[HN Gopher] The largest dam removal in US history is complete
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       The largest dam removal in US history is complete
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2024-09-04 00:56 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | I am not sure that dam removal is the right decision for every
       | dam, but it seems like there is a movement in that direction. A
       | lot of what I hear locally when people push for dam removals
       | seems like emotional activism rather than rational thinking.
       | Losing hydroelectric power, facing renewed flooding seasons,
       | losing easy navigation, etc. may not actually be an overall
       | positive change.
       | 
       | And the goals feel arbitrary - like when people say they want to
       | "restore the environment", I wonder why it makes sense to restore
       | it to any particular particular point in time when all these
       | rivers have changed over time. In other cases, where the goal is
       | restoring fish populations, there are alternative methods of
       | helping the fish population and a dam removal seems like a very
       | expensive method with other risks.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | AIUI these dams have a limited lifetime either way. Giving the
         | natives and activists what they've been fighting for is a sort
         | of consolation prize for something that was a cheaper option
         | than proper repairs/maintenance.
         | 
         | What I wonder is how long before new dams are being built in
         | their place. Maybe after all the ailing bridges have been
         | fixed, and there's another pile of federal money desperate for
         | "green infrastructure" projects to be spent on...
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | Since the time that many of those dams that are worth
           | demolishing for poor repairs/maintenance the federal
           | government has also made it harder to get permits to build
           | new dams. They require more environmental studies up front.
           | They require more study of downstream effects. Things like
           | salmon, which are very sensitive to changes in river
           | conditions, now have to be taken into effect earlier in
           | planning stages and it is a growing requirement that any
           | river to be dammed that include salmon hatcheries now has to
           | plan for sub-projects like salmon runs (or with certain
           | exceptions salmon cannons).
        
         | hooverd wrote:
         | I'd say the stated goal of improving the river ecosystem was a
         | success.
        
           | Gormo wrote:
           | What does "improving the river ecosystem" mean?
        
             | 83 wrote:
             | This is largely addressed by the article. Improved
             | biodiversity (more fish, more native vegetation and the
             | bugs/wildlife that go with it) as well as improvement of
             | the water itself like the elimination of dangerous algae
             | blooms.
             | 
             | From the article: The dams also had a severe impact on
             | water temperature and quality - growth of toxic algae
             | behind two of the dams resulted in health warnings against
             | water contact.
             | 
             | Also from the article: "where we've seeded is green, we're
             | seeing flowering plants teeming with life. I counted eight
             | different butterflies in the areas we hand-seeded. There's
             | moths, hoverflies, bees, birds. It's been a really exciting
             | first year."
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | There are many small dams that are at end of life and no longer
         | worth replacing. The company that owned this dam was in favor
         | of removing it.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | Many of the primitive hydropower dams built a century or more
         | ago have a production capacity which is negligible by modern
         | standards. The two dams removed from the Elwha river here in
         | Washington were the lowest and third-lowest producers in the
         | state; the capacity lost by decommissioning them was utterly
         | overwhelmed by the new wind and solar capacity added in a
         | single year.
         | 
         | I don't recall precisely how much power the Klamath dams
         | generated, but when I looked it up, though the numbers were
         | larger, the overall situation was similar: the hydro capacity
         | California lost was inconsequential given the growth in other
         | renewable sources.
         | 
         | It's not so much that the river needs to be restored to a
         | particular point in time as that the river needs to actually
         | _be_ a river and not a lake, if it is to support a river-
         | dependent ecosystem. Water temperature, flow rate, presence of
         | shallows, shade, woody debris, and so forth are all
         | environmental elements which have a large effect on the
         | viability of a habitat for keystone species like salmon. You
         | can 't just fake it with fish ladders.
        
         | briankelly wrote:
         | You should check out Cadillac Desert. Many dams in the US were
         | built with no rationale beyond capturing federal infrastructure
         | funds by local politicians and resume driven development on the
         | part of the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Land
         | Reclamation.
        
           | mechagodzilla wrote:
           | It was a pretty eye-opening book. I think most people assume
           | individual dams provide far more value than they often do in
           | practice.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | I agree- but I don't think anyone is saying it is right for
         | every dam. However, a lot of dams probably just aren't worth it
         | on net when you do consider all of the factors, and massively
         | decreasing prices of alternatives.
         | 
         | There aren't really solutions for migratory fish that support
         | the kind of populations the rivers supported without dams...
         | especially the ancient and poorly designed dams already in
         | place. For example historical estimates are that ~16 million
         | salmon migrated in the Columbia river despite being a major
         | food source for a large number of Native Americans over a
         | massive area. Nowadays, with every practical measure in place,
         | lot of hatcheries, and almost no fishing those numbers are only
         | up to ~1 million.
         | 
         | Obviously we're probably not going to return to ~16 million,
         | but the impacts of not doing so are widespread and far lasting-
         | for example salmon coming upstream are historically a major
         | source of nitrogen for the forests in the northwest, and
         | without them long term, the forests will be something
         | substantially different and diminished - with far reaching
         | impacts on the entire ecosystem and many other resources of
         | value to humans[1].
         | 
         | Gradual loss of the deep soil and peat from those forests also
         | causes flooding and drought as the soil no longer stores large
         | amounts of moisture that is slowly released over the dry
         | season- e.g. ecological changes from dams may in the long term
         | actually make flooding and drought more severe rather than
         | less.
         | 
         | [1] "total annual growth per unit forest area (m2*ha-1*yr-1)
         | was more than three times higher at spawning sites relative to
         | reference sites"
         | 
         | https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890...
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > A lot of what I hear locally when people push for dam
         | removals seems like emotional activism rather than rational
         | thinking.
         | 
         | It's more maintenance and liability transfer, but
         | environmentalism gets more clicks. A lot of these dams are
         | small, old, and poorly designed even by the standards of the
         | day. They provide a negligible amount of electricity by today's
         | standards. And, if they fail, they'll do a lot of damage.
         | 
         | Removing them isn't really up for much debate. The question is
         | always "Who pays for the removal?"
        
       | reader_x wrote:
       | I lived and worked in Oregon in the early 90s, and this is huge
       | news. I'll admit I'd gradually let cynicism overtake hope this
       | outcome was possible. Now on East Coast, interesting to me that
       | I'm first reading about this from BBC News and not US east coast
       | media, which I believe has never appreciated the scale or
       | importance of these land use decisions.
        
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       (page generated 2024-09-04 23:02 UTC)