[HN Gopher] Window Maker: X11 window manager with the look and f...
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       Window Maker: X11 window manager with the look and feel of the
       NeXTSTEP UI
        
       Author : lnyan
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2024-08-28 18:05 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.windowmaker.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.windowmaker.org)
        
       | JNRowe wrote:
       | Related: There is an in-development Wayland compositor for the
       | Window Maker look and feel called wlmaker1. It is already quite
       | usable, but is _very_ barebones right now.
       | 
       | 1 https://github.com/phkaeser/wlmaker
        
         | lagniappe wrote:
         | X11 did nothing wrong. You hear me? Nothing.
        
           | speed_spread wrote:
           | It's true except no one wants to maintain it anymore because
           | the code is a mess. This is how software dies.
        
           | talldayo wrote:
           | x11 doesn't do much of anything to begin with, these days. It
           | will still exist for the people that want to use it, but
           | distros are right to not default to it anymore.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Did they ever fix the accessibility situation on Wayland?
             | Non-accessible defaults are not great IMO.
        
               | spookie wrote:
               | The issue is still open for GNOME, so I would assume it
               | still is very much a problem:
               | https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/-/issues/9
        
               | johnny22 wrote:
               | gnome and cosmic are both using accesskit for some of the
               | parts that aren't completed yet.
        
           | indrora wrote:
           | X11 did a lot of things. None of them "wrong", just "badly
           | conjoined at the spinal cord".
           | 
           | An X server is a fantastic example of how building drivers
           | for deep hardware components should never have been written
           | in userspace.
           | 
           | (If anyone wants: There's a fantastic talk at LCA a few years
           | ago from Keith Packard about X's history:
           | https://youtu.be/cj02_UeUnGQ )
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | X11's architecture, on the other hand, is arguably better
             | than Wayland's. Server-side rendering is a great way to
             | 
             | It also has lots of flaws. "Mechanism, not policy" has to
             | go, because you are trying to make a desktop environment,
             | not draw arbitrary rectangles to the screen. It is already
             | a given that there is one special client called the window
             | manager; it would serve the architecture well to _know_
             | that 's _the_ window manager instead of treating every
             | client as if it could potentially be a window manager. But
             | Wayland goes even further in this direction, eschewing
             | things like icons, title bars and resize borders, which are
             | basic expectations of a desktop environment. While X11 's
             | way of doing these things is esoteric, at least it has one.
             | (If it were up to me, standardized window properties would
             | be promoted to requests, so you'd just call
             | xcb_set_window_title instead of fussing with atoms and
             | window properties).
             | 
             | Another anecdote is HDR: Wayland seems to still have not
             | standardized how it should work; meanwhile on X11, there is
             | already protocol support for multiple pixel formats (1-bit,
             | 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit displays) and you could just
             | add 48-bit color to that list. That would be one of the
             | things Wayland stripped out while striving for simplicity
             | (since everyone had 24-bit colour at the time) that turned
             | out to actually be important.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | At some time before the heat death of the universe, I will
             | get around to trying to fork Xorg and remove all the cruft
             | and see where that goes. (Server-side rendering is _not_
             | cruft. User-mode SVGA drivers are.)
             | 
             | I did minimal work on this already - as in, I downloaded
             | Xorg's source code and had a look through. The whole
             | configuration system has to go. The XFree86 driver code and
             | driver abstraction has to go, and the DRM driver hard-wired
             | in place. Using dlsym to locate compiled-in modules makes
             | tracking dependencies impossible.
             | 
             | I suspect this has something to do with the state of Xorg:
             | Nobody knows what it should and shouldn't do, and the
             | module API for Xorg is the entirety of Xorg, so changing
             | anything is liable to break someone's external module that
             | wasn't on the "it should do this" list.
             | 
             | It wouldn't be the first time the X server was forked with
             | the intention of cleaning it up: Xorg is a fork of XFree86,
             | which was a fork of X386, which was based on something I
             | don't remember.
        
           | barryrandall wrote:
           | The problem is what X11 didn't do: attract and retain
           | maintainers.
        
         | l72 wrote:
         | Why can't we have a wayland server that can run different
         | window managers like X did? That way, we only need one wayland
         | compositor, and everyone can just write their own window
         | managers.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | This looks doable. Create a Wayland compositor that does not
           | do visible window management itself, but exposes an API to
           | help relatively easily port and run an ICCCM-compliant WM.
           | 
           | This looks so obvious that it _ought_ to have been tried.
        
           | johnny22 wrote:
           | Mir is perhaps the closest thing to that ideal that I'm aware
           | of. Maybe arcan, but I don't know anything about the
           | architecture
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | TIL that Mir is not dead, but pivoted to be built on top of
             | Wayland.
        
           | wongogue wrote:
           | That's what wlroots is (almost). Many wayland window managers
           | use that to offload wayland stuff.
        
         | jmclnx wrote:
         | A big thanks to phkaeser for this work.
         | 
         | If I am ever forced to use Wayland (yes forced), I could very
         | well seem my self using Compositor.
         | 
         | Great work!
        
         | itomato wrote:
         | I just skimmed but it looks like it's missing something like
         | WiNGs
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | Nice to see they're still doing updates to WindowMaker
       | ("https://www.windowmaker.org/news/"). I last used it 25 years
       | ago, but always liked it, and wouldn't have minded having an
       | entire desktop that started with NextStep design.
       | 
       | (Lately, I use XMonad or i3wm on workstations that I use heavily.
       | On systems that I use only rarely, I use the default Debian
       | desktop, which currently is more Gnome-opinionated than I think
       | is ideal for new user ramp-up, but it's stock.)
        
       | v1ne wrote:
       | What a blast from the past. WindowMaker served me well for many
       | years, mainly on small screens. But once I started using multi-
       | monitor setups, I switched to i3.
       | 
       | One thing: WindowMaker is easy to use yet full of options to
       | customize the appearance and behaviour of windows, per-
       | application and per-window.
       | 
       | Yet I think its killer feature for many years was the huge (64x64
       | pixel) "dock apps". There, you could put widgets with a ton of
       | nice functionality, such as WiFi status, mailbox, disk monitoring
       | -- or just a clock. I don't remember if NeXTStep/WM were the
       | first to offer those widgets, but I remember being a fond user of
       | them.
        
         | bestham wrote:
         | The wharf? Suddenly that name made sense when linking about the
         | heritage and the dock. TIL I guess.
        
         | Agingcoder wrote:
         | Yep. I used windowmaker then enlightenment ( I fell prey to
         | shiny baubles ) then kde3 ( yes, in my mind still the single
         | best desktop environment I've ever used ), and now i3. I love
         | i3.
        
         | badsectoracula wrote:
         | I might be wrong, but i do not think NeXTStep had dockapps, i
         | think the idea comes from older WMs which allowed X11 windows
         | to be "swallowed" inside panels and Window Maker provided the
         | same functionality in a NeXTStep-ish way (dockapps are just
         | small windows nested inside a frame box around them).
         | 
         | Actually at some point in recent years i used NeXTStep and
         | having being using Window Maker for many years by that point, i
         | felt a bit of an uncanny valley effect: what i was looking at
         | the screen felt very familiar but still somewhat "wrong" and a
         | ton of what i was used to didn't work (or worked in a different
         | way) :-P. It made me realize what the people around the
         | mid-2000s who tried various Aqua-like themes on GNOME 2, etc
         | and said that it looks off/wrong were feeling like :-P.
         | 
         | EDIT: also i think Window Maker is not the only window manager
         | that supports/uses dockapps. I think FVWM and Afterstep can
         | also use the same dockapps.
        
           | HeckFeck wrote:
           | Fluxbox also has first class support for Dockapps. They're a
           | great pairing.
           | 
           | An old screengrab to prove my point:
           | https://www.thran.uk/img/desktop-aug-21.jpg. I'm especially
           | fond of the VU-meter style ethernet traffic monitor, 'wmnd'.
           | 
           | Find dockapps here: https://www.dockapps.net/
        
             | bloopernova wrote:
             | That screenshot makes me want to use Fluxbox, it looks
             | great!
        
           | Lammy wrote:
           | Fun fact: though years after WMaker/AfterStep were already a
           | thing, the Mac OS X Developer Previews, Public Beta, and 10.0
           | had "Docklets" that worked somewhat similarly. The default
           | Dock for a new user contained one for adjusting Monitor
           | resolution and color depth. They were deprecated almost
           | immediately when the MenuItem API was added to Mac OS X 10.1
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | Fascinating to see WindowMaker still going strong. I was a keen
         | fan back in the day (late 90s/early 2000s?). It had a nice feel
         | to it and made my Linux desktop look cooler than the other
         | Linux desktops in our open plan office on a university campus!
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Taking me back to when I first installed Linux back in 2001.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Still one of my faves, only edged out by tweaking XFCE to look
       | like Mac OS Platinum:
       | https://taoofmac.com/space/blog/2022/04/12/2330 (I love
       | collapsing windows for some reason).
        
         | toddmorey wrote:
         | Window shade was a brilliant feature!
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | I wish somone could do this with contenporary GNOME. It's a be
         | a good fit.
        
           | rcarmo wrote:
           | There was an extension for that someplace, but I forget
           | where.
        
       | meepmorp wrote:
       | I miss dock apps.
        
         | setopt wrote:
         | Aren't the panel widgets in e.g. KDE the same concept?
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | Sort of, but dock apps all had to fit within a 64x64 pixel
           | square. There was something nice about the constraint and how
           | clever people were about fitting information within that
           | square.
        
             | badsectoracula wrote:
             | Note that while 64x64 is the default, it is not the only
             | size - you can configure the dock to use "icons"
             | (dock/window/etc blocks) of sizes from 24x24 up to 240x240.
             | Though in practice most dockapps are limited at 64x64
             | (there have been some in recent years updated to allow
             | other sizes from people who want to use Window Maker in
             | HiDPI monitors) and using a different size has them
             | centered (it might be possible to use the X11 composition
             | extension to scale them in the future though, Window Maker
             | already uses it to make previews for "miniaturized" -aka
             | minimized- windows).
        
       | abbbi wrote:
       | used it for years, .. then switched to i3. Never looked back :)
        
       | cmgbhm wrote:
       | Ha! Long time since I've seen that. That was the first open
       | source project I got involved in and wrote the FAQ off irc and
       | mailing list questions.
        
       | lucasoshiro wrote:
       | I remember that years go (probably 2014) I was in one of the
       | biggest retail stores in Brazil and I saw a different looking
       | operating system in the salesmen computers.
       | 
       | Years later I found that it was probably a Linux running Window
       | Maker. It was surprising to see such a niche desktop environment
       | being largely used by non-technical users
        
         | toddmorey wrote:
         | If I remember right, Best Buy used to run NextStep
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | Casas Bahia. I think they still use it to this day. Their IT
         | must be made of heros.
        
       | pndy wrote:
       | That brings me Etoile from memory: http://etoileos.com/etoile/ -
       | it's like a mix of NeXTSTEP/GNUstep with Apple's Aqua. Sadly the
       | project is pretty much dead - github shows last changes done 8,
       | 10 and 11 years ago.
        
         | mulderc wrote:
         | I was very interested in seeing where Etoile might go as it
         | looked fantastic to me. Right now the most interesting thing I
         | have seen in this space is helloSystem.
        
           | pipeline_peak wrote:
           | I feel like the premise of helloSystem is the simple fact
           | that macOS uses parts on FreeBSD therefore they decided to
           | dress up FreeBSD to look more like macOS lol.
           | 
           | To me that's not some meaningful that solves a fundamental
           | problem. GNUSTEP is meaningful because it actually attempts
           | to reimplement Cocoa.
           | 
           | Because of that, I found Etoile more interesting than
           | helloSystem because in turn it attempted to make GNUSTEP
           | presentable to the non tech world in a way WindowMaker never
           | will.
           | 
           | I can understand helloSystem choice to ignore GNUSTEP given
           | the GNUSTEP community is small and virtually inactive but
           | again, it's just another ooh aah shiny project that won't get
           | off the ground ever.
           | 
           | If I were them I'd just port one of the many macOS looking
           | desktop environments like whatever ElementsryOS or PopOS uses
           | to FreeBSD and build from there. That's obviously more
           | productive, but productivity can be boring because it's real
           | and not a hobby project. :P
        
             | jwells89 wrote:
             | > If I were them I'd just port one of the many macOS
             | looking desktop environments like whatever ElementsryOS or
             | PopOS uses to FreeBSD and build from there. That's
             | obviously more productive, but productivity can be boring
             | because it's real and not a hobby project. :P
             | 
             | I'm not sure how much productive it'd be in the long run,
             | at least if faithfully replicating macOS is the goal. PopOS
             | is bailing on GNOME (what it had been using) in favor of a
             | bespoke DE because modifying GNOME had become too much of a
             | pain, even for their relatively modest changes. Pantheon
             | (elementary's DE) closely resembles GNOME for likely
             | similar reasons.
             | 
             | Not that any of the other DEs would serve as better bases,
             | unfortunately. No matter what making a Mac-style DE is
             | going to be a steep uphill climb.
        
               | pipeline_peak wrote:
               | >No matter what making a Mac-style DE is going to be a
               | steep uphill climb.
               | 
               | I looked more into the project, his goal is actually to
               | replicate the macOS from the 90s to early 2000s. I'm
               | optimistic about a goal like that, but it's more about
               | the QA that comes with these sorts of higher level
               | projects. I don't think they have the resources to make
               | something as out of the box as Ubuntu unless they use
               | elementary or pop as their basis.
               | 
               | That being said, why can't they just branch off into a DE
               | with easy installation on BSD or any *nix loke XFCE or
               | MATE? From what I've seen, they don't have a real reason
               | to even use FreeBSD.
               | 
               | This way they'd increase the likelihood of adoption but
               | maybe at the trade off of supporting multiple platforms
               | which I'd imagine can be a pain.
        
               | jwells89 wrote:
               | I agree that using FreeBSD as the base OS probably isn't
               | necessary, but it does make sense if they're trying to
               | provide an alternative to macOS, with the macOS userland
               | much more closely resembling FreeBSD's than GNU's. There
               | are BSD-styled Linux distros that could serve this
               | purpose too, though.
               | 
               | The problem with using almost any existing DE as a base
               | is that Linux DEs are all inclined toward non-mac UI
               | paradigms (most being Windows-like and a couple iPad-
               | like), which means required changes will be numerous and
               | deep. So much so that the benefit of not starting from
               | scratch is dubious.
        
               | cxr wrote:
               | > Not that any of the other DEs would serve as better
               | bases, unfortunately. No matter what making a Mac-style
               | DE is going to be a steep uphill climb.
               | 
               | No idea what the Elementary, helloSystem, Etoile, etc.
               | folks are messing around about. The Cappuccino Project's
               | Aristo is the best base to start with, and arguably looks
               | better than Aqua. (I was never a fan of Aqua's overshined
               | blue dialog buttons and scrollbars.)
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | Neat -- I like it
               | https://www.cappuccino.dev/aristo/showcase/
        
       | BoingBoomTschak wrote:
       | Really has that retro-cool look down pat, a bit like CDE. My
       | journey was Openbox -> i3 -> bspwm, but I always wanted to try it
       | just for the aesthetics.
        
       | Findecanor wrote:
       | I've been using it since it came out. Before that, I used a
       | NextStep theme for FVWM.
       | 
       | I'm dependent on WindowShade and wouldn't want to use a window
       | manager without it.
       | 
       | I have the Window List menu pinned below the dock on the right
       | side of the screen, from where it can pop out to full width if
       | the mouse pointer touches the screen edge. I much prefer that
       | over a "task bar" that doesn't show full titles but takes up a
       | lot of space. (and no, I don't use other icons intended for the
       | purpose)
       | 
       | I used to have my own patch with a few graphical tweaks but
       | stopped compiling from source a long time ago.
        
         | cyberpunk wrote:
         | Got any any screenshots? I'm having a hard time imagining
         | this..
        
           | tangus wrote:
           | The WindowMaker screenshots page has one just like they
           | described: http://www.windowmaker.org/screenshots/lumpi-
           | wmaker.png
        
       | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
       | Dude I need this for MacOS 8. God I would pay so much money for a
       | replica iMac with MacOS 8.
        
       | vvendigo wrote:
       | I am using it for twenty years now. With disabled dock it's a
       | minimalism at its best. Looking at comments, I should give i3 a
       | try.
        
         | itomato wrote:
         | I agree, especially with Maximus and other tweaks.
         | 
         | I will take our weird defaultsdb implementation over some of
         | the alternatives that get pitched. Scheme? No thanks..
        
       | calmbonsai wrote:
       | Happy memories! I switched to i3, but man...yeah those were the
       | days. I even built my workstation at the time to mimic the black-
       | cube look of a NeXTcube.
        
       | api wrote:
       | I ran this _way_ back in probably the late 1990s in my college
       | dorm!
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | Me too! Our small Linux group was split between Window Maker
         | and AfterStep, and then the kid with the nice GPU was running
         | Enlightenment. Good times.
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | I tried Window Maker because I liked the aesthetics of NeXTSTEP
       | when I'd used it. On Linux though, I just couldn't get used to
       | the left-side scrollbars. It was ok on NeXTSTEP because that's
       | how that always was, but seeing my Linux like that was one STEP
       | too far.
        
       | jwr wrote:
       | Used it for many years on various machines, good stuff!
        
       | lholden wrote:
       | I used this for a couple years many many years ago. I even made
       | several dock widgets for it for various purposes. The source code
       | for these widgets even helped me get my first programming job!
       | 
       | Good memories!
        
       | gnuvince wrote:
       | Back in 1998-1999, I was interested in installing and using Linux
       | in large part because I thought that the screenshots of Window
       | Maker that I saw online were so damn pretty. When I finally got
       | to use it, I liked how "solid" it felt; the menus were big and
       | large, they stuck to the screen even if you moved your mouse off
       | of them, etc. I don't use Window Maker anymore, but it'll forever
       | hold a special place in my heart.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | Why did you stop using it?
        
       | chrsw wrote:
       | Too bad GNUstep never got popular
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | I kept it for a few years as my favorite WM, paired with Rox
       | Filer with its panel switched off, that is, exclusively as a
       | (very fast) file manager. WMaker turned out really useful when
       | over 20 years back I had to set up lots of PCs for remote points
       | of sale operations. Users should be able to do nothing beyond the
       | strict necessary: send-receive mail, go to company's site,
       | schedule remote management, print receipts, etc. No games or
       | other distractions, no downloads, no customizable menus etc.
       | Certainly not rocket science, but users would have very little
       | computer experience, certainly none with Linux, therefore
       | arranging user-proof kiosk-like desktops became mandatory or we
       | would have been overwhelmed by complaints. WMaker did its job
       | brilliantly, I put icons on the dock for all basic operations
       | plus some safeguards to avoid deleting them and opening dangerous
       | menus, and for what I know it still worked great when I left the
       | company one year later. Good memories.
        
       | icedchai wrote:
       | I ran this on my Sparc 10 for a few years (late 90's, early
       | 2000's.)
        
       | wmlive wrote:
       | Personally, i'd wish Window Maker wouldn't fall for pointless
       | feature creep (in-built screenshot feature!?) and would instead
       | replace WINGs with the GNUstep framework.
       | 
       | GNUstep has silently matured over the years but still lacks a
       | real native window manager. Window Maker once aimed to be that
       | but unfortunately didn't ever manage to fully integrate with
       | GNUstep.
       | 
       | Fully porting Window Maker to GNUstep would be a Win-Win
       | situation for all involved parties: GNUstep already features
       | Wayland support and also offers a theming capabality for which
       | WINGs' hardcoded and thus unchangeable NeXTSTEP aestetics are no
       | match. So replacing WINGs with the GNUstep framework would
       | instantly provide Wayland and more advanced theming support, for
       | free.
       | 
       | People interested in an integrated Window Maker centric system
       | based on Debian/Bookworm should have a look at
       | https://wmlive.sourceforge.net and
       | https://sourceforge.net/projects/wmlive/files/ for downloads.
        
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       (page generated 2024-08-28 23:00 UTC)