuit. It's true the Archive has a lot of amazing things
       | not found elsewhere. Still, I've been hesitant to give them any
       | money for years.
       | 
       | The replies in that thread are dumb too. I don't think people
       | understand the legal complexities here, what a huge advantage it
       | was for IA to even be able to lend out digital books in the way
       | it was doing, and how dumb it was for them to think they could
       | create new legal/copyright theory in the wake of the mass-
       | hysteria of 2020.
       | 
       | It does show the two tiered system. Amazon, big tech and others
       | massively got away with absorbing huge amounts of money in 2020.
       | This non-profit tried to do equally shady things and it bit them
       | in the ass. You clearly see where the system is tilted towards.
        
         | pcaharrier wrote:
         | I think there actually does need to be some re-evaluation of
         | some of the copyright/fair use issues raised by this case, but
         | the NEL thing they did in 2020 was a totally unnecessary risk.
        
         | room4 wrote:
         | > how dumb it was for them to think they could create new
         | legal/copyright theory in the wake of the mass-hysteria of
         | 2020.
         | 
         | I haven't followed the details of this case, but as a general
         | notion, that sounds kinda reasonable to me?
         | 
         | Copyright law and enforcement is terribly broken in the USA,
         | with a handful of giant publishers wielding massive, abusive
         | power and the average American being harmed by losing their
         | fair use rights and independent creators being bullied and
         | abused by the giants behind the copyright cartel.
         | 
         | 2020 upended society in many ways and created opportunities to
         | fix various dysfunctional parts of society. It changed things
         | as diverse as work-from-home norms to laws around takeaway
         | alcohol from restaurants. The possibility to also improve
         | copyright restrictions seems reasonable.
        
           | pcaharrier wrote:
           | "IA lifted its one-to-one owned-to-loaned ratio, allowing its
           | digital books to be checked out by up to 10,000 users at a
           | time, without regard to the corresponding number of physical
           | books in storage or in partner libraries' possession--a
           | practice IA acknowledges was a 'deviat[ion] from controlled
           | digital lending.'"
           | 
           | No argument from me that copyright and fair use is broken
           | (and exclusively in ways that inure to the benefit of
           | enormous publishing houses), but the "National Emergency
           | Library" thing was never going to fly, even if they had found
           | a judge willing to stretch existing copyright law at the
           | edges.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | They were getting away with something because it seemed
             | kind of reasonable. They were effectively letting one
             | person effectively remotely view a physical book they
             | owned.
             | 
             | But NEL threw all that out the window. And COVID was a
             | pretty translucent fig leaf. It's not like there is any
             | shortage of public domain works "for the children" out
             | there even if copyright terms should be shorter.
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | You want to show century-old works to children?
               | 
               | Most of those are straight up racist. A work being public
               | domain is a good a sign that it's awful.
        
           | TeaBrain wrote:
           | Copyright law is broken in the US, but that doesn't mean that
           | Internet Archive was going to legally get away with what they
           | were doing and escape legal trouble, even if it arguably
           | wasn't morally wrong.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | "appeal to morality" is how Internet Archive, Wikipedia,
             | Mozilla, and Google etc. have lost their way in the first
             | place.
        
         | wahern wrote:
         | > I'm sure they'll be able to raise the money needed to pay off
         | this lawsuit.
         | 
         | 1) The relevant statute actually remits statutory damages for
         | libraries.[1] Though this exception went untested because...
         | 
         | 2) The parties negotiated a damages settlement between
         | themselves before the trial court heard evidence and arguments
         | on damages, but they agreed to let the summary judgment appeal
         | go forth to establish firmer precedent.
         | 
         | [1] It's a qualified exception, but the IA was in a much better
         | position in this regard than on the merits. And undoubtedly
         | this limitation on damages figured into their original decision
         | to test the waters.
        
           | penteract wrote:
           | Does "remits" mean reduces here, along the lines of
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittitur? It was an
           | unfamiliar term to me and I'm not sure I've found the right
           | meaning.
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | It means to refrain from exacting, which is one of the
             | Merriam-Webster dictionary definitions. Here's the usage in
             | context:
             | 
             | > [...] The court shall remit statutory damages in any case
             | where an infringer believed and had reasonable grounds for
             | believing that his or her use of the copyrighted work was a
             | fair use under section 107, if the infringer was: (i) an
             | employee or agent of a nonprofit educational institution,
             | library, or archives acting within the scope of his or her
             | employment who, or such institution, library, or archives
             | itself, which infringed by reproducing the work in copies
             | or phonorecords
             | 
             | -- 17 U.S. Code SS 504(c)(2)
             | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/504
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | What content censoring have they been doing, what could I
         | search on to read more about it? When typing "internet archive
         | censoring" into DDG, it just comes up with articles about this
         | case that never even mention the word censoring
        
           | dpedu wrote:
           | I couldn't think of anything off the top of my head either,
           | but a google search found this:
           | https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/7/23341051/kiwi-farms-
           | intern...
           | 
           | Edit: HN discussion:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32743325
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | > citing an "immediate threat to human life" due to threats
             | and potential criminal actions from Kiwi Farms users [...]
             | Kiwi Farms is known for collecting and publicizing personal
             | details about targets it holds in contempt, many of whom
             | are transgender women
             | 
             | Sounds sensible. I also wouldn't want to host such content
             | tbh, similar to CSAM or pirated movies or so, hosting this
             | material sounds somewhere between being a dick and a
             | shortcut to getting the whole site taken down
             | 
             | I could see the point of keeping it around for research and
             | law enforcement purposes but not the general public
             | 
             | I'm glad to hear this is not about censoring for a
             | political agenda, that would have been a huge blow to how I
             | value and trust the IA with what I've come to find a very
             | useful function on the internet
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | You're writing this as if the National Emergency Library was
         | something way out of left field but Controlled Digital Lending
         | was settled law. It was not: CDL and NEL were both _exactly_
         | the same amount of out-of-left-field fringe copyright theory.
         | In fact, there was already legal rulings against a digital
         | resale scheme called ReDigi. The law is actually fairly clear
         | that first sale only applies to transferring physical property,
         | you cannot resell or lend an electronic transmission.
         | 
         | People are allowed to be angry about settled law regardless.
         | 
         | I question your use of "ideological" and "censoring",
         | especially with the invocation of Wikipedia and Mozilla. Sounds
         | like you have some political hobby horses to ride. Let us keep
         | in mind that Internet Archive's biggest risk is just _running
         | the Wayback Machine_. Hosting a copy of every website on the
         | Internet is an extreme legal risk that is mitigated solely by
         | the fact that basically everyone who operates or develops
         | websites has had to fish _something_ out of the Internet
         | Archive at some point. If IA has an ideology, it 's "it's
         | better to ask for forgiveness than permission".
        
       | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
       | So is it game over for IA?
        
       | pcaharrier wrote:
       | This struck me as significant (buried in the opinion's last
       | footnote):
       | 
       | "IA makes a final argument that, even if its Open Libraries
       | project did not qualify as a fair use, we should restrict the
       | injunction to the Open Libraries project and allow IA to continue
       | CDL for books that IA itself owns. In support of that argument,
       | IA argues that the fourth factor analysis would be more favorable
       | if CDL were limited to IA's own books. In our view, the fair use
       | analysis would not be substantially different if limited to IA's
       | CDL of the books it owns, and the fourth factor still would count
       | against fair use. So we decline IA's invitation to narrow the
       | scope of our holding or of the district court's injunction."
       | 
       | In other words, even if one purchases a print copy of the book,
       | fair use would not allow them to lend a digital copy of the book
       | to one person at a time. Why the court concludes that that "would
       | not be substantially different" is unclear from just this
       | footnote.
        
       | preciousoo wrote:
       | Donation link for the archive: https://archive.org/donate
        
       | symlinkk wrote:
       | Yeah, you can't just give away copyrighted books for free, lol.
        
         | altruios wrote:
         | If you buy them first, they are yours to give away...
        
       | raytopia wrote:
       | Crazy that this is not fair use but ai is.
        
         | pcaharrier wrote:
         | Dare I say "Follow the money"?
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | Just make an LLM spit out a Metallic song, that will fix that.
        
         | TeeMassive wrote:
         | The argument can be more easily made that AI is transformative
         | compared to copying the content of eBooks.
        
         | bunderbunder wrote:
         | Something like this would never have fallen under fair use in
         | the first place, I don't think. It doesn't really mesh very
         | well with any of the factors US law lists as considerations
         | when deciding whether or not use is fair.
         | 
         | If this falls under anything it falls under the first sale
         | doctrine.
         | 
         | I generally side with publishers and artists on the generative
         | AI debate, but I'll at least concede that they have some
         | grounds for a fair use argument based on the transformative
         | (legal jargon meaning, not buzzword meaning) nature of the work
         | they're doing.
         | 
         | (IANAL, just guesing, etc etc.)
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | Is AI fair use? I'm no legal expert, but my impression was that
         | the legal precedent simply had not been set yet, but that when
         | it is set it is likely against AI
        
         | thebrid wrote:
         | As much as I love the Internet Archive, is it really that
         | crazy? The four factors used for determining fair use are:
         | * the purpose and character of the use       * the nature of
         | the copyrighted work;       * the amount and substantiality of
         | the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
         | * the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value
         | of the copyrighted work.
         | 
         | In the Internet Archive case, they're distributing whole,
         | unmodified copies of copyrighted works which will of course
         | compete with those original works.
         | 
         | In the AI use case, they're typically aiming _not_ to output
         | any significant part of the training data. So they could well
         | argue that the use is transformative, reproducing only minimal
         | parts of the original work and not competing in the market with
         | the original work.
        
           | hiatus wrote:
           | > In the Internet Archive case, they're distributing whole,
           | unmodified copies of copyrighted works which will of course
           | compete with those original works.
           | 
           | Libraries would be illegal if conceived of today. If this
           | weren't digital it would be a violation of first sale
           | doctrine.
        
             | beardyw wrote:
             | > Libraries would be illegal if conceived of today.
             | 
             | Just shows how far forward we have progressed. Maybe book
             | burnings next to prevent resale?
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | How? Libraries lend out actual physical objects. They're
             | not xeroxing the books and handing them out.
        
               | tcgv wrote:
               | Exactly. And if a book is in high demand in a library,
               | you'd either have to wait your turn or purchase one
               | yourself to avoid the lending queue.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | The IA's controlled digital lending setup worked the same
               | way.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | No, the IA's CDL system required them to make multiple
               | copies of books (one to digitize the book, and one for
               | every reader of the book), which is not a legal problem a
               | physical library runs into.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | I agree, and apparently this distinction is legally
               | relevant. However, it does not change my point that the
               | CDL also has the property that:
               | 
               | "if a book is in high demand in a library, you'd either
               | have to wait your turn or purchase one yourself to avoid
               | the lending queue."
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Right. I'd like a system where that distinction matters
               | but it seems plain how the courts will arrive at a
               | conclusion that it doesn't, because the law is about the
               | mechanism more than it is about the intent. Still, we
               | were all holding on to a fig leaf of an argument that the
               | intent would control here, and IA has burnt that leaf up,
               | at least in NY, CT, and VT.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | To me, the point isn't that what the IA was doing was fair
           | use, but that what LLMs are doing arguably is _not_.
           | 
           | > _In the AI use case, they 're typically aiming not to
           | output any significant part of the training data_
           | 
           | What they've aimed to do and what they've done are two
           | different things. Models absolutely have produced output that
           | closely mirrors data they were trained on.
           | 
           | > _not competing in the market with the original work_
           | 
           | This seems like a stretch, if only because I already see how
           | much LLMs have changed my own behavior.
           | 
           | These models exist because of that data, and directly compete
           | by making it unnecessary to seek out the original information
           | to begin with.
        
             | halJordan wrote:
             | But look at your own argument. LLMs are not fair use
             | because they might be prompted into regurgitating something
             | substantially similar to the trained data.
             | 
             | And yet, the IA is 100% aiming to absolutely reproduce
             | literally every part of the work in a 100% complete manner
             | that replaces the original use of the work.
             | 
             | And you cannot bring yourself to admit that the IA is
             | wrong. When you get to that point you have to admit to
             | yourself that you're not making an argument your pushing a
             | dogma.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | I'm not arguing that the IA is right or wrong here.
               | 
               | The point more generally is that there's an asymmetry in
               | how people are thinking about these issues, and to
               | highlight that asymmetry.
               | 
               | If it turns out after various lawsuits shake out that
               | LLMs as they currently exist are actually entirely legal,
               | there's a case to be made that the criteria for
               | establishing fair use is quite broken. In a world where
               | the IA gets in legal trouble for interpreting existing
               | rules too broadly, it seems entirely unjust that LLM
               | companies would get off scott free for doing something
               | arguably far worse from some perspectives.
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | > and not competing in the market with the original work
           | 
           | AI _absolutely_ competes in the market with the original
           | works it trains on, and with new works in those same markets.
           | Proponents of unrestricted AI training loudly tout and
           | _celebrate_ that it does so.
           | 
           | Which would be fine, if everyone else had the _same_ rights
           | to completely ignore copyright. The asymmetry here seems
           | critically broken.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | IA's arguments that this was fair use seem exceptionally weak:
         | 
         | * Their "transformation" argument comes down to easing access,
         | which has already been shot down in previous cases;
         | unsurprising, since Napster could make the same argument.
         | 
         | * Their "nature of the work" argument came down to the fact
         | that some of the books they scanned were nonfiction.
         | 
         | * They made a halfhearted attempt to claim that "amount and
         | substantiality" weighed neutrally in this case, despite copying
         | entire books wholesale and making them available in their
         | entirety.
         | 
         | * They brought experts to make their "commercial impact"
         | argument who limited their analysis to physical books(?!)
         | despite the publishers coming to the case with competing
         | ebooks.
         | 
         | It's wild to me they thought they could win this case. There's
         | the law as people at IA and on message boards want it to be,
         | and there's the law as it is. For people who want those two
         | concepts to come closer together, this case seems like a major
         | setback and an egregious strategic blunder.
        
         | Minor49er wrote:
         | Creating something transformative is worse than straight up
         | copying it? How does this make any sense?
        
         | woadwarrior01 wrote:
         | Indeed! Although in the AI training case it's much more
         | surreptitious. Everyone trains on them, the only story that I'm
         | aware of is the one about the OpenAI books1 and books2 datasets
         | used to train GPT3.
        
         | suprjami wrote:
         | Lending books to students doesn't make Red Line go up.
        
         | AcerbicZero wrote:
         | I wonder how legit it would be to have an AI scan over the
         | copy, re-write it (as minimally as possible) in its own words,
         | and then just distribute that.
         | 
         | Probably not all that legit, but arguably thats where we're
         | headed anyway :/
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I still cannot imagine how IA thought that giving unrestricted
       | access to copyrighted books was a good idea. It seemed inevitable
       | that _someone_ would sue them over it.
       | 
       | Honestly, I think that IA's ambivalence towards the use of their
       | website for outright piracy might lead to their collapse, and
       | that's a shame. The Archive _can_ be a really wonderful tool,
       | though I 'm not sure that its current management really knows
       | what they're doing.
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | This article doesn't mention controlled digital lending at all,
       | what the entire lawsuit was about, and instead spends a
       | significant chunk of the article on the national emergency
       | library, a program that got like a one sentence mention in the
       | judgment.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I think it was the catalyst for the whole lawsuit though. If
         | they had done _just_ CDL, then I think that the book companies
         | would have just tolerated it.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | It wasn't, the book publishers were clearly preparing the
           | lawsuit for years before the NEL.
           | 
           | The logic doesn't even make sense, if their objection was to
           | the NEL they would have sued over that and the lawsuit would
           | have been over four years ago.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | > It wasn't, the book publishers were clearly preparing the
             | lawsuit for years before the NEL.
             | 
             | Even if that were true, they could have still been waiting
             | for something like NEL to start the process, if nothing
             | else to get the narrative on their side.
             | 
             | I don't know, I don't work for a book company.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | I'll agree that the NEL was a PR boon for this case, it's
               | turned most of the discourse on this topic into people
               | saying the IA deserved it for something unrelated to the
               | case.
               | 
               | That's a different claim than "book publishers would have
               | tolerated CDL without it."
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Sure, fair enough, they were probably just waiting for
               | the right time to pounce. The NEL was as good a time as
               | any, but it was probably a matter of "when", not "if".
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | Someone has to push the limits to see where they actually are.
       | Now we know.
        
         | jzb wrote:
         | We knew. This was a dumb move on IA's part. I support the
         | organization wholeheartedly, but it was a dumb and risky move.
         | (They may be _morally_ correct, but there was little if any
         | doubt that they 'd overstepped the legal bounds.)
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | That's an overly simplistic way to look at this. Depending on
         | the fact pattern you bring to a case, you will get _different
         | limits_ , which then apply to everyone later on regardless of
         | their own fact patterns. IA took just about the worst possible
         | fact pattern all the way to the 2nd Circuit for no discernible
         | reason.
        
         | JoshTriplett wrote:
         | Now we should _fix_ those limits to be less broken.
        
         | EarlKing wrote:
         | We already knew what those limits were. This accomplished
         | nothing other than endangering the internet archive by
         | committing mass acts of copyright infringement. Ultimately, if
         | he wanted to push the limits and get the law changed through
         | judicial activism, he should've done it in his personal
         | capacity rather than as a policy of the internet archive.
        
       | quartesixte wrote:
       | Really wish one of the billionaires would fund a publishing house
       | that worked off a very different model than the Copyright
       | Protection Scheme that the current majors used. Something that
       | would allow authors to capture upsides, publishers to recoup, and
       | information to spread freely.
       | 
       | Patronage? Large Advances + Subscriptions?
       | 
       | Something besides what we have now. Writing a 200 - 300 page book
       | takes fair bit of effort and time that is not directly
       | compensated, hence advances and the upside of royalties.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | The majority of authors who write novels hardly earn money as
         | it is. I've written two novels, and they've sold more than
         | average, and yet it can't cover my takeaway budget. That's
         | fine, it's a hobby. But the point is only a vanishingly small
         | minority write for money.
         | 
         | Of course we want to keep some of those who do, but I don't
         | know what a good solution would be. Not least because there's a
         | vast chasm in terms of effort: a novel of the same length can
         | take days or years, and it's not at all a given the low effort
         | one will be the worst one.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | It's not about making money for the author, it's about making
           | money for the publishing company. Nobody in government cares
           | about the authors.
        
         | daedrdev wrote:
         | Even the publishers themselves loose money on most books they
         | publish. Its something crazy like 65% of titles loose money,
         | and 4% of books make 60% of the profits
         | 
         | They book industry is much similar to venture capital, where a
         | bunch of bets are made on books that they hope they hit it big,
         | and get the rest of their income from the long tail of previous
         | books they hang onto.
         | 
         | https://www.elysian.press/p/no-one-buys-books
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | Very much not a surprise. I think the Internet Archive is
       | providing an invaluable service to humanity in preserving works
       | that would otherwise be lost to time. it is one of the crown
       | jewels of the Internet, doing a job that nobody else is willing
       | to do. But at the same time I know the courts side with
       | publishers pretty much every time and copyright law being such as
       | it is they're totally screwed. The only real question is how many
       | trillions dollars will the judgment be. Preserving history is at
       | odds with the profit motive, and lawmakers care a lot more about
       | the latter than the former.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | But, beyond this ruling, could Internet Archive just scan the
         | books, store the data and release it to the public at a later
         | time? I am just thinking about the preservation part in your
         | comment.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | "A later time" being the after the year 2100 for most of
           | these works. I am not exaggerating. If the author is still
           | alive today their works won't enter the public domain until
           | after you are dead.
           | 
           | One can argue that the Internet Archive would be effectively
           | useless if they strictly followed copyright law.
        
             | wslh wrote:
             | I only separated the logic based on your point about
             | preservation. I completely agree that copyright rules are
             | often abused and modified 'a piacere.' The topic of
             | preservation resonated with me because I do amateur
             | research in genealogy, and, for example, if you don't
             | interview great-grandparents or grandparents, much of that
             | information could become irrecoverable later.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | My overall point was "are works actually preserved if
               | they are locked away and inaccessible?" A work that
               | technically exists, but is inaccessible until after your
               | death is effectively lost to you.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | In the meantime, the copyright duration could be shortened.
             | 
             | Or, from another POV, cultural artifacts we dig out from
             | earth millennia after they were buried still preserve
             | something valuable. An entity like IA should think past one
             | lifetime.
        
               | M2Ys4U wrote:
               | >In the meantime, the copyright duration could be
               | shortened.
               | 
               | There's a better chance of you winning every lottery on
               | Earth twice in a row than copyright terms being shortened
               | in this century.
        
       | fudged71 wrote:
       | "If libraries were invented today they would be illegal"
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Internet Archive response blog post:
       | https://blog.archive.org/2024/09/04/internet-archive-respond...
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | This has been playing out for many years. And it's all because
       | Brewster Kahle decided that an overly broad interpretation of the
       | Internet Archive's mission trumped the rights of authors and
       | publishers, and the laws of the United States.
       | 
       | When IA was asked to stop CDL - many times - he continued. The
       | National Writers Union tried to open a dialogue as early as 2010
       | but was ignored:
       | 
       |  _The Internet Archive says it would rather talk with writers
       | individually than talk to the NWU or other writers'
       | organizations. But requests by NWU members to talk to or meet
       | with the Internet Archive have been ignored or rebuffed._
       | 
       | https://nwu.org/nwu-denounces-cdl/
       | 
       | When the requests to abandon CDL turned into demands, Kahle dug
       | in his heels. When the inevitable lawsuits followed, and IA lost,
       | he insisted that he was still in the right and plowed ahead with
       | appeals.
       | 
       | He also opened a new front in the court of public opinion. In his
       | blog posts and interviews with U.S. media, Kahle portrays the
       | court cases and legal judgements as a crusade against the
       | Internet Archive and all librarians (see
       | https://blog.archive.org/2023/12/15/brewster-kahle-appeal-st...).
       | It's not. It's the logical outcome of one man's seemingly
       | fanatical conviction against the law and the people who work very
       | hard to bring new books into being.
       | 
       | In addition, there has been real collateral damage to the many
       | noble aspects of the Internet Archive. Legal fees and judgements
       | have diverted resources away from the Wayback Machine, the
       | library of public domain works, and other IA programs that
       | provide real value to society. I truly hope the organization can
       | survive.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | So, this case was not about CDL (Controlled Digital Lending).
         | It was about DL with the "C" removed. Specifically the IA's
         | previous CDL program only lent out one electronic copy at a
         | time per physical copy held, and this case is about a program
         | at beginning of pandemic where they suspended these limits.
         | 
         | There could still be appeals in store for this case, but
         | regardless of the outcome of this case, CDL could still be
         | quite legal (and I think ought to be -- libraries ability to
         | lend out books without publisher permission or license has been
         | a huge gain for society, and I think must be able to continue
         | in the electronic realm; and I think there are good legal
         | arguments for it, on extension of first-sale doctrine to
         | electronic realm and on fair use).
         | 
         | It was not helpful for the case of CDL to have this pretty bad
         | ("uncontrolled digital lending"?) case decided first though, I
         | agree this was not a very strategic move.
        
           | zerocrates wrote:
           | They lost here on both regular CDL and the National Emergency
           | Library "uncontrolled" variant.
           | 
           | The court's decision and conclusion is almost entirely about
           | just regular CDL:
           | 
           | "This appeal presents the following question: is it "fair
           | use" for a nonprofit organization to scan copyright-protected
           | print books in their entirety and distribute those digital
           | copies online, in full, for free, _subject to a one-to-one
           | owned-to-loaned ratio between its print copies and the
           | digital copies it makes available at any given time_ , all
           | without authorization from the copyright-holding publishers
           | or authors? Applying the relevant provisions of the Copyright
           | Act as well as binding Supreme Court and Second Circuit
           | precedent, we conclude the answer is no."
           | 
           | (emphasis added)
        
             | jrochkind1 wrote:
             | Well, that is a disaster. I'll have to read more, I hadn't
             | realized that.
        
               | zerocrates wrote:
               | Yeah the posture and discussion on that is basically "we
               | don't even need to go into the NEL because CDL as a whole
               | isn't fair use."
               | 
               | There are some limiting principles... the lower decision
               | only covered books that were "in print" in eBook form...
               | but the rationale here is quite broad and would easily
               | stretch beyond these specifics. (There's a small amount
               | of analysis related to whether the digitization involved
               | in CDL is "transformative" that rests on official
               | publisher eBooks being available, but there's a strong
               | overall impression that the decision would come out the
               | same way for things not already available digitally.)
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | So what I'm mad at is not that IA did CDL and imperilled
               | thier other work -- it's that instead of doing CDL in a
               | way most likely to result in a successful case if sued,
               | they did it in a reckless not-C way that resulted in a
               | bad case that ruined CDL, where maybe a better case with
               | better facts would not have.
               | 
               | In a more reasonable world we could imagine Congress
               | might pass a law authorizing actual one-copy-per CDL by
               | non-profit libraries. But nobody's going to hold their
               | breath for that.
        
               | zerocrates wrote:
               | Yes, the NEL period surely soured even more what was
               | already going to be a hard case, and gave the publishers
               | greater impetus to bring it, and blunted the negative PR
               | they'd have gotten. I don't know that any CDL that was
               | done on a significant enough scale to be worth the suit
               | was ever going to survive, though.
               | 
               | I've thought since the beginning of this saga that a
               | change in statute would pretty much be needed for CDL or
               | something similar. The idea being to craft something that
               | extends the philosophy or idea of libraries in the face
               | of an increasingly digital world where doing much of
               | anything requires a copy, things are licensed rather than
               | sold, and the first sale doctrine has little application,
               | but I agree with you that such an idea has dim prospects.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | Also, I lazily assumed differently, because I'm used to
               | appellate courts making it as easy as possible and narrow
               | as possible and not making new law they didn't need to
               | make. I expected since the NEL thing was so blatant and
               | made the decision easier, they'd just make a decision
               | about that. Isn't that how it usually used to work? New
               | era I guess.
               | 
               | But looking at it, maybe this was the way the original
               | suit was set up necessarily, and the lower court
               | decision? OK.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > the lower decision only covered books that were "in
               | print" in eBook form
               | 
               | This is actually a pretty significant limitation, because
               | so much of what was practically available as CDL was
               | actually out-of-print books that the publishers never
               | bothered to make available for eBooks licensing. It's at
               | least reasonable to expect that the fair-use analysis
               | might tilt the other way for such books - the use is a
               | bit more "transformative" because at least it technically
               | contributes something that the publisher didn't, and the
               | potential of market harm wrt. the copywritten work
               | becomes a lot more speculative.
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | If you read the decision (https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisi
           | ons/isysquery/797361df-8d...), it almost entirely focuses on
           | CDL not being legal in general rather than bringing up IA's
           | "National Emergency Library" program. One illustrative quote:
           | 
           | "IA maintains that it delivers each Work "only to one already
           | entitled to view [it]"--i.e., the one person who would be
           | entitled to check out the physical copy of each Work. But
           | this characterization confuses IA's practices with
           | traditional library lending of print books. IA does not
           | perform the traditional functions of a library; it prepares
           | derivatives of Publishers' Works and delivers those
           | derivatives to its users in full. That Section 108 allows
           | libraries to make a small number of copies for preservation
           | and replacement purposes does not mean that IA can prepare
           | and distribute derivative works en masse and assert that it
           | is simply performing the traditional functions of a library.
           | 17 U.S.C. SS 108; see also, e.g., ReDigi, 910 F.3d at 658
           | ("We are not free to disregard the terms of the statute
           | merely because the entity performing an unauthorized
           | reproduction makes efforts to nullify its consequences by the
           | counterbalancing destruction of the preexisting
           | phonorecords.")."
        
             | snapetom wrote:
             | Technically true, but people are naive to think the
             | catalyst to file the lawsuit wasn't the NEL.
             | 
             | CDL had been going on for years in a bit of a cold war.
             | Publishers had a lot to lose if they lost CDL and just
             | lived with it. When NEL happened, they decided to use their
             | nukes. They had a rock-solid case against NEL, so might as
             | well use it and try to take out CDL at the same time.
             | 
             | If they lost CDL but won NEL, they would be back where
             | we've started for years.
        
           | pavon wrote:
           | No, that's wrong. The original case covered both CDL and the
           | "emergency" lending, but this appeal focused solely on CDL.
        
         | teruakohatu wrote:
         | > In his many interviews with U.S. media, he portrays the court
         | cases and legal judgements as a crusade against the Internet
         | Archive and all librarians. It's not. It's the logical outcome
         | of one man's seemingly fanatical conviction against the law and
         | the people who work very hard to bring new books into being.
         | 
         | If IA had won, IA would be hailed as a cultural hero. They hit
         | and they missed. Claiming Brewster Kahle is against "the people
         | who work very hard to bring new books into being" is unfair.
         | The copyright goalposts have moved so far past where they were
         | originally, the people who work very hard can be dead for
         | decades and their works still in copyright, and by the time
         | they are dead for 70 years, the copyright will probably be
         | extended again.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | The further you take a federal case the more precedent you
           | create. The infinitesimal odds IA seemed to have at winning
           | this case have to be weighed against the precedent they have
           | created that may bind on future controlled digital lending
           | cases with better facts. What IA did here wasn't costless.
        
           | doublescoop wrote:
           | This wasn't a case of the estates of dead authors trying to
           | hold onto rights. Working authors were actively being harmed
           | by the activities of the IA through the CDL. Working authors
           | were met with refusals to meet to discuss this issue.
           | 
           | I don't think that characterization of Kahle is unfair at
           | all. His position was unreasonable, determined to be illegal,
           | and damaging to people who depend on copyright to license
           | their work.
        
             | cmiles74 wrote:
             | How was the CDL hurting working authors? A library bought
             | the book, paying the publisher and the author. The IA
             | scanned the book for digital lending, this digital copy
             | could only be checked out by one person and only when the
             | physical book was not also checked out.
             | 
             | I understand the court decided this wasn't okay. That
             | aside, how was it hurting working authors?
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | Maybe not the CDL, but the "national emergency library"
               | that ignored the one-book-per-person limit definitely
               | went too far.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | This particular ruling deals with the CDL.
        
               | Lx1oG-AWb6h_ZG0 wrote:
               | From TFA:
               | 
               | > However, the Internet Archive expanded its library
               | project during the covid-19 pandemic. It launched the
               | National Emergency Library, allowing an unlimited number
               | of people to access the same copies of ebooks. That's
               | when the publishers banded together to file the lawsuit,
               | targeting both online libraries.
               | 
               | The digital copy could be checked out by many people at
               | the same time.
        
               | s-video wrote:
               | NEL was a brief deviation from the usual CDL one-
               | borrower-at-a-time system. Parent asked how CDL, not NEL,
               | hurt authors.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | The pandemic lending is a different thing, it's not
               | "CDL".
        
               | healsdata wrote:
               | Because other libraries have licensing agreements that
               | benefit authors on a different basis than "you sold one
               | book to one library".
               | 
               | You may argue that that shouldn't be the paradigm, but
               | one library unilaterally changing it denies the authors
               | their say on the change, either through licensing or
               | legislation.
        
               | forrestthewoods wrote:
               | > this digital copy could only be checked out by one
               | person and only when the physical book was not also
               | checked out
               | 
               | Even if that were the case I don't think it's acceptable.
               | 
               | Physical used goods have limitations on transfer rate. If
               | you want a used book you have to go to the store. Or have
               | it shipped across the country.
               | 
               | I adamantly oppose a global digital pool with
               | instantaneous transfers. In that world you never need to
               | sell more than peak concurrent users. If that were the
               | case then each copy would need to sell for thousands of
               | dollars for content creators to afford food.
               | 
               | The same argument applies to "used" digital movies and
               | games. It's nonsense.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | > If that were the case then each copy would need to sell
               | for thousands of dollars for content creators to afford
               | food.
               | 
               | We have an enormous surplus of content creators and most
               | of the content is not very good. I don't see why we need
               | to structure our economic system such that people must be
               | able to making a living churning out mediocre
               | scifi/romance/mystery novels. If they can, great, but I
               | don't think that's the goal we should be aiming for with
               | copyright. There would still be plenty of novels turned
               | out every year even if copyright did not exist.
               | 
               | > In that world you never need to sell more than peak
               | concurrent users.
               | 
               | That sounds good to me, and I doubt it's really much more
               | than the number of sales now. Many/most people would
               | still buy their own copy anyway, just as they do today
               | when a new book comes out.
               | 
               | Copyright law as structured today is destroying more art
               | than saving it; the number of out-of-print but
               | copyrighted works that are vanishing from human knowledge
               | is astronomical.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | You're arguing against a principle that applies to
               | physical libraries (Who also have films btw)...so are
               | physical libraries also nonsense?
               | 
               | Libraries do not serve the interest of publishers (and
               | let's just focus on publishers because if we're being
               | _real_ here, _publishers_ are the ones who stand to lose
               | money -  "think of the authors" is just a distraction)...
               | i digress, Libraries exist as a benefit to society, they
               | aren't supposed to neatly fit into absolutist capitalist
               | ideals.
        
               | forrestthewoods wrote:
               | > let's just focus on publishers
               | 
               | No. I'm focusing on all media - books, tv, movies, games,
               | etc. It's one set of copyright laws.
               | 
               | > so are physical libraries also nonsense?
               | 
               | Copyright strikes a balance of rights between content
               | creators/owners and content consumers. Physical libraries
               | with the limitations of physical transfer strike are a
               | reasonable balance. A global digital pool with
               | instantaneous and unlimited transfer of non-degradable
               | goods does not strike a reasonable balance.
        
               | pineaux wrote:
               | Also you are allowed to lend your book out to anybody in
               | earth at any time you want. You have bought the book, its
               | yours you can do with it what you want. Burn it, read it,
               | use it as toiletpaper. You arent allowed to republish the
               | book however and earn money on it. Or give it away for
               | free. So the real question here is: what is the
               | definition of publishing. Is the IA publishing?
        
               | mixologic wrote:
               | > If that were the case then each copy would need to sell
               | for thousands of dollars for content creators to afford
               | food.
               | 
               | That is precisely the agreement that existing libraries
               | have with publishers _now_. The digital copy that they
               | buy to lend out comes with restrictions on how many
               | copies can be lent at a time, and also costs a _lot_ more
               | than just buying one copy of the book.
        
               | forrestthewoods wrote:
               | That's certainly not the license that Internet Archive
               | paid for!
               | 
               | If we want media licenses to cost thousands of dollars so
               | they can be loaned out digitally fine. That's something
               | that can be fairly negotiated.
               | 
               | What I oppose is a regular off the shelf purchase being
               | used for unlimited, instantaneous digital rentals. That's
               | disastrously terrible idea.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | If IA had won, it would have been a bad, fragile decision,
           | that could have been instantly erased by another judge or an
           | executive order. If you want to change the law because it is
           | unconstitutional, fight it in the courts. If you want to
           | change the law because it is bad law, get Congress to change
           | the law.
           | 
           | Liberals were spoiled by the Warren Court in thinking that
           | their own personal crusades will be inevitably be given force
           | of law in the end by an appointed judge or an executive
           | order. No, you're going to have to convince people, you can't
           | just wave your degrees and resume around.
           | 
           | It's self-indulgent to risk the archive and the wayback
           | machine like this, but it was his to risk. If it's gone after
           | this, I guess the people who think this was a noble cause can
           | write a poem or do a retrospective about what archive.org
           | _was_ in a gallery somewhere.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | How would an executive order reverse an appeals court
             | finding? This wasn't a regulatory case.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | > Liberals were spoiled by the Warren Court[...] No, you're
             | going to have to convince people, you can't just wave your
             | degrees and resume around.
             | 
             | Maybe this was true in the 1950s and 60s, but a lot of
             | things enshrined by judicial or executive fiat already have
             | democratic support. ex: https://xkcd.com/1431/ Tearing them
             | down is just an exercise in vetocracy.
             | 
             | I'm not entirely sure how this relates to copyright, though
             | - an aspect of law whose main impact on the average person
             | is YouTube or Facebook saying "no, you can't put 50 year
             | old pop songs on your uploads". Here, the problem isn't a
             | majority opposition that needs to be convinced, it's a
             | majority that _doesn 't care_, or doesn't know how to fight
             | in favor of reform.
             | 
             | IA won't be gone because libraries have limitations on
             | copyright damages. In fact, they already paid damages in a
             | settlement with the publishers in the lawsuit. The only
             | reason why there even is an appeal being talked about is
             | because IA and the publishers both agreed to keep the case
             | live through the appeals court.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Sorry. It's not unfair. I am much less likely to create a new
           | book if I know that IA will just be giving away infinite
           | copies to anyone under their crazy theory. Now that some
           | sanity has returned, I'm more likely to actually share my
           | knowledge with the world in book form instead of charging
           | much more to single payers as consulting fees.
        
             | elaus wrote:
             | This court ruling was (also) about "CDL" (controlled
             | digital lending), i.e. lending ONE digital copy of a book
             | for each physical book in a library's possession - and only
             | while the physical copy was not lent.
             | 
             | This is as far away from "giving away infinite copies to
             | anyone" as it could be.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | While I agree with your point, there is some nuance
               | because transfers can be nearly instantaneous. Physical
               | books have to be transported to and from the library. CDL
               | is as if we all lived in the same library and could
               | shelve/swap books with anyone at any moment and only have
               | to wait when there is a queue.
        
               | dark-star wrote:
               | That's what the internet does: it makes things that took
               | days or weeks before (nearly-)instantaneous. If I have
               | 100$, I can lend them to someone (via paypal or
               | whatever), and when I get them back, I can immediately
               | give them out again. I don't have to wait for them to
               | physically go to my place (or a bank) and return cash.
               | 
               | If your whole defense hinges on "borrowing books has to
               | have an inherent delay of X hours/days/weeks before they
               | can be given out again", that's a very weak point in
               | today's day and age. It's like saying "sending mails is
               | bad because it is nearly instantaneous, and you don't
               | have to wait for the postman to deliver your letter".
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | As an author it means my book is less likely to be
               | purchased directly by impatient library patrons.
        
             | altruios wrote:
             | Just for the sake of argument, let us say infinite copies
             | kills all profit drive to make a book. What kind of books
             | still get written? There is an argument for the quality of
             | books being made increasing due to only books that have
             | true passion for the sake of sharing being produced under
             | this system... art for the sake of itself, not for the sake
             | of profit.
             | 
             | If your only determining factor for writing a book is to
             | make and profit off of 'valuable intangibles', then I get
             | the ick, just personally for me.
             | 
             | I'm not arguing for more starving artists, I'm arguing art
             | and capitalism don't mix (see AI for further validation of
             | that position).
        
               | healsdata wrote:
               | I think that argument is pretty naive. The only books
               | that would still get made are those from people
               | privileged enough (money and time) to write books.
               | 
               | You'll get way more ghost-written biographies from
               | celebrities and hot takes from politicians.
        
               | Cpoll wrote:
               | I think writing a book to make money is itself pretty
               | naive. There's already a bit of privilege involved in
               | being able to devote time to writing, and in many cases
               | make attempts for years before getting published to
               | modest revenue.
               | 
               | A lot of people start writing books despite knowing those
               | odds and outcomes.
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | Yep. This isn't a dichotomy between unscrupulous trend
               | chasers vs passionate _artistes_ writing masterpieces
               | just for the love of it. There are plenty of people who
               | would _like_ to make their living selling creative works
               | that they 're passionate about, but there's only a finite
               | amount of time in the day, and bills need to be paid.
               | It's fairly well known that being an author or musician
               | is a difficult career, and this is obviously a bad thing
               | for artistic expression. It biases cultural output
               | towards the financially privileged, or those who pander
               | to those who will sponsor them
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | Who are we to decide books made for profit are not good?
               | In fact many of my favorite books were clearly made in an
               | attempt to trade my money for enjoyment, and were better
               | because of that since they were made with the readers
               | satisfaction as a goal.
               | 
               | Plus there are plenty of people who do it for the art
               | even if they get paid, but the payment makes themselves
               | better off and allows them to continue their work.
               | 
               | Like capitalism allows many authors to be able to create
               | their intended art and find an audience, with both
               | artistry and the desire to make money. And it's not like
               | writing a book is easy, so the money is also extra
               | motivation.
        
             | stroupwaffle wrote:
             | A lot of the material I checked out on IA was older books
             | still in copyright, but no longer published. And physical
             | copies get warn over time. Existing knowledge should remain
             | accessible. Publishers do not act in the best interest of
             | authors, they squeeze higher percentages from them just
             | like any other content distribution platform.
        
               | Ensorceled wrote:
               | If IA had fought _that_ fight ... dealing with copyright
               | holders who have stopped publishing and made this content
               | unavailable, they would have had more support at every
               | step of the way.
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | giving a way copies != lost sales.
        
           | zajio1am wrote:
           | > The copyright goalposts have moved so far past where they
           | were originally, the people who work very hard can be dead
           | for decades and their works still in copyright, and by the
           | time they are dead for 70 years
           | 
           | Note that copyright lasting 50 years after the author's death
           | was already in Berne Convention from 1886. Some (but not all)
           | of these extensions in US were just adaptation of older
           | weaker US copyright to international conventions.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | You're taking an extreme and ultimately wrong position.
           | 
           | The the name of this nonsense, the Internet Archive damaged
           | itself, perhaps mortally and damaged the concepts it stands
           | for. Archives should be run by boards of archivists and
           | librarians, not reckless activists.
        
         | msla wrote:
         | CDL is how physical libraries work: They buy a book and then
         | lend it out multiple times to multiple people, on a one-in one-
         | out basis, who then do not have to buy the book themselves.
         | They even repair books to avoid purchasing new ones again. Do
         | you think physical libraries harm the people who bring books
         | into being?
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Physical libraries lend actual physical objects. They don't
           | copy anything. This is a copyright case.
        
             | msla wrote:
             | The effect on authors is the same: A book is circulated
             | multiple times after being bought once.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | That's not how the law works. Again: this is a copyright
               | case.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | "The only moral laws are my laws."
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Who is this a quote from, and who is talking about "moral
               | laws?"
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | I don't think people here are confused about how the law
               | works. I think many people here feel the law _shouldn 't_
               | work that way.
               | 
               | Stating it explicitly: while the NEL was dubious, CDL
               | _should_ have been 100% legal, and it 's a massive
               | disappointment to see it ruled against.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Maybe a case with a better fact pattern (for instance:
               | lending only books without competing publisher epubs)
               | might have had a better chance, but I think people are
               | getting themselves tied up in knots about IA's intent,
               | which is just one factor in a fair-use analysis. The law
               | cares deeply about _copies_ , not about circulation or
               | access.
               | 
               | Further: it seems weird to blame judges for applying what
               | is in fact very straightforward law. Seems like your
               | problem is with Congress!
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | Fair use is not "very straightforward law", and is
               | deliberately a fuzzy line; I do in fact think CDL
               | _should_ have passed a fair-use analysis. _Separately_ I
               | also think the law should improve.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | In which part of this case were the judges required to
               | stretch at all? The decision is conveniently broken down
               | across the 4-part fair use test.
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | It seems like you're making a "what happened" argument in
               | response to a "what should have happened" argument. It's
               | possible to make an argument in favor of this being fair
               | use, and it's possible to make an argument against fair
               | use. The (subjective) decision here was the latter; it
               | doesn't preclude the possibility of the former. I'm not
               | arguing that it was a stretch to say "no"; I'm arguing
               | that it _also_ wasn 't a stretch to say "yes".
               | 
               | In terms of the fair use argument that _could_ have been
               | made, the Internet Archive 's CDL obviously failed
               | "nature of" and "amount and substantiality of", but I
               | think it did _not_ inherently fail  "purpose and
               | character" or "effect of the use", despite the decision
               | saying it did.
               | 
               | In terms of concrete legal changes that could and should
               | happen: "right of first sale" should be updated for
               | digital, and include both "right to do format-shifting"
               | (e.g. scanning physical to digital) and "right to lend
               | copies digitally" (just like first-sale already
               | explicitly allows physically).
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | Are you suggesting that the law reflects an entrenched,
               | emotional celebration of an antique, traditional notion
               | of a library, and not something rational and consistent
               | about lending, copyright and the economics of writing?
               | Apostasy! I want this conversation to only be strictly
               | about what the case law says, so that I may tell you
               | about it "again" and again!
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | No, the problem is that the preceding analysis is a
               | category error, in that it assumes the law has a purpose
               | of minimizing the circulation of an individual book. It
               | does not, which is why traditional libraries weren't
               | threatened by it.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | I don't know, it doesn't take a genius or a law degree to
               | understand that maintaining a one to one ratio of
               | physical copies to digitally lent books is the same shit
               | as a regular library but more convenient. It stands to
               | reason that the law shouldn't preclude technological
               | advances that make libraries more convenient. The reason
               | traditional libraries aren't threatened by the law is
               | cultural. There are states that ban books my dude, it's
               | all cultural.
               | 
               | I wonder why judges are anti-library. Although I can
               | understand why they are generally anti-technology: the
               | law school people have a lot of beefs, and beefs with the
               | compsci people rank highly. And before you start telling
               | me all the reasons why "beefs" aren't a central part of
               | the character of judges and therefore law in this
               | country, you should maybe read more about guys like
               | Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Judges aren't anti-library. People care a lot less about
               | "compsci" culture than "compsci" people think they do. We
               | simply aren't that important.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | > Judges aren't anti-library.
               | 
               | Some are now!
        
           | usr1106 wrote:
           | But judges and/or legislators might not have fully arrived in
           | the internet age yet?
           | 
           | I would also see a difference whether the activity is for
           | profit (Google earning money with news scraped from
           | Newspapers) and non-profit (IA and physical libraries).
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | > Do you think physical libraries harm the people who bring
           | books into being?
           | 
           | Yes, actually, I do. But the public benefits of libraries
           | outweigh the harm it does to authors. But, the fact that I
           | can buy a book once, and pass it between 50 friends to read
           | feels unfair to the author who effectively makes no money off
           | of the work.
        
             | andybak wrote:
             | So, lending a book to a friend is wrong? Or just doing that
             | when your have more then x friends?
             | 
             | I'm genuinely not sure what you're saying here.
        
           | EarlKing wrote:
           | A physical library does not involve making a copy, but
           | lending out an existing physical copy. One book, one reader.
           | "Controlled Digital Lending" literally involves making and
           | transmitting a copy to another physical medium
           | electronically. Brewster has endangered the good work done by
           | people at the archive for a case he was never going to win
           | and which was of dubious value. If he wants to be the next
           | Anna's Archive then he should drop all pretense and go do
           | that... but leave the archive to do what the archive is meant
           | to do.
        
             | Kerrick wrote:
             | Does this case's effect on CDL mean that a library could
             | still buy a huge stack of ultra-cheap eBook readers, load
             | each one up with their one copy of a given book, and then
             | lend out the physical readers?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Presumably not, because the same copies would be created.
               | This wasn't a case that hinged on DRM or content
               | protection. IA was _making copies_ , lots of copies, and
               | that's an action governed by copyright law; it's right
               | there in the name.
               | 
               | All that aside: if you have 1:1 physical books anyways,
               | what is the reader accomplishing here? Just loan out the
               | book.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | No, but I suspect the licensing on the ebooks already
               | forbids transferring the physical reader the book is on
               | to another person.
        
             | cmiles74 wrote:
             | Still, under the CDL it is only one book, one person. This
             | is significantly different from a site like Anna's Archive.
        
               | EarlKing wrote:
               | No, it isn't. They're issuing a copy to the reader for
               | the duration of their checkout. Your argument might hold
               | some weight if they scanned a book, destroyed the book,
               | and then deleted the book from their own servers every
               | time it was lent out... but that's not how CDL works.
               | What they're doing is unambiguously copying.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | They aren't lending the physical book and the digital
               | book simultaneously; there's only ever one "book" lent.
               | To my mind this is materially different from sites like
               | Anna's Archive.
        
             | LunaSea wrote:
             | That is incorrect. Libraries regularly scan and OCR books
             | to make them digitally accessible and searchable.
             | 
             | I hope the likes of the Library of Congress are ready to
             | shutdown their online services.
        
               | EarlKing wrote:
               | Digitally accessible and searchable on site, not on
               | line... unless you're saying the Library of Congress
               | makes *in copyright* works available on line to all
               | comers?
        
             | jhbadger wrote:
             | It does when the physical library is loaning an ebook -- it
             | works on exactly the same principal as CDL -- library owns
             | ebook, library loans out to one user the ebook -- that's
             | why there is often a wait list when trying to check out
             | ebooks from a real physical library. In fact, even the same
             | DRM system is used to prevent the user from keeping the
             | ebook after the loan is up -- Adobe's Digital Editions.
        
               | jonny_eh wrote:
               | Libraries have different contracts with book publishers
               | for eBooks. IA didn't have any contracts with any
               | publisher.
               | 
               | See: https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1135639385/libraries-
               | publishe...
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | This is why I stopped donating to IA, and I will not donate
         | until they get new leadership.
         | 
         | I'm a very big supporter of a lot of what IA does, but I feel
         | if I donate, my money is just going to fund more and more legal
         | defenses because Brewster Kahle is being stubborn, and I'm
         | afraid it's going to lead to the entire Archive being shut
         | down.
         | 
         | I've mentioned this before, but there are lots of cases where
         | IA will let you download full video games for the switch that
         | are still being actively sold [1]. The same applies to a lot of
         | movies and TV shows, available via torrents no less.
         | 
         | Before someone gives me a lecture about data harboring laws and
         | fair use, I know that it is technically on the copyright holder
         | to issue takedown requests for infringing material, but even
         | still, I think they'd be smart to be a bit proactive about
         | this. If _I_ know that the Internet Archive is an easy place to
         | get pirated material, then I 'm quite confident that their
         | staff does as well. If there's even one employee email that
         | implies that they know about pirated content but didn't bother
         | taking it down, then I think that's grounds for a lawsuit
         | (though I'm not a lawyer).
         | 
         | Much as I respect him for founding IA, I think that Kahle needs
         | to be replaced as a leader.
         | 
         | [1] I'm not going to link it here because I'm not sure HN's
         | policy on potentially legally dubious material, but it is not
         | hard to find.
        
           | jrflowers wrote:
           | > IA will let you download full video games for the switch
           | that are still being actively sold [1]
           | 
           | I am not seeing that anywhere. I see a file called "My
           | Nintendo Switch games collection" and it is a big jpeg photo
           | of a bookshelf. Is this what you mean?
        
             | opan wrote:
             | It's harder to find them than I expected, but one search
             | with a result is "super mario wonder nsp". I had the
             | advantage of knowing the format(s) Switch game dumps come
             | in, though, so the average person might not find much.
        
             | 0x1ch wrote:
             | I'm heavy into the tracker and open water scenes.
             | 
             | IA is most certainly holding some amount of content that is
             | copyrighted and currently sold like they mentioned. It's
             | just not easy to find.
        
               | jonny_eh wrote:
               | > IA is most certainly holding some amount of content
               | that is copyrighted and currently sold like they
               | mentioned. It's just not easy to find.
               | 
               | You could say the same of YouTube. As long as they take
               | down copywritten works when asked, they should be fine.
        
           | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
           | I will admit that I am personally on the fence. I knew for a
           | while that IA was in legal crosshairs and I actually
           | encouraged people to donate to it on this very forum. I am
           | not sure it is fair to stop donations over one
           | miscalculation. Their core mission remains in place and IA is
           | more important to the ecosystem than wikipedia. Not to
           | mention, with this appeal lost, it is not unlikely other
           | entities will try take IA out.
        
             | mixologic wrote:
             | Fair though to hesitate over donating if you believe that
             | your donations are not going to go towards the valueable
             | core mission, and instead be misdirected to ill advised
             | legal crusades.
        
           | dark-star wrote:
           | > IA will let you download full video games for the switch
           | that are still being actively sold
           | 
           | That's a weak argument that is the same as saying "BitTorrent
           | is bad because you can download illegal stuff" or" file
           | hosters should be banned because I found $illegal_thing on
           | this one"
           | 
           | Yes, a free upload service will get abused. And yes, they are
           | very quick to take these kinds of warez downloads offline
           | _when someone notifies them_.
        
         | fngjdflmdflg wrote:
         | You also forgot the national emergency library thing which only
         | made his position more unworkable with current copyright law.
        
         | Sysreq2 wrote:
         | We've been here before: you can't punish someone into being
         | your consumer. Someone who wants your product at the price you
         | offer it will ultimately pay for it. Short sighted business
         | decisions ultimately hurt the industry more than accepting the
         | need to change your business model.
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | I think you misunderstand the situation. If you haven't read
         | the lawsuit [1] I suggest you look through it.
         | 
         | Basically, there is an established practice for lending printed
         | books: the library buys a book and lends it to patrons without
         | permission from the copyright owner.
         | 
         | However, publishers believe that digital books are different
         | from physical books and established practice doesn't apply to
         | them; they believe that lending should be made at publishers'
         | terms, to be specific:
         | 
         | - only "academic libraries" (chosen by publishers) may lend
         | digital books
         | 
         | - they may lend them only to the members, for example, only
         | students of the university, not to random people
         | 
         | - library must buy a special "library license", which might
         | have arbitrary price and arbitrary terms
         | 
         | - the license has a limited term: sometimes it is 1-2 years,
         | sometimes it is 26 lendings, after which the library must
         | purchase a new license
         | 
         | - the library must use publishers-approved DRM which might not
         | work on some devices
         | 
         | To enforce these rules publishers use DRM that prevents anyone
         | from buying a digital book and lending it to other person
         | (which was possible with digital books). So, in publishers view
         | new technology means new rules and new opportunities.
         | 
         | The IA found a workaround: they bought physical books, scanned
         | them and lent those digital copies instead of a physical book,
         | provided that only one user can read the same book at the same
         | time. They acted like a library but using remote access to a
         | digital copy. The lender might read the book on IA's website
         | enforcing the terms of use or download a DRM-protected PDF.
         | 
         | The lawsuit is about whether IA actions are legal or not (i.e.
         | if digital books may be lent like physical books). Given that
         | in future there will be less and less physical books, if
         | publishers win, it will mean that libraries will not be able to
         | lend contemporary books at the same terms and costs they lent
         | physical books.
         | 
         | There are several complications: dubious partnerships by IA
         | with libraries to increase the number of lent simultaneously
         | copies; dubious decision to remove limits during COVID
         | pandemic. However, there are facts that play in IA favour:
         | there are precedents when making digital copies was considered
         | legal (by Google Books), and there are a 17 US Code 108 [2] and
         | 109 [3], which allows some exemptions from copyright for
         | libraries and archives.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23723923-hachette-v-...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/108
         | 
         | [3] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/109
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Buckminster Fuller: "You never change something by fighting the
       | existing reality. To change something, build a new model that
       | makes the existing model obsolete."
       | 
       | This is why we need the World Wide Scroll. A decentralized,
       | offline first, successor to the web. I already built the damn
       | thing and it works. Just need some liquid methane for propulsion.
       | Buy a folder, help us start a peaceful revolution.
       | https://wws.scroll.pub/
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | Whole thing should be obvious if you tried something else too.
       | Like say DVD movies, rip them on free service and then only
       | stream 1 copy at time... Surely that should be allowed as well?
       | 
       | Why not music too, go out buy cds or vinyls, rip single one and
       | now however many bulk copies you have you can stream at one time?
       | 
       | Software gets bit more messy as it needs to be installed, but why
       | not share saas seats, just somehow enforce single concurrent
       | user...
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | It is not clear if this user knows about mediatheques.
        
       | sentrysapper wrote:
       | > permitting the digital library would "allow for widescale
       | copying that deprives creators of compensation and diminishes the
       | incentive to produce new works."
       | 
       | What a sad, neoliberal ideological ruling collectively holding us
       | back.
       | 
       | Providing rental access does not directly deprive compensation.
       | Loans provide access to information, which can have profound
       | socio-economic benefits.
        
       | Glyptodon wrote:
       | They should go for the route of letting people view webcam
       | streams that look at physical book pages. Just need a camera per
       | page or two.
        
         | gdw2 wrote:
         | Sounds like a similar concept to Aereo
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aereo)
         | 
         | > Aereo leased each user an individual antenna and DVR situated
         | in a remote warehouse that they could access over the Internet,
         | allowing subscribers to view live broadcast television and to
         | record the broadcasts for later viewing.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Url changed from
       | https://twitter.com/PublishersWkly/status/183135757036549737...,
       | which points to this.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related URLs (from threads we merged hither) in case of interest:
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/4/24235958/internet-archive-...
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/story/internet-archive-loses-hachette-...
       | 
       | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/major-book-publishers-defeat-...
       | 
       | https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/internet-archive-digita...
        
       | puppycodes wrote:
       | What a disgusting lawsuit. I struggle to beleive in the "lost
       | profits" these publishers "suffer" from. Libraries, digital and
       | physical alike are incredible and neccessary institutions that
       | deserve our support.
        
       | thimabi wrote:
       | At this point, the Internet Archive should consider simply moving
       | to another jurisdiction. Decisions like this are a shame, because
       | they hinder a proper way to deal with piracy.
       | 
       | Physical libraries compete with book sales too, but of course
       | libraries are lawful. Why should digital libraries be treated
       | differently? Because there are ways to circumvent DRM on Internet
       | Archive books? Well, there are ways to bypass DRM on sold ebooks,
       | too.
       | 
       | Perhaps IA's greatest mistake was to allow unrestricted lending
       | during the pandemic. If it had kept its original mission, maybe
       | things would not have ended up like this.
        
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       (page generated 2024-09-04 23:00 UTC)