[HN Gopher] Astronomers puzzled by little red galaxies that seem...
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       Astronomers puzzled by little red galaxies that seem impossibly
       dense
        
       Author : jandrewrogers
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2024-08-31 20:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newscientist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newscientist.com)
        
       | riidom wrote:
       | https://archive.is/NhWAs
        
       | sesm wrote:
       | Can those be just globular clusters in their 'bright' phase?
       | Globular clusters are not even mentioned in that article, which
       | is weird.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I'm gonna _guess_ that the prominent astronomers at several
         | top-notch universities mentioned have heard of globular
         | clusters, and that the reason it 's not mentioned is it's not
         | relevant.
        
           | fch42 wrote:
           | It's unfortunate that during "professional development" we
           | collectively appear to unlearn saying "no". Or, more widely,
           | learn to avoid using simple direct language. It's not limited
           | to scientists :-(
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | I think it's because the implication of any such question
             | is _how /why did they exclude..._. It's like when you ask
             | somebody, did you have a nice day? If they respond "yes" or
             | "no", that's breaking the unstated rules of conversation.
             | 
             | And I would add that perceived competence does not preclude
             | elementary solutions or problems. We're all humans, and
             | humans are entirely prone to silliness, regardless of our
             | credentials. NASA lost a near billion dollar Mars orbiter
             | [1] because nobody, of the thousands of highly credentialed
             | people that worked on that project, bothered to ask, 'Did
             | anybody make sure that all components are using the same
             | measurement system (metric vs customary), run a sim, or at
             | least sanity check the data we're getting back?' Because
             | surprisingly, the answer there would have been "no."
             | 
             | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter
        
           | blueflow wrote:
           | Why? How do the astronomers know that its many stars, how did
           | they rule out its the normal amount but brighter?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Which aspect of the answer do you want? You can write a
             | textbook on such a broad question; how we determine the
             | mass of a galaxy, its composition, its distance, etc.
             | 
             | JWST is seeing _brand new things_ ; globular clusters are
             | so well documented as to be part of the original Messier
             | catalog that predates the United States.
        
               | blueflow wrote:
               | The answer is not rocket science. JWST saw something,
               | scientists made an interpretation, there should be an
               | explanation "why" somewhere. And you won't need to write
               | a textbook on that because you can cite prior work.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | There is no solid/proven explanation right now. Only
               | hypotheses to be tested. It's a new phenomenon they're
               | working to understand.
        
         | stevenrj wrote:
         | Assuming that all their light is coming from stars, they have
         | far too much stellar mass (with stellar masses similar to the
         | Milky Way) to be the progenitors of today's globular clusters.
        
           | sesm wrote:
           | In globular clusters stars tend to have similar age in terms
           | of main sequence progression. If most of the stars approach
           | their brightest phase, the cluster will be extremely bright
           | relative to its mass.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Must be heck of a night sky on one of those planets
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | They might be too early for planets, at least rocky ones. I'm
         | not exactly sure of the timeline for these stars, but planets
         | require at least a generation or two of stars and novas to fuse
         | heavy elements, and we're probably looking at some of the
         | earliest stars formed (assuming it they are actually stars, not
         | entirely clear yet).
         | 
         | Also, if they're not sure how the stars themselves can survive
         | being so close to each other, stable planetary orbits are
         | probably right out. :D
        
           | andoando wrote:
           | Man isn't that just so freaking cool. Matter comes together
           | forms some kind of mechanical system to produce new materials
           | which come together and form a new system and so on. Some how
           | a few principles which all matter follows gets reproduced
           | again and again at higher and higher scales.
           | 
           | Is there a fun/good read on astronomy?
        
             | saddat wrote:
             | https://astrobites.org/
        
             | m3kw9 wrote:
             | Most likely the same principle that formed earth and life
             | will form else where even if slightly different
        
         | andrewstuart wrote:
         | I wonder how close we are talking.
         | 
         | "close" in astronomical terms tends to be rather a long way
         | away,
        
       | nacho-daddy wrote:
       | Is this what a group of type III civilizations look like on the
       | Kardashev scale? Back when the universe was hot and dense and it
       | was still fun?
        
         | tux3 wrote:
         | Well, the universe is very heterogeneous, you see. There's
         | still plenty of hot, dense, and fun to go around, you just have
         | to look in the right places!
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | "Red galaxies? On a Friday night? They're so hot and dense
           | and full of obnoxious Level III civilizations, nobody goes
           | there anymore."
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Colder is actually better and more fun. You see, the
           | theoretical lower limit for how much energy your super-
           | computer takes to run is given by temperature, and thus on a
           | larger scale by the temperature of the background radiation
           | in your part of the cosmos. See
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | occam's razor says probably not
        
           | postalrat wrote:
           | Says who? Have you considered the alternatives?
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | Maybe that's another Great filter in Drake's equation -
         | civilizations dumb enough to go full scale in crypto mining and
         | 'AI' to generate cute cat pictures with nobody to stop for a
         | second and think a bit. Those last few tokens will take half of
         | universe's energy to mine, lets hope we are on the other side.
        
         | gehsty wrote:
         | This is what happens once you start down the road of making
         | Paperclips...
        
           | naikrovek wrote:
           | Too soon.
        
           | ahazred8ta wrote:
           | "It looks like you're telling a transhumanist parable. Would
           | you like help?"
           | 
           | https://www.decisionproblem.com/paperclips/index2.html#-game
        
       | montjoy wrote:
       | > it was missing other key features seen with black holes, such
       | as X-rays and radio waves. There were also other features, such
       | as a peak in the light's brightness at certain frequencies, that
       | suggested it came from stars
       | 
       | Amateur speculation:
       | 
       | A dense group of stars tightly circling an early forming
       | supermassive black hole? The stars would be able to (mostly)
       | block the radio and x-rays.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | Space is big, really big, even if it looks small. I doubt you
         | would be able to block enough but that is just armchair
         | guessing. Things like reemission might also help?
        
           | denderson wrote:
           | "Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely,
           | mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long
           | way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts
           | to space."
           | 
           | -- Douglas Adams
        
             | Nuenki wrote:
             | I hope this quote has made its way into the academic
             | literature in some way.
        
       | moi2388 wrote:
       | "Unlock this article"
       | 
       | Please stop linking to paywalls ffs.
        
         | original_idea wrote:
         | archive.ps or whatever the domain is now.
        
           | r721 wrote:
           | Archive.today is the master domain which should redirect to
           | the best one for one's location:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | How does that work?
        
           | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
           | Plug: I made <https://waybackinator.com/>. You can just
           | append a URL to the URL path to get a link to the most recent
           | archive snapshot, if there is one. It uses the wayback
           | machine's API.
           | 
           | Example:
           | 
           | 1. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2445967-astronomers-
           | puz...
           | 
           | 2. https://waybackinator.com/https://www.newscientist.com/art
           | ic...
           | 
           | 3. "That URL is not available via the internet archive API."
           | 
           | Oh well.
        
             | jwilk wrote:
             | If it's just for The Wayback Machine, you can prepend
             | https://web.archive.org/web/ to the URL; no need for the
             | waybackinator indirection.
        
               | anon56237526 wrote:
               | I've made a bookmark of the URL
               | https://web.archive.org/web/%s in Firefox, and assigned
               | the "wm" keyword to it, so I only have to prepend _that_.
               | 
               | LPT: you can right click on any search box and select
               | "Set a keyword to this search" (or whatever it is exactly
               | in English).
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10178989
        
           | moi2388 wrote:
           | Waybackinator and web.archive.org don't work, the latter also
           | shows the paywall.
           | 
           | You can only post it with workarounds.
           | 
           | Furthermore it might also be legal to shit in your living
           | room; I would however still consider it bad form.
        
       | wizardforhire wrote:
       | My personal hope is that they're white holes that have been
       | heavily red shifted... probably gonna be something way less
       | exciting but none the less interesting.
        
       | Keysh wrote:
       | The preprint version of the main paper being discussed:
       | https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.07745
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | "We stress, however, that the canonical interpretation of AGNs
         | causing the broad Hb lines also remains viable."
        
           | le-mark wrote:
           | What's the layperson's interpretation of this?
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | They have offered an interesting hypothesis (all those
             | stars packed into a small space) but this other, perhaps
             | more conventional, explanation for the observations is not
             | ruled out.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | They're trying to figure out how fast the galaxy is
             | rotating by looking at the redshift from the stars. Some
             | are moving towards us and others away. That spreads out the
             | distinctive frequency of hydrogen emissions.
             | 
             | They think it's broader than the conventional explanation
             | (active galactic nuclei) can explain. But it can't be ruled
             | out.
        
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       (page generated 2024-09-01 23:01 UTC)