[HN Gopher] Mondragon as the new city-state
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mondragon as the new city-state
        
       Author : jinjin2
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2024-09-03 19:06 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.elysian.press)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.elysian.press)
        
       | svieira wrote:
       | Another take on this kind of subsidiarity approach is Joel
       | Salatin's "Memorandum of Understanding" which he talks about in
       | detail in "Stacking Fiefdoms":
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbJc8i5B9RU
        
       | sturmbraut wrote:
       | I read about Mondragon in Pickety's works. That's why I went to
       | Mondragon. I was deeply disappointed, the city and the
       | surroundings look very sad. It reminded me a lot of the former
       | DDR (german "democratic" republic which was under russian
       | control).
        
         | ladyanita22 wrote:
         | It's located in Spain, a country not known for its vast wealth.
         | Plus, it's in a special administrative region in Spain, the
         | Basque Country. They enjoy subsidies and favorable treatment
         | from the regional government.
        
           | user-one1 wrote:
           | Basque country is one of the richest regions in Spain, which
           | is already a highly developed country. Not sure what you are
           | talking about.
        
             | ladyanita22 wrote:
             | I'm from Spain, so I'm quite sure of what I'm talking
             | about. Spain might be a highly developed country, but its
             | gdp per capita is not too high compared to the likes of
             | Germany, UK, France, Denmark, US, et al.
             | 
             | Basque country is, again, rich because it has an special
             | tax treatment and could be considered a tax heaven to some
             | extent.
        
               | nextos wrote:
               | The Basque Country has a GDP (PPP) of 108 [1]. Higher
               | than France (101), as an average, or Italy (97).
               | 
               | I'd say its a well developed region comparable to
               | Northern Italy. Both were badly hit by the Euro. Had they
               | kept their own currencies, they'd be closer to Sweden or
               | Southern Germany.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.eustat.eus/elementos/tbl0012365_i.html
        
         | PhasmaFelis wrote:
         | Are you saying that Mondragon is a failure because you found
         | the local architecture disappointing?
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | Basque people have a distinct culture. You can often figure out
         | someone comes from there just based on their hairstyle, way of
         | dressing or attitude. They will usually favor practicality and
         | durability over style.
         | 
         | You may think it is sad, they may just think it is the way it
         | should be done and that's it. I don't think you can judge the
         | coop concept based on the impression you got from the city. Its
         | inhabitants may on average feel happier than those where you
         | live.
        
         | nextos wrote:
         | Mondragon is where it started, to raise the standard for
         | disadvantaged workers.
         | 
         | But _lots_ of employees live and work in much nicer spots like
         | the San Sebastian area.
         | 
         | Many engineering and hardware companies all around the Basque
         | Country are owned by Mondragon.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | There is no value without labor.
       | 
       | This was recognized by everyone from Karl Marx to Abraham Lincoln
       | to Adam Smith. Smith even conceded that profit was impossible if
       | workers retain their surplus value, which is exactly the point.
       | 
       | I bring this up because that's what capitalism is: draining the
       | surplus labor value from workers to the capital-owning class. In
       | feudalism, the artistocracy and th emonarchy extracted that
       | value. Jeff Bezos is the new king.
       | 
       | Why do I mention this? Because it wasn't that long ago that this
       | view was universally accepted. The Red Scare post-WW2 spread a
       | lot of damaging propaganda that has led ordinary people to fight
       | for the ultra-rich to have even more money, to their own
       | detriment.
       | 
       | Walmart killing all your local businesses then leaving, leaving
       | you in a food desert with a Family Dollar store maybe. That's
       | capitalism. Locally-owned businesses. That's socialism. Monsanto
       | agribusiness? Capitalism. Family-owned farms? Socialism.
       | 
       | Something like Mondragon shows that large-scale cooperatives can
       | work. And the reason why these sorts of things aren't more
       | prevalent is that laws are passed to make them difficult to set
       | up or outright illegal. Many US states outlaw municipal
       | broadband, for example.
       | 
       | And any country in the last 70 years that even _thinks_ about
       | nationalizing resource extraction finds itself having a coup that
       | nearly always has the CIA 's fingerprints over it.
       | 
       | Or we simply starve them to death under the sanitized euphemism
       | of "economic sanctions" (eg Cuba, Iraq, Venezuela). I really want
       | people to understand that we're not doing this for any moral
       | reason. We're doing it at the behest of Western companies who
       | would prefer to steal the riches of these countries.
       | 
       | Co-operatives can go a lot further than manufacturing too. It can
       | be a solution for housing. Housing cooperatives cut out
       | landlords, who are rent-seeking both literally and figuratively.
        
         | cholantesh wrote:
         | Most likely a message that's lost on anyone offering oblations
         | while facing Cupertino everyday.
        
           | dontlaugh wrote:
           | More importantly, a message lost on an audience who largely
           | is dreaming of being one of the exploiters.
        
             | cholantesh wrote:
             | Yeah, but my blood sugar was pretty low when I wrote that
             | comment so I may have been more sarcastic than necessary.
        
               | dontlaugh wrote:
               | Nothing wrong with sarcasm, obsession with civility is a
               | liberal past time.
               | 
               | I was mildly critiquing the accuracy.
        
         | shafoshaf wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure your economic terms are not what the consensus
         | of professionally trained economists would say.
         | 
         | >>>Locally-owned businesses. That's socialism. There is
         | definitely nothing in the definition of socialism that says
         | everything is locally-owned. Moreover, that can be a way to end
         | up with things like Redlining and other institutional racial
         | issues.
         | 
         | >>>There is no value without labor. The great thing Marx did
         | was show that everything could be converted to a value measured
         | by labor. But, economists afterwards showed that once you have
         | that conversion, you can do it literally with anything. We
         | could have a system based on the number of bumblebees required
         | to build a house. That is a normative judgement that labor is
         | somehow special.
         | 
         | Now, our current implementation of Capitalism is clearly
         | wreaking havoc on our environment. But it has brought the
         | standard of living up across the entire world past a Malthusian
         | cycle of more food means more people, means they eat the food,
         | and we have starvation.
         | 
         | The same can be said for current implementations of Communism
         | all across the globe.
         | 
         | Lastly, cooperatives may be a great solution for a lot of
         | manufacturing and housing challenges. And when you get to the
         | scale of a country, a co-op is just a government, and a
         | capitalistic democracy feels a lot more like a co-op than a
         | dictatorship or authoritarianism even with all its pitfalls. A
         | populous who then really starts to demand through votes that we
         | change to improve the blight of our fellow humans seems an even
         | better place to live, if we can just get there.
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | >>> Locally-owned businesses. That's socialism.
           | 
           | >> There is definitely nothing in the definition of socialism
           | that says everything is locally-owned. Moreover, that can be
           | a way to end up with things like Redlining and other
           | institutional racial issues.
           | 
           | I read the OPs post as an example of propoganda (mega corp -
           | capitalism, small company - socialism) not reality.
        
             | sweeter wrote:
             | Same here. It's to display the hypocrisy of those in power
             | who declare things in their favor as beneficial and those
             | that are not beneficial as harmful and bad.
             | 
             | In reality it's almost the opposite, it's bootstrap
             | capitalism for the little guys, and "socialism" and
             | government handouts for the ultra wealthy. (I put socialism
             | in quotes because this term is extremely commonly misused.)
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | > I'm pretty sure your economic terms are not what the
           | consensus of professionally trained economists would say.
           | 
           | It's an oversimplification to highlight the main point:
           | workers' relationship to the means of production. In
           | capitalism, capital owners own the means of production. In
           | socialism, the workers own the means of production.
           | 
           | IME most Americans not only don't know what socialism is
           | (despite being opposed to it), they don't know what
           | capitalism is either (despite supporting it).
           | 
           | > Now, our current implementation of Capitalism is clearly
           | wreaking havoc on our environment.
           | 
           | It's doing an awful lot more than that. It's pillaging the
           | Global South. It's impoverishing us under the massive weight
           | of housing, medical and student debt. And it's quite
           | literally killing people. People decry the failures of the
           | USSR, for example, but 9 million people die of starvation
           | every year. Why isn't this attributed as a failure of
           | capitalism in the same way?
        
         | calvinmorrison wrote:
         | > There is no value without labor.
         | 
         | is this a serious statement?
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | Not only is it serious, it's the central argument of all
           | political systems since there have been political systems.
        
           | jujube3 wrote:
           | He's a Marxist and believes in Marx's labor theory of value.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value
           | 
           | As wikipedia says, "modern mainstream economics rejects the
           | LTV" (for very good reasons). It leads to some pretty obvious
           | absurdities if you take it seriously. For example, 10,000
           | people digging holes should be more "valuable" than one guy
           | designing a microchip, because hey! The holes take more
           | labor.
        
             | harwoodjp wrote:
             | Your "holes" example is a distortion (simplification and
             | misinterpretation) of Marx's theory.
        
         | RHSeeger wrote:
         | > There is no value without labor.
         | 
         | While this is generally true, it's also not the entire
         | equation. For example, there's no gain without risk.
         | 
         | - When I work for someone else, I am offloading some of the
         | risk to that person/owner. When someone starts a company and
         | hires other people... if the company goes belly up, the founder
         | loses their investment; the workers find another job.
         | 
         | - When I rent from someone else, I am offloading the risk of
         | owning a property to someone else. If I get a job across the
         | country, I don't need to sell my house at a loss to move.
         | 
         | None of this justifies people making insane amounts of money
         | while others are starving. But neither should the worker expect
         | to reap all the benefit unless their also willing to take all
         | the risk.
        
           | sgu999 wrote:
           | > the founder loses their investment
           | 
           | So does the bank, and the state that (more often than not)
           | subsidised said investment through diverse vehicles. If the
           | bank goes belly up, we've seen what happens, we collectively
           | contribute to save them... because we're collectively sharing
           | all the risk of investment in our financialized economies.
           | 
           | I agree that some people don't want risk and others do, but
           | as soon as you start sharing ownership that dichotomy simply
           | disappears.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | Sure, but using tax-payer money to save malfunctioning
             | banks is pretty much the opposite of capitalism.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | > When I work for someone else, I am offloading some of the
           | risk to that person/owner.
           | 
           | Workers generally risk their lives or simply injury. Owners
           | "risk" capital. I put that in quotes because our government
           | is typically set up to rescue failing businesses and by that
           | I mean bailing out the owners. If the business fails, the
           | owner simply has less money or they have to become a worker.
           | 
           | So who is really taking a risk here?
           | 
           | > When I rent from someone else, I am offloading the risk of
           | owning a property to someone else.
           | 
           | We shouldn't treat housing as an investment vehicle. It is
           | shelter and necessary to live. Every level of government is
           | subordinate to the cause of increasing property prices as
           | society increasingly views housing as a vehicle to build
           | generational wealth.
           | 
           | The majority of housing in vienna is state-owned (so-called
           | "social housing"). Any kind of state housing has been
           | successfuly propagandized as a "slum" ("project") but there's
           | no need for that to happen. The UK, prior to Thatcher coming
           | along and dismantling the whole thing, almost completely got
           | rid of landlords simply by being the buyer of last resort for
           | owners that wante dto sell.
           | 
           | > None of this justifies people making insane amounts of
           | money while others are starving
           | 
           | Our economic system is predicated on withholding basic needs
           | for profit.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | What are you suggesting as a better system?
             | 
             | To withold basic needs for profit, you need to be able to
             | provide basic needs in the first place.
             | 
             | All of the alternatives I know of can't even reach that
             | point.
        
               | max_hoffmann wrote:
               | A free market of cooperatives is an alternative. One
               | might call it ,,cooperatism", if it needs a term.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | After some initial mistakes, the Soviet system did
               | provide basic needs. It was inefficient, badly led,
               | conservative, repressive, ultimately undemocratic, and
               | often produced very mediocre output (crappy houses, etc),
               | but it ensured that everyone had food, shelter, work,
               | healthcare, and education.
               | 
               | Neither full-collectivism nor full-capitalism are the
               | final answer.
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | Depends on the field what you risk. Many white collar jobs
             | will not risk their lives or injury, plus nowadays
             | regulations should reduce these extreme risks.
             | 
             | Saying "owner simply has less money" can have many
             | implications on their life. If they choose to put money in
             | a company rather than have a bigger
             | apartment/TV/car/whatever, I find it fair for that to be
             | rewarded a bit.
             | 
             | I think it is disingenuous to think "basic needs" is simple
             | to define, considering that there is no cheap and free
             | energy source (and other resources). For someone living in
             | a warm climate, the basic need for heating in north of
             | Europe will look like a waste.
             | 
             | My opinion is that tax systems are completely outdated and
             | they should use more "asymptotic/exponential/complex
             | formulas". Sure a tax of x % on profit worked 100 years ago
             | when most people were "closer" but with today's growth (of
             | many things), you get too much concentration. But of course
             | that would imply that people understand both tax and math,
             | so most will not demand it.
        
         | aegypti wrote:
         | How much labor were they putting into those 1960s California
         | starter homes!?
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | > In feudalism, the artistocracy and th emonarchy extracted
         | that value.
         | 
         | Feudalism was in some ways a bit kinder, because part of the
         | basic arrangement was the expectation that the nobles would
         | protect the peasantry (for pragmatic that's-where-the-food-and-
         | supplies-come-from reasons, not ethical ones). Capitalism has
         | no such expectations or incentives.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | > There is no value without labor.
         | 
         | Plausible.
         | 
         | But there is very little value without tools. In fact, one
         | could argue that all material progress has been in the form of
         | better and better tools. One person with a combine beats 100
         | people with sickles.
         | 
         | Those tools are necessary for _almost all_ of the value that
         | labor produces.
         | 
         | So if we want those tools, in the real world we need to pay the
         | producer of those tools. (Or make them ourselves, which is
         | possible, but runs into division-of-labor issues.) The people
         | who manufacture combines aren't a charity; they want to receive
         | the value of _their_ work too.
         | 
         | And unless the farmer (or custom cutter) has the money to buy
         | the combine, then there's a third party in the situation - the
         | capitalist, the person who provides the money to buy the tools
         | that will give the increased productivity. That person usually
         | isn't a charity, either. They need to get some return on their
         | money.
         | 
         | But the place where I at least partly agree is this: _The
         | worker who knows how to use the tools is deserves at least part
         | of the value provided by using the tool_. The tool-maker
         | deserves part of the value; the capitalist deserves part of the
         | value; and the worker also deserves part of the value. (If you
         | don 't like the word "deserves", well, without all three
         | parties, the value isn't produced, and none of the three are
         | charities, so if we want the value, we need to give them part
         | of the returns.)
         | 
         | And currently, you can make a very solid case that the worker
         | is getting the short end of the stick. I can't buy "the worker
         | deserves it all". No, the worker does not. But I can agree that
         | workers deserve more than they're getting.
         | 
         | (In the cases where the workers either make their own tools or
         | have the money to buy them, this argument breaks down. But in
         | an industrialized society, that seems to be the exception, not
         | the rule.)
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | > Co-operatives can go a lot further than manufacturing too. It
         | can be a solution for housing.
         | 
         | An interesting example of this in an article published
         | yesterday (a housing/renovation co-op operating in Baltimore).
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/sep/03/wat...
        
       | intalentive wrote:
       | >If the model is a good one, detractors say it can't be
       | replicated outside of the Basque Country, and there's some truth
       | to that.
       | 
       | The author doesn't speculate why, but I'd guess it's partly due
       | to Basque ethnic solidarity. Mondragon sounds a lot like the kind
       | of late 1800s / early 1900s syndicalism that later evolved into
       | Italian fascism and German National Socialism.
       | 
       | Of course, another big "collectivist capitalism" success story is
       | China, which is also fiercely nationalist.
       | 
       | I don't see either of those models working in the West on a large
       | scale any time soon.
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | Now Basque country is not considered "the West"?
        
           | intalentive wrote:
           | >"on a large scale"
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | I've heard this story ever since I was a shit-eating Ron Paul
         | voting right-libertarian. The whole "collectivist success
         | requires ethnic purity" argument. I don't buy it. It is,
         | inevitably, either an excuse to destroy functional collective
         | institutions, an excuse to advocate for ethnic cleansing, or
         | both.
        
           | intalentive wrote:
           | To elaborate on my previous comment: if you want people to be
           | less individualistic and more community-minded, and
           | especially if you want economic organization to be more
           | cooperative, decentralized and bottom-up, then people are
           | going to need to feel a deep sense of buy-in and belonging,
           | and you don't really see that in an undifferentiated mass of
           | atomized "consuming and producing units".
           | 
           | But you do see it among the Amish, and the Basques, and the
           | Boers, and in the kibbutzim, and in families generally,
           | because kin relationships are meaningful among humans and
           | elsewhere in the animal world.
           | 
           | And I'm not arguing that "collectivist success requires
           | ethnic purity", just noticing a correlation. Where you see
           | apparent altruism in economics -- including nepotism in
           | hiring -- you tend to find kin relations.
           | 
           | Probably the game theorists and evolutionary psychologists
           | have figured it out.
        
             | harwoodjp wrote:
             | It's true that, in those groups, a shared ethnic identity
             | enables economic cooperation. But the lack of solidarity
             | you observe is the result of a regime of coercion. The
             | official policy: leave your neighborhood, family, friends,
             | and passions for 40+ hours a week to build a capitalist's
             | business. You have to do it to survive. And the police are
             | there to make sure revolts don't break out.
        
         | mikojan wrote:
         | The importance of "leftist" fascism is overplayed.
         | 
         | "Socialism" back then, much like "Human Rights" today, was
         | generally associated with what is morally right. It was not an
         | ideology of extremist groups. Fascism "evolved" from socialism
         | same as everybody and their mother evolved from it.
         | 
         | And because of its dominance, everybody tried to exploit it,
         | too. So you called your organisation "National Socialist Party"
         | and your heads of propaganda copied the rhetoric.
         | 
         | Also, libertarian socialism was nowhere as developed as in
         | Spanish society at that time. This is not the most surprising
         | society to generate Mondragon.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | A thing that is kind of glossed over is: what is "ownership" when
       | we talk about worker-owners at cooperatives?
       | 
       | > The profits generated by each cooperative are put to work for
       | the benefit of the greater whole. Each cooperative gives 14-40%
       | of their gross profits to their division (depending on the
       | division), and another 14% to their parent company. The rest are
       | invested back in the cooperative (60% of net profits),
       | distributed among their employees (30% of net profits), and
       | donated to social organizations in their communities (10% of net
       | profits).
       | 
       | > Workers buy into their cooperative when they become employees,
       | investing up to EUR16,000 into a personal equity account. They
       | pay 30% of that investment upfront, with the remainder taken out
       | of their paychecks over following 2 to 7 years. After two years
       | with the organization, workers become "members" and start earning
       | interest on their investment at a rate of at least 7.5% annually.
       | If the cooperative does well, they might earn much more than
       | that. Workers can pull this money out of their accounts when they
       | leave the cooperative or retire.
       | 
       | ... so it's _not_ ownership, right? It 's profit-sharing while
       | you're an employee (the "interest" the worker gets is out of that
       | 30% of net profits discussed previously), but you don't own
       | shares in the company that you can then sell, like an employee
       | who receives an RSU or receives and exercises an option.
       | 
       | In some sense, corporate employees that get some form of equity
       | as part of their compensation are more literally worker-owners. I
       | think the problem with American companies that have an employee
       | stock plan is that the employee stock pool is a small slice of
       | the total ownership, and employees don't participate in any real
       | democratic governance. Despite being shareholders, they get far
       | less information about the financial health or strategic position
       | of the company than investors with board seats. Real partial
       | ownership doesn't lead to real power or access to information.
       | And the aim of the company is still to serve the larger
       | investors, not the workers.
        
         | metabagel wrote:
         | I think that more important than ownership is the purpose of
         | the company. Most companies have the purpose of making money.
         | Few have a purpose which includes contributing to quality of
         | life, unless that's something which can be sold for a profit.
        
           | devman0 wrote:
           | Not just making money, but making more money than they did
           | last year, forever.
           | 
           | Like a company can't just be cool with the fact that they
           | serve a profitable market niche and gainfully employ people.
           | Investors need capital gains and won't just be satisfied with
           | getting reliable dividends!
           | 
           | Stock buy backs ruined corporate governance...
        
         | glutamate wrote:
         | A workers cooperative is owned by its _current_ workers. Are
         | you going to argue that consultancies and law firms are not
         | really owned by their _current_ partners, either?
        
           | max_hoffmann wrote:
           | Profits belong to the people who create them, not to people
           | who used to work at the same company in the past. Expecting
           | future employees of a company to work for ex-employees in the
           | future is unfair. Having worked for a company, doesn't
           | entitle anyone to remain on the paycheck until death, despite
           | not working there anymore.
        
         | sgu999 wrote:
         | > In some sense, corporate employees that get some form of
         | equity as part of their compensation are more literally worker-
         | owners.
         | 
         | As soon as a worker leaves or sells their shares, these shares
         | aren't worker-owned anymore and the interests of their owner
         | can quickly diverge from the ones of a worker. That's roughly
         | what a coop fixes I think.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | I can kinda see how one can argue that this is a feature
           | rather than a bug, but I still think this points to the more
           | distinctive feature in these coops being democratic
           | governance of workers rather than ownership.
           | 
           | I own shares of past companies I've worked at, but I don't
           | have any representation in how the company is run. It doesn't
           | matter if my interests have diverged from current workers,
           | because I have no influence.
           | 
           | If a company compensates its employees partially with RSUs,
           | and those employees own and can eventually transfer those
           | shares freely, and the company was also democratically
           | governed by its workers ... could you not have "real"
           | ownership (by current and past workers) and still protect
           | current workers' democratic governance?
        
             | drewmcarthur wrote:
             | > democratic governance rather than ownership
             | 
             | yes and no, i'd call the distinction collective ownership.
             | you can sell your shares (by quitting), or you can stay and
             | participate democratically. but you can't do both, and that
             | protects your say in the company, preventing investors from
             | overruling worker-owners.
             | 
             | > i have no influence
             | 
             | neither do the current workers. the issue isn't retail
             | investors, but the ones with board seats. if boards only
             | had one seat for an investor, that'd be one thing, but
             | usually workers only get a single seat, if any.
             | 
             | > protect current workers' democratic governance
             | 
             | you could do this with preferred shares, voting shares,
             | etc. investor shares are non voting, voting shares can only
             | be owned by workers, etc. you still have to counter their
             | concentration though.
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | I think we're roughly in agreement?
               | 
               | Any organization that arranges for its workers to govern
               | it has some organizing document that describes this
               | structure. Any organization that arranges for its workers
               | to become owners must pick mechanism for this to happen.
               | My view is that these can be basically independent
               | choices:
               | 
               | - A firm can pursue a profit-sharing-for-current-workers
               | approach as described for Mondragon, or can issue RSUs or
               | options ("real" and transferable ownership)
               | 
               | - And regardless of what "ownership" vehicle they pick,
               | they can still be organized to be democratically governed
               | by its workers (establishment of which need not be
               | dependent on any stipulated "ownership"). I.e. your
               | organizing docs can describe a board composed of current
               | employees, elected by employees, etc.
               | 
               | I am skeptical of the claim that profit-sharing while
               | you're an employee is "ownership" in part because you are
               | incentivized to prefer that the firm take profits _while
               | you work there_. By comparison, if as a worker your
               | vested stake persists even after you leave or retire, you
               | might be much more inclined to vote for large
               | reinvestments this year (and for the next several) which
               | may not yield a profit until after you 've left.
               | Temporary "ownership" may not encourage the same long-
               | term view as ordinary literal ownership.
        
               | max_hoffmann wrote:
               | Cooperatives guarantee that only people working in the
               | company benefit from the profit of their own work. If one
               | can stop working and still take a share from the profits,
               | everyone else would have to not just work for themselves
               | and lose part of their profit to an increasing amount of
               | people, who are not taking part in creating that profit.
               | Cooperative guarantee that profit is owned by the people
               | who create it.
        
             | tmnvix wrote:
             | > ...these coops being democratic governance of workers
             | rather than ownership.
             | 
             | So who are the owners if not the workers?
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | Not all that different from shares in a private company, or an
         | interest in a partnership or multi-member LLC. Many corporate
         | shareholders cannot freely sell; the idea of being able to sell
         | stock for cash whenever you want to is unique to _public_
         | companies.
         | 
         | And yes, the real problem is information asymmetry. This is
         | always the real problem. Arguably the secretary who knows
         | everything that's going on with the company via watercooler
         | talk has more power than the CEO whose underlings tell him only
         | what he wants to hear. A lot of corporate owners, even powerful
         | shareholders like the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, have been
         | bilked by unscrupulous but savvy management who knows how to
         | control information flow.
        
         | howard941 wrote:
         | When they leave or retire how are the earnings taxed?
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | The difference between Mondragon, the kibbutzim, and other
       | successful examples of collective labor, and the Soviet system,
       | is precisely that the former are not governments, and operate in
       | a capitalist system of property rights and free markets (in a
       | practical rather than spherical cow sense of that term).
       | 
       | I'm all for more cooperatives, it's a good model. Operating in a
       | system which doesn't compel that form of organization is what
       | keeps them honest. Mondragon is a profitable company, emphasis on
       | _profitable_.
       | 
       | The article talks a bit about how, while Mondragon is a pretty
       | good deal for basic labor, they have trouble attracting high-
       | demand talent like engineers, which they also need. In a free-
       | market system, a worker's collective can solve a problem like
       | that, by offering more perks, raising the 'level' for new
       | engineering hires, waiving some amount of the up-front
       | investment, or just getting by through, in effect, paying some of
       | the salary in a nonmaterial reward of belonging to something
       | which better meets some people's sense of ethics and fairness.
       | 
       | That's not how it works when the company you work for is also the
       | police and the military. It's also not how it works when every
       | company is compelled to organize itself this way. That compulsion
       | leads to dysfunction, corruption, cheating, and at the extreme
       | end, gulags.
       | 
       | So let's pass on all that. If you believe that worker
       | cooperatives are a social good, as I do, buy stuff from them.
       | Work for one, found one. It's working so far.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | > The difference between Mondragon, the kibbutzim, and other
         | successful examples of collective labor, and the Soviet system,
         | is precisely that the former are not governments...
         | 
         | I've heard it put as "Socialism works great, as long as the
         | socialist community gets to decide who is included."
        
         | cies wrote:
         | The "soviet system" as you call, started (yes the revolution)
         | with a slogan "power to the soviets". In the slogan the word
         | "soviet" meant "worker coop".
         | 
         | This slogan was abolished when more central planning took over,
         | and the word soviet become more associated with the central
         | govt/ the state.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | I didn't say "soviet system", I said "Soviet system", as in
           | the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I do know what the
           | word means.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | > The article talks a bit about how, while Mondragon is a
         | pretty good deal for basic labor, they have trouble attracting
         | high-demand talent like engineers, which they also need
         | 
         | Perhaps that's not inherent to high-demand talent, but
         | Mondragons current composition and markets. I know a handful of
         | engineering consultancies that are cooperatives in everything
         | but name - and I know _of_ a couple that _are_ legally coops.
        
       | m_ke wrote:
       | It's a shame there's not a YC like incubator for tech worker
       | coops, cut out the VCs and have milestone based funding in
       | exchange for a percentage of future profits that would be
       | reinvested in future projects.
        
         | cies wrote:
         | It's inherent to the way a coop works that it's not possible to
         | follow the same path. There is no 7% equity to be given, only
         | the repayment of a loan. The coop model does not promote taking
         | risk and hence have many fail, yet a few grow very quick.
         | 
         | Another problem is law. At this point it favors the common
         | ownership forms of business. Starting a coop is hence much
         | harder than it should be. This is what i think where the "it's
         | a shame" make most sense. We should make w-coops easier to
         | start and give them tax benefits as they are on the long run
         | much more beneficial/ less detrimental to society.
        
           | jszymborski wrote:
           | I'm not a finance person, but my understanding is that co-ops
           | more often raise capital with traditional loans.
           | 
           | While I believe you are correct that co-ops are not a great
           | fit for the growth business strategy that VCs make their
           | bread and butter on, I believe that on many metrics co-ops
           | tend to be more sustainable than the corporate
           | alternatives[0]. This means they are more likely to be around
           | tomorrow to pay off a loan.
           | 
           | All this to say, it would be great to see more capital for
           | co-ops in the form of traditional loans with favourable
           | interest rates.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/social-enterprise-
           | network/2014/m...
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | Are there countries with legal structures more friendly to
           | worker coops?
           | 
           | For example I know Germany has structures like works councils
           | that are foreign to us in N. America (though this is not a
           | worker coop structure). However these structures historically
           | arise from labor movements, not from top-down planning from
           | authorities or electoral politics, which takes more than
           | thinking up a design for a better society without considering
           | who and why it would be implemented
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | Yeah I'd imagine it would have to be a single holding company
           | that has members join, instead of investing for equity.
           | 
           | So as an example you could have hypothetical opensource.coop
           | that funds open source projects like signoz or posthog,
           | giving the team a year of runway in exchange for a cut of
           | future profits, with follow on funding if certain milestones
           | are reached.
           | 
           | Same could work for "indie hackers" or boostrappers, merge a
           | few successful companies into a holding company that shares
           | office space, accounting, legal and etc, and reinvests a
           | fixed % of profits to seed new projects that apply to join.
        
           | orthecreedence wrote:
           | A possible model is to divide your shares into
           | ownership/control class shares (reserved only for workers)
           | and profit shares which can be bought/sold by third parties.
           | This gives workers ultimate control over the venture while
           | allowing third-party investment. I don't know if this has
           | been implemented anywhere, but it's a possibility. It's not
           | going to fuel explosive growth like VC funds do, but TBH I'm
           | finding as I get more experienced that those types of
           | ventures generally end up being trash dumpsters once the
           | honeymoon phase is over.
        
         | hansonkd wrote:
         | Isn't that almost the opposite?
         | 
         | In a Co-op you put up your own money to buy into a co-op. This
         | is the opposite of VC where an external party joins your org
         | with money.
         | 
         | So a co-op model would only help to serve the already wealthy.
         | 
         | However, maybe it would be interesting to have a co-op for
         | developer resources for example. As in companies or startups
         | can buy into the coop in return for cheaper rates and more
         | vertically integrated team augmentation.
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | Imagine a indie hackers founders cooperative, you take a few
           | successful bootstrapped founders and start a new holding
           | company that shares an office space and has staff to handle
           | legal, accounting and all the other stuff that most engineers
           | hate to deal with.
           | 
           | You offer founders that apply a coworking space and a stipend
           | that can get renewed each year if the members of the coop
           | agree to keep funding it. In exchange the new member commits
           | to giving up 10% of their future profits that get split into
           | an investment budget and dividends.
           | 
           | If a company is failing the members can vote to stop funding
           | them and set them free of the agreement.
           | 
           | If a company needs way more funds and VC route makes more
           | sense you spin it out as a c corp, convert the 10% profit
           | agreement into equity and let them raise funding like any
           | other startup would.
        
       | mempko wrote:
       | For those astute, workers owning the means of production should
       | sound familiar. Mondragon demonstrates that it can scale.
        
       | YossarianFrPrez wrote:
       | It's interesting to read about Mondragon in more detail. I just
       | came across the term in Kim Stanley Robinson's solar-system sci-
       | fi epic "2312." The book (highly recommended) heavily references
       | Mondragon; that's the name for the alliance / co-op of all of the
       | planets and settlements that aren't Earth or Mars.
        
       | conaclos wrote:
       | The anarchist culture of the 1800s and 1900s in Spain, especially
       | the emergence of anarcho-syndicalist structures [0], is certainly
       | one of the reasons for Mondagon's existence.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism
        
         | api wrote:
         | Why aren't there more of these if they work well?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-09-03 23:00 UTC)