[HN Gopher] Athletes and musicians pursue virtuosity in fundamen...
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       Athletes and musicians pursue virtuosity in fundamental skills
        
       Author : JustinSkycak
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2024-09-01 14:10 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (notes.andymatuschak.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (notes.andymatuschak.org)
        
       | dave4420 wrote:
       | Comparing top-tier athletes and top-tier musicians against
       | average knowledge workers will lead to this sort of result.
       | 
       | I suspect that top-tier athletes at least are not spending 40
       | hours a week on training and performing. Writers, too. Musicians
       | I am not sure about.
        
       | cjbenedikt wrote:
       | Speaking from personal experience: tt depends on what level of a
       | musician you aim to become. If you intend to be one of the top
       | classical solo musicians (violin, cello, piano, flue etc.) you
       | will have to practice 8h a day - every day - for years. Even if
       | you "only" aim for a top position on a major orchestra.
        
         | naveen99 wrote:
         | Where are we with robot solo musicians ?
        
           | aithrowaway1987 wrote:
           | If you care about music: at least 100 years, almost certainly
           | much longer. I don't think any of us in this comment section
           | will live to see an AI that truly understands human music.
           | 
           | If you care about money and don't mind making the world a
           | more terrible place: humiliate a few dozen human classical
           | pianists by making them record hundreds of hours of motion
           | capture, invest in engineering a good robo-arm, and I would
           | guess in 5 years you'd have something passable.
        
             | naveen99 wrote:
             | I would think self play and record would be enough to
             | iterate. chess engines don't really need any human games
             | any more and can learn from self play from scratch. I don't
             | see why music would be different.
        
               | necubi wrote:
               | Games are "easy" for reinforcement learning because they
               | have win conditions that can be automatically evaluated.
               | Music isn't really like that.
        
           | Lewton wrote:
           | record players are perfect
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | robot lips are pretty poor. They exist, but not at the point
           | of making brass/wind instruments practical.
           | 
           | most other things can be operated adequately by robots.
           | 
           | But then, you're better off with either synthesisers or
           | direct genAI synthesis.
           | 
           | However I do wonder what the point of offloading the
           | distillation of human emotion to robots is. The whole point
           | of music is that it contains what someone _feels_.
        
           | magnetowasright wrote:
           | Some new Steinway pianos have a 'high resolution player
           | piano' feature where the performances of concert pianists can
           | be played back on your Steinway. Not really a robot soloist,
           | but I thought it was interesting. Not interesting enough that
           | if I suddenly came into Steinway money I'd get one with that
           | feature, though.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | For athletes, everything is less subjective. Diet, gear, tactics,
       | strategies either produces results or they don't.
        
         | l33t7332273 wrote:
         | I disagree. "Results" can pretty hard to quantify in athletics,
         | especially in team athletics. Sure, there is a binary result
         | for a win or loss, but are so many confounders that it can be
         | pretty difficult to determine if a given strategy, diet, or
         | gear is optimal, or even better than another.
        
           | 29athrowaway wrote:
           | When athletes exercise they keep track of series,
           | repetitions, weight, how many miles you are running,
           | distance, times, etc.
           | 
           | If you make an adjustment that enhances your performance you
           | may notice it.
           | 
           | Tactics and strategies are more situational and harder to
           | track because they are not universally superior but rather
           | situational. You can still see results if the athletic
           | performance of the team is enhanced... you can see it in
           | metrics like ball possession and such.
        
       | jitl wrote:
       | The force of competition at work. There are vanishingly few
       | desirable opportunities in music and sport, and many potential
       | contenders who will be selected on their individual skills and
       | performance vying for those spots. Often to put in the hours
       | needed to be competitive you have to also love the game; in all
       | fields including knowledge work I'd speculate the top performers
       | are more likely to enjoy the activity for its own sake than the
       | median performer.
       | 
       | Knowledge work like programming is just much less competitive. In
       | a graduating class of 5000 computer science majors at a good
       | university, I'd be surprised if the majority _fail_ to "make it"
       | to a 100k job and be able to support themselves. Once you secure
       | a spot in the workforce it's pretty easy to hang onto it as an
       | average contributor without much objective measure or comparison
       | against your peers.
       | 
       | Compare to sport, at the same university maybe there are 50 spots
       | on a sports team, and 10 good teams at the school. What percent
       | of kids who start out playing a sport at 10 years old get to have
       | one of those spots, and what percent of those who make the
       | college team go on to make 100k, support their family etc playing
       | the sport?
       | 
       | That competition forces rigor - if I had to compete like that to
       | get a software job, maybe I'd be "practicing scales" on the
       | weekend too, not just when gearing up for interviews.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | They also tend to need objectively measured skills more than
         | knowledge workers. We know what a good batting looks like but
         | we still can't say what good code is in any reasonably
         | objective way.
        
           | wryoak wrote:
           | Since code is primarily for communication between humans, I
           | suppose we should look to the humanities and ask them what
           | good writing is, but therein lay a parallel exercise to one
           | suggested in the article.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | Well written code in one language looks nothing like good
             | code in a different family. They won't even share a similar
             | syntax, grammar or idioms.
             | 
             | The only real lesson to be learned is "write for your
             | audience" in my humble opinion.
        
               | wryoak wrote:
               | A good analogy for how good prose looks different in
               | different languages, to different cultures or
               | professions, etc.
        
             | bluepizza wrote:
             | Code is primarily for execution. It is very important that
             | it also communicates to people, for the sake of the
             | business that the code supports, but the main thing is the
             | execution.
        
               | Gorath wrote:
               | Not intended to be pedantic or contrarian, but I think
               | this falls apart when the code is making sure a signal is
               | sent somewhere (aka communication). If I write a module
               | that allows IPC am I focusing on execution or
               | communication? I understand one can say they were
               | "executing the communication" but at that point we ought
               | to remove execute from the phrase if it has to preface
               | anything you do.
               | 
               | To fully disprove my point, at what point do we never
               | execute something with code so the distinction is even
               | worth mentioning?
        
               | bluepizza wrote:
               | OP talks about asking humans what good code looks like,
               | and that's the scope of my response. Code as a
               | communication tool between developers is not its primary
               | reason to exist.
        
               | wryoak wrote:
               | Then why do we keep code after it has been compiled to a
               | functional executable? Why do we (those of us working on
               | teams) have rules limiting how code is written, or even
               | in what language? Why do we study abstraction strategies
               | like OOP and FP? Codifying and then storing a solution is
               | not a necessity essential to a solution, it's a necessity
               | satisfying an external pressure. My conjecture is that
               | that external pressure is the authors' need to transmit
               | solutions across time (eg to oneself when it stops
               | running for w/e reason) and space (eg to collaborators),
               | so the solution can be read and understood, revised and
               | extended, in the same way we transmit other ideas in
               | natural language prose or other symbolic systems. If we
               | want to treat this outside of the humanities, we need to
               | abandon high level languages like bash and C and return
               | to manipulating registers and memory directly.
        
             | Dove wrote:
             | I say this often. Code is for people, and the qualities of
             | great code parallel those of great writing: clarity,
             | efficiency, and a sort of profound obviousness and
             | inevitability.
             | 
             | The job of software architects is the role Heidegger
             | ascribes to man when he calls us "shepherds of Being". To
             | understand the world as it is, and find the right
             | abstractions to describe it. To constantly evolve those
             | abstractions toward better ones, clearer ones, to seek out
             | ways to represent things that make solutions seem obvious
             | and inevitable.
             | 
             | A mathematics professor once said to me that as time went
             | by, the definitions in mathematics became more complex
             | while the theorems became simpler. "Why is that?", I asked,
             | and he replied, "It's progress!" This is the sort of
             | progress that the software architect seeks as well: to set
             | up the problem so excellently that the solutions are smooth
             | and the process is enlightening.
             | 
             | Great writing, and great code, are first and foremost about
             | great ideas. About brilliant ideas that change how you view
             | the world for the better.
        
             | dbtablesorrows wrote:
             | No. It needs to be treated as engineering if we want any
             | stability and maturity in this field. Humanities are too
             | subjective.
        
           | austin-cheney wrote:
           | Sure we do.
           | 
           | * execution performance time
           | 
           | * build time
           | 
           | * regression frequency
           | 
           | * defect quantity
           | 
           | * code size
           | 
           | * dependency quantity
           | 
           | * test automation coverage
           | 
           | * test automation execution duration
           | 
           | The problem isn't that we don't know. The problem is that
           | developers don't measure things and simultaneously bitch
           | about strong opinions.
        
             | TimTheTinker wrote:
             | At the same time, those criteria are very context-
             | dependent. Thus, great developers are usually only
             | identified as such because of how they perform relatively
             | to others working under a similar context--not because of
             | the above criteria in any universal or objective sense.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Lynx is a lean, efficient, fast-to-compile, low-dependency
             | browser - and has the fewest open defect reports of any
             | major browser.
             | 
             | I'm not sure the metrics you propose capture what makes
             | good software good.
        
               | tjr wrote:
               | Would you say that Lynx is not good software?
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | Absolutely: "good software" has to be useful for its
               | intended purpose. Lynx may be well-written, but it's
               | useless if you want to do most things on the modern web:
               | it just isn't capable of doing them. If you want to use a
               | web browser to, for instance, use your bank's web
               | interface, a buggy browser that can do this is infinitely
               | more useful than a non-buggy browser that simply doesn't
               | have the technical capacity to do so.
        
               | tjr wrote:
               | Is the intended purpose of Lynx to access the "modern
               | web"?
        
               | bravetraveler wrote:
               | +1 it worked well when I required it, eg: reading manuals
               | while recovering a system that lacked a GUI
        
             | bigtex88 wrote:
             | Ok, but then what game is being played according to these
             | metrics? There is no game of "code" like there is a game of
             | "football" or "golf".
             | 
             | Perhaps these metrics matter in some small fields but
             | overall most places that need software could care less
             | about most of these, as long as the business objectives are
             | reached. And the business "winning" relies on more than
             | just the code running its software.
        
               | austin-cheney wrote:
               | Some measures are better than no measures. Crying about
               | what measures to use when you currently have none is just
               | crying. That crying is the biggest distinction between
               | software and all other examples these comments mention.
        
               | nine_zeros wrote:
               | Measuring the wrong metrics is as good as not
               | understanding the sport. It's best if the person
               | advocating the wrong metrics step down.
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | When used to evaluate employee performance (the context
               | here), no objective measures are better than bad
               | measures.
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | You missed the most important ones: how much business
             | benefit does it provide, and how overall expensive is it?
        
             | Dove wrote:
             | These are good attributes for code to have, but I would
             | strenuously disagree that they are what _makes code good_.
             | Harder to measure, but I would say more important, are
             | softer qualities like being clear to read, safe to modify,
             | easy to learn, and above all, solving a valuable problem.
        
               | austin-cheney wrote:
               | Sure, those are important too. Now that you have some
               | application written that solves a valuable problem then
               | how do you assess quality/value objectively? The keyword
               | is objectivity. You have to measure something and compare
               | those measures against something else.
               | 
               | This is why non-developers believe developers are
               | generally hyper-autistic. For most developers everything
               | must be about clear, easy, simple, safe. These are all
               | super subjective self-serving opinions that don't do
               | anything for the product or the labor that builds that
               | product. Product owners will scream about this,
               | developers will pretend to hear it, will immediately
               | discard it, and then repeat the same insanity where they
               | find comfort.
               | 
               | Step back, take a deep breath, understand that it's not
               | about you or what you want, and finally discard the self-
               | serving circular insanity and only focus on measuring
               | your time to complete a task, time for the application to
               | do things, and frequency of user engagement.
        
               | peremptor wrote:
               | I get your point you are being pragmatic, but the reason
               | why I sometimes behave exactly in the way, that you just
               | criticized are those very same product owners.
               | 
               | Example: I have a talk with the PO where we agreed on
               | certain features and certain things that do NOT have to
               | work. Often times when I make decisions during
               | development that rest on the asumption that these certain
               | things dont have to work I later on get told to
               | incorporate them anyways. So I have lost a lot of trust
               | in POs or anyone that is not a developer that tells me
               | how a piece of software is supposed to function.
               | 
               | Example 2: I am currently dealing in my department with a
               | case where a Product Manager talked to a Product Owner
               | and they contractually aggreed with a customer to deliver
               | one of our internal development tools, that are
               | absolutely not ready for production or were ever meant
               | for any customer.
               | 
               | Yes I will be "hyper-autistic" about my code because
               | sometimes I do not have a choice.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | Your metric is a laundry list. (Somewhat unavoidably, at
             | this stage in the development of software development.)
        
             | nine_zeros wrote:
             | > execution performance time
             | 
             | * build time
             | 
             | * regression frequency
             | 
             | * defect quantity
             | 
             | * code size
             | 
             | * dependency quantity
             | 
             | * test automation coverage
             | 
             | * test automation execution duration
             | 
             | Why would these metrics be measured against human engineers
             | when a large amount of these issues should be used to
             | inform how to improve our systems and tooling to help devs?
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | Yet weighing all these factors is decidedly a subjective
             | call. Unless it's something stupid like half an hour for an
             | app that's considerably simpler than a web browser or OS, I
             | would fire any manager who prioritized build time or test
             | execution time over live performance.
             | 
             | Also, "dependency quality" just recursively moves the
             | entire quality criteria to the next level.
        
             | maximus-decimus wrote:
             | You didn't even include "solve the customer's problem" or
             | "has features people care about" or portability. Electron
             | apps are not taking over the world because "execution
             | performance time" is the one true metric by which all code
             | should be judged.
        
               | Kinrany wrote:
               | The first two are product quality, not code quality
        
         | jowdones wrote:
         | >> In a graduating class of 5000 computer science majors at a
         | good university
         | 
         | Jezus Krisztus and people are wondering why there is a job
         | crisis underway. I had to attend my nephew's university
         | graduation this summer and was shocked to see some 500 computer
         | science majors, thinking where will all these people find a
         | job? And you're talking of 5000 as a "sure thing".
         | 
         | Well it ain't no sure thing anymore and graduate inflation
         | surely don't make things better.
        
           | jitl wrote:
           | It's a totally made up number
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | Doing some rough numbers:
         | 
         | There are ~2400 NFL players in the US, which means about 1 in
         | 140k people.
         | 
         | If you figure that 10% of the people care enough about football
         | to make an attempt, then someone who is in the 99th percentile
         | of that group of people--someone I think many people would call
         | undeniably good at the game, then they still have to be at
         | least 99th percentile among _those_ people to actually have a
         | go of making it as a career.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | You're off by an order of magnitude.
           | 
           | There's ~165 million males in the US, but many ex
           | professional football players still alive and some kids who
           | will eventually become football players. I doubt 10% of boys
           | try out for high school or college football, but let's say
           | 10% make even some vague attempt.
           | 
           | Many people play professionally for a very short period, but
           | arbitrarily suppose 1/7th of men are in the age range to play
           | professionally. 165,000,000 / 2400 / 7 / 10 ... So something
           | like 1 out of 1,000 guys who make even a vague attempt end up
           | in the NFL.
           | 
           | More realistically I doubt even 1% of boys ever approached
           | football with serious intentions. Still horrible odds, except
           | there's a lot more athletic scholarships than openings in the
           | NFL.
        
             | joe_the_user wrote:
             | No, your math is cockeyed and the parent is much closer.
             | 
             | "Roughly speaking, there were 1,083,308 high school
             | football players competing, and eventually 251 made it to
             | pro. After simple calculation, we can get that the
             | percentage of student-athletes going pro is approximately
             | 0.023%."
             | 
             | https://u.osu.edu/groupbetaengr2367/junran-add-things-
             | here-f...
        
               | hooloovoo_zoo wrote:
               | That 1M is a 4 year rate and the 250 is a 1 year rate.
               | Additionally you don't have to be drafted to play in the
               | NFL. So it's about 5x that.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | High school lasts 4 years. Some people play for all 4
               | years but if the average is 2 years you're looking at 0.5
               | million people playing for the first time each year.
               | 
               | Most players aren't drafted. The average NFL career lasts
               | 3.3 years. 2400 / 3.3 = 727 new players per year.
               | 
               | 500,000 / 727 would be 1 in 687 or 0.15%.
        
         | biggc wrote:
         | Does a single university with a good reputation graduate 5,000
         | new CS majors per year? Or is that number just for the sake of
         | example?
        
           | jitl wrote:
           | Totally random number, based vaguely around there being 2000
           | enrollments in US Berkeley CS61A per semester. Not nearly
           | that many graduate in CS or EECS, but I couldn't easily find
           | a number.
           | 
           | UIUC awarded 500 ish CS degrees in 2023, so 10x less!
        
         | bigiain wrote:
         | > Once you secure a spot in the workforce it's pretty easy to
         | hang onto it as an average contributor without much objective
         | measure or comparison against your peers.
         | 
         | There's also the weird "success path" that goes from developer
         | to manager. It's as though the end goal of learning to be a
         | concert pianist was becoming a conductor, or perhaps a concert
         | hall manager.
         | 
         | If your "success metric" is earnings, then "The force of
         | competition at work" for knowledge work doesn't necessarily
         | drive you to practice your Rust development "scales" every day,
         | or to be the best Javascript dev in the team - it is probably a
         | better use of your time to be "good enough" at your developer
         | job, and hone your schmoozing and office politics skills to
         | make the jump to better paid non development roles like "chief
         | architect" of "VP in charge of {whatever}" or ultimately CTO or
         | something.
        
         | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
         | That's selection bias, not competitive pressure raising the top
         | level. It's not that professional positions being so few and
         | far between for artists raise the bar. It's that you are only
         | looking at the top of the competent musicians which are
         | actually far more numerous but keep music as a hobby because
         | there is no job there. Take a similar sample of the "best" at
         | anything and you will find similar traits.
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | It varies. If doing quantitative or research work, there is a
       | better pursuit of fundamentals, but even so, it's no more than is
       | necessary. Yet, it is fundamentals that push boundaries, as for
       | example with innovative neural network architectures.
        
       | adelineJoOs wrote:
       | This is something I am currently thinking about. I am a software
       | engineer who also happens to be a amateur musician. I used to do
       | at least 2h of exercise on my instrument for a year, and then not
       | less than that for many years after that. Lots of time I did
       | allocate to fundamentals and standard songs I did not want to
       | lose - and even today, more than a decade after my peak and
       | active time, I have a feeling of where I am skillwise when I
       | comes to those things I practised.
       | 
       | But for software engineering? This seems a lot harder to me. What
       | seems to make most sense to me currently is really high-level
       | stuff like "build up a local dev environment from scratch",
       | "implement a minimal change than is visible in the frontend, but
       | results in a change to the data storage in backend" and "write an
       | integration test". Those seem to touch on many areas of skill and
       | should be "trainable" in some sense, making them a good target of
       | deliberate practice.
       | 
       | Thoughts or experiences anyone? :)
        
         | norir wrote:
         | While learning to write compilers, I would memorize small, but
         | critical, programs like converting a char range, like [a-zA-
         | Z_], in string format into a table or reporting an error if the
         | range was invalid. At my peak, I could implement the function
         | that did this in about 60 lines of Lua in about 3 minutes.
         | 
         | I haven't done exercises like that recently, but I found it
         | helpful at the time.
        
           | galkk wrote:
           | 20-30 years ago that was a role in competitive programming
           | team - fast typer with knowledge of data structures, whose
           | job was exactly that: very fast and bug less writing of them
           | during competition
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | I came to a belief recently that memorization is way too
           | underrated of a skill. Most of programmers, myself included
           | believe that why you should memorize something if you can
           | look it up, but... I'm not really sure by now.
           | 
           | Perhaps we rely too much on our ego that we can come up with
           | everything on the fly where we should instead look into how
           | other crafts did it in the past?
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | I've spent maybe 40-60 hours a week on average programming
         | since I was 15 or so (42 now, but I don't program as much
         | nowadays). I'm very logical in general, so I was naturally
         | drawn to programming, but that's a ton of work to put into
         | something. Software engineering comes easily to me now, from
         | the very high level to the very low level.
         | 
         | I don't know tons of stuff about tons of stuff, but I do have a
         | fairly good sense for how computers work at all levels of the
         | stack, which helps.
        
       | djaouen wrote:
       | The article starts with a legitimate problem but meanders to
       | false or suboptimal solutions. It is true that, for example, when
       | I read a text, I can usually only (consciously) remember a few
       | high-level points. But the solution is not note-taking, spaced
       | repetition, or "Inbox Zero". This might be anecdotal, but I have
       | tried all these and failed to discern any noticeable
       | improvements. One technique the article mentions that might work
       | is Ben Franklin's practice of rewriting a previously read text in
       | one's own words.
        
         | johnnyanmac wrote:
         | Yeah that was probably my primary disagreement. There's no
         | universal fundamental that fits all. And it's been established
         | for a while that generally, continuous active practice (funny,
         | just like athletes and Musicians) will generally yield better
         | results than studying theory and then trying to "perfectly"
         | approach a problem.
         | 
         | Your fundamentals will change per field, and even per-domain. A
         | back and front end web dev will have very different
         | fundamentals.
        
       | Jordan_Pelt wrote:
       | This doesn't seem to take into account that professional athletes
       | and musicians work very few hours in a year. Imagine if
       | programmers were like NFL players, working for four 15-minute
       | sessions, seventeen times a year.
        
         | rrradical wrote:
         | I'm having a lot of trouble understanding your definition of
         | work. Even if you meant perform- most athletes have to perform
         | continuously outside out of games in order to earn minutes in
         | game. And touring musicians are performing way more hours than
         | you cite.
         | 
         | Imagine if programmers were like NFL players, constantly
         | measured on their performance against their peers.
        
           | ychen306 wrote:
           | NFL players wouldn't have time to do drills if their games
           | last 8 hours and they need to play everyday.
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | I think a great example of the point you're trying to make
             | is taxi drivers and motorsport pilots.
        
         | norir wrote:
         | I can't tell if this is meant to be sarcastic or not.
        
           | NegativeK wrote:
           | If you interpret OP's term "work" as "perform on the public
           | stage", then it comes across as non-sarcastic.
           | 
           | I don't think they meant to say that NFL players loafs around
           | all year except for a cumulative 17 hours.
        
             | Jordan_Pelt wrote:
             | Yes, by "work" I meant "do what they are specifically paid
             | to do, i.e., perform in front of an audience.
        
               | NegativeK wrote:
               | I think it was confusing people because pro sports
               | players are often paid by an org or team that will fire
               | them if they don't show up for the endless hours of
               | training. They also get huge amounts of resources to make
               | that training more effective.
               | 
               | Versus, say, a touring rock band that gets a cut of the
               | performance revenue. I don't think there's anyone paying
               | them a multi-year contract salary.
        
               | maximus-decimus wrote:
               | saying training is work is also confusing, because just
               | doing your work is not training either. I'm kinda angry
               | at the school system for never teaching me about
               | dedicated practice. For the longest time, I did believe
               | practicing something was just doing it over and over.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | I don't think it is. A NFL player is hired to perform well
           | for just a few hours a year, the rest doesn't matter. A live
           | musician needs to play well during the few hours of concert
           | they have each year, what they do when the public is not
           | there doesn't matter.
           | 
           | It means all of their job is concentrated in a few hours per
           | year, so they have to be damn good at it. In order to do
           | that, they need training, which is most of their working
           | time. For most other jobs, there is much less time to train,
           | and it doesn't matter as much because what counts is the
           | average performance, not just a few key moments.
           | 
           | For programming, the parallel would be competitive
           | programming. A competitive programmer will spend days
           | studying algorithms like no one else, because it will matter
           | for the hour or two of the competition. For typical
           | programmers the loss of productivity for not knowing the
           | algorithms is less than the time spent studying them.
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | What an odd thing to say. How is practice and training not
         | work?
        
           | ychen306 wrote:
           | Training is work but their main "events" are just much
           | shorter than say that of a programmers. Even the longest
           | athletic event like TdF lasts only several weeks. A
           | programmer or lawyer worker 9 to 5 (at a minimum) doesn't
           | have time after work to practice.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | Practice and training are work.
        
               | adamnemecek wrote:
               | He separates those from "performance".
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | Yes, but that's still a peculiar separation.
               | 
               | Learning, training, practicing, teaching, rehearsing,
               | performing are just several different modalities of (the)
               | work, with distinct proportions depending on the job and
               | the role(s).
               | 
               | It's not because one's not in a 9-5 office job that it's
               | not work either.
               | 
               | Your plumber, or locksmith, or carpenter, or physician is
               | also often performing for you only a few minutes/hours.
               | You may think you're watching/paying for this performance
               | only, but you're really watching all the experience that
               | goes into this performance, that is the result of their
               | previous studies, training, and practice and other
               | performances.
               | 
               | The "difference" with a "typical" office job is that you
               | don't get to have them in the single same place all the
               | time, and watch/see them work through all those
               | modalities, sanctioned by some manager. It's much more
               | open than that.
               | 
               | What is amazing is how normalised the "controlling"
               | factory/office work culture has become.
        
               | gwd wrote:
               | Imagine if you told your boss you were only going to
               | actually write code or investigate bugs from 1pm-5pm on
               | Fridays, and the rest of the week you were going to
               | practice "fundamentals". Your boss would think it
               | completely ridiculous, but it's still a larger ratio of
               | performance to practice / training than a professional
               | musician or athlete.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | The nature of the work is not the same, hence, the
               | proportion of the modalities of your work are not
               | identical.
               | 
               | The problem is considering that only your office boss
               | work view is the one that qualifies as work.
               | 
               | The problem is also considering that a software engineer
               | performance is in writing code/investigating bugs,
               | whereas it is in the whole process/intellectual pursuit.
               | In some cases, you will need to spend a whole week of
               | going back to fundamentals or training or other, to be
               | able to solve your issue in a few hours on Friday.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >The nature of the work is not the same, hence, the
               | proportion of the modalities of your work are not
               | identical.
               | 
               | I guess we solved that problem then. We're comparing
               | apples to oranges and wondering why oranges don't have
               | edible skin.
               | 
               | >The problem is considering that only your office boss
               | work view is the one that qualifies as work.
               | 
               | So you're suggesting that more programmers should
               | practice in their free time?
               | 
               | >The problem is also considering that a software engineer
               | performance is in writing code/investigating bugs,
               | whereas it is in the whole process/intellectual pursuit.
               | 
               | You can argue we're always performing or never performing
               | in that case. Or perhaps our "performance" is crunch for
               | a deadline, or right after a product shislps.
               | 
               | Either way, it's fundamentally different from
               | practice/performance scheduling of athletes or musicians.
               | Performance should be a place where you put 110% into an
               | act, often in a burst. Physically or mentally, we can't
               | afford to operate at 110% every day. That's why there's
               | often a rest day for musicians/athletes. Knowledge
               | workers is much more spotty.
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | And how much of that 9 to 5 is writing code?
             | 
             | This whole line of reasoning is ridiculous and smells like
             | something said by people who know fuck all about athletics
             | and musicianship.
        
               | ychen306 wrote:
               | Not writing code doesn't equate to not working. Thinking,
               | documenting, designing, discussing, etc are all important
               | parts of their job. I don't understand why you seem
               | offended by my take on this. This line of reasoning
               | doesn't by any means diminish athletes/musician's work.
        
               | Sakos wrote:
               | Because the identical logic works when used on athletes
               | and musicians. You're just being obtuse and refusing to
               | recognize it. I don't know if you get off on feeling
               | superior to people who aren't developers, but I think
               | it's weird you're trying to argue this angle so hard.
               | 
               | In all these professions, and many more, we're expected
               | to maintain a certain level of performance (or capacity
               | for performance) whether we're officially given the time
               | for it at work and whether we're paid for it or not.
               | 
               | I also don't see how you can possibly in good faith
               | compare "public performance" to whatever you think the
               | equivalent "performance" is as a developer.
               | 
               | It sounds disrespectful and unnecessary, honestly.
        
               | ychen306 wrote:
               | My main point is that these jobs are fundamentally
               | different and people spend their time differently as a
               | consequence. At this point, I am more curious about how
               | what I argue even comes across as me feeling superior or
               | being disrespectful to people who aren't developers. (I
               | am not a developer and would rather spent all my time
               | running if I could)
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | I think that's the point - you're practising at your desk
           | everyday.
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | Taxi drivers practice at their car everyday, but we don't
             | see many stock car teams poaching experienced taxi drivers
             | to compete as pilots.
        
           | necubi wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure they mean that NFL players (and musicians)
           | have dedicated practice time separate from their
           | "performance" time (games for athletes,
           | concerts/recording/writing sessions/etc. for musicians),
           | whereas software engineers are (generally) expected to
           | produce useful output during all of their work time, and
           | aren't generally allotted time in the schedule for self-
           | improvement.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | > and aren't generally allotted time in the schedule for
             | self-improvement.
             | 
             | I never met a company that didn't expect to have this in
             | the schedule and budget for their employees.
             | 
             | Given the breadth of technologies and the pace of the
             | industry, I don't get how a tech-dependent company could
             | afford not to.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | In contrast, I have only met companies that don't invest
               | in real training nor schedule/budget for any knowledge
               | gains.
               | 
               | The only exceptions so far have been FAAMG, but all of
               | them also have it as optional not mandatory and rarely
               | encourage it tbh.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | Same here. The _only_ time I 've seen a company
               | schedule/budget for training was when I worked at Intel
               | in the early 2000s. They were very serious about sending
               | people for training classes in various technologies.
               | After I left that company because of a big downturn, I
               | never saw this kind of support for training at all.
        
               | tom306 wrote:
               | But even then the training to "performance" ratio is not
               | even close (and for good reason) for developers vs
               | athletes/musicians.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | Ask 3/4 of my last studios. Not even much introductory
               | training. Just sat down and given a task after the first
               | week of setting up authentications.
               | 
               | Also, contracting doesn't usually let you bill training
               | as part of the work. That's just "research" for the
               | problem.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | With how good WLB is for the intelligent in tech, many of them
         | do perform at about that exact amount per year!
         | 
         | Seriously, this is the source of "rest and vest" as a mentality
         | and why some companies, I.e Microsoft, are seen as tech
         | retirement homes. They hire the brilliant lazy.
         | 
         | Yes, there really are a lot of FAANG caliber engineers who
         | don't work much harder than you described. Yes really.
        
       | evanjrowley wrote:
       | What is the underlying technology for notes.andymatuschak.org?
       | Seems like a nice note-taking application.
        
         | steezeburger wrote:
         | I believe he uses Bear notes and exports them for this closed
         | source web app. I think he has mentioned that he just wasn't
         | ready for it to be open sourced.
        
       | ychen306 wrote:
       | Athletes and musicians pursue fundamentals because they have
       | time; their "work" occurs in intense but short bursts of
       | performances, leaving them the rest of their days to practice.
       | Knowledge workers don't "practice" because their job (long-term
       | research or whatever) demands much more time and commitment.
        
         | abletonlive wrote:
         | perhaps if you have a very narrow definition of what a
         | "musician" is.
         | 
         | a modern music producer will literally spend 700 hours on a
         | single song.
        
           | ychen306 wrote:
           | In this instance what would qualify as "pursing fundamentals"
           | for a producer as defined by the author?
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | Resting ears. Ear training. Doing your scales. Training
             | your taste. (re)learning old/new
             | tech/tools/instrument/history/theory of music.
             | (re)listening to known/new music from separate
             | styles/periods/cultures. Listening to artists you work
             | for/with. Training/mentoring others.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Some of this is covered in the book "The Creative Act" by
             | noted producer Rick Rubin.
             | 
             | https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/717356/the-
             | creative...
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Does that kind of musician also spend time practicing?
           | 
           | Because the comparison we're being offered is to a concert
           | musician, and their work routine is likely very different to
           | a music producer.
        
             | FractalHQ wrote:
             | I would argue the process of producing a song falls under
             | "practice" of the craft.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Programming also falls under "practice" of the craft, but
               | we aren't talking about that kind of practice, we are
               | talking about training sessions.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | It's all relative of course. But keep on mind that 700 hours
           | is about 4.5 months of full time work. I sure have had epics
           | lasting much longer than that. And the "concert" is just
           | shipping/launching whole I'm already working on the next
           | epic. Maybe later on we bug fix, but we never truly get to
           | "own" a feature the way a musician owns a song and gets to
           | re-perform it in their repertoire.
           | 
           | I'm not really trying to establish which is harder or easier.
           | Just that the pipelines and layoffs differ immensely.
           | 
           | And
        
       | Fricken wrote:
       | Many top-tier knowledge workers are also teachers, who review
       | their fundamentals every time they teach them, and whose ideas
       | are regulary vetted students in class discussions.
        
       | loxs wrote:
       | I have been suffering of this lately, ironically because I'm
       | venturing into business.
       | 
       | I find huge gaps in my ability to rigorously read (and push
       | through) boring (but important) paperwork. Take notes and do the
       | required work afterwards (or take an important decision because
       | of what I have read).
       | 
       | I find it very difficult to organize myself (and others) to do
       | chores especially ones that are very disruptive and not
       | technical.
       | 
       | I'm starting to see the value of project managers and other non-
       | technical or semi-technical people in the companies. Their work
       | now seems much more difficult than I imagined previously. Their
       | skills are much less "interesting" and maybe "easier" in
       | isolation, but in the same time they need to perform at high
       | levels constantly.
        
         | JALTU wrote:
         | Former customer success manager with a technical SaaS company
         | here. Formerly very much in the practical intersection of
         | support, consulting, and sales. Always interesting to me that
         | "not everyone" understands the value streams delivered by
         | functional teams/roles. Human orgs really do need the technical
         | and non-technical and everyone in between.
        
       | fredgrott wrote:
       | I'm curious....
       | 
       | How many of you use ZettelKasten note taking?
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | The saying goes "smooth and slow to go fast". It applies to all
       | sorts of physical abilities: playing an instrument, driving,
       | motorcycle riding, shooting, and athletics.
       | 
       | There's a lot of neural and muscle learning and tuning involved
       | to specialize in those skills. But in order to start, you need to
       | learn and tune the right things. As they also say, it very hard
       | to unlearn things.
       | 
       | It what amazes men when I watch baseball (I'm a nut for
       | baseball). We watch these guys perform "routine" stuff on the
       | field every day, but we also watch them bumble, slip, drop
       | things, miss the balls, etc. And these are the REALLY GOOD
       | players. There's 10,000 other players in the minor leagues. They
       | try to make it look easy, but demonstrably, it's not.
       | 
       | But if you watch how they train, it's all about fundamentals. Arm
       | angle, foot placement, where to look, when to look, and that's
       | even before you talk about "baseball" knowledge -- knowledge of
       | the game itself, field awareness, etc. This is just getting the
       | ball in the mitt or the bat on the ball.
       | 
       | In our field?
       | 
       | Not so much. It's far less important.
       | 
       | My favorite anecdote was when a junior programmer at work came to
       | me and we were talking about his project, a little GUI front end
       | to a SQL database. He was done with the project, and I asked him
       | how it went. He said it went fine, but he was confused about
       | something. He wasn't sure what the difference was between RAM and
       | disk.
       | 
       | So, here was a fellow, who accomplished something, using then
       | modern tools while essentially ignorant of how a computer even
       | works. This is a testament to the tools and platforms of the day.
       | How with just some syntax knowledge, and a bit of a logical head
       | on his shoulders, he can accomplish productive work.
       | 
       | For many, computer work is borderline blue collar work. It's
       | assembly line stuff, know what to do, not necessarily how or why
       | it's done. Drag and drop, cut and paste, commit it and ship it.
       | And now, of course, we have the AIs to help.
       | 
       | This is not a bad thing.
       | 
       | I've managed to get through my entire career without a deep
       | understanding of networking, firewalls, BGP, routing, all of that
       | stuff. Can I configure a DNS server? Nope. Despite the Petabytes
       | of information I've shipped hither and yon across such things,
       | when it comes down to the core level? The lower layers of the
       | stack? "Contact your Network Administrator" because that's not
       | me.
       | 
       | I am ignorant of cache lines and such like that. I know they
       | exist, I certainly understand what they do, but I've never given
       | them any consideration in my work. None of that has ever been
       | necessary.
       | 
       | It's certainly valuable to get exposure to all of the parts of
       | puzzle, even if you don't have a full understanding of them. I
       | know I resort to core fundamentals about how things work to
       | understand problems all the time. But the truth is, for a lot of
       | the work available, and that needs to be done, that level of
       | detail is unnecessary.
       | 
       | I've worked with folks who are fascinated with the craft and
       | field, always learning and growing. And I've worked with the 9-5
       | folks, who learn precisely what they need to accomplish the job,
       | and just...stop. Do the work, but just the work. They have other
       | interests elsewhere.
       | 
       | Doesn't mean they can't do the job though. These are not bad
       | people.
        
       | jheriko wrote:
       | this fits... i'm constantly amazed by how bad most programmers
       | are at maths and problem solving, and how few of them do anything
       | in their own time to improve their skills.
        
         | maximus-decimus wrote:
         | Do musicians do any practice in their free time on top of 8
         | hours of daily work?
         | 
         | Their job is to practice, they don't need to use their free
         | time for that.
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | I'm probably missing the forest for the trees but elite player
       | and world class musician are the p99 in their fields. I'm pretty
       | sure some top notch at FAANG, medical research etc do at very
       | least teaching/mentoring other people, which makes them go
       | through "the basics" often enough.
       | 
       | Also, muscle coordination is something completely different from
       | "knowledge work", unless the knowledge worker needs to learn by
       | heart the Hamlet.
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | Slightly off topic.
       | 
       | But I feel for a lot of "knowledge work" what is proclaimed to be
       | the fundamentals and what the actually fundamentals are diverge
       | quite a bit.
       | 
       | E.g. if automata theory a fundamental of (generic) software
       | development. IMHO it's not. Sure it's a fundamental of many
       | things you use for software development (e.g. programming
       | languages, compilers, various "foundation libraries" like regex
       | etc.). It's also a neat tool to have from time to time. But
       | definitely not a fundamental for most software development jobs.
       | 
       | Through it's also a bit a question about what you define as
       | "fundamentals". E.g. there are "fundamentals somewhat needed to
       | understand at least somewhat to _effectively_ improve yourself"
       | at least if you want to improve above a certain (often medium
       | skill level) point. E.g. how colors work (physically and
       | mentally) for painting and/or graphics design. And "fundamentals
       | the science is technically based on but it kinda doesn't matter
       | much for using it". E.g. a lot of things related to Chomsky-
       | Hierarchie and grammars is for most software developers most
       | times irrelevant. Not always, sure. But most times you end up
       | needing this stuff at work you should pause and wonder "is that a
       | good idea?". Because lets be honest while it's often fun, most
       | times you are reinventing a wheel or making things more
       | complicated then it should be or less maintainable etc. Sometimes
       | in a subtle way. (E.g. custom config file format instead of
       | leveraging existing formats like json, toml, etc.).
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | Comparing top tier anything to normal people is apples to
       | oranges.
       | 
       | I am a knowledge worker, but I don't often take notes in
       | meetings, because the purpose of meetings to to get agreement,
       | not to forge new knowledge. Sure there are minutes and actions.
       | But a meeting notes is not a "kata" that I practice to be better
       | at my job.
       | 
       | I work in a research org at a FAANG, which supposedly puts me in
       | the "top tier". I do not have a doctorate, or a masters. The
       | thing that makes me "good" is that I am able to communicate how
       | to do x with y, and direct people to use z with building blocks
       | omega and theta. the thing I practice every day is working out
       | how to translate an infrastructure problem to a researcher who
       | couldn't give a shit and just wants put what they have running
       | locally on the GPU farm, but faster.
       | 
       | That is my kata, that is what I strive to be better at.
       | 
       | I write to explain, not remember. that's just a nice side effect.
       | Is that writing perfect prose? fuck no, but its a fucksite better
       | than most of my peers. It has to be because I'm a shit engineer
       | otherwise.
       | 
       | > People seem to forget most of what they read
       | 
       | Yes, and musicians forget music. Sure they have a repertoire of
       | core pieces that they can pull out, but they are often learning
       | one off pieces, or semi-sight reading stuff (session musicians
       | are fucking ace by the way. Some are able to read music like a
       | news reader does an autocue.) That core repertoire is kept alive
       | because they need to play it often. For me, my professional
       | repertoire is threading, message passing, and large scale
       | dataflow. But my sight reading is computer vision shit.
       | 
       | In the same way a phd student will master and expand a tiny part
       | of human knowledge, a musician will tend to specialise in a few
       | composers, styles or periods.
       | 
       | > confusing a sense of enjoyment with any sort of durable
       | understanding
       | 
       | Again, thats not what a knowledge worker does. Learning for fun
       | is not the same as core knowledge/skill required for someone to
       | perform a job. Thats someone pissing about and learning new
       | things for enjoyment, and they should fucking do it regardless of
       | the snobbery from people who want "completeness"
       | 
       | One of the amusing things about this whole argument is that the
       | writer must have been able to write, spell and read well from a
       | young age. The ancient greeks would have been very suspicious of
       | that kind of working, because they thought that writing was the
       | death of memory, deliberation and debate. Socrates would have
       | particularly pissed off with the assertions on memory.
       | 
       | I couldn't write meaningfully until I learnt to touch type. So
       | for me, everything was memory. I work differently to most people,
       | so I'm not arrogant enough to produce sources and say that I have
       | the best way to be a knowledge worker. I don't but it works for
       | me. The author would do well to remember that untested assertions
       | are not science. (yes, even if you cite papers.)
        
       | massysett wrote:
       | The piece compares exceptional athletes with average knowledge
       | workers.
       | 
       | It's not interesting to compare an extraordinary athlete - fill
       | in your favorite professional hall-of-famer or multiple Olympic
       | gold medalist here - to your average knowledge worker. Of course
       | the extraordinary person does things differently.
       | 
       | More interesting to compare an extraordinary knowledge worker
       | instead: top-tier CEO, famed author, Noam Chomsky, Einstein,
       | whatever.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | You're explicitly choosing the basis of comparison on the
         | grounds that it will deliver the answer you prefer to hear. The
         | piece compares professions. Professions are a way you make
         | money to live. They should compare programmers who make
         | $150K/yr to musicians who make $150K/yr.
         | 
         | Ironically, the fact that you think it is obvious that you
         | would only compare the 0.1% of "knowledge workers" to musicians
         | and athletes means that you find the conclusions obvious. _Of
         | course knowledge workers, at the same salary as athletes and
         | musicians, are far worse in quality._
         | 
         | Not that it's an injustice. Athletes and musicians are paid to
         | be passively watched and listened to; it's a demand thing.
         | Who's going to pay to watch or listen to someone average? The
         | average programmer (and the average garbageman, who also
         | doesn't put a lot of time into the fundamentals) gets stuff
         | done.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | Your second paragraph is a refutation of your first.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | So are we comparing million dollar software architects to the
           | average or below average athlete in that case?
           | 
           | I just don't think salary is a good metric or comparison
           | here. Concert musician as a paid professions as fallen for
           | decades. Tech is a multi trillion dollar industry, and even
           | outside of tech there's a need for every business to
           | establish basic IT and security.
           | 
           | It's a mix of demand, supply of cash, supply or workers,
           | general respect, and a few other factors. Everyone needs
           | school teachers but how do we treat them (outside of the
           | whole "essential worker" schtick the one time they really
           | should have stayed home)? Child care, on the other hand,
           | pretty much lacks the funds to compensate any better given
           | all the regulations that need to be upheld.
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | If you want to look at something specific like software
       | engineering, it is not even a little bit similar to being an
       | athlete or musician.
       | 
       | Athletes and musicians are performers. They are repeating a set
       | sequence of movements over and over. They are reacting to the
       | same situation with minor variations over and over.
       | 
       | If your knowledge work is in any way similar to that, then it
       | should have already been automated. Probably by you, if not
       | someone else before.
       | 
       | And there is no live requirement for doing programming while
       | someone watches in a particular time frame. In fact, it's better
       | to take your time. That will allow you to solve more difficult
       | problems more robustly.
       | 
       | I would almost say that programming is just about the opposite of
       | something performative like a sport or playing music.
       | 
       | You can get better at reading and solving problems by practicing
       | that. But I don't see how toy exercises are usually important at
       | all for professional programmers. Much less something like
       | reading for the sake of practice.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Healthcare is at least somewhat similar to sports and music, in
         | the sense of performing complex tasks under tight time
         | constraints. Certain aspects of healthcare have been automated
         | but it's still mostly humans performing hands-on procedures.
        
         | danielvf wrote:
         | Programming is a fractal of tasks. There's big stuff like how
         | you architect a program, then down to how you write functions,
         | and then down even further into grit below that.
         | 
         | And one of the joys of programing is that at each level,
         | there's not one right answer. But even with there being
         | different things you can optimize for, there's also a ton of
         | poor choices that could be made as well.
         | 
         | Practice lets you focus on one aspect at one level, and
         | improves your ability there. If you were to practice writing a
         | function focused on correctness, another time on readability,
         | and lastly writing the function based on performance
         | optimization, you would almost certainly be able to write a
         | better function later. You've expanded your tools, you've
         | learned new techniques, and you've consciously evaluated your
         | work from different perspectives.
        
         | somethoughts wrote:
         | I think knowledge work perhaps is more similar to being a
         | composer rather than a musician.
         | 
         | Musicians performing existing pieces add touches of nuance but
         | are penalized if deviating too much from the original.
         | 
         | A composer on the other hand should be adding significantly new
         | components to the existing body of works and is measured on how
         | much they are deviating from the existing body of works.
         | 
         | A sports analogy (although a bit weaker) would be
         | Olympic/NBA/NFL/MLB/FIFA sports which have known rules and
         | limits versus X-game/RedBull type sports which are pushing
         | boundaries of non-existent rules.
         | 
         | Tech activities more similar to athletes/musicians that benefit
         | from repetition would probably be like timed competitive
         | leetcode or competitive Excel tournaments[1].
         | 
         | [1] Financial Modeling Worldcup https://fmworldcup.com/excel-
         | esports/
        
         | AyyEye wrote:
         | > Athletes and musicians are performers. They are repeating a
         | set sequence of movements over and over. They are reacting to
         | the same situation with minor variations over and over.
         | 
         | This is peak hacker news.
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | My grandparent was a big organist, he practiced the same
           | movements over and over on new organs before big
           | performances. How do you think musicians learn to play every
           | note close to perfectly?
           | 
           | If you mean a musician working with a DAW, then yeah it is
           | much closer, but such musicians works much more like a
           | knowledge worker and doesn't need to focus on the
           | fundamentals that much, just like programmers, at least not
           | more than the equivalent of an undergrad that programmers
           | gets.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Musicians who play in orchestra may play the difficult
             | sequence a lot, but they do not get to play whole concert
             | again and again. They also need to be able to react to
             | other sections, because otherwise whole orchestra
             | desynchronized. Sometimes play unexpectedly something
             | different.
             | 
             | The big groups of musicians are massive chaos.
        
             | AyyEye wrote:
             | Not all musicians consider "close to perfect" a virtue. I
             | suspect that outside of western classical and pop music
             | it's quite rare. Certainly the music I listen to isn't
             | anything like that.
        
           | antod wrote:
           | Extra points if they can compare to bridge engineering too.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | This is the fundamental distinction yes.
         | 
         | Performance is about doing something exactly right the first
         | time on the night. Concert musicians, sportspeople,
         | firefighters, surgeons, airline pilots, and military personnel
         | all operate to a greater extent under this kind of constraint.
         | When you are called upon to perform, you need to get it right.
         | So you train and practice and drill to make sure you have all
         | the basics down, and you rehearse and prepare for the specific
         | performance you expect to do next.
         | 
         | Knowledge work is specifically work that is not like that. It's
         | work that will involve evaluating information and making
         | decisions and incorporating novel insights and it doesn't have
         | to be right first time - there's room for iteration and
         | experimentation and bouncing ideas around.
         | 
         | Now, there are parts of some of those performance oriented jobs
         | that require improvisation and creativity and evaluation on the
         | fly - and there are parts of more knowledge-work jobs that
         | require well drilled fundamentals (think about incident
         | response in software operations). So the reality is these jobs
         | all fall on a spectrum between structured performance and
         | freewheeling discovery.
         | 
         | But asking 'why don't we rehearse how to do knowledge work?' is
         | nonsensical, knowledge work is precisely that work that
         | _involves incorporating and applying knowledge to do_ - the
         | only way learn how to do it is by doing it.
        
       | bsder wrote:
       | This is simply a case of "How good do you need/want to be?"
       | 
       | This is _everywhere_. Humans can get remarkably competent at lots
       | of things with a small investment of time (100 hours or so) and
       | some intermittent practice.
       | 
       | The problem is that reaching the _next_ layer almost always takes
       | a _big_ jump in time commitment. Want to be better at that
       | foreign language? Yeah, 1000+ hours of practice and memorization
       | incoming. Want to play something on guitar other than Wonderwall?
       | Yeah, 1000+ hours of scales and metronome work. Want to win more
       | at Chess. Yep, 1000+ hours of tactics along with some basic
       | opening memorization.
        
         | johnnyanmac wrote:
         | Other problem is modern society gives us less time even if we
         | do want to put that time in. Especially now that bosses expect
         | to be able to ping you at any time on your mobile pocket pc we
         | call a phone.
         | 
         | So that leaves the idea to "practice" as your job. And that
         | works for a few years. Then you realize you're mostly pencil
         | pushing after that and not truly pushing to the next layer
        
       | smrtinsert wrote:
       | +1 for hard columns. I can't stand fluid web interfaces, it makes
       | it really hard for mind my to remember the placement/visualize
       | the words I've previously read. I did not have this problem with
       | text books.
        
       | danielvf wrote:
       | I agree that practice can be tremendously valuable in knowledge
       | work, but at some point in the skill curve, once you have built
       | up a the ability to accurately self-evaluate the value of
       | practice goes down because the work itself is the practice.
       | 
       | Benjamin Franklin was referenced in the article, and there are
       | far more examples in his life than just the writing exercises
       | where he employed deliberate practice to improve his ability in
       | an area. But he didn't continue these once we was rocking these
       | skills at a world class skill level - instead he switched to
       | practicing new skills he wanted to add.
       | 
       | But if you haven't tried doing so deliberate practice - I'd
       | highly recommend it.
        
       | kevinventullo wrote:
       | As a knowledge worker who went from math academia to software
       | engineering to management, it turns out the fundamentals of each
       | job haven't actually mattered that much for the next job.
        
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