[HN Gopher] How Intel Missed the iPhone: The XScale Era
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Intel Missed the iPhone: The XScale Era
        
       Author : chmaynard
       Score  : 98 points
       Date   : 2024-08-29 12:46 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thechipletter.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thechipletter.substack.com)
        
       | causi wrote:
       | The mid to late xscale era got very weird. Between the 90s and
       | early 2000s handheld processors were growing in leaps and bounds.
       | At the height in 2004 devices like the Dell x50v were shipping
       | with 624mhz xscale chips with a dedicated GPU with 16MB of VRAM.
       | Then they just stumbled. Later devices dropped the maximum clock
       | speed, dropped the dGPU, even dropped the screen resolution from
       | 640x480 to 320x240.
        
         | yial wrote:
         | I had a dell x50v. It was truly pretty impressive. I remember
         | running psx games on it, with only some issues during cut
         | scenes.
         | 
         | But the ability to mostly browse the web on it was amazing.
         | 
         | Also, if I remember correctly, you could adjust the clock speed
         | to trade off battery life / performance.
        
           | freitzkriesler2 wrote:
           | I had an x50v but you really wanted the x51v. Windows mobile
           | 5 really needed the improved NVRAM or otherwise it ran very
           | poorly.
           | 
           | Great devices overall. I've been tempted to pick one of these
           | up for nostalgia purposes. Truly peak PDAs.
        
             | causi wrote:
             | WM5 was a pile of garbage compared to WM 2003. "Let's
             | sacrifice a massive chunk of the screen for two useless yet
             | omnipresent shortcut buttons."
        
           | bluedino wrote:
           | I had a Dell Axim (not sure of the spec), I'm pretty sure
           | Dell gave it away for buying a couple Dell branded printers
           | or something like that. I also had an HP iPaq which was
           | pretty similar (I also think I got Linux running on that one
           | somehow).
           | 
           | It could do a few fairly impressive things, like running
           | emulators as you mentioned. But I think the problem with
           | those was Windows Mobile or Windows CE or whatever they
           | called it at the time. The touchscreens stunk as well.
           | 
           | It was just a crappy scaled-down version of Windows. It was
           | missing the ability to run actual Windows software. It had a
           | browser and a serviceable camera (it helped fulfill my eBay
           | addiction at the time), but it wasn't the same as browsing on
           | a PC.
           | 
           | It probably still wouldn't have been ideal, but within
           | another 2-3 generations it would have been improved/faster
           | and then 'good enough', just like the early iPhones.
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | I also had an ipaq ~2003. It didn't have enough storage to
             | be a reasonable music or movie player for commutes and
             | (mine anyways) only had wifi via a honking PCMCIA adapter
             | that drained the battery in no time, so I otherwise browsed
             | the web with a laptop. No websites were anywhere near
             | designed for small screens in those days, either.
             | 
             | You're right that the OS was garbage, further limiting the
             | already limited hardware. I think I also got linux or BSD
             | running and messed around with some WEP cracking in my
             | neighbourhood for a bit, but then it otherwise sat in a
             | drawer.
             | 
             | I was still in school and it was a stupid and expensive
             | purchase, but it did teach me to only get new tech if it
             | was actually useful and otherwise wait, which as served me
             | well since, including the iphone (which the first one was
             | barely adequate for what it promised).
        
               | causi wrote:
               | You didn't just get a storage card? Between an SD card
               | and a CF microdrive I kept a ton of media on my pocket
               | PC. Most of the ones that came out in 2003 and onwards
               | had bluetooth and wifi built in.
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | Mine definitely did not have integrated wifi. Whatever
               | model I had only supported CF, IIRC. Thinking about it,
               | it may have been 2001-2002 I had it.
        
       | rickdeckard wrote:
       | > Thirdly, the success of an Apple phone would not have been hard
       | to predict. In 2006 Apple sold nearly 40 million iPods.
       | 
       | I don't like how this whole article is framed as how obvious it
       | was that Intel made a huge mistake. Hindsight is 20/20, there was
       | no such data available.
       | 
       | It was not predictable that the iPhone would be a success,
       | especially not to a degree of Intel sacrificing every profit
       | calculation in mere "hope" of huge volume later.
       | 
       | The numbers were there for the iPod. Intel could have just
       | pitched to become the SoC-supplier for the iPod and didn't do it.
       | They surely crunched the numbers several times and it didn't work
       | out.
       | 
       | The first iPhone was then built on the iPod platform with an
       | Infineon modem, so the better question to ask is probably: Why
       | wasn't Intel interested to supply the CPU for the iPod?
        
         | klelatti wrote:
         | > I don't like how this whole article is framed as how obvious
         | it was that Intel made a huge mistake. Hindsight is 20/20,
         | there was no such data available.
         | 
         | Possibly because Otellini framed it as such?
         | 
         | The latter part of the article answers your other points.
        
           | rickdeckard wrote:
           | In 2006, Intel supplied their XScale design to Palm for the
           | Treo 700, to Blackberry for the Pearl and Curve AND to HTC
           | for use in the XDA/MDA Windows Mobile line, in 2006 arguably
           | the much bigger wins as all those were established
           | constantly-growing product-lines already on sale globally.
           | 
           | Apple demanding a (probably much) lower price-point to have
           | the SoC applied in a mysterious unknown project without a
           | volume-commitment could as well have destroyed the business
           | and profit-margin for the entire Xscale business for Intel
           | and its other customers...
        
             | klelatti wrote:
             | > Apple demanding a (probably much) lower price-point to
             | have the SoC applied in a mysterious unknown project
             | without a volume-commitment could as well have destroyed
             | the business and profit-margin for the entire Xscale
             | business for Intel and its other customers...
             | 
             | One of the key premises of the article is that Apple likely
             | didn't know it was bidding for the iPhone and the decision
             | was taken on that basis.
             | 
             | Why is why saying 'Intel turned down the iPhone' is
             | problematic.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | Otellini's gut feeling was to go for it, the numbers didn't
           | pencil and he decided not to and then when it went on the
           | market the volumes were two orders of magnitude higher than
           | estimated. Should've went for the reality distortion field...
           | as you said, hindsight.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | The PDA/Tablet market was a reasonable size, the XScale CPUs
         | were the highest performance ones in this sector, Intel could
         | have seen that this market would grow.
        
           | rickdeckard wrote:
           | In 2006, Intel supplied their XScale design to Palm for the
           | Treo 700, to Blackberry for the Pearl and Curve AND to HTC
           | for use in the XDA/MDA Windows Mobile line, in 2006 arguably
           | the much bigger wins as all those were established
           | constantly-growing product-lines already on sale globally.
           | 
           | Apple demanding a (probably much) lower price-point to have
           | the SoC applied in a mysterious unknown project without a
           | volume-commitment could as well have destroyed the business
           | and profit-margin for the entire Xscale business for Intel
           | and its other customers...
        
             | valley_guy_12 wrote:
             | There's no reason Intel had to give the same price they
             | would have given Apple to another customer.
             | 
             | Intel often cuts prices to favored customers to win
             | business, for example they did so for the original Xbox
             | CPU, to prevent an AMD from being used.
        
               | rickdeckard wrote:
               | There's no reason for other customers to strangle Intel
               | or move (again) to TI OMAP platform when they find that
               | Apple as a new entrant in their market got favorable
               | terms from one of their suppliers...
               | 
               | In 2006, Intel has just won back Palm from TI and were
               | under incredible pressure from Qualcomm who had their
               | MSM7200 SoC in the pipeline (which integrated both CPU
               | and Modem in a single low-power package).
               | 
               | > Intel often cuts prices to favored customers to win
               | business, for example they did so for the original Xbox
               | CPU, to prevent an AMD from being used.
               | 
               | There's "cutting prices" and then there's selling BELOW
               | COST, without a volume-commitment from the customer for
               | long-term break-even...
        
         | 4fterd4rk wrote:
         | The iPod Classic when the iPhone came out had a CPU estimated
         | to run around 80 Mhz vs. a 600 Mhz chip underclocked to 400 Mhz
         | in the original iPhone. The software is also completely
         | different. They didn't build it on the iPod platform at all,
         | though I believe that was considered in the early stages of the
         | design.
        
           | rickdeckard wrote:
           | Apple used a newer generation of Samsung's CPU used in the
           | iPod to develop both the iPod Touch as well as the iPhone,
           | both introduced in 2007.
           | 
           | That's also a reason why the iPhone was not designed around a
           | more power-efficient SoC which combined the CPU and the
           | cellular Modem into one package: The Modem was the add-on to
           | the architecture which turned the iPod Touch into that
           | exclusive Phone they built for AT&T.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > Apple used a newer generation of Samsung's CPU used in
             | the iPod
             | 
             | I mean, that's true only in the same way as your phone uses
             | a newer generation of the CPU in your washing machine
             | (these days, both are likely to contain ARM cores of some
             | sort). They were both ARM SoCs made by Samsung, but the
             | relationship kind of ends there; totally different ARM
             | core, totally different peripherals, totally different
             | everything.
        
               | rickdeckard wrote:
               | That's not what I'm saying. They developed the next
               | generation iPod on the next generation of their iPod CPU
               | supplier platform. And then they added a modem and made
               | it a phone.
               | 
               | They literally utilized their existing iPod supply chain
               | to build the core BOM of the product.
        
         | fuzzythinker wrote:
         | No, it wasn't obvious. But it coming from Apple, who choose to
         | go after the portable music player market ignoring the new
         | hotness PDA and that ipod segment becoming the majority of its
         | market cap. When that happened, as the CEO of #1 cpu maker, you
         | have to spend more than a cursory effort into what is Apple's
         | bet on this. Even to me, a nobody, had guessed at the iphone
         | rumor, before the magically reveal, that it will be become
         | Apple's main product, way surpassing even the ipod. Apple
         | choosing to ignore the PDA market gave me an almost certain
         | conclusion that they only ignored it due to technical
         | challenges to produce a rivaling product that they were proud
         | of and after years of wait, they were finally able to produce
         | it.
         | 
         | So yes, hindsight is 20/20, but as CEO of intel, he failed
         | miserably from not putting more effort into the decision
         | making.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | I think the gap was market size estimation. Intel was (is?)
           | famously not interested in businesses that can't generate $1B
           | of incremental revenue in the first year or two.
           | 
           | iPhone was predictably huge, but I don't think it was a sure
           | thing it would be this huge. And Intel's finance-driven
           | culture probably did the math and decided it was better to
           | pass because of the uncertainty. Finance hates uncertainty.
        
             | rickdeckard wrote:
             | yeah, but according to the article it wasn't even clear at
             | that point that it's a phone project. It was too early to
             | even make such predicitions.
             | 
             | At that time, it could as well have been Apple's attempt to
             | a build an Apple TV (which never materialized), a Set-Top-
             | Box (which was reworked for years to then end up as a
             | iPhone-in-a-box AppleTV), a Premium Wi-Fi network, a game
             | console,...
        
           | wlesieutre wrote:
           | Don't forget that Apple's previous phone effort in 2005 was a
           | collaboration with Motorola on the ROKR, aka "iTunes Phone",
           | which was a normal motorola phone except it could sync with
           | iTunes and play media like an iPod
           | 
           | https://www.phonescoop.com/articles/article.php?a=1362
           | 
           | With that in mind, you can see how someone might look at it
           | and say "ok Apple isn't that serious about phones"
           | 
           | But I'd bet what actually happened was Steve Jobs used one
           | and said "this thing sucks, throw more money at our iPhone
           | project"
        
           | rickdeckard wrote:
           | > Even to me, a nobody, had guessed at the iphone rumor,
           | before the magically reveal, that it will be become Apple's
           | main product, way surpassing even the ipod.
           | 
           | At the time of discussion with Intel, it was not an explicit
           | phone project, it was _A_ Apple project. Over the years,
           | Apple spent millions on projects to disrupt some markets
           | which either didn't materialize at all or ended up not
           | disruptive/competitive in the market.
           | 
           | There are countless examples of this. Some Moonshot where
           | Apple thought they knew better what the market want to just
           | figure out that it doesn't work.
           | 
           | The project Steve Jobs was talking about could as well have
           | been one of THOSE projects, and Apple tried to get a
           | established and well-working component at a price which would
           | potentially destroy Intels business with its other customers.
           | 
           | > but as CEO of intel, he failed miserably from not putting
           | more effort into the decision making.
           | 
           | But who said that he didn't put effort in the decision
           | making? According to Otellini himself Apple was demanding a
           | price lower than Intel's COST.
           | 
           |  _At the end of the day, there was a chip that they were
           | interested in that they wanted to pay a certain price for and
           | not a nickel more and that price was below our forecasted
           | cost. I couldn 't see it._
        
             | CoolGuySteve wrote:
             | Come on man, if it wasn't Apple it would be some other
             | manufacturer that would produce a dominant PDA+phone device
             | using ARM CPUs.
             | 
             | Feature phones were already outpacing PC growth by then and
             | Intel decided to snub the market. Canceling XScale was a
             | truly stupid decision.
        
               | pak9rabid wrote:
               | And they would have been just as shitty as the
               | Blackberry. Hell, even Google had to go back to the
               | drawing board with their Android prototype because they
               | still thought a physical keyboard on a phone was
               | king....right until they caught a glimpse of the first
               | iPhone.
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | i loved the blackberry keyboard and would take it
               | anytimes over this fucking iphone keyboard. The iphone
               | keyboard is a step backwards. people like haptic
               | feedback.
        
               | rickdeckard wrote:
               | Which was already the case at that time, with Blackberry,
               | Palm and HTC dominating that market using Intel XScale.
               | 
               | Intel tried to corner that market by deviating from ARM
               | with their custom MMX architecture. It worked with
               | Windows PocketPC as a OS-supplier, but HW-vendors with
               | their own OS didn't want to limit their supply-chain to a
               | single CPU-platform.
               | 
               | But yes, their belief in x86 being superior surely
               | clouded their judgement on XScale's future potential
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | The Atlantic article on the interview with Otellini (which this
         | article linked to), was very clear that Otellini wanted to say
         | yes to the iPhone project but was swayed by data:
         | 
         | > "The lesson I took away from that was, while we like to speak
         | with data around here, so many times in my career I've ended up
         | making decisions with my gut, and I should have followed my
         | gut," he said. "My gut told me to say yes."
         | 
         | It's not even sacrificing profit; it's actively reducing
         | profits by selling at a loss.
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | Did you miss the part of the quote where he shares that
           | Intel's cost estimate was wrong?
           | 
           | Also, after the magnitude of their error to get in at the
           | ground floor sank in, Intel had no problems with selling x86
           | chips at a loss trying to break into mobile devices.
           | 
           | Remember their contra-revenue strategy?
        
         | shalmanese wrote:
         | If it wasn't the iPhone, it would have been something else. The
         | logic that drove the decision and not the end result was the
         | undoing of Intel and the logic would have remained the same as
         | long as the culture remained the same.
        
         | klelatti wrote:
         | To be clear the article doesn't frame it as being clear it was
         | a huge mistake at the time - rather that it's clear now - and
         | seeks to explain why that decision was made.
        
         | aa-jv wrote:
         | >I don't like how this whole article is framed as how obvious
         | it was that Intel made a huge mistake. Hindsight is 20/20,
         | there was no such data available.
         | 
         | Intel is a big reason things are so great, but also so crap, in
         | computing.
         | 
         | Try to remember, the computing revolution didn't start in the
         | 21st century. It's just got incredibly insane, in the 30 years
         | of personal computing.
         | 
         | >Why wasn't Intel interested to supply the CPU for the iPod?
         | 
         | Because Intel and Apple had beef, long-since, already. The iPod
         | was just another mp3 device, until - suddenly - it wasn't.
         | 
         | The writing on the wall for personal computing has been there
         | for _all of the computing pioneer companies .._ the fact that
         | Intel and Apple didn 't get connected, is as much about the
         | fact that _these people were really in competition with each
         | other from the beginning_.
         | 
         | Apple was always going to own its own fabrication capabilities.
         | From the outside of the box, _all the way in_.
         | 
         | Intel wanted all the other boxes, not just Apples, too ..
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | Hindsight is also where you can fudge the numbers to justify
         | your mistakes. Whenever you're calculating things, there's
         | always more optimistic and more pessimistic assumptions. Given
         | that competitors were able to supply Apple, it seems slightly
         | dubious for Intel to say that there was no way it'd be
         | profitable no matter what the volume.
         | 
         | Given Intel's fat margins at the time, it seems like a more
         | likely explanation is that it wouldn't meet their margin
         | expectations and that they wanted to keep showing their
         | investors the great results they'd been used to in the
         | desktop/server/laptop markets that Intel was truly dominating
         | at the time.
         | 
         | Also, when you're a company, you have limitations on how much
         | you can do. You can hire more people and build more fabs, but
         | it can be hard to grow your capacity. Even looking at TSMC,
         | Apple has been using all of their 3nm capacity for the past
         | year. If Intel was thinking about where to allocate its scarce
         | resources (whether that be engineers, fab capacity, etc.), it
         | might make more sense to concentrate on the areas where you're
         | going to have a significant advantage and higher margins -
         | unless you really know that Apple is coming out with something
         | world-changing, which you wouldn't know in advance. Intel was
         | still making enormous gains in the x86 market at this time and
         | giving users big reasons to keep upgrading their machines.
         | 2008-2010 Intel doubled their performance. The point is that
         | there was certainly an opportunity cost to betting on Apple's
         | new mystery device where they wanted a low-margin chip and at
         | the time Intel's x86 business was booming.
         | 
         | I think there can be other issues as well. Why didn't Intel
         | become the iPod SoC? Maybe Intel didn't have such a low-spec'd
         | part for that purpose. The XScale processors were higher spec'd
         | and Apple certainly didn't need that kind of speed for an iPod.
         | Even with the iPhone, the article notes that the Cortex A8
         | designs were closing the gap with Intel's XScale, but the
         | iPhone didn't use a Cortex A8 until the iPhone 3GS in 2010 (the
         | original and 3G used older ARM designs). So part of the issue
         | might have been that Intel's XScale processors were powerful
         | beyond what Apple wanted to pay for at the time and it would
         | have cost Intel money to make what Apple wanted (a low spec
         | processor) while others already had that available.
         | 
         | I think it's also hard to say that this decision meant that
         | Intel lost out on the iPhone. Realistically, if Apple was going
         | with an ARM architecture, Intel would have lost the iPhone in a
         | few generations anyway. It's not like Samsung got to keep
         | Apple's iPhone CPU business. Maybe Intel could have kept
         | Apple's business with heavy investment in XScale, but Apple
         | bought PA Semi in April 2008 (less than a year after the
         | original iPhone launch). So it seems like Apple was looking to
         | build their own processors even before the iPhone became huge
         | (the original iPhone only sold around 7M units while iPods were
         | selling around 50M/year at the same time). Even if Apple had
         | chosen XScale, Intel probably would have lost the iPhone
         | business.
         | 
         | And Intel probably wouldn't have made up for it on the Android
         | side. Qualcomm's control of CDMA (important for the US) and
         | subsequent domination of high-end modems was used to reinforce
         | their CPU business. Maybe Intel could have overcome that, but
         | we've seen that modems are a hard business - Intel failed in
         | its modem business and while Apple has seen huge success in
         | their CPU business, they haven't had the same success in
         | modems. To put it in perspective, Apple bought PA Semi with 150
         | employees in 2008 and 4.5 years later had new custom Swift
         | cores in their A6 CPUs. Apple bought Intel's modem business
         | with 2,200 employees in 2019 and 5 years later they'll be
         | introducing the iPhone 16 still on Qualcomm modems.
         | 
         | So did Intel truly miss out on the iPhone? Maybe somewhat.
         | However, it kinda sounds like Intel's XScale business was too
         | high-end and even if Apple had selected XScale, they were still
         | going to be making their own CPUs given that Apple could
         | license the ARM architecture (unlike x86). There certainly was
         | some space for Intel, but it would have been a difficult fight
         | even if Intel were committed to it. Qualcomm's strategy of
         | tying together its patents, CPUs, and modems to reinforce each
         | other is hard to overcome.
         | 
         | In hindsight, sure: the mobile market would have been worth
         | fighting for. But it seems like it would have been a tough
         | market to crack into given what Intel had (a processor too
         | high-spec'd for what the market wanted at the time) and the
         | fact that vendors could easily switch away from Intel to any
         | number of other ARM manufacturers, including ARM's reference
         | cores. If Intel had bet big on mobile, they probably could have
         | made it a good business for them, but it would have been a big
         | gamble for a market without good barriers to entry and where
         | competitors like Qualcomm might have their own barriers.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | The pre-Touch iPods (the iPod Touch only came out after the
         | iPhone) used very small chips; this just wasn't an area Intel
         | had an offering in at all, and it would have been very low
         | margin.
         | 
         | > The first iPhone was then built on the iPod platform
         | 
         | Eh? No it wasn't. The iPod that existed when the iPhone came
         | out was an 80MHz ARM7. The Touch (a 400MHz ARM11) came out a
         | few months after the iPhone, and was essentially an iPhone with
         | the cellular equipment stripped out.
        
         | GeekyBear wrote:
         | Intel misjudged how much the part would cost to make. That
         | mistake led to a huge missed opportunity.
         | 
         | > Even Otellini betrayed a profound sense of disappointment
         | over a decision he made about a then-unreleased product that
         | became the iPhone. Shortly after winning Apple's Mac business,
         | he decided against doing what it took to be the chip in Apple's
         | paradigm-shifting product.
         | 
         | "We ended up not winning it or passing on it, depending on how
         | you want to view it. And the world would have been a lot
         | different if we'd done it...
         | 
         | At the end of the day, there was a chip that they were
         | interested in that they wanted to pay a certain price for and
         | not a nickel more and that price was below our forecasted cost.
         | I couldn't see it...
         | 
         | And in hindsight, the forecasted cost was wrong and the volume
         | was 100x what anyone thought."
         | 
         | https://archive.ph/B0Bbs
        
           | talldayo wrote:
           | > Intel misjudged how much the part would cost to make
           | 
           | I just don't buy it. If Intel realized in hindsight that they
           | could price out a competitive chip, why didn't they sell it
           | to Android manufacturers? So much effort goes into making us
           | lament a world where Intel iPhones existed, but I don't even
           | see the appeal. Intel didn't have a vested interest in ARM
           | (an attitude persisting to this day), they weren't going to
           | acquiesce to Apple's desired margins then _or_ now, and Apple
           | would always have the logical opportunity to cut out their
           | chip middleman. It 's about as appealing as a shit sundae sat
           | on a trap door.
           | 
           | > That mistake led to a huge missed opportunity.
           | 
           | Again, was it really that _huge_? After licensing cost to
           | ARM, core design fees and the bulk deals worked out, I can 't
           | see Apple allowing Intel room to breathe. From a certain
           | perspective, it almost seems like Intel never had any desire
           | to genuflect for Apple and only signed the Mac deals to
           | proliferate their existing design catalog. I can't say for
           | sure what the financials worked out to be, but considering
           | Mac market share at the time it makes sense why Intel wasn't
           | super motivated. If we could look at a modern iPhone bill-of-
           | materials, I don't think either of us would feel bad for
           | Intel.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | it's always interesting finding out about a myth for the first
       | time from the content that debunks it
        
       | bgribble wrote:
       | I worked for an Intel spinoff whose CEO was a former high-level
       | Intel exec from the 1990-2010 era. Internal goss attributed much
       | of Intel's decision to stay out of the iPhone to him... there was
       | a supposed quote that went something like "we make chips for
       | computers, not g*d** telephones!"
       | 
       | As the tale went, he was sent out to this doomed-from-birth
       | spinoff as a "sunset cruise" to basically force him into
       | retirement (for this bad decision) without the bad publicity of a
       | public head-chopping.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | I still don't understand why people make such a big deal out of
         | ,,missing the iPhone".
         | 
         | There was no money in mobile SoCs, and there still isn't. Apple
         | makes their own chips anyway!
         | 
         | Intel was right to focus on the x86.
        
           | PopePompus wrote:
           | Well volume is an issue. Even a low margin part which has
           | very high volume sales can help you afford to build leading
           | edge Fabs, and keep process technology leadership.
        
           | m_mueller wrote:
           | I think TSMC, ASML and ARM are making quite good money on the
           | iPhone. And so did Samsung for a while before the Apple A4
           | came out.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | Apple doesn't make their own chips TSMC does and TSMC
           | generated net income of US$26 billion in 2023.
        
             | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
             | That is actually a good point - the fab process would turn
             | out to become another weak point (besides the missing moat
             | of ARM) of Intel. There is no way Apple would watch TSMCs
             | leadership year after year and still stick with Intel fabs.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | Definitely not; at one point the iPhone chip was actually
               | dual-sourced!
               | 
               | https://www.anandtech.com/show/9708/analyzing-apple-
               | statemen...
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | Apple _hates_ being beholden to one company. It's bitten
               | them many times in the past.
               | 
               | I suspect if anyone else could keep up with TSMC Apple
               | would still dual source.
               | 
               | But between their lead and the benefits of being such a
               | big customer they get first crack at the cutting edge
               | stuff, single sourcing manufacturing probably makes the
               | most sense.
               | 
               | And their interests are aligned, unlike their
               | dependencies on MS/Adobe/Motorola/IBM/Intel.
        
           | sholladay wrote:
           | Apple designs their own chips, but they don't make them.
           | 
           | In any other context, that might be splitting hairs but it's
           | a meaningful distinction in this conversation.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | I think it's still splitting hairs.
             | 
             | Even though I sent my prints out to be printed by shapeways
             | or whatever, I still tell people "I made" those parts.
        
               | zamfi wrote:
               | The point here is that there is tons of money to be made
               | in _manufacturing_ those chips that Intel lost out on by
               | ignoring mobile. That "Apple makes their own chips" does
               | not alone mean Intel could not have profited from this --
               | as indeed TSMC, ASML, and ARM are.
        
               | kaibee wrote:
               | This analysis misses kinda a major point. The nice thing
               | about making mobile SOCs is that the yields are more
               | forgiving. If you have 1000mm^2 of silicon that you're
               | slicing into 10mm^2 dies, each defect (of which there
               | will be many on early leading nodes), will only cost you
               | a 10mm^2 chip, instead of a 50mm^2 chip. And because
               | you're making them in volume, you get many many cycles to
               | improve your process before you try to make bigger chips
               | with it, ie: CPUs/GPUs. And because Apple wanted the
               | increased performance/battery life, they reserved
               | capacity from TSMC on these leading nodes in advance,
               | helping to finance their development while providing a
               | garunteed customer that was going to buy in volume. This
               | gave TSMC a huuuge advantage over Intel that materialzied
               | around ~2018.
        
             | GeekyBear wrote:
             | Apple designs their own chips now. but the original iPhone,
             | used a Samsung chip.
             | 
             | Intel didn't just miss out on business as a fab, Apple
             | would have used their chip design as well.
             | 
             | Which leads you to wonder if Apple still would have begun
             | designing chips themselves, if Intel had put some real
             | effort into designing mobile chips.
        
           | aa-jv wrote:
           | >"Apple makes their own chips anyway!"
           | 
           | Apple can only do that now, because of the billions they have
           | made on the iPhone, plain and simple.
           | 
           | And - more importantly - they were well geared to do that,
           | _since the beginning of computing_.
           | 
           | There being no money in SoC's, is because they're all being
           | made across the other side of the planet, mostly, from the
           | intended final users.
           | 
           | If Intel were really 'leading edge', they'd have made desk-
           | side custom fabrication a thing in the makerspace already.
           | Such that I can, as a computer user, print 10 or 20 or X
           | little chips, for my own specific purposes, non-mass-market.
           | 
           | This would be a truly revolutionary adventure from a
           | 'grandfather of computing' style company.
           | 
           | Alas, the x86 is, indeed, everywhere. Grandfather Intel has a
           | massive garden.
           | 
           | If only the SoC battles were truly localized, and a real
           | computing revolution can happen (before its too late).
           | 
           | You should have a locally-built device in your hand.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | > There was no money in mobile SoCs, and there still isn't
           | 
           | Qualcomm market cap: $193 billion
           | 
           | TSMC market cap: $888 billion
           | 
           | Seems designing and fabbing SoCs is plenty valuable
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | > TSMC market cap: $25 billion
             | 
             | Taiwan Semi's market cap is $888 billion. They're -
             | remarkably - now worth 10x what Intel is.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Huh, you are right. I already had a feeling it was
               | suspiciously low. I'll correct it, thanks!
        
           | razakel wrote:
           | But it proved ARM had a mature ecosystem with lots of
           | developers...
        
           | dagmx wrote:
           | Apple _designs_ their own chips now. They didn't for a good
           | many years.
           | 
           | Intel could have moved big volumes during that period. At the
           | very least they could have been a fab.
           | 
           | They also largely switched to their own chips because vendors
           | weren't meeting their needs.
           | 
           | Again, Intel could have staved it off on both computers and
           | phones if they didn't mess up so badly on delivery over the
           | last several years.
        
           | xt00 wrote:
           | Yea it definitely felt like at the time Intel was in a tough
           | spot.. while the article is stating that the narrative about
           | the margins being narrow for arm chips so Intel was nervous
           | about the area, one thing I can attest to is that even if
           | that narrative was false when it comes to Apple, competitors
           | of Apple at the time definitely would be assuming that if
           | Intel went into that space that they gave Apple a good price,
           | so just the perception of them selling a good chip to Apple
           | could have hurt Intel's fat profit margins. Like Apple was
           | selling phones for the same price Intel was selling chips for
           | -- so maybe the higher cost could be justified by Apple who
           | knows, but the perception of Intel's profit margin they are
           | willing to live with impacts their negotiations with other
           | customers dramatically as well.
        
         | bschmidt1 wrote:
         | When I think back to that time period (serving tables, T9
         | texting in my apron on my Blackberry Pearl lol) I remember the
         | touch screen being a tough learning curve for the majority of
         | people.
         | 
         | The first iPhone was also gigantic, hideous, couldn't send
         | pictures - something even a cheap $20 Samsung from the carrier
         | could do - and it also didn't sell very well. People were more
         | into "The Google phone", the Sidekiq, or the latest Razr. Think
         | it wasn't til the 3GS came out with a ton of marketing push
         | that it started to gain popularity, and it ended up having more
         | to do with the App Store than the hardware - people did not
         | like those touch screens for the first several years of
         | smartphones. They came out at the height of texting and
         | ringtone era, and we were pretty set in our ways, and it took
         | years to change that behavior.
         | 
         | I think the App Store resonated a lot more with people back
         | then rather than the iPhone as a device. MySpace was still
         | around, the Bush-era recession had everyone looking for a side
         | hustle. Most young/ambitious people I was around in "tech"
         | (which was effectively HTML-based SEO and WordPress design) had
         | a Blackberry and a side business. This kid I worked with became
         | "rich" from an iPhone app that just combined other iPhone apps
         | haha. Loved that time period. Graffitio!
         | 
         | Would have been very hard to predict the success of the iPhone,
         | even as I was already entering orders for customers on a fully
         | touch screen Aloha point-of-sale long before iPhone.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | To be honest, I think you're badly misremembering that era.
           | People were calling the iPhone "the Jesus Phone" after the
           | original keynote announcement, the lines on launch day were
           | around the block, and upon release, there were definitely
           | tons of flame wars around physical vs. touchscreen keyboards
           | but there was a widespread consensus that the iPhone's
           | predictive typing correction was pretty good and that the
           | touchscreen was miles ahead of any similar-equipped phone
           | (many of which were still resistive, ugh!).
           | 
           | It definitely didn't get mainstream popularity until the
           | 3GS/4 and the App Store, but people were definitely
           | interested from day 1. Don't forget that early builds of
           | Android looked much more like a Blackberry clone until the
           | iPhone was announced, and then Google immediately scrapped
           | everything and rewrote it from the ground up to be iPhone-
           | like.
        
             | xenadu02 wrote:
             | It just proves that no matter what you make and how
             | innovative a product it is someone will come along a decade
             | later and claim it was nothing but marketing fluff.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | You're right. The first iPhone was so bad that "the Google
           | phone" was delayed by many months as they scrambled to
           | completely redesigned their launch phone to be multitouch
           | instead of keyboard.
           | 
           | The razr2 sold 5M units and the sidekick sold 3M to iPhone
           | 1's 6.1M.
           | 
           | The n95 did outsell the iPhone with 10M units but Nokia had a
           | massively more mature sales pipeline whereas Apple had to
           | build out carrier relations. It also shipped before the
           | iPhone was even announced which gave it time to accumulate
           | sales.
           | 
           | Everyone in the space though recognized how big it was
           | because carriers were going out of their way to try to get it
           | on their network (since at the time Apple was doing 1 carrier
           | per country). Apple got lucky that AT&T bought Singular which
           | made the iPhone accessible to many many more people.
           | 
           | 3GS's 37 million units was because Apple had 2 years to build
           | up manufacturing capacity and carrier sales channels to match
           | demand for what had become clearly a smartphone revolution.
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | The big things I remember from that era is that the iPhone
             | was the first phone with an unlimited data plan which
             | Apple/Jobs beat AT&T into submission to get. Until then you
             | had to worry about every last byte you used on the dinky
             | carrier-grade apps and the lousy WAP websites.
             | 
             | This worry removed, and the fact you actually had a real
             | browser that could open real websites were the two main
             | features that to me seemed like a huge leap forward.
        
               | theatrus2 wrote:
               | Its also clear that the carrier wasn't ready for it.
               | People with the original iPhone would get entire boxes
               | mailed to them for their Cingular statement, itemizing
               | every data transaction, but then all flat rate charged.
        
               | S_A_P wrote:
               | I had an original iPhone and did not get such statements.
               | As I recall while Cingular was indeed not ready to handle
               | unlimited data for customers, it wasn't really a problem
               | for the first iPhone since it wasn't 3g. Once the 3g
               | dropped , it was a problem since people were actually
               | able to consume a large amount of data.
        
               | goosedragons wrote:
               | It very famously happened to iJustine:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdULhkh6yeA
        
             | jjtheblunt wrote:
             | keyboard and scroll ball integrated beneath it on the proto
             | google phone...we had one at qualcomm
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | The scroll ball showed up on some early production
               | devices, like the HTC Dream. Directional keypads lasted
               | even longer.
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | i'd forgotten the directional keypads!
        
             | bschmidt1 wrote:
             | According to a quick search the 2006 Razr sold 50 million
             | units (130 million total) but the first iPhone only sold
             | 1.4 million when it released in 2007. iPhone was nowhere
             | near Razr sales. Your comment is a bit disingenuous because
             | that was the less popular Razr after flip phones were on
             | the way out.
             | 
             | Nokia and Blackberry were selling a lot more than both
             | brands at the time. Blackberry alone had 20%+ market share
             | when the Pearl was released. Nokia sold the most phones by
             | far.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | You're comparing unrelated things and completely
               | discounting that Apple was a completely new entrant into
               | the space vs entrenched players that had already
               | established sales channels and carrier relations and were
               | selling globally vs US-only to start for Apple.
               | 
               | Apple sold over 6M units of the first iPhone unless
               | you're saying 1.4M in the first quarter after launch
               | since it launched in September. I was comparing it to
               | phones released at a similar time and claiming that
               | sidekick was somehow more successful is straight up
               | laughable regardless of how you look at it.
               | 
               | The first iPhone defined what the smartphone category
               | should be. Google took heed which saved Android. Nokia
               | and blackberry did not and you can tell where they're at
               | now.
        
               | bschmidt1 wrote:
               | > Apple was a completely new entrant into the space vs
               | entrenched players that had already established sales
               | channels
               | 
               | So? If anything it supports the point that iPhone wasn't
               | an immediate success. It wasn't as successful as the Razr
               | flip phone was before it, not for a while. The original
               | point was just that it would have been difficult to
               | predict the success of iPhone even after it released,
               | because it didn't do that well at first.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)
               | 
               | > In its first week, Apple had sold 270,000 iPhones
               | domestically.[47] Apple sold the one millionth iPhone 74
               | days after the release.[48] Apple reported in January
               | 2008 that four million were sold.[49] As of Q4 2007,
               | strong iPhone sales put Apple no. 2 in U.S. smartphone
               | vendors, behind Research In Motion and ahead of all
               | Windows Mobile vendors.[50]
               | 
               | > As of October 2007, the iPhone was the fourth best-
               | selling handset in the U.S., trailing the Motorola RAZR
               | V3, the LG Chocolate, and the LG VX8300.[51]
               | 
               | I'd say being the #2 smartphone vendor on your first
               | model and beating all Windows Mobile would be a fantastic
               | first step and a clear indicator it would be extremely
               | successful in addition to being #4 across all us
               | handsets. 4M were sold in the first 6 months. You're just
               | simply misremembering how big it was and how well it
               | sold.
               | 
               | The 3G version the next year sold 4x as many units (25M)
               | . You could say it's because 3G was such a huge upgrade
               | our other software things like mms and App Store, but the
               | first iPhone was in 6 countries while 3G was in 22 and
               | got to 70. The 3GS did outdo the growth of that since it
               | shipped 5M more units than would be explained just by
               | being available in more countries (80 vs 70).
               | 
               | Could you predict it would end up dominating the
               | smartphone market even as that market ate up more of the
               | legacy feature phone market? Maybe that's harder but the
               | iPhone's success wasn't all that hard. The lack of any
               | competition that could really keep up was another
               | indicator. Android was a pretty big failure for a few
               | years until enough of the feature set became parity and
               | table stakes that people felt comfortable using it (or
               | because Android was available in a lower price segment
               | Apple wasn't competing in).
        
               | bschmidt1 wrote:
               | > entrenched > a fantastic first step
               | 
               | It's not like Apple was some scrappy startup going up
               | against giants, when their profits had been in the
               | billions for years prior to the iPhone, which by the way
               | followed the MacBook launch in 2006.
               | 
               | > strong iPhone sales put Apple ... behind Research In
               | Motion
               | 
               | Are you aware that RIM is Blackberry? This is what I've
               | been saying, iPhone was behind the others like
               | Blackberry, Razr, Nokia, etc.
               | 
               | > As of October 2007, the iPhone was the fourth best-
               | selling handset in the U.S., trailing the Motorola RAZR
               | V3, the LG Chocolate, and the LG VX8300.
               | 
               | Yep. 1 million is a lot, but Razr was selling 10s of
               | millions, Blackberry and Nokia were selling more than
               | that. But yeah I guess iPhone had the super cheap carrier
               | phones beat, but they weren't meant to be high end
               | products.
               | 
               | > The 3G version the next year sold 4x as many
               | 
               | Yeah that's when it started to take over. Especially when
               | the 3GS / $99 AT&T plan came out, everyone got it by
               | then.
               | 
               | Predicting hits: What about bluetooth headsets? They were
               | forcing them on us around the same time period we're
               | talking about now... but only a few geeky dads and cheesy
               | business guys used them, eventually they weren't really
               | sold anywhere, comedians had been referencing them at
               | this point. Having lived through that era I would have
               | never predicted the success of Airpods. As I said in my
               | above post it wasn't like we didn't have touchscreen
               | devices. I don't recall being as receptive to the
               | touchscreen as you do, seemed like most people outside
               | the Apple cult initially hated it.
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | The 3G was also released with the App Store, which we all
               | know quickly became a huge hit.
               | 
               | The iPhone 2G was an interesting phone. But there were no
               | 3rd party apps until the software update that came out at
               | the same time as the 3G.
               | 
               | The 3G had (insert app here). And boy did that drive
               | sales.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | > The n95 did outsell the iPhone with 10M units but Nokia
             | had a massively more mature sales pipeline whereas Apple
             | had to build out carrier relations.
             | 
             | Am I remembering correctly that originally the iPhone only
             | supported AT&T? My family all was on a shared Verizon plan
             | at the time, and I have a vague recollection of the fact
             | that it wasn't an option for us, but I'm not positive I
             | remember correctly. Nowadays, the idea of a phone not being
             | possible to purchase for a given network seems silly, but I
             | feel like it was a thing at the time.
        
               | mperham wrote:
               | > Am I remembering correctly that originally the iPhone
               | only supported AT&T?
               | 
               | Yes, for the first few years. Within a year or two, the
               | writing was on the wall and the other providers were
               | dying to get it.
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | Which is partly why the Motorola(?) Droid phones got so
               | popular.
               | 
               | Verizon couldn't have the iPhone, so they pushed that as
               | their equivalent with a huge marketing campaign. Always
               | felt to me like that single-handedly pushed Android into
               | the public consciousness.
               | 
               | Like without that maybe Android would be huge, but we
               | updated have gotten the name recognition. Or at least not
               | so fast, and instead would have been more of an
               | implementation detail in most people's minds.
               | 
               | Sprint tried to compete with the Palm Pre which was neat
               | but had issues. Then Verizon got the Pre and Sprint's
               | last shot at relevance died.
        
           | tambourine_man wrote:
           | I think your memory is a bit hazy. Jaws dropped during the
           | keynote. People disassembled it on day one doubting it was
           | real.
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | RIM famously thought they faked the keynote and what they
             | showed was impossible.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> They came out at the height of texting and ringtone era,
           | and we were pretty set in our ways, and it took years to
           | change that behavior._
           | 
           | Nah. The only reason the iphone didn't take off faster was
           | that, for its time, it was _extremely_ expensive.
           | 
           | $600 upfront _plus_ a 24-month, $60 /month contract [1].
           | That's $2000 back in 2007, or $3000 today.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theregister.com/2007/06/26/iphone_contract_pr
           | ice...
        
             | valley_guy_12 wrote:
             | Second reason it didn't take off faster was that iPhone was
             | typically a carrier exclusive, and in most markets, the
             | iPhone carrier was typically one of the smaller carriers.
             | So iPhone wasn't available to most mobile phone users in a
             | given market, unless they went to the trouble of switching
             | carriers.
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | Plus the App Store was a massive driver of demand, but
               | wasn't there until year 2 and the release of the 3G.
        
             | bschmidt1 wrote:
             | If you were around when the first decent iPhone released
             | (2008) you'd remember that everyone had one for $99 on
             | AT&T, where non smartphones were still like ~$300, so I'd
             | say you have it backwards.
             | 
             | Maybe you weren't old enough, or are from another country.
             | Everybody remembers this, it was a great idea on their part
             | as it got everyone using iPhones.
        
               | goosedragons wrote:
               | That wasn't release though...
               | 
               | Prices for the 2G iPhone really were that high and Apple
               | even cut the price after a few months because it wasn't
               | moving like expected.
        
               | bschmidt1 wrote:
               | Ah yeah true, re-reading not even sure why I replied like
               | that
        
           | bigcat12345678 wrote:
           | A living proof that there is always someone who can find the
           | wrong of the thing that everyone else loves
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | My neighbor used to be in procurement at Intel. He said that the
       | chip guys told him that TSMC's prices were impossible. Just one
       | more data point.
        
       | ndesaulniers wrote:
       | IIRC, the iwmmxt instructions used similar encodings to some of
       | arms vfp extensions, threatening to bifurcate the arm ecosystem
       | (this is alluded to in the article).
        
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