[HN Gopher] You are not dumb, you just lack the prerequisites
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       You are not dumb, you just lack the prerequisites
        
       Author : JustinSkycak
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2024-08-24 13:57 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lelouch.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lelouch.dev)
        
       | bqc wrote:
       | Would you like to recommend any resource?
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | Kind of depends what exactly you're trying to learn, but if
         | you're working up to ML/AI, then there's _How to get from high
         | school math to cutting-edge ML /AI_ from last week:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41276675
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | This is really interesting but it seems too good to be true.
           | 
           | You're going to reply that it's not for everyone, but you'll
           | have nothing positive to say about the audience for whom this
           | is a bad fit, which is also a suspicious form of
           | generalization. It's kind of like how the chatbots and for
           | that matter most online learning resources give the psychic
           | feeling of learning.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | It seems impolite to make up your opponent's argument and
             | then make commentary about it. Maybe let them respond?
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | What exactly is too good to be true? The idea that there's
             | a path of knowledge leading from high school math to
             | cutting-edge ML/AI?
        
         | ydnaclementine wrote:
         | I've been looking at this textbook for awhile. Very, very
         | basics to calculus: https://www.amazon.com/Foundation-Maths-Dr-
         | Anthony-Croft/dp/.... I wish there was a table of contents
         | available
        
       | billconan wrote:
       | but when I read a paper, it's difficult to know what the
       | Prerequisites are.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | This is one reason why it's helpful to learn bottom-up when
         | possible as opposed to diving straight into the deep end and
         | trying to fill in missing knowledge as you go.
        
           | chrisweekly wrote:
           | I think there are certain circumstances where getting in over
           | your head and digging your way out is a better approach --
           | but I don't know how to distinguish those cases from the
           | rest.
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | I don't think there's anything wrong with trying to jump
             | headfirst into things that interest you. I would just
             | recommend that you need to be honest with yourself about
             | whether you're making progress -- and if you're starting to
             | flail (or, more subtly, doubt yourself and lose interest),
             | then it's an indication you need to re-allocate your time
             | into shoring up your foundations.
        
           | carlmr wrote:
           | Hm, I've always felt bottom up more difficult to learn. I
           | always found it helpful to first have an overview, a mental
           | map of sorts, of the high-level details, so that when I
           | looked at the details later I could make connections and know
           | where to "put" this knowledge relative to other things.
           | 
           | With bottom up I always feel lost because I don't know what
           | it's useful for, the relationships to other pieces of
           | knowledge, etc.
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | It can definitely be helpful to take a top-down approach in
             | planning out your overarching learning goals.
             | 
             | However, the learning itself has to occur bottom-up.
             | Especially in math. Math is a skill hierarchy, and if you
             | cannot execute a lower-level skill consistently and
             | accurately, you will not be able to build more advanced
             | skills on top of it.
             | 
             | I wrote about this recently here if you're interested:
             | https://www.justinmath.com/how-to-learn-machine-learning-
             | top...
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | It's good to have a high level view of what your ultimate
             | goals are, but if you are lacking too much foundational
             | knowledge you can't even conceive of it. Especially in a
             | subject like math, everything builds from the bottom up.
             | 
             | We don't give first graders an overview of differential
             | equations and their applications when we start teaching
             | them addition and subtraction.
        
           | ninetyninenine wrote:
           | The higher your iq the more easier it is to go top down.
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | Yes, which is why most people struggle so much with the
             | top-down approach ;)
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | My trick is to find the paper you want to read, but immediately
         | skip to the references; recurse until you get to a paper that
         | you more or less understand.
         | 
         | It's a bit time consuming but it makes paper reading a lot more
         | fun.
        
           | JustinSkycak wrote:
           | Reminds me of my colleague's recent post on his experience
           | getting up to speed on his dissertation topic while doing a
           | PhD in mathematics:
           | https://x.com/ninja_maths/status/1820583797491925386
           | 
           | I'll quote a snippet below:
           | 
           |  _"My biggest mistake when starting my doctoral research was
           | taking a top-down approach. I focused my efforts on a handful
           | of research papers on the frontier of my chosen field, even
           | writing code to solve problems in these papers from day one.
           | However, I soon realized I lacked many foundational
           | prerequisites, making the first year exceptionally tough.
           | What I should have done was spend 3-6 months dissecting the
           | hell out of all the key research papers and books written on
           | the subject, starting from the very basics (from my knowledge
           | frontier) and working my way up (the bottom-up approach)."_
        
           | findthewords wrote:
           | Finding a path starting backwards... also known as dynamic
           | programming.
        
           | cultofmetatron wrote:
           | I would legit PAY for an app that managed dependencies for
           | understanding a paper so that I could see the path I need to
           | take to understand what I'm reading. Could apply to books
           | too.
        
             | dataf3l wrote:
             | some time ago I was thinking about this issue, maybe the
             | concept of "parametric books" will become popular in the
             | future.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXktVbeWAeM
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tpb2rXtBos4
             | 
             | perhaps, with the advent of AI, one will be able to convert
             | a current book into a more detailed book, and also a
             | current book into a smaller book, so maybe this idea is
             | even easier to implement than 4 years or so ago, before
             | chatgpt (but after summarizers, which prompted the idea in
             | my head).
             | 
             | I would humbly appreciate any feedback on the concept of
             | parametric books, for now, it's just an idea, but it's a
             | free one, anyone is free to implement it.
             | 
             | thanks in advance, for your comments on it.
        
             | sn9 wrote:
             | I mean if you're regularly trying to read papers in a
             | particular field, just follow the curricula for
             | undergraduate degrees in that field.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Papers are a terrible way to learn unless you are already an
         | expert in the field, because the prerequisites tend to be "the
         | entire rest of the field". It's a rare paper that actually
         | assumes you might not know everything the authors knew.
        
       | fuzzfactor wrote:
       | Prerequisites are so important, and math is one of the things
       | where it makes more of a difference.
       | 
       | >You Are Not Dumb, You Just Lack the Prerequisites
       | 
       | I know what you mean, after years of study I now feel confident
       | that I don't lack the prerequisites to be as dumb as I could
       | possibly want to be ;)
        
       | asdf6969 wrote:
       | me except I'm socially dumb because I didn't learn how to have
       | friends in middle school
        
         | willismichael wrote:
         | Umm... most people are really bad at relationships in middle
         | school.
        
           | hypeatei wrote:
           | But people still had them. GP is saying they didn't have
           | _any_.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Having friends in middle school can be pretty tough.
         | 
         | Learning how to have friends in elementary school and high
         | school is a lot easier and mostly unconnected with middle
         | school friendship.
         | 
         | Hopefully your social life doesn't revolve around friendship
         | with middle schoolers, so no big deal if you miss out on that
         | skill.
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | Not always, but a lot of times not having friends in Middle
         | School is class based. When I had this age I moved schools, in
         | the first one I was objectively poorer than almost everyone
         | else and the subject of bullying and loneliness. I would hide
         | in the library during reccess not only because I liked reading,
         | but to avoid the pain.
         | 
         | Moved to another school were I was absolutely average socio-
         | economically speaking, had some of the best years in my life.
         | Rich kids are incredibly cruel.
        
       | anubhavs wrote:
       | Some courses in my university were restricted to students in
       | their third year or above because of "mathematical maturity",
       | which I thought was complete BS because some of the courses had
       | no other prerequisites. But after taking some of them, I get it.
       | There's a general sense of problem solving flow that takes time
       | to develop.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | In mathematics in particular, one abstraction is built on top
         | of another. It's like trying to read without knowing the
         | alphabet.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | I often refer to this quite explicitly, something like "my
           | skills include reading and writing modern math", as if it was
           | a foreign language, or musical notation.
        
       | findthewords wrote:
       | Most people are of average intelligence. Suppose that
       | 
       | -a few IQ points here or there makes little difference in one's
       | aptitude in real-world tasks
       | 
       | -we then must accept that when most people think they are "dumb",
       | there is some other effect going on such as:
       | 
       | -lack of resources, hunger, mental distractions, illness, or
       | motivating incentives.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | Are you suggesting that when a student is struggling in
         | calculus class due to not knowing their algebra, their issue
         | can somehow be resolved without them having to learn algebra?
        
           | danans wrote:
           | I think they are suggesting that they might not have leaned
           | algebra because of
           | 
           | > lack of resources, hunger, mental distractions, illness, or
           | motivating incentives
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | Most people who are bad at math doesn't have those issues,
             | lots of well off people are stupid.
             | 
             | Edit: Also lots of people who lack many of those things
             | still learn math very well. So it isn't a very good
             | explanation. If you need optimal circumstances to learn
             | then you have a problem.
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | I'd argue motivation plays a much bigger role than
               | intelligence.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Everything I said is still right.
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | Hardly.
               | 
               | Yes, you can contort your definition of intelligence to
               | be one where you have to be able to overcome whatever
               | personal struggles one might have.
               | 
               | But you wouldn't be actually measuring intelligence. And
               | creating an environment that allows for more people to
               | thrive isn't catering to the stupid either.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Not sure what you are arguing, you didn't seem to read my
               | post? I never said we shouldn't try to make more people
               | succeed, or that everyone who fails are stupid.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > lots of well off people are stupid
               | 
               | Sure, but being well-off can also cause mental
               | distractions and suboptimal motivations.
               | 
               | Having resources, well-off parents can pay for help in
               | addressing those problems, but they have to first
               | recognize the problems, which is something they might be
               | resistant to.
               | 
               | In the extreme form of this (in terms of wealth, learning
               | problems, denial thereof, and poor academic performance),
               | you get very wealthy people paying/bribing for elite
               | credentials and access for their children.
        
               | dleink wrote:
               | "Most people are bad at math" doesn't matter, "When
               | someone has those issues they are more likely to be bad
               | at math" is what we're talking about.
        
         | brigadier132 wrote:
         | I think a few iq points is actually much more impactful than
         | you realize. 1 iq point boosts lifetime earnings by $50k.
         | 
         | https://www.sebjenseb.net/p/how-profitable-is-embryo-selecti...
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | I would say the most valuable benefits would not be measured
           | in currency.
           | 
           | not my downvote btw
        
           | max_ wrote:
           | If you used the same techniques used by IQ "research"
           | peddlers to invest money in the stock market, choose startup
           | founders or business managers -- you would go bankrupt with a
           | probability of 1
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | That is why finding the right study materials for the
       | fundamentals of a subject is so important. Take some time to find
       | out the right method and material when learning something new
       | till it speaks and inspires you. You will learn much better and
       | faster.
        
       | eesmith wrote:
       | From Neal Stephenson's "Cryptonomicon", at
       | https://archive.org/details/cryptonomicon0000step_b9v1/page/... :
       | 
       | > "Shut up about Leibniz for a moment, Rudy, because look here:
       | You--Rudy--and I are on a train, as it were, sitting in the
       | dining car, having a nice conversation, and that train is being
       | pulled along at a terrific clip by certain locomotives named The
       | Bertrand Russell and Riemann and Euler and others. And our friend
       | Lawrence is running alongside the train, trying to keep up with
       | us--it's not that we're smarter than he is, necessarily, but that
       | he's a farmer who didn't get a ticket. And I, Rudy, am simply
       | reaching out through the open window here, trying to pull him
       | onto the fucking train with us so that the three of us can have a
       | nice little chat about mathematics without having to listen to
       | him panting and gasping for breath the whole way."
        
       | 65 wrote:
       | The way I learned programming was to start with the absolute most
       | basic thing I could think of - changing the color of a button on
       | click in Javascript. With that I could start doing slightly more
       | complicated things, until I could get a whole job as a
       | professional software engineer.
       | 
       | Learning is like climbing a staircase, and what you have to
       | realize is you can't skip steps.
        
         | ocean_moist wrote:
         | I tend to slightly disagree. Some of my most valuable learning
         | was taking on massive projects, and then just doing whatever I
         | could to make it work. Of course, progress would be slow, and
         | you'd need to chunk up the problem and take small steps, but it
         | rarely felt like slowly building up or climbing a staircase.
         | 
         | I think the trial by fire approach, just jumping into the deep
         | end, is a much more effective way to learn. It's also more fun
         | for me.
        
           | pajeets wrote:
           | I actually disagree with both of you. Programming is learning
           | and the code is the side effect of what you have learned. If
           | you jump at a large project but lack the fundamentals you are
           | going to wasting energy on stuff you shouldn't be.
           | 
           | Rather the best way to learn programming I find was to master
           | the basics, memorize the most used routines and commands to
           | avoid having to google it every time (ex. CSS)
           | 
           | The problem now is we have LLM which kind of negate the need
           | and we have lot of engineers who don't have good fundamental
           | systems design.
           | 
           | The other major issue is most of us engineers are scaling for
           | a future that won't come. It's sufficient to squeeze ton of
           | performance out of a single vertically scaled Postgres
           | instance for example without the need to do exotic
           | architectures.
           | 
           | So prerequisites are important like in the article but less
           | so now but the fundamentals and only learning what is needed
           | is critical more than ever (ex. Kubernetes for a blog)
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | The best way to learn programming is to read and understand
             | other programs.
             | 
             | It's a really fun field, and you can isolate yourself and
             | get very deep into thought, and then enter an exceptionally
             | rewarding period of cycling between work and learning. I
             | think a lot of programmers eschew more sensible things in
             | favor of exclusively working in this mode.
        
             | ocean_moist wrote:
             | > If you jump at a large project but lack the fundamentals
             | you are going to wasting energy on stuff you shouldn't be.
             | 
             | "Wasting energy" in this case would be learning. This
             | learning happens faster than following a tutorial and
             | "mastering" the basics.
             | 
             | > The problem now is we have LLM which kind of negate the
             | need and we have lot of engineers who don't have good
             | fundamental systems design.
             | 
             | Yeah if you use LLMs for everything you are just going to
             | struggle 10x harder when you encounter a problem. This does
             | not discount my point.
             | 
             | Also why is your name a slur.
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | > I think the trial by fire approach, just jumping into the
           | deep end, is a much more effective way to learn. It's also
           | more fun for me.
           | 
           | If people survive it this gets them past some substantial
           | mental hurdles. People who take too long on the basics often
           | get stuck in the beginner treadmill, not really progressing
           | but getting better and better at those basics.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, it's not perfect. Most of my colleagues who
           | have taken this approach have deficient mental models of how
           | computers work or are missing significant portions of
           | background or fundamental knowledge.
           | 
           | After the trial by fire, you have to go back and fill in the
           | gaps, hopefully deliberately and not just by future trial by
           | fire efforts.
        
             | ocean_moist wrote:
             | This isn't really my experience. I learnt ASM because I
             | wanted to reverse engineer a C binary. I learnt kernel
             | stuff because I needed to write a device driver. I learnt
             | low level networking by writing an HTTP server in C. I
             | learnt programming language design by writing my own
             | programming language.
             | 
             | This was, of course, before LLMs, but I don't see how I am
             | missing "fundamentals." They generally come if you are
             | building something non-trivial and are genuinely interested
             | in technology.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Books and courses usually list their prerequisites. Or good ones
       | do, anyway.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | One problem is that it's easy to _think_ you know the
         | prerequisites when in fact you don 't.
         | 
         | For instance, a student struggling in calculus may _think_ they
         | know algebra because they got a decent grade in algebra class,
         | even though they struggle to solve a quadratic equation and
         | they 've forgotten how trig works.
         | 
         | -- Maybe they got saved by grade inflation, or
         | 
         | -- maybe they did learn these things but they've gotten so
         | rusty that they need to effectively re-learn them again, or
         | 
         | -- maybe they learned and still remember everything from their
         | algebra class, but the class was watered-down and cherry-picked
         | the simplest possible cases of problems within each topic
         | (e.g., quadratic equation always has leading coefficient of 1
         | and is solvable via factoring) ...
         | 
         | There's a million different ways that a student can look at a
         | list of prerequisites and mistakenly think that they have
         | learned them, especially if the prerequisites are listed as a
         | handful of high-level categories as opposed to hundreds of
         | granular atomic topics.
        
       | nicf wrote:
       | I'm a tutor, mainly working with adults who want to learn proof-
       | based math, and the message behind this post definitely lines up
       | well with my experience! If you're the sort of person who's
       | animated by the idea of learning math but finding it challenging,
       | it's worth considering that you might be missing some knowledge
       | or skills that you'd be able to develop just fine if you knew to
       | focus on them.
       | 
       | There definitely is such a thing as "mathematical talent", but
       | (a) if you're really excited by math then there's a decent chance
       | your limiting factor is knowledge rather than talent, and (b)
       | there's plenty to appreciate in the subject regardless of how
       | much of it you have. My students come to me at all different
       | levels but if they have enough time and motivation to work on it
       | they all learn a lot of math!
       | 
       | There are also plenty of people in the world who just aren't that
       | into this stuff, but that's not really the population I'm talking
       | about --- unless they _have_ to learn it for some reason, it
       | probably doesn 't bother them that much that they don't know a
       | lot of math! And I imagine a good chunk (though probably not all)
       | of this group could probably find something to like in the
       | subject if it was presented in an appealing way.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | 100% agree. What I typically tell people is "your mathematical
         | potential has a limit but it's likely higher than you think."
         | 
         | Not everybody can learn every level of math, but most people
         | can learn the basics. In practice, however, few people actually
         | reach their full mathematical potential because they get
         | knocked off course early on by factors such as missing
         | foundations, ineffective practice habits, inability or
         | unwillingness to engage in additional practice, or lack of
         | motivation.
         | 
         | (My comment here is basically the intro to a detailed article I
         | wrote on the topic: https://www.justinmath.com/your-
         | mathematical-potential-has-a...)
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | That's an excellent essay. I especially liked this part:
           | 
           | " Active learning and deliberate practice will be covered in
           | more depth in later posts, but below are some key points:
           | 
           | - Effective learning is active, not passive. It is not
           | effective to attempt to learn by passively watching videos,
           | attending lectures, reading books, or re-reading notes.
           | 
           | - Deliberate practice requires repeatedly practicing skills
           | that are beyond one's repertoire. However, this tends to be
           | more effortful and less enjoyable, which can mislead non-
           | experts to practice within their level of comfort.
           | 
           | - Classroom activities that are enjoyable, collaborative, and
           | non-repetitive (such as group discussions and
           | freeform/unstructured project-based or discovery learning)
           | can sometimes be useful for increasing student motivation and
           | softening the discomfort associated with deliberate practice
           | -- but they are only supplements, not substitutes, for
           | deliberate practice.
           | 
           | - Deliberate practice must be a part of a consistent routine.
           | The power of deliberate practice comes from compounding of
           | incremental improvements over a longer period of time. It is
           | not a "quick fix" like cramming before an exam. "
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | Thanks! Yeah, I guess I should probably link to some of
             | those later posts about active learning and deliberate
             | practice in the article. If you want to read more about
             | that part you liked, here's the main one I'd follow up
             | with: https://www.justinmath.com/deliberate-practice-the-
             | most-effe...
        
           | wonger_ wrote:
           | And when they're knocked off course, they often develop math
           | anxiety. It's a very real sense of dread that's been
           | conditioned over time from test taking pressure, missing
           | foundations, and underperforming.
           | 
           | Then they're not just lacking motivation, they're motivated
           | to avoid math, which makes remediation more difficult. So
           | sad.
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | Totally. It's a vicious cycle. Once you get knocked off
             | course, you fall into this current that's pulling you
             | further off course. And the further off course you go, the
             | stronger that current is.
        
           | magicalhippo wrote:
           | I've had similar experiences helping my SO, my sister and a
           | good friend with post-high school math in various forms.
           | 
           | My SO had a teacher at school who'd determined she couldn't
           | do math, and had the worst passing grade as a result. She
           | wanted to go to engineering college and lacking the
           | prerequisites she had to take their pre-course, ie all the
           | math and physics required compressed in a year. She struggled
           | hard from the get-go, and I had to go back to elementary
           | algebra and build up. Yet after a few hard weeks the efforts
           | started paying off, and in the end she nearly aced the pre-
           | course.
           | 
           | My sister had never been into math, and had taken a
           | vocational route working in a kitchen. After some time she
           | wanted to go to college doing something else, and that
           | involved taking college level math. While not as strong as my
           | SO, again similar story where persistence and working the
           | foundations helped a lot, and she aced her somewhat easier
           | college math course on time.
           | 
           | My friend was a bit different, in that he'd never been
           | interested in math but had to take it to get the required
           | points to get into some uni program he wanted. He's fairly
           | smart but struggled with motivation. So for him it required
           | finding the right way of forming the questions so he got some
           | motivation to solve it.
           | 
           | These are my most direct experiences, though I've also helped
           | others here and there. It led me to believe _most_ people
           | could do reasonably well at entry-level college math (ie
           | basic calculus, statistics etc). For some it might require
           | quite a lot of effort to get there, but still doable for
           | someone with motivation.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | > adults who want to learn proof-based math
         | 
         | What is their usual motivation for this? Do they find they are
         | running into regular work or life situations that require it?
         | 
         | I think about all the math I took in high school and undergrad,
         | and in my adult life I have not used anything more advanced
         | than basic middle school algebra and occasionally some simple
         | trigonometry. I don't even remember most of what I learned,
         | other than very high-level concepts.
        
           | nicf wrote:
           | Motivations vary a bit, but most of them are just in it for
           | personal enrichment, and the people who are in it for
           | personal enrichment tend to be the most likely to stick with
           | it. There are definitely jobs that require more math than the
           | things you listed, but even if you have one of them the way I
           | teach is usually more optimized for curiosity than
           | professional goals.
        
         | elawler24 wrote:
         | I always thought I was bad at math. Then I decided to learn it
         | again from the ground up when studying for the GMAT. I hired a
         | tutor who completely re-taught me the basics and got me excited
         | about it for the first time. I was amazed by how quickly I
         | became comfortable with concepts as an adult, topics I assumed
         | I was innately "bad" at. It made me realize how many things I
         | could one day learn, given enough time and interest. Glad there
         | are good tutors out there!
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | Just wanted to chime in that Nic is an amazing tutor, and if
         | you're someone who wishes they had studied math more
         | rigorously, you should reach out! You'd be amazed how much you
         | can learn in an hour every week or two that's focused entirely
         | on your interests/strengths/weaknesses.
        
       | KronisLV wrote:
       | Lovely article, though honestly getting those prerequisites also
       | takes a lot of time, effort and either motivation or discipline
       | in ample amounts.
       | 
       | As someone who was the "smart kid" growing up, going to the
       | university without good work ethic was pretty eye opening, no
       | longer being able to coast on intuitively getting subjects, but
       | rather either having to put in a bunch of effort while feeling
       | both humbled and dumb at times, or just having to sink
       | academically.
       | 
       | Even after getting through that more or less successfully and
       | having an okay career so far, I still definitely struggle with
       | both physical health and mental health, both of which make the
       | process of learning new things harder and slower than just
       | drinking a caffeinated beverage of choice and grokking a subject
       | over a long weekend. Sometimes it feels like trying to push a
       | rock up a muddy slope.
       | 
       | And if I'm struggling, as someone who's not burdened by having
       | children to take care of or even not having the most demanding
       | job or hours to make ends meet, I have no idea how others manage
       | to have a curious mind and succeed the way they do.
       | 
       | Admittedly, some people just feel like they're built different.
       | Even if I didn't have those things slowing me down as much
       | (working on it), I'd still be nowhere near as cool as people who
       | dive headfirst into low level programming, electrical
       | engineering, write their own simulations, rendering or even whole
       | game engines and such. Maybe I'm just exposed to what some
       | brilliant people can do thanks to the Internet, but some just
       | manage to do amazing things.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | > As someone who was the "smart kid" growing up, going to the
         | university without good work ethic was pretty eye opening, no
         | longer being able to coast on intuitively getting subjects, but
         | rather either having to put in a bunch of effort while feeling
         | both humbled and dumb at times, or just having to sink
         | academically.
         | 
         | Modern gifted education is very aware of this and is working on
         | fixing that. How effectively, I dunno, probably not very, but
         | at least it's a hot topic in the field this century.
         | 
         | Damn near every person I've know who was "gifted" has a similar
         | story, myself included. There's a lot of lost potential because
         | we badly mis-handle those kids for years and years on end.
        
           | dsign wrote:
           | I thought that I was gifted, but in retrospect, maybe I
           | wasn't. I couldn't play any games well; not the physical
           | ones, not computer games, not card or board games. The other
           | kids would get them fast, while I was always dumbfounded and
           | it took me a long time to grasp the rules. Once, it became
           | popular to play Warcraft in my circle of friends and, try
           | hard as I may, I was the rag they mopped the floor with :-) .
           | But math, physics and computer sciences were another story,
           | because growing up I didn't have anything more interesting to
           | do than reading and solving exercises from old soviet
           | textbooks. So, I think I wasn't gifted, or just gifted by
           | serendipity.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | Symbolic manipulation and intuitive understanding doesn't
             | seem to be very correlated to me. I've met people who are
             | very good at manipulating symbols, but they aren't very
             | good at understanding less formal things like strategy
             | games well, they tend to invent way too rigid rules for
             | themselves and lose since they are bad at adapting.
             | 
             | So maybe you are very smart with symbols, but less so with
             | intuitive understanding? There is nothing wrong with that,
             | makes it easier to decide what to work on, focus on your
             | strengths and let others cover for your weaknesses.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | My memory is kinda shit.
               | 
               | So when I was in the gifted program, they got real
               | concerned about how I didn't know my times tables and was
               | super slow at a few of them. This was the 1970s, and
               | before I knew binary, so 7s and 8s caused me issues. So
               | I'd figure out 8x8 by going from 6x6=36 (real easy to
               | memorize) and then adding +6+6 to mentally fill out the
               | 8x6 block and then adding +8+8 to fill it out to a 8x8
               | block (I'm visual/geometrical).
               | 
               | I was the first kid in school to pass the AHSME to get
               | invited to take the AIME though. Being before the
               | internet, and being stuck on an island in Alaska, didn't
               | get me enough exposure to higher math through my own
               | self-direction to get anywhere on the AIME. If you don't
               | live anywhere near a University library and/or don't know
               | you can use it, that'll set you behind (at least back
               | then, these days there's YouTube and sci-hub and
               | friends).
               | 
               | I still think I would have hit a wall anyway with Math,
               | even with perfect exposure, because I'm visual and higher
               | Math seems to require being very good with symbols and
               | memory as well.
               | 
               | I suspect lots of people still underestimate me because
               | my memory is ass, and we associate memory with
               | intelligence so much (e.g. Jeopardy).
        
             | novok wrote:
             | You might have certain targeted deficiencies that make
             | processing those things well difficult. Like I have a hard
             | time finding things in visual space, so I'm not good at
             | jigsaw puzzles. I have slower reaction times & processing
             | speeds also which makes me not as good at video games as I
             | should be combined with the visual space deficiencies. When
             | a shit ton of stuff is happening on screen I lose my place,
             | while others might be able to manage it.
             | 
             | But I also show an ability to think and learn deeply and
             | score very well on symbolic and verbal intelligence, I also
             | connect the dots very well and show a lot of skip thinking
             | behavior. I call my brain a high torque, low RPM engine.
             | 
             | Also you might not like anything that is 'competitive', so
             | your brain shuts down in avoidance / disinterest. Or you
             | might think deeply about everything, so it always takes you
             | a while at first, but once you grasp it you grasp it at a
             | deep level unlike others.
        
               | dleink wrote:
               | Hmm, this rings some bells for some people I know. Did
               | you learn about those deficiencies and proficiencies in a
               | systematic way or through experience? Any resources you'd
               | suggest for thinking more deeply about these things?
        
         | Log_out_ wrote:
         | Somewhere sits a autistic gamedev, mulling over a beer:
         | "everyone i know can easily dive headfirst into low level
         | programming, electrical engineering, write their own
         | simulations, rendering or even whole game engines, but talking
         | to people or women ,some people are just built differently
         | .Wish i was born on the side with the greener grass..
        
           | veunes wrote:
           | But it's important to remember that everyone has their own
           | set of challenges
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | In university the environment changes dramatically
        
           | vaylian wrote:
           | Yes. This is mainly because of 2 reasons:
           | 
           | 1. Things actually get more complicated
           | 
           | 2. Most of your "teachers" know a lot less about teaching
           | than your school teachers, because they never had formal
           | training in teaching. However, there are some lecturers who
           | are natural talents.
           | 
           | The second point is why you have to do more work to actually
           | learn a topic. Your lecturer won't meet you halfway, but you
           | have to get a lot closer to them to grasp their explanations.
        
             | whiterknight wrote:
             | Formal teaching training never made a bad teacher good.
        
               | sn9 wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_instruction
        
         | wenc wrote:
         | Also gifted child here, but grew up with parents who drilled
         | into me that "effort matters, you might not be the best, but
         | with effort you can be better than who you were yesterday and
         | that is a worthy endeavor" It's just a slight switch of
         | mindset, but that small switch carried me through times when
         | subjects got too hard and when I wanted to give up because I
         | felt I wasn't talented enough.
         | 
         | I knew so many gifted kids who got perfect scores in college
         | freshman year (engineering) but started giving up when things
         | didn't come as easily to them. They all ended up leading
         | mediocre lives after.
         | 
         | I wasn't as smart as them but I knew I could always do better
         | if I tried harder (even though the ROI wasn't great at first).
         | So I just kept grinding (16 hour days studying). My GPA rose
         | very gradually until eventually I finished with a not-great but
         | respectable 3.6 (the 3.4-3.7 range is typically attained by
         | folks who maybe didn't have natural talent but worked hard).
         | That GPA got me into grad school where I got to study what I
         | loved (way fewer exams, more research).
         | 
         | Carol Dweck wrote a book on "growth mindset" that talks about
         | this. You don't have to read the book, but the idea of growth
         | mindset, though simple, has been really transformative in my
         | life.
        
           | novok wrote:
           | Sometimes the greatest gift you can give a gifted kid is
           | failing early at something they want, so they learn the grit
           | to achieve it.
        
             | wenc wrote:
             | Absolutely. No matter how gifted a person is, there is
             | going to be some point in their lives or some domain where
             | pure talent will be insufficient.
             | 
             | Even super geniuses like Terence Tao struggled (he nearly
             | did not pass his generals).
             | 
             | https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2019/06/27/living-proof-
             | stori...
             | 
             | https://web.math.princeton.edu/generals/tao_terence
             | 
             | The American Mathematical Society has a PDF of essays of
             | brilliant mathematicians (including Terence Tao) who
             | despite their abilities, faced obstacles and difficulties
             | that their sheer talents were inadequate to overcome, and
             | they had to persevere.
             | 
             | https://blogs.ams.org/inclusionexclusion/2019/06/26/living-
             | p...
        
         | nuancebydefault wrote:
         | This seems to be a story of a kind that shows up regularly at
         | HN. People who are smart in several ways but because they
         | cannot do what some other (1 out of 10000) people-with-or-
         | without-children can, they don't feel smart and are a bit
         | frustrated by it.
         | 
         | Those others make a 'tutorial for creating a raytracer from
         | scratch in a weekend', invent a format for a binary that runs
         | as-is on several processor architectures, or are maintaining
         | parts of the linux kernel.
         | 
         | I easily recognize such stories, perhaps because that story
         | might apply to myself as well. This unfulfillment treat applies
         | to this post as well as the writer of the article (the writer
         | indicated that before his 150 day submersion he felt a bit dumb
         | at mathematics).
         | 
         | The thing I want to bring across is now... we should not strive
         | for such capability. There are many things to learn and ways to
         | grow as a person, why beat ourselves up for not being very good
         | at this or that particular thing?
        
           | nsxwolf wrote:
           | Well, we let kids believe they're just not good at math, and
           | tell them that's ok I'm sure you're good at other things, and
           | they believe it, and wish we'd stop doing that.
        
             | nuancebydefault wrote:
             | While they are not studying maths, they can grow and
             | improve themselves in other ways, not?
        
             | dwaltrip wrote:
             | There's a world of difference between that and beating
             | yourself up for not being in the top 0.01% of performance.
        
           | KronisLV wrote:
           | > There are many things to learn and ways to grow as a
           | person, why beat ourselves up for not being very good at this
           | or that particular thing?
           | 
           | I'd say that this takes a lot of work to unlearn, be it
           | social media or whatever else seems to teach us to compare
           | ourselves against others. Even though there are people way
           | more brilliant than me out there (maybe they're naturally
           | gifted, maybe they have a better work ethic, or different
           | circumstances), it is definitely possible to be happy for
           | their success, rather than lean into being jealous or what
           | have you.
           | 
           | Of course, they will often achieve more than I will and will
           | lead better lives as a result of that, but that's also
           | something to accept and take in stride, rather than for
           | example believing that I'm some temporarily embarrassed soon-
           | to-be millionaire who's one good idea away from a lavish
           | lifestyle. Not that it should discourage me from being
           | curious about new ideas, even if writing my own particle
           | simulation quite quickly ran into the n-body problem and also
           | the issues with floating point numbers when the particles get
           | close and the forces between them great.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | Math is hard but fortunately programming is easy. I am just a
       | dumb soldier who taught themselves to program while traveling
       | around Afghanistan.
       | 
       | The down side of being a dumb soldier programmer is that it's
       | really really hard to find sympathy when people complain about
       | how hard life is when they are utterly reliant on a bunch of
       | abstractions and clutter to do their jobs for them.
        
         | brigadier132 wrote:
         | Don't sell yourself short, programming is just as difficult as
         | math. I'm confident saying if you are able to code you would
         | also be able to learn pretty advanced math.
        
         | YZF wrote:
         | I also taught myself how to program at a younger age.
         | 
         | You'll be surprised how hard this is for many people. I was
         | surprised by how many really struggled through the first
         | introductory programming course in university.
         | 
         | Math isn't that hard. But for almost everyone it requires a lot
         | of work to get to the next level. Some of the same skills
         | transfer. Something too removed from where you are feels very
         | alien, partly because of language, symbols, conventions, etc.
         | and also not having the building blocks/theories etc.
        
       | casebash wrote:
       | Just thought I'd add a comment as someone who came top of the
       | state in my grade in multiple olympiad competitions:
       | 
       | I always felt that a large part of my advantage came from having
       | a strong understanding of maths from the ground up.
       | 
       | I felt that a lot more people could have gained the same level of
       | understanding as I did if they had been willing to work hard
       | enough, but I also felt that almost no-one would, because it'd be
       | an incredibly hard sell to convince someone to engage in years-
       | long project where they'd go all the way back to kindergarten and
       | rebuild their knowledge from the ground up.
       | 
       | In other words, excellence is often the accumulation of small
       | advantages over time.
        
         | ofrzeta wrote:
         | I can only blame teachers. In primary school after four years
         | they finally managed that there's only on kid per class left
         | (that would be you I guess) has fun with math. At home I am
         | fighting an uphill battle because I know it can be fun (my kid
         | even likes logic puzzles). Living in Germany, for the record.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | I'd rather blame the system that teaches the teachers. I'm
           | certainly not going to blame someone for not knowing how to
           | teach an onramp that they don't even know exists because they
           | themselves were never taught properly.
        
             | doubled112 wrote:
             | Sometimes it's just the teacher.
             | 
             | I loved reading until my grade 4 teacher decided we would
             | all write a book report every week. Haven't read a story
             | book since. It's been 20+ years.
             | 
             | Forced fun is never fun. The other grade 4 class wrote
             | three that year.
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | People react differently to task and teachers, there is
               | no one way to do it. I got good grades because a teacher
               | let us repeat a task like "write a report" seven-fourteen
               | times. The feedback was given by him in class
               | highlighting the important points of getting a good
               | grades, and then 24 hours after handing in the report we
               | got it back with notes mentioning which important parts
               | we had missed.
               | 
               | This thought me the rather simple lesson that getting it
               | right on the first try is really hard.
               | 
               | Writing a book report is completely different from
               | reading a book. I have heard people doing literature in
               | university being sick of books because of the same issue.
        
               | dleink wrote:
               | That sounds like a dream. I have a distinct memory of
               | doing in class writing in 3rd grade where the teacher
               | would force us to redo it if there were mistakes and give
               | minimal feedback. As far as my 3rd grade memory can
               | recall, I rewrote it several thousands times and never
               | got it all the way right.
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | The idea of starting from scratch and rebuilding one's
         | knowledge, especially when it means going back to the basics,
         | is daunting
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | I think much of that 'daunt' comes from the lack of
           | instructional resources needed to support a solo journey
           | through higher math. Yes, there are some great illuminating
           | sources (like Kahn Academy and 3blue1brown), but if you're
           | embarking on an epic quest (like recapping a BA in math), the
           | essential guidance needed for coherent and graceful passage
           | through all the requisite concepts simply does not exist --
           | short of reading 20 HS and college textbooks, which will
           | subject you to a maddening amount of redundancy while leaving
           | many fundamental concepts underexplained.
           | 
           | The day that large language models can capably tutor me
           | through the many twisted turns of higher math -- that's when
           | I'll believe that deep AI has achieved something truly
           | useful.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Can you link a chat and show specifically where one falls
             | off explaining, eg complex numbers or integration by parts?
             | it's been a while since my math minor, but ChatGPT seemed
             | to be able to guide me through what I recall of those
             | topics.
        
         | novok wrote:
         | I think mathematics education is pretty horrible this way. You
         | only start actually learning the foundations of math in your
         | 3rd or 4th year of undergrad.
         | 
         | At least nowadays there is a shit ton of youtube resources and
         | more, so a self interested kid can learn it far easier. I tried
         | and the books that were out there were... sparse and textbooks
         | are written for other professors, not students.
        
       | ocean_moist wrote:
       | Some credit needs to be given for just jumping in. Just
       | analytically breaking down complex problems into pieces that are
       | understandable.
       | 
       | It's often faster to work top-down and turn unknown unknowns ->
       | known unknowns -> known knowns.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | It can definitely be helpful to take a top-down approach in
         | planning out your overarching learning goals.
         | 
         | However, the learning itself has to occur bottom-up. Especially
         | in math. Math is a skill hierarchy, and if you cannot execute a
         | lower-level skill consistently and accurately, you will not be
         | able to build more advanced skills on top of it.
        
           | MichaelNolan wrote:
           | I think these conversations of top down vs bottom up, are
           | frequently a case where people are talking past each other
           | due to using different definitions, and having different
           | goals. And I think this is especially common when one of the
           | people is a software engineer, and the other is not.
           | 
           | For software, the tooling and the abstractions are so
           | powerful that you can make incredible software without
           | knowing what's really happening under the surface. Imagine an
           | "abstraction ladder", with each level building on the
           | previous level. Frequently in software development, you only
           | need to understand a single level n, and maybe a little of
           | n-1, to make great software. So the advice of "just jump in"
           | is often great advice because you're jumping into a "shallow
           | pool".
           | 
           | (P.S, I love the work you're doing with MathAcademy, though I
           | wish there was discounted price for "casual" learners that
           | only have an hour or two a month)
        
             | JustinSkycak wrote:
             | Agree, it depends highly on goals. _Using_ off-the-shelf ML
             | /AI models (to make great software) requires far less
             | background knowledge than _implementing_ new models being
             | introduced in papers, which in turn requires far less
             | background knowledge than _producing_ new models that
             | improve upon the state-of-the-art.
             | 
             | Thanks for the kind words about Math Academy! It's true
             | that we focus on students who are trying to acquire math
             | skills to the highest degree possible -- we teach math as
             | if we were training a professional athlete or musician. We
             | maximize learning efficiency in the sense that we minimize
             | the amount of work required to learn math to the fullest
             | extent.
             | 
             | I realize that there are many learners who only want to
             | devote an hour or two per month, but, at least right now,
             | such learners would be better served elsewhere. It's a
             | totally different optimization problem -- maximize surface-
             | level coverage subject to some fixed, miniscule amount of
             | work -- and as a result it would require different
             | different curriculum and possibly different training
             | techniques (or at least, differently calibrated
             | techniques).
             | 
             | But it's definitely an idea to think about in the future.
             | :)
        
           | ocean_moist wrote:
           | > Especially in math. Math is a skill hierarchy, and if you
           | cannot execute a lower-level skill consistently and
           | accurately, you will not be able to build more advanced
           | skills on top of it.
           | 
           | To be frank, I am only a math hobbyist and studying CS. I
           | haven't taken any proof based courses (only calc 3, linear
           | algebra).
           | 
           | However, it is my experience that once you get the initial
           | proof based stuff down and are familiar with common proof
           | writing techniques, you can pretty much learn anything.
           | 
           | I often start on an nLab page for a mathematical structure
           | and just click on links in the definition till I see
           | something I know. I then try and make sense of it and go back
           | up the chain. I try to solve some problems and see some
           | invariants. If I want to go more in depth I watch lectures on
           | youtube and then read a book about it and do some more
           | problems.
           | 
           | I'm not really sure if this is a top down or bottom up
           | process, but it seems more top down to me. Of course, if I
           | encounter a whole field I don't know then I need to start
           | from scratch and go bottom up. This is also for essentially a
           | late-undergrad math major understanding of topics at most.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Intelligence is far too complex to be meaningfully described with
       | a single number like IQ. Measures of physical capability don't
       | suffer from this issue - a person might be strong, or they might
       | be fast, and everyone knows that the power lifter and the
       | marathon runner use wildly different training regimens to improve
       | their abilities.
       | 
       | If physical capabilities are highly trainable, up to some genetic
       | limit that the vast majority of people never even get close to,
       | then it seems that intelligence must work the same way - e.g.
       | prodigious feats of memorization can be achieved via training
       | regimes (memory palaces etc.), as can one's three-dimensional
       | visualization skills (e.g. a chessboard layout, or rotating a
       | platonic solid, etc.) or the ability to rapidly construct
       | arguments using logic and reason - but we don't seem to be able
       | to classify different areas of mental ability as easily as with
       | physical abilities.
       | 
       | Sadly, this is one of those politically difficult topics as the
       | blank slatists and the genetic determinists (Lysenko vs. Galton)
       | have tried to use all kinds of pseudoscience to support their
       | ideological arguments, when the underlying point is just that
       | training your mind is as beneficial as training your body, and
       | everyone should do it at least to some extent.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | However iq is the most correlated number in psychology. It's a
         | heavy predictor of many many things. It's the one thing in
         | psychology that has the most scientific validation.
         | 
         | Yes iq can't measure everything that intelligence represents.
         | But it does measure something extremely important and
         | meaningful to us.
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | I think wealth might be more correlated, as it can be
           | estimated without testing based on tax data. It's also a
           | heavy predictor of many, many things, with scientific
           | validation. Including IQ test scores.
        
       | captainclam wrote:
       | A really fascinating corollary I've observed since I've gotten
       | into more advanced maths, or even doing actual research as a PhD
       | student, is that there's nothing special going on at the higher
       | levels. You're just working with different materials. Materials
       | that require more time and effort to 'get', but once you get them
       | they are just another tool at your disposal.
       | 
       | I was similar to the author in that, throughout high school and
       | undergrad, I presumed that the mind that could comprehend
       | advanced math or do novel research (in any field) was truly
       | unknowable. Like there was this x-factor they had that wasn't
       | there for me.
       | 
       | I've long enjoyed puzzle games (like The Witness or Stephen's
       | Sausage Roll). It turns out that problem solving in non-trivial
       | domains is never terribly different than problem solving in those
       | games, or any other domain really. Like my brain isn't doing
       | anything _different_ than the usual tree-search algorithm that
       | any chess player performs when they are projecting moves ahead
       | into the future.
       | 
       | Its just iterating on concepts that seem abstruse to most people.
       | But at the end of the day, deep problem solving in math or AI
       | research tends to be the same moving-shapes-around-in-my head
       | that I would do if I was trying to move an awkwardly shaped couch
       | through a narrow doorway.
        
         | dwaltrip wrote:
         | That's a really cool observation, thanks for sharing
        
       | ninetyninenine wrote:
       | No, this isn't universally true. Your intelligence does affect
       | your ability to learn math. It is not always just a lack of
       | prerequisites.
        
         | JustinSkycak wrote:
         | Sure, there is such a thing as mathematical talent. However,
         | few people actually reach their full mathematical potential
         | because they get knocked off course early on by factors such as
         | missing foundations, ineffective practice habits, inability or
         | unwillingness to engage in additional practice, or lack of
         | motivation. Basically, your mathematical potential has a limit,
         | but it's likely higher than you think.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | If you want to compete with Terence Tao, maybe. But everyone
         | with a functioning brain can get to a high level of
         | proficiency, I know because I've taught people who were
         | convinced math is an alien language and they lack the math
         | gene.
         | 
         | It's the same with any skill, lots of people are convinced they
         | can't make music, or learn Mandarin or what have you. 99% of it
         | is preconceived notions that they don't belong into a certain
         | club and because we keep telling people that if something's
         | hard for you, you're untalented and you should focus on
         | something else. But it's just effort, even if it's more effort
         | for some in the beginning, there's no magic in any of it.
        
           | ninetyninenine wrote:
           | Sure but it absolutely matters heavily if not just as much
           | prereqs.
           | 
           | I met a girl who struggled with trig and another guy who
           | basically trivially studied the subject and aced it. IQ
           | matters a lot.
           | 
           | We are talking in circles. Both matter but I'm saying with my
           | example above that even at basic math, both still matter.
           | It's not some thing where iq only matters for phd level math
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | True, but then there's nothing wrong with being dumb. I know a
       | lot of smart people, and they're all dumb about most things. Like
       | the universe, we're mostly empty, with some hot, bright spots.
       | What I mean is, don't think of yourself as fundamentally smart or
       | dumb, think of yourself as having a lot to learn, no matter who
       | you are or how others perceive you.
       | 
       | But sure, this is a good reminder of how you go about learning
       | new things. It's the Julie Andrews method of pedagogy: "start at
       | the very beginning (a very good place to start)"
        
       | password54321 wrote:
       | The real truth: if you aren't good, there is nothing wrong with
       | that and there are more than enough developers in the world and
       | people who are good with math. What we need is more people
       | creating real and interesting jobs for these skills.
       | 
       | Also most people aren't great with spatial reasoning. Chess
       | requires zero prerequisites yet the average level of chess on
       | chess.com is constant one turn blunders. It took only a year of
       | playing on and off to get to 98th percentile and up to maybe 70th
       | percentile most of it is capitalising on basic mistakes. We need
       | to stop deluding people with feels good content, that's how you
       | get memes like imposter syndrome.
        
       | pajeets wrote:
       | Streams of tears roll down my cheek as I write this because this
       | article perfectly highlighted that it wasn't the laziness but
       | rather what was causing it , mainly the lack of prerequisite
       | fundamentals needed to thrive in math field. Had I known this my
       | life trajectory would've been different instead of self loathing
       | and inferiority complex I built up around something so innocently
       | simple.
       | 
       | The rush of epiphany and self-forgiveness that overwhelms me
       | after all these years. I realize now that learning grade school
       | math in French and then started to learning algebra and calculus
       | in Japanese abruptly moving to an English speaking institution to
       | continue math degree (which i abandoned for reasons in the
       | article i realize now ) screwed me up big time because neither
       | French nor Japanese nor English is my first language.
       | 
       | For instance I would store numbers in French in my head and
       | perform arithmetic in French but to do any sort of additional
       | algebraic or calculus I would need to switch to Japanese
       | internally and finally write out response in English. Learning
       | the advanced topics in English was never going to work out, it
       | was like building a castle on sand and the stones are made out of
       | mud.                    I always thought I was too "dumb" to
       | understand math. During my school years, it was evident to me
       | that for some kids math was easy, and for others like myself:
       | painfully difficult.               This belief shadowed me for
       | years, a constant reminder that while believe I am smart... I'm
       | not THAT smart.               Recently, after 150 days immersed
       | in learning math, I had a stark realization.
       | 
       | The struggle wasn't because I wasn't capable, but rather, I was
       | simply missing a shit-ton of pre-requisite knowledge.
       | 
       | I wish I could show this article and translate it into other
       | languages. There are lot of young kids in schools who tell
       | themselves they are dumb or lazy because they can't do well in
       | math and sciences.
       | 
       | God knows how many of us are walking around feeling inadequate or
       | frustrated at ourselves because we convinced ourselves we are not
       | worth it or capable when in reality its the prerequisites both
       | conscious and subconscious, overt and covert we fail to realize
       | as fundamental stepping stones to success.
       | 
       | It might as well be that failure in startups or business ventures
       | or relationships even also stem from this principle: that the
       | fundamental prerequisites were not taught or caught early on
       | (either due to environment, upringing, socioeconomic constraints)
       | have solidified into bad habits, bad model of world, bad model of
       | others that ultimately transpire into bad thoughts, bad words,
       | bad actions and opposite outcomes of what we set out to
       | accomplish.
       | 
       | Going forward I must make it my mission to realize what
       | fundamentals and prerequisites I do not have and instead of brute
       | forcing and letting my ego ignore it, I have to put aside time to
       | build those basic building blocks.
       | 
       | A cathartic angst feels deep in me. Might be too late for me due
       | to my age and I fear I will ignore my own writing here and others
       | will too. It's truly sad that we are all realizing it this late
       | and will forget whatever lessons were learned. I wish society and
       | people would stop pointing fingers at people and rather realize
       | build tolerance from the fact that not everybody gets to build
       | the same prerequisites as humans cannot be the same, some are
       | innately inclined to better at certain things while others are
       | not.
       | 
       | Equal outcomes is a failure in the making and schools need to
       | stop and focus on helping students build prerequisites on their
       | own schedule and pace.
        
       | whackyMax wrote:
       | As a side note, the headline seemed a fun one, it seemed to me to
       | say "you are not dumb, but you just lack a few prerequisites to
       | be dumb".
        
       | veunes wrote:
       | > It's like trying to defeat a Elden Ring boss... at level 1.
       | Just in love with this comparison
        
       | GeoAtreides wrote:
       | You know how there's a window for learning to speak?
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_period_hypothesis
       | 
       | I posit there's a similar window for highly abstract thinking,
       | like math or logical thinking or, controversially, for learning
       | how to learn.
        
         | hervature wrote:
         | Why are you stating a hypothesis as if it was fact? I'm 30 and
         | started learning Spanish (1,000 hours so far) and think I'll be
         | near-native level in another 1,000 hours and maybe actually
         | native in 5,000 total hours which I might get to by the time
         | I'm 40. As we age, we simply have other commitments that we
         | cannot devote this much time to language learning. Kids
         | "easily" learn language because they can easily put 1,000 hours
         | of exercise each year for 5 years.
        
           | GeoAtreides wrote:
           | This is not about learning a second language, this is about
           | learning to speak in the first place
           | 
           | for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_period_hy
           | pothesis#Dea...
        
             | hervature wrote:
             | The leading sentence is:
             | 
             | > The critical period hypothesis[1] is a theory within the
             | field of linguistics and second language acquisition that
             | claims a person can only achieve native-like fluency[2] in
             | a language before a certain age.
             | 
             | Granted, I do admit I missed the subtlety that it applies
             | to learning a first language as well.
        
           | dranudin wrote:
           | I have lived in a foreign country for about 3 years. My wife
           | is from there and I speak with her in that language every
           | day. I also took courses until the B2 level. My communication
           | in that language amounts to easily more than 5000hrs. I am
           | fluent, but no native speaker would call me native and that
           | will never happen. My wife learned my language in school
           | since elementary school up to graduation. She lives in my
           | country since about 5 years. In her job she has to talk to
           | people for basically 8hrs a day in the local language. She is
           | fluent but nobody would call her native. Instead people
           | wonder where she is from because they cannot match her accent
           | to a particular country. Most likely we will never have
           | native competency in the foreign language. So if you make it
           | to native in 5000hrs, you are way above average.
        
             | dleink wrote:
             | I wonder if there's some kind of plateau you reach in a
             | learning a language that way. Like, what if you started
             | working with a hollywood dialect coach?
        
               | sn9 wrote:
               | Yeah there's definitely a gap between functionally fluent
               | and being mistaken for a native that requires some
               | intentionality and effective study that is unlikely to be
               | crossed accidentally/passively or by focusing on the
               | wrong things/methods.
               | 
               | Some combination of learning the phonetics of the target
               | language, 1000s of hours of comprehensible input, singing
               | to music in the target language, and doing impressions of
               | native speakers are all things that can help.
        
       | Dr_Birdbrain wrote:
       | I would be curious to hear what "better learning methods" the
       | author used. He calls them out but doesn't describe them.
        
         | rod_o wrote:
         | Pretty sure he means https://mathacademy.com/
        
         | DantesKite wrote:
         | According to this tweet, he used Math Academy.
         | 
         | " Excited to see a @_MathAcademy_ student blowing up Hacker
         | News with some insights they've realized about the process of
         | learning math!"
         | 
         | https://x.com/justinskycak/status/1827397012758917622?s=46&t...
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | Math as taught by one of my teachers made a lot of sense.
       | 
       | Some topics will come easier and click. Others will need to be
       | brute forced by practicing examples.
       | 
       | I can see how that generates pre-requisite knowledge one way or
       | the other.
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | As an educator, this is the thing I always say. If you try to
       | teach someone programming for example, try to make a honest list
       | of all required prior knowledge. This is usually stuff that is
       | totally _obvious_ to anybody in the field, but if you don 't know
       | it it might give you a hard time. E.g. that programs run within
       | the context of an operating system and the OS provides interfaces
       | for interaction with hardware.
       | 
       | Not all of that is needed upfront, but certain explanations just
       | won't make any sense if required knowledge is missing.
        
       | closetnerd wrote:
       | The source of about 30% of the hits I took in homework and tests
       | was, to this day, not having memorized the basic values of
       | Sin/Cos(pi, pi/2, pi/4).
        
         | YZF wrote:
         | Instead of memorizing the values you can learn the shape of the
         | graphs and/or learn the meaning of sin/cos on a right angle
         | triangle.
         | 
         | I think I got ok through a math/comp.sci. degree without
         | memorizing values but I will say the "mechanical" aspects of
         | math including trig functions and things like integrals and
         | derivatives involve drilling those enough to make these things
         | automatic (which is sort of memorizing but not exactly). I was
         | always lazy so I never got really good at that (and my calculus
         | related grades are evidence of that ;) ).
        
         | sn9 wrote:
         | Here's an Anki deck for the unit circle:
         | https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/1813562307
        
       | digger495 wrote:
       | The author's point about Elden Ring is especially on point..
       | 
       | Because not only do you need to be level 50, but you need to try
       | and fail five times before you see any kind of success.
       | 
       | Failure is _inevitable_. Quitting is optional.
       | 
       | You have to learn from each mistake.
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | I wish someone had told me this in school.
        
       | w10-1 wrote:
       | For many practical applications, slow learners do just as well as
       | fast ones, once they're up to speed.
       | 
       | Math teaching is mostly playing hide-the-ball, which teachers
       | justify by saying people learn more deeply when they figure it
       | out for themselves. But really that just shifts the burden of
       | backfilling prerequisites to the student.
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | > But really that just shifts the burden of backfilling
         | prerequisites to the student.
         | 
         | Not if the students were taught that way from the start, learn
         | for yourself at every step and you are never behind.
        
         | whiterknight wrote:
         | Are you suggesting that you don't learn as much when you figure
         | our the puzzle as oppose to being told the answer?
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Anyone here with developmental dyscalculia managed to overcome it
       | and get into math? I have no clue how to deal with numbers, I
       | know this is weird to say but it feels like they don't exist for
       | me.
        
       | CM30 wrote:
       | This tracks pretty well with my experiences learning programming,
       | both when developing websites and making video game mods.
       | 
       | The times I failed, I was looking at other people's work and
       | trying to figure things out too quickly and in an unstructured
       | way. I saw the complexities of a program that was in development
       | for weeks/months/years, then basically panicked and thought I'd
       | never be able to make something like that.
       | 
       | When I learnt the basics, I then saw how these problems could be
       | broken down into their simplest forms, and ended up learning a
       | lot more efficiently as a result.
       | 
       | Of course, having examples of what to do helps a lot, it's just
       | your examples need to be merely a tad more complex than what you
       | already know, not a masterpiece from some genius that spent the
       | last decade working on it. Or if they are from that sort of
       | person/company, you should try and break down sections of the
       | work at a time to understand where they're coming from, not the
       | whole thing at once.
       | 
       | It's much more reasonable to try and figure out how someone like
       | Facebook or Netflix implemented a profile page or edit button
       | than say, how the whole system works on a greater level.
        
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