[HN Gopher] NASA Decides to Bring Starliner Spacecraft Back to E...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NASA Decides to Bring Starliner Spacecraft Back to Earth Without
       Crew
        
       Author : samwillis
       Score  : 172 points
       Date   : 2024-08-24 17:41 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nasa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nasa.gov)
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | Excellent news! Thank you NASA for making the right human and
       | engineering decision.
       | 
       | This was news to me tho, "and Dragon-specific spacesuits for
       | Wilmore and Williams." The spacesuits are specific to the
       | vehicle?
       | 
       | Changing my underwear so I can drive to hardware store.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | Don't spacesuits typically have some umbilical connection to
         | the capsule life support systems? It's easy to imagine that
         | these connectors might not be standardized between different
         | capsules, and that sending up a new space suit might be easier
         | than designing an adapter.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | 927!
           | 
           | We are literally building the future, HTF do we keep getting
           | into these situations?
        
             | yhvh wrote:
             | Efficiency
        
             | marssaxman wrote:
             | What does "927" mean?
        
               | fouronnes3 wrote:
               | 927 is a noun at this point to me. Hell so many xkcd
               | could be: 1319, 936, 2347. It's crazy how often
               | referencing a xkcd is the highest signal to noise way of
               | communicating a concept.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | I guess that's a real S5:E2 experience.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | there's a joke that goes something like
               | 
               | A group of professors liked jokes, but got tired of
               | hearing the same ones, so they started numbering them. So
               | instead of telling a joke or funny observation when
               | something happened, they'd say "112" and the others would
               | laugh. or "64", more laughter.
               | 
               | One day they get a new prof on their team and after a few
               | weeks of this number, laugh, number, laugh, during a
               | meeting, the new guy says "-149". There's dead silence
               | for a while. The eldest prof starts laughing, "i've never
               | heard that one!"
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | those are good ones. 386, 303, 979, and 1053 also come to
               | mind.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | https://xkcd.com/927/
        
           | bewaretheirs wrote:
           | Easy to imagine but there are so many details to nail down
           | that it's hard to do in practice.
           | 
           | In the words of someone in the industry who tends to be on
           | the laconic side:
           | 
           | "It is not as simple as a 'common connector'. There are
           | different pressures, mixture ratios, comm gear, seat
           | interfaces, etc. A requirement for commonality flows
           | requirements upstream to the suit, seat and spacecraft. "
           | 
           | https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=60593.msg2.
           | ..
        
             | marssaxman wrote:
             | I meant it the other way around - incompatibility is the
             | easy-to-imagine default! In absence of some heavily-funded,
             | top-down, NASA-driven standards-development process, no
             | such thing as a standard spacesuit connection should be
             | expected to exist.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > "and Dragon-specific spacesuits for Wilmore and Williams."
         | 
         | Oh, good. Previous proposals included having them return in a
         | Dragon unsuited.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://futurism.com/stranded-astronauts-spacex-boeing-
         | space...
        
           | bewaretheirs wrote:
           | I believe that's still the contingency plan in the unlikely
           | event that they have to evacuate the ISS in the period
           | between Starliner undocking and Crew-9 docking.
        
             | grawp wrote:
             | Yes it is and it is not the first time having such
             | contigency plan.
             | 
             | Quite recently there was a Soyuz with crippled cooling and
             | the contingency plan for the American astronaut that came
             | with it was to evacuate via Dragon if there was an
             | emergency before new Soyuz arrived.
        
           | dudeinjapan wrote:
           | Justin Bailey mode
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | I'm unsure of the specifics of the Dragon capsule, but I know
         | that on the Soyuz even the seats themselves are custom molded
         | to each astronaut. You've gotta keep in mind that the capsules
         | are designed for failure scenarios. That includes things like
         | _extremely_ high g force ejections (pushing close to 20g) from
         | a failing rocket, depressurization scenarios, and so on.
         | 
         | It all seems a bit over the top when things go well, but
         | especially as we start to up the rate of sending people into
         | space - things don't go well quite often. The Space Shuttle
         | only sent people to space 135 times, and there was a complete
         | loss of life on two of those missions. If aircraft had that
         | sort of failure rate then you'd see a plane dropping out of the
         | sky about once a minute, literally.
        
           | jonplackett wrote:
           | That is quite the analogy. Not sure if it says more about the
           | insane dangers of space or the insane reliability of
           | airplanes.
        
             | blcknight wrote:
             | Aviation is insanely reliable. The 777 flew thousands of
             | flights per day, every day for 18 years before its first
             | fatality.
             | 
             | It's why scandals like the 737 Max are so appalling. We
             | know better. Boeing knew better.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Personally I am amazed just what the focus on safety has
               | achieved.
               | 
               | The 737 Max was objectively surprisingly safe to fly at
               | the time of the groundings. As in for the average flying
               | passenger their odds were significantly higher to die of
               | something else on the day of their flight than from a
               | crash. But still we know how to do better and things
               | improved.
               | 
               | Imagine if we treated each individual car accident as a
               | failure and millions of like could have been saved. It
               | may have involved making breathalyzers a mandatory
               | feature etc, but I suspect there's a lot more we could do
               | even without that.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | Decades of focusing on safety are being unwound because
               | of ~decade plus (so far) focus on efficiency and
               | environmental regulation.
               | 
               | You can't maximize both.
        
               | dmd wrote:
               | That's right. It's definitely those darn environmental
               | regulations. Nothing at all to do with short-term profits
               | and MBA-syndrome.
        
               | phire wrote:
               | And none of the fatalities were the fault of the
               | aircraft.
               | 
               | One crashed on the runway after pilot error, killing
               | three people (two of them weren't wearing seatbelts)
               | 
               | One was shot down by a Russian anti-aircraft missile,
               | killing all on board.
               | 
               | And the other is a mystery, we can't even find the crash
               | site. But most evidence points towards deliberate pilot
               | suicide.
        
             | kevinventullo wrote:
             | Both I reckon. Still, I wonder what the safety record for
             | airplanes was back when the total number of airplane
             | flights ever taken was the same number as today's total
             | number of space flights ever taken.
        
           | avmich wrote:
           | > on the Soyuz even the seats themselves are custom molded to
           | each astronaut
           | 
           | The seats are standard, but each astronaut has their own
           | mold, taken on Earth, which is put into the seat.
        
             | dudeinjapan wrote:
             | Startup idea #18463: Butt molds as a service
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | The Soyuz seat liner (head is toward the right): https://ar
             | .culture.ru/attachments/attachment/preview/5fe115c...
             | 
             | The completed Soyuz seat (head is toward the left): https:/
             | /ar.culture.ru/attachments/attachment/middle/5de8f6c2...
             | 
             | Source https://ar.culture.ru/en/subject/lozhement-
             | kosmonavta-kov
        
         | tmalsburg2 wrote:
         | How do you know it's the right decision?
        
           | baggy_trough wrote:
           | Because every Starliner flight has had serious problems but
           | the same cannot be said of the SpaceX vehicle, which is in
           | addition more proven.
        
           | alangibson wrote:
           | Acceptable loss of crew event is like 1 in 250 (can't
           | remember the exact number). They can't quantify the
           | probability of failure, so not putting them in Starliner is
           | the right call.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | Yep, 1-in-270. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Cre
             | w_Program#Spacec...
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | 1-in-270 is overall probability threshold for a 210 day
               | notional ISS stay.
               | 
               | For the journey home from ISS to Earth, the probability
               | threshold is 1-in-1000. Likewise, it is 1-in-1000 for the
               | journey from Earth to ISS.
               | 
               | The riskiest part, which increases the probability from
               | 1-in-500 to 1-in-270, is the ISS stay - the extended stay
               | in space is faced with a continuous risk of
               | micrometeoroid damage.
        
         | james_pm wrote:
         | The suit is part of the spacecraft. In the case of Dragon, it
         | pressurizes, inflates and deflates at times depending on the
         | phase of the mission.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | Exactly this. You can hear it directly from the SpaceX
           | employees who developed the suits:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LMwKwcMdIg
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | I think you underestimate space travel to space station.
         | 
         | Well it seems like it is routine thing now and spacex seems
         | like routinely launches without a flaw.
         | 
         | But going up there and making it back is still huge feat that
         | is possible only by collaboration of huge numbers of super
         | experienced and highly trained professionals.
         | 
         | I am going a bit over the top - but still travel even to low
         | earth orbit is something far outside of any human being reach -
         | on his own or his group of buddies.
        
       | Natsu wrote:
       | I'm just glad they're prioritizing crew safety here. I don't have
       | a lot of trust in Boeing right now.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | You have to assume Boeings reputation is an issue here. It
         | changes the expected value for the decision maker(s) since the
         | cost of going with Boeing (allowing a crewed return) is so much
         | higher for them personally in the failure case.
        
       | theginger wrote:
       | What happens if you need to file a tax return but you can't
       | because your flight back from space got cancelled and you were
       | delayed for 6 months?
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | You do get some kind of automatic extension for being out of
         | the country...
        
           | mglz wrote:
           | Does overflying the US in low Earth orbit count as reentry?
           | Or do you need to re-enter the atmosphere im order to re-
           | enter?
        
             | evilduck wrote:
             | Outer space is agreed upon by the USA as being beyond a
             | country's sovereignty claims - https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/
             | en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/int...
             | 
             | The Karman Line is also generally accepted to be the
             | boundary of outer space, set at 100 kilometers above
             | ground.
             | 
             | The ISS orbits at something like 415km above Earth.
             | 
             | I'm no lawyer but is seems plausible to say no, orbiting
             | above 100km of altitude over the USA would not be
             | considered entry into the country.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | The government forces HN to turn into Reddit: everyone has to
         | post vacuous banter comments until you file. (edit: the post I
         | am replying to was the top comment at the time, for about an
         | hour)
        
         | freehorse wrote:
         | Can't one just file that through internet in the US? They do
         | have internet access as far as I understand.
        
           | jraph wrote:
           | I hope no SMS 2FA is needed for this :-)
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | Don't tax accountants exist in the US?
         | 
         | edit: I have to admit my reply was a bit dismissive but can
         | someone enlighten me: Surely you have to be able to pay someone
         | else to file your taxes for you, right?
        
           | chuckadams wrote:
           | Yes of course those exist, and the other thing is that the US
           | doesn't jail people for failing to file a tax return. If you
           | owe, you get a fine, and if you don't pay the fine they seize
           | assets or garnish wages or whatnot. Usually takes years for
           | this to happen. If you don't owe, they're happy to keep your
           | refund til you get around to claiming it later.
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | they force you to file through turbotax on space station
         | internet. Using turbotax is the penalty.
        
         | kens wrote:
         | This actually happened on Apollo 13. Backup pilot Jack Swigert
         | was assigned to Apollo 13 two days before launch because the
         | expected pilot, Mattingly, had been potentially exposed to
         | rubella. The flight launched on April 11, just a few days
         | before the April 15 tax deadline and Swigert realized in flight
         | that he had forgotten to file his taxes. Flight controllers
         | thought it was a joke but Swigert was serious: "It ain't too
         | funny. Things kind of happened real fast down there and I do
         | need an extension. I may be spending time in another quarantine
         | besides the one that they're planning for me." (I.e. besides
         | the 21-day astronaut quarantine, he might end up in prison.)
         | 
         | The IRS stated that they could resolve the problem since anyone
         | outside the United States on April 15 automatically gets a two-
         | month extension. (Even though "legally, no one has ever decided
         | whether a journey into space technically counts as leaving the
         | United States.")
         | 
         | Of course, Apollo 13 soon had problems that pushed aside any
         | concerns of tax filing.
         | 
         | NY Times report:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/13/archives/apollo-13-coasts...
         | 
         | Mission transcript: https://www.nasa.gov/wp-
         | content/uploads/static/history/alsj/...
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | _(Even though "legally, no one has ever decided whether a
           | journey into space technically counts as leaving the United
           | States.")_
           | 
           | At least the customs requirement has been resolved:
           | https://www.flexport.com/blog/apollo-11-astronauts-
           | cleared-m...
        
         | dr_kiszonka wrote:
         | With that much overtime money surely they can get an excellent
         | accountant!
        
       | flag32 wrote:
       | Good call.
        
       | LegitShady wrote:
       | >"Starliner is a very capable spacecraft and, ultimately, this
       | comes down to needing a higher level of certainty to perform a
       | crewed return," said Steve Stich, manager of NASA's Commercial
       | Crew Program. "The NASA and Boeing teams have completed a
       | tremendous amount of testing and analysis, and this flight test
       | is providing critical information on Starliner's performance in
       | space. Our efforts will help prepare for the uncrewed return and
       | will greatly benefit future corrective actions for the
       | spacecraft."
       | 
       | "we think its gonna blow up"
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | So when is the uncrewed flight back? I wanna watch.
        
       | genter wrote:
       | "NASA Decides", not "Shitty Boeing Engineering Results In".
       | 
       | Come on NASA, place the blame where it's due.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | The government war machine doesn't hurt itself, even when its
         | tentacles are spread a bit apart.
        
       | bigyikes wrote:
       | Since there are no people on board...... I hope it blows up
        
         | _zoltan_ wrote:
         | One more nail in Boeing's coffin.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | While Boeing - the union of Boeing and McDonnell-Douglas -
           | needs some fundamental changes, Boeing the _company_
           | represents a significant trained workforce for aerospace
           | construction.
           | 
           | Saying "welp... guess we'll close up shop and ship those jobs
           | somewhere else. Time to learn French and go work for Airbus
           | (The ArianeGroup is Airbus and Safran)."
           | 
           | Wishing for the demise of Boeing represents an irrecoverable
           | loss of industrial capacity for the US.
        
             | makerdiety wrote:
             | A true scientist would come to the conclusion that at this
             | point in time it's time to give up on the great liberal
             | democracy project. A true scientist has the scale needed to
             | recognize that capitalism, as practiced under liberal aims,
             | does not have the desire nor the ability to satisfy modern
             | industrialism's education prerequisite. A societal culture
             | that has prioritized the reverse of education is what has
             | led to the United States's incompetence at technology and
             | industry. The United States was never going to succeed in
             | this arena.
             | 
             | The kid gets a failing grade. Pick someone else that is a
             | better candidate at mission success. Select someone that's
             | serious about doing real work.
             | 
             | Maybe capitalism's competitor, whatever that may be, is
             | better at heralding space travel and mass production?
        
               | doublepg23 wrote:
               | Doesn't this ignore SpaceX being American?
        
               | makerdiety wrote:
               | Excellent question. And the answer is, of course, very
               | simple: Being American (or, more generally, a liberal-
               | democracy subordinated entity), you should expect even
               | Elon Musk's SpaceX to be a bad bet. SpaceX will display
               | its inherent inability too, eventually.
        
               | zorak8me wrote:
               | That's a convenient wave of the hand, isn't it? "Oh it
               | will eventually break" is just entropy, and can be
               | applied to anything.
        
               | makerdiety wrote:
               | I'm only minimizing the value of the Enlightenment's
               | liberty proposition (liberalism) as a result of the
               | scientific observation that entropy most definitely
               | accelerates through liberal-democratic ideas and
               | enterprises. Don't propose liberalism and then I won't
               | appear aloof when I'm actually watching the situation
               | very closely.
        
               | vinceguidry wrote:
               | Lol. Who else is in this class? Little Piotr Communism
               | dropped out of school 30 years ago. China's busy just
               | trying to catch up. Everybody else can't seem to figure
               | out how to pass econ-101.
        
               | makerdiety wrote:
               | "Who else is in the pool of promising candidates for
               | intelligent economics?" is the question we're trying to
               | answer.
               | 
               | > China's busy just trying to catch up. Everybody else
               | can't seem to figure out how to pass econ-101.
               | 
               | edit: Getting to the frustration of realizing all
               | reasonable options have been exhausted is an obstacle to
               | climb over.
        
               | gkuhl21 wrote:
               | Where does a true Scottsman stand on this issue? ;-)
        
             | genewitch wrote:
             | okay, so what's the solution if boeing can't make fit for
             | purpose vehicles (air or space)?
             | 
             | Just let them keep eating crackers in bed, or what?
             | 
             | aka "too big to fail"
        
             | jessriedel wrote:
             | It is an incredible but true fact there's often no known
             | way to repair large organizations once they have gotten
             | sufficiently sick. They have to be dissolved and new
             | companies have to be built from the ground up. As you
             | suggest, this is incredibly destructive. The employees and
             | expertise aren't destroyed -- they start and join the new
             | companies -- but the relationships and institutional
             | knowledge is largely lost. But it _is_ recoverable, and the
             | alternative is often worse.
        
         | practicemaths wrote:
         | I hope it does not. We do not need more space debris in orbit
         | or more risk to the station and crew.
         | 
         | Also if it lands okay then they are more likely to deduce and
         | correct what the issues are for a possible future mission
         | (though at this point I do not know the likelyhood that
         | Starliner will get another chance)
        
           | CrazyStat wrote:
           | If it were to blow up it would almost certainly be in the
           | atmosphere due to entering at a bad angle or something. This
           | would leave no debris in orbit and would not endanger the
           | station or crew.
        
           | jakeinspace wrote:
           | It would only "blow up" on reentry, don't think there's much
           | risk of an actual pressure vessel rupture or hypergolic
           | explosion. So no space debris at least, just littering the
           | ocean.
        
           | Shekelphile wrote:
           | > I hope it does not. We do not need more space debris in
           | orbit or more risk to the station and crew.
           | 
           | Even if such an explosion happened the debris wouldn't be
           | around for long, stuff in LEO will fall back to earth quite
           | quickly without stationkeeping.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | Vehicles in LEO have taken near catastrophic strikes
             | before. There's a better safety margin, but it's not
             | reduced to zero.
        
         | cft wrote:
         | I wonder when they plan the return. You should enter a short
         | position if you are sure it'll blow up
        
           | Tuna-Fish wrote:
           | It's very likely to not blow up. The engineers who studied
           | the issue all think it's much more likely to work just fine
           | with lower thrust levels.
           | 
           | Why not just fly the crew back in it then? "likely to work
           | fine" is not sufficient level of certainty for NASA (anymore,
           | because of bitter lessons). They need to be able to quantify
           | the risk. And this is not possible, because an uncertain
           | amount of damage was already done inside the thruster dog
           | houses when they overheated and some material in them melted,
           | and they cannot be inspected.
           | 
           | What guaranteed the unmanned return was that when they did
           | new ground tests with the equipment, the damage was not
           | consistent between tests. This means they cannot model what
           | happened, and they cannot inspect the current state of the
           | dog houses, meaning that no sane engineer will sign off on
           | it, even though the damage is probably not very large and
           | they can prevent future damage by using a less aggressive
           | flight plan.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > is not sufficient level of certainty for NASA (anymore,
             | because of bitter lessons).
             | 
             | It never was. If you trip into a known failed safe
             | situation the mission rules immediately change. This has
             | been true since manned space flight started.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | I think anyone following these news was shorting Boeing for
           | quite some time already.
        
       | davisr wrote:
       | Dupe of https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41339667
        
       | fredgrott wrote:
       | key point:
       | 
       | NASA and BOEING disagreed on whether it was safe for Starliner to
       | depart to Earth with astronauts.....
       | 
       | I think it might be time to short Boeing stock....
        
         | fullshark wrote:
         | I think it might be time for the gov't to nationalize the
         | company
        
           | gduplessy wrote:
           | Yes, let's make them even less efficient.
        
           | mkoubaa wrote:
           | That's a 20th century solution.
           | 
           | The right thing to do now is to shutter the company and make
           | all it's patents and designs public domain
        
             | onepointsixC wrote:
             | I'm sure the Russians and Chinese would love that.
        
         | cft wrote:
         | Same as shorting the dollar: it will fall, but you don't know
         | when
        
           | FeepingCreature wrote:
           | I want to call my bank and take Boeing out of the composition
           | of my personalized synthetic index fond. Sadly, nobody offers
           | that.
        
             | alangibson wrote:
             | You can just buy all the stocks of the S&P 500 minus
             | Boeing.
        
         | cdfuller wrote:
         | Where was that stated? In the press conference they said Boeing
         | deferred to NASA to make the decision because they had a better
         | perspective on the entire landscape of the problem.
        
       | spoonfeeder006 wrote:
       | At first I misread that as the astronauts would come back aboard
       | the starliner
       | 
       | And I was like...now I'm scared for them
        
       | Arn_Thor wrote:
       | The only sensible choice. Glad to see NASA make the right call.
       | Putting the lives of the crew over expedience is the correct
       | priority.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Many of you might assume that Starliner is a cost-plus contract.
       | Cost-plus contracts are common for large capital projects but
       | they often end up running way over budget because the provider is
       | essentially incentivized for budget overruns because they get
       | paid more.
       | 
       | It turns out Starliner is a fixed-price contract (for $4.2
       | billion). So when Starliner had an issue a couple of years ago
       | Boeing was forced to do another test and eat the launch cost. We
       | ened more of this.
       | 
       | SLS (and Artemis?), for example, is largely done by cost-plus
       | contracts.
       | 
       | It's common for companies and governments to want to have more
       | than one supplier so they can't so easily be price-gouged (which
       | doesn't really work but that's a separate topic). SpaceX got a
       | $2.6 billion contract for Crew Dragon and its launch cost has to
       | be substantially lower than Starliner's.
       | 
       | So NASA will still push Starliner for this reason. But this whole
       | debacle is deeply embarrasing for Boeing, so much so that people
       | at the top may actually get fired. That's really rare for the
       | executives responsible for a strategy to be held accountable for
       | its failures.
       | 
       | Boeing is just not in a great place and I honestly don't know how
       | you right the ship at this point. A fish rots from the head and I
       | imagine Boeing has descended into warring fiefdoms where some VPs
       | just try and increase their head counts so they can get promoted
       | to SVP.
        
         | firesteelrain wrote:
         | I don't agree that we need more fixed price contracts on
         | engineering, manufacturing and development (EMD) programs.
         | Boeing shouldn't have accepted firm fixed price. Cost plus is
         | the correct contract geometry with future production lot buys
         | as firm fixed price.
         | 
         | This was basically an experiment gone wrong.
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | It's funny to see the lengths some crowds will go to to avoid
       | mentioning that some South African guy's space company will
       | instead bring the crew back to earth.
       | 
       | https://www.space.com/nasa-boeing-starliner-astronauts-will-...
       | 
       | > Boeing Starliner astronauts will return home on a SpaceX Dragon
       | in 2025, NASA confirms
       | 
       | It's also mentioned in the NASA news release:
       | 
       | > Wilmore and Williams will continue their work formally as part
       | of the Expedition 71/72 crew through February 2025. They will fly
       | home aboard a Dragon spacecraft with two other crew members
       | assigned to the agency's SpaceX Crew-9 mission.
        
         | IAmNotACellist wrote:
         | Went from "NOO that's just an irresponsible conspiracy theory!"
         | to trickling that truth out, and then barely mentioning it.
        
         | Volundr wrote:
         | Eh? I haven't been following this closely, yet I've seen
         | multiple headlines the last few days about SpaceX rescuing
         | stranded astronauts, at at least one on the front page about
         | the spacesuits being incompatible. Who exactly is avoiding
         | mentioning it?
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | > Who exactly is avoiding mentioning it?
           | 
           | Anyone in this post, before my comment. During 4 hours, while
           | being the only relevant post on the front page.
        
       | IAmNotACellist wrote:
       | "They bought their tickets, they knew what they were getting
       | into. I say, let them crash."
        
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