[HN Gopher] Author-paid publication fees corrupt science and sho...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Author-paid publication fees corrupt science and should be
       abandoned
        
       Author : anigbrowl
       Score  : 262 points
       Date   : 2024-08-23 18:17 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (osf.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (osf.io)
        
       | elashri wrote:
       | > Publishers need money to pay for typesetters, proof-readers,
       | and editors
       | 
       | Maybe in the past but most of the journals now will return the
       | manuscript to the author or charge for revisions and any typing
       | service.
       | 
       | The margin in academic publishing industry is one of the highest
       | in all industries for a reason.
       | 
       | But I agree with the author that open source publishing
       | incentives publishing more papers even if it is of lower quality.
       | But also it does harm the repetition of the journal.
       | 
       | The elephant in the room that people usually avoid is that this
       | is a political problem. You cannot rely on publications and
       | journals impact factor in grant selections and academic careers
       | evaluations and expect to solve this problem. No scientist is
       | going to choose to publish an article on their website vs a
       | journal if it will not only not add but harm their careers. Yes
       | people put papers on arxiv but most of who wants to continue in
       | academia will submit them for a traditional journal publication.
       | 
       | And how would we fix that? That's a policy reforms of funding
       | agencies and academic institutions evaluation methodology.
        
         | throwaway14356 wrote:
         | So scientists created this new publishing platform called the
         | www but other scientists with no such expertise pretend it
         | hurts their reputation to use it? That seems rather comical. Do
         | they perhaps have a constructive argument to offer?
         | 
         | If they desire a harsh rigorous review mechanism it doesn't
         | seem very hard or expensive to build. Anon reviewers, top noch
         | reviewers, they can have many tiers.
         | 
         | It isn't the journal that has prestige but the track record of
         | its reviewers.
         | 
         | Mirror the topics on a discussion platform with separate
         | sections for different skill levels. Heavy contributors earn
         | bragging rights.
         | 
         | Mirror the topics on a wiki and have experts approve edits.
         | There is prestige in just approving contributions and having
         | conversations.
         | 
         | A chat client is also imaginable where one approves/adds
         | contacts by type of publication.
         | 
         | Each can run rare expensive advertising that lives up to
         | unreasonable demands.
         | 
         | But no? That would hurt the reputation - just because?
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | It is in nobody's individual interest to switch from an
           | established journal to a new one before at least half of the
           | rest have switched, so nobody does it. Scientists are also
           | being squeezed within an inch of their lives by the career
           | advancement / funding system leaving no time for the
           | organization of this kind of change.
        
             | RobotToaster wrote:
             | It's basically the prisoner's dilemma. Everyone knows what
             | would be best if everyone did it, but doing it while others
             | don't has a negative payoff.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | You are clearly unfamiliar with biomed research. Journals do
           | have prestige by themselves, by now. And it's not so much
           | reviewers but rather the acceptance rate on cursory read by
           | an (sometimes anonymous) editor that maintains it.
        
           | jpeloquin wrote:
           | The problem with gold OA is the proliferation of low-quality
           | spam, and the recommended remedy is to both restore
           | exclusivity (raise the barrier to entry) without supporting
           | excessive (monopolistic, exploitative) journal subscription
           | fees. The article's recommendation to build up society
           | journals has a decent chance of accomplishing this. It won't
           | prevent spam from getting published, but the only essential
           | aspect is to keep the spam easily identifiable (e.g.,
           | published by MDPI) so it can be safely ignored. The www seems
           | to facilitate the spam business model so I don't think the
           | spam will go away entirely.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Funny thing is I've had paper rejected where the only
         | complaints were about a few spelling mistakes and grammar. They
         | didn't say where but I guess that's enough
        
       | biomcgary wrote:
       | Publish or perish is yet another example of Goodhart's Law
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart's_law).
       | 
       | Paper count is a terribly easy metric to game when used to
       | evaluate academic output because publishing low quality papers
       | doesn't count against the authors.
       | 
       | We can fix the problem in an unbiased manner by using ChatGPT to
       | quantify article novelty, impact, and quality. /s
        
         | _aavaa_ wrote:
         | I almost missed the /s in my anger while reading that last
         | line. It's too close to being real...
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | You might want to get a paper bag to scream into:
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06292
        
         | OvbiousError wrote:
         | You also need citations though, and those don't come with low
         | quality papers, nor will they help your reputation. To get
         | citations people have to actually read your stuff.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Or organize a fraudulent citation ring.
        
             | dguest wrote:
             | Some scientific collaborations put thousands of people on
             | every paper, publish around 100 papers a year, and cite at
             | least 10 of their own papers in each one.
             | 
             | To some, that might be "a fraudulent citation ring". To
             | others it's just business as usual.
             | 
             | Of course a lot of academia has caught on to the ruse, but
             | the mitigations are pretty ugly: some funding agencies and
             | universities just stopped counting papers from large
             | experiments as valid scientific contributions.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | The problem is not really author-paid fees. It's the fact that
       | paper count and citation count is so important in the first
       | place.
       | 
       | Actually, if you want to fix the problem, peer-review should be
       | rewarded rather than publications, with accurate peer-review and
       | unbiased evaluations. Publication count should not be nearly as
       | valued, and peer-review should not be anonymous.
        
         | knighthack wrote:
         | > _accurate peer-review and unbiased evaluations_
         | 
         | And how do you even guarantee this, 'accurate' and 'unbiased'?
         | Any form of peer review will always have a slant, no matter how
         | 'objective' it is intended to be.
         | 
         | Until that can be ascertained, I don't see how peer review is
         | fundamentally superior. I would even argue that peer review can
         | be detrimental to true science, especially those on the
         | frontier.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | > And how do you even guarantee this, 'accurate' and
           | 'unbiased'? Any form of peer review will always have a slant,
           | no matter how 'objective' it is intended to be.
           | 
           | Peer review of peer review. Instead of a couple of scientists
           | looking at it, the peer-review process should be entirely
           | open. So other people can scrutinize it.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | > peer-review should not be anonymous
         | 
         | How do you prevent movement to an equilibrium where reviewers
         | give favorable reviews to the reviewers of their own papers?
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | > How do you prevent movement to an equilibrium where
           | reviewers give favorable reviews to the reviewers of their
           | own papers?
           | 
           | Peer-review of peer review. If all peer review is public,
           | then people can analyse the trends.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | What about those who peer review papers that are later
         | retracted?
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | Well, if the paper used falsified data, the authors should be
           | punished. We can't expect all falsified data to be found, as
           | some people are really good at falsification.
        
       | drgo wrote:
       | The entire research field needs major reform urgently. There are
       | so many corrupting incentives for its practitioners that nearly
       | most research findings (at least in my field: medicine) are
       | suspect. Most researchers have neither the time nor energy to
       | work on the important problems, to perfect their craft and to
       | understand the limitations of the scientific methods. The metrics
       | used in evaluating grant applications and academic promotion push
       | researchers to work on short-term sensationalist and easy-to-
       | publish ideas. This is sad because if there was a time we need
       | solid unimpugnable science is now.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | Yes, you are absolutely right, and this in turn has led to
         | people disbelieving science and things which were once a
         | bipartisan issue, such as climate change, has now been termed a
         | conspiracy by people on the right. This has only happened
         | because people do not trust scientists and science anymore.
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | What if science and politics really are corrupt enough to
           | corroborate the conspiracy theories? We need an
           | _International Journal of Conspiracy Studies_ right now!
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Funny how the unabashedly partisan are the ones who make
           | partisan statements in the same breath as their denouncements
           | of partisanship.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | Declining trust in science is not because of lack of open-
           | access publications.
           | 
           | The right is not ignoring research because it is behind a
           | paywall or because it hasn't been reproduced. In fact, the
           | right has chosen to willingly ignore research that _has_ been
           | painstakingly reproduced, all in service of the god of greed
           | and ideology.
        
             | DataDive wrote:
             | In my opinion the declining trust is science is due to
             | science being far less apolitical and far less objective
             | and less validated than in the past.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Yeah definitely dude. Climate disbelievers are actually
               | doing good faith deep dives into the studies and
               | identifying specific, real problems, and pushing for
               | better science to be done.
               | 
               | This is evidenced by... wait... what exactly?
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | Which era of science was apolitical, exactly? The one
               | where Galileo was prosecuted by the church? Or one where
               | the US military invested billions of dollars into early
               | computer science? Or one where nearly every physicist was
               | staunchly anti-proliferationist ?
               | 
               | Science has not, and will never be, apolitical. It is
               | just that you are noticing that the politics of some
               | scientists does not align with yours or with some
               | politicians, and so you're noticing the difference.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | Do you have any evidence for this?
               | 
               | I suspect in the 60s and 70s science was (in the public
               | imagination) wrapped up in a positive story of the
               | future, full of space travel and prosperity for all. And
               | now science is wrapped in a story (at least for some) of
               | doom and gloom. Climate wars, or creeping authoritarian
               | governments telling people what to think.
               | 
               | I suspect the experience of actual scientists, in labs
               | trying things out, hasn't changed anywhere near as much
               | as the public's stories of science have changed.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | How is science political? I am happy to work from that
               | premise, but it needs more than an assertion to be taken
               | seriously.
               | 
               | My experience is that people complaining about science
               | being partisan (which they tend to mean by "political")
               | do not understand much about science or how it works. I
               | am willing to believe that you are not one of those
               | people, but what you write is a bit close. So, could you
               | give some particular examples or facts rather than empty
               | phrases?
        
           | zaik wrote:
           | I'm not sure about the direction of causality here. Anti-vax
           | people or climate change deniers also object to well-
           | replicated results and would believe what they want to
           | believe anyways.
        
             | jononor wrote:
             | It does give them some ammo for low-brow dismissal of the
             | entire field of science. Which the more extreme may use to
             | convince the more reasonable people. Even though the
             | argument is rarely done in good faith, we do need some
             | strategy for dealing with it...
             | 
             | Being perfect is not really a realistic option though -
             | mistakes will be made in such a complex endeavour as
             | science. But if we can no longer legitimately say "it only
             | _a few_ bad apples", then we must improve things
             | drastically - or risk loosing all the credibility.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | Replicable is not a synonym for correct even though some
             | discourse about the science crisis treats it that way. It's
             | necessary but not sufficient. The academic literature is
             | full of studies that will replicate every time but the
             | methods are lacking rigor or are just outright invalid. The
             | classic correlation/causation fallacy pops up everywhere,
             | to pick one example. A paper that shows a correlation then
             | declares a causation will replicate just fine but still
             | yield wrong conclusions.
        
             | vixen99 wrote:
             | Can you please define terms so that I can understand
             | exactly what you mean? Meanwhile I decided to check
             | Wikipedia.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_denial says
             | 
             |  _Climate change denial (also global warming denial) is a
             | form of science denial characterized by rejecting, refusing
             | to acknowledge, disputing, or fighting the scientific
             | consensus on climate change._
             | 
             | I cannot assume this corresponds with your own use of the
             | term which is why I suggest defining terms but I'm
             | wondering if anyone reading this sees some slight problem
             | in the Wiki wording? Let's assume any disputation will have
             | to include peer-reviewed evidence if it's to be seriously
             | considered though according to Wiki, it won't be, whatever
             | the evidence. This is science - according to an anonymous
             | editor of Wikipedia? As described by Wiki, this is a
             | religion.
        
               | dekken_ wrote:
               | The fact that there is even a term like "Climate change
               | denial", means that it feasible to deny "the science"
               | (science is about doubt), because the climate scientists
               | actually can't prove anything, fundamentally. They only
               | have stats, and stat models, and there is no way, at our
               | technological level to even model a single mole of carbon
               | 12 (12 grams of atoms), so you think they can model an
               | entire planetary system? Accurately? No, it's not
               | possible.
               | 
               | They also like to muddy the waters, climates change,
               | because climates aren't even a thing, but an aggregate,
               | obviously. Anthropogenic climate change, is what's being
               | questioned, and that there is no certainty that it will
               | cause disasters any more so than if there was still
               | 300ppm CO2 in the atmosphere. Maybe 400ppm is bad,
               | doesn't seem so tho, we are living the experiment.
               | 
               | BUT also, I would bet Air Conditioners are far worse for
               | the planet than 400ppm CO2, even if they act together.
               | ACs, are, absolutely abysmal thermodynamically. Heating
               | up one space to make another space colder temporarily,
               | with high likelihood of CO2 release.
               | 
               | Slight tangent. Have you heard the sixth Dimmu Borgir
               | album? Good stuff.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFRwNYPsHwY
               | 
               | I wonder will it generate any discussion, or just be
               | castigated via downvotes, your choice.
        
               | zaik wrote:
               | "Psychology can't produce real results because we can't
               | even model a single brain cell perfectly. They only have
               | stats, and stat models."
        
               | dekken_ wrote:
               | You want people to think you're a specious disingenuous
               | person? It's of your own doing.
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | > The fact that there is even a term like "Climate change
               | denial", means that it feasible to deny "the science"
               | (science is about doubt), because the climate scientists
               | actually can't prove anything, fundamentally.
               | 
               | There are people out there denying the shape of the
               | planet, despite that it has been observed directly.
        
               | dekken_ wrote:
               | Am I talking about those people?
               | 
               | You're conflating things that are empirically verifiable
               | with things that are not.
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | I was responding to what you wrote:
               | 
               | > The fact that there is even a term like "Climate change
               | denial", means that it feasible to deny "the science"
               | 
               | This is clearly untrue. Some people, such as the 'flat
               | Earthers', deny plain facts.
        
               | dekken_ wrote:
               | Yeah good point, I'll try better
        
               | acidburnNSA wrote:
               | We also can't model every single one of the atoms
               | splitting in a nuclear reactor core, but thanks to stats
               | and models, we can predict how they behave to very high
               | precision.
               | 
               | Knowing whether or not anthropogenic greenhouse gas
               | emissions impact global climate can be reasonably
               | achieved with some modeling assumptions.
               | 
               | We may not be able to predict the weather in each
               | location for the indefinite future, but we certainly can
               | and do understand the general impact of bringing billions
               | of tonnes of new greenhouse gas into a system.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | Similarly, "We can't even model the inside of a proton.
               | How can you possibly know when a pot will boil?"
               | 
               | Turns out you can get pretty far modeling the macro
               | behavior without perfect knowledge of the micro details.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > Anti-vax people or climate change deniers also object to
             | well-replicated results and would believe what they want to
             | believe anyways.
             | 
             | Accusing your enemy of being beyond argument is just an
             | underhanded way to avoid making an argument.
             | 
             | There will always be bad beliefs, we will not always know
             | at the time which beliefs are bad, and the response to what
             | we think are bad beliefs should be good science, not
             | massive fraud studies on hydroxychloroquine published in
             | one the most prominent journals in the history of medicine.
        
         | aborsy wrote:
         | It has become a game of reputation, citations and the number of
         | papers. It works the same way that a company does, with the
         | actual work being done by students and postdocs and citations
         | accumulated by management (a lot of them don't do research,
         | rather spend time putting their names in different papers,
         | collecting more and more students, and playing academic
         | politics). After a while, they become a luminary and collect
         | awards.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | It looks eerily similar to the problems of businesses that
         | happen when all what the executives care about is the stock
         | price growth in the current quarter.
        
         | EvgeniyZh wrote:
         | What kind of reform?
        
           | paretoer wrote:
           | I don't personally see a solution other than student loan
           | money being much harder to get.
           | 
           | There is so much bad research because there are too many
           | researchers.
           | 
           | For myself, I think I am smart enough to have worked on a PhD
           | in economics but not smart enough to have done anything
           | worthwhile or to have advanced the field. I am certain I
           | would not have. Then in the face of this massive student loan
           | debt I would have produced junk research and try to game the
           | system to make the investment worthwhile. The incentives are
           | all ridiculous in the current system for most.
           | 
           | The idea politicians will cut student loan money in order to
           | produce better scientific research would be a good way to
           | optimize for losing an election.
           | 
           | Personally, I don't think there is a way out. If anything it
           | probably just gets worse.
        
             | EvgeniyZh wrote:
             | There are countries where student loans are not a thing and
             | the science there arguably faces the same problem.
             | 
             | PhD is not paid by a student even in US, it's all
             | scholarships.
        
           | sova wrote:
           | Get paid to answer important questions instead of getting
           | paid to provide sought-after results. I think that's the end-
           | point, the "how we get there" is now the question!
        
             | EvgeniyZh wrote:
             | Who decides what's important?
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | In clinical medicine, the system needs no reform, because
         | almost nobody's goal is to do research. Clinical research is
         | pretty unique in that it serves almost entirely hierarchical
         | advancement rather than science. Be honest, when was last time
         | you saw a clinical researcher formulate a consistent research
         | hypothesis and constitute a solid project around it? Almost all
         | projects are basically: 'I'll test that with homemade shitty
         | stats because it's trendy!'
         | 
         | So IMO, the first reform to conduct is to turn clinical
         | researchers into real scientists. That won't be easy.
        
           | firejake308 wrote:
           | Interested to hear what you mean when you say "turn clinical
           | researchers into real scientists." Are you thinking of
           | expanding the MSTP? Or just better statistical literacy for
           | physicians? Or something else entirely?
        
             | rscho wrote:
             | I don't know of any magic formula. We'd have to force the
             | change somehow, because it won't correct itself. But the
             | path is unclear, if there is a path at all. The current
             | situation is that most clinical research is performed by
             | MDs/MD-PhDs with no scientific background else than what is
             | taught in medical/doctoral school, _i.e._ they lack the
             | basics, and are usually more interested about advancing
             | their careers rather than science. That said, systems shape
             | people, and not the other way around.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | I was told long ago that the first rule of evaluating a
           | medical treatment is to ignore all the clinical studies
           | because nothing useful comes out of them.
           | 
           | I don't know if that's actually the case but that seems to be
           | the prevailing thought. Which is awful, because it should be
           | the opposite. Clinical studies _should_ be the gold standard.
           | They're often conducted by people who are better doctors than
           | scientists though. A zero-blind trial of n=4 might perhaps
           | not be the definitive study the doctor had hoped.
           | 
           | (Not to pick on doctors. My wife's one. Software developers
           | often fall into the same common "I'm good at this one hard
           | in-demand skill so I must be good at all of them" trap.)
        
           | jpeloquin wrote:
           | > So IMO, the first reform to conduct is to turn clinical
           | researchers into real scientists. That won't be easy.
           | 
           | Mostly, there are not enough hours in a life to be both a
           | good doctor and a good scientist. The few MD-PhDs who give
           | equal weight to both areas are both brilliant and extremely
           | driven. Multidisciplinary teams seem to have a better chance
           | at success.
           | 
           | I guess if the scientific education was done early
           | (undergraduate at the latest) dual training could work. Once
           | medical training and practice starts there isn't a lot of
           | time left over. And early / non-practicing science education,
           | for whatever reason, doesn't seem to be very effective.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | I think the scale of the problem varies wildly between
         | different fields of science. For instance, in computer science,
         | double blind reviewing is the norm, and the biggest issue is
         | that there is an incentive to produce more papers with smaller
         | contributions, instead of a mixture of larger, better, papers,
         | and 1-2 column notes that describe important, but simple
         | results (such notes used to be published routinely).
         | 
         | In other fields, not only are submissions not anonymous, but
         | editors sometimes override the reviewers (in both directions),
         | for what appear to be political purposes.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | Uhh, the elephant in the room for CS/ML publications is that
           | a lot of people hardcore lie on their results page since
           | almost no one tries to reproduce anything.
           | 
           | I've witnessed folks straight out of their undergrad with
           | literally 1 workshop paper at an ACL track conference get
           | thrown 150K starting offers by no-name startups. Imagine how
           | important it must be to get your first NeurIPS main
           | conference publication. The ROI likely amounts to 300K+ per
           | year, so if anything, I'm surprised that cheating/lies in the
           | academy aren't even more brazen. Dynamics like this are why
           | both Stanford and Harvard's presidents had to step-down for
           | gross academic plagerism/misconduct.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.359.6377.725
           | (2018)
           | 
           | 2. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/11/12/1011944/artifi
           | ci... (2020)
           | 
           | 3. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03817-6 (2023,
           | Nature)
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | I've seen it happen even when source is available. I've
             | also seen a lot of really terrible math mistakes in ML
             | because people don't understand the underlying assumptions
             | of the metrics they use.
             | 
             | The rot is everywhere because people forgot the goal. We
             | all get caught up in the metrics that are used to judge us
             | that we forgot what we were proxying in the first place.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | Double blind reviewing is not the norm in computer science.
           | You will sometimes see it, but it depends on the subfield,
           | the specific conference/journal, and even the year. In my
           | experience as an author/reviewer, the submissions have been
           | anonymous maybe 10% of the time.
           | 
           | And the biggest issue I see in CS is the focus on
           | gatekeeping. When many (most?) papers are published in
           | conferences with a single round of reviews, peer reviewing
           | becomes more about accepting/rejecting the paper than
           | improving it. The average review I receive in bioinformatics
           | is more useful to me than the average review in CS.
        
       | throwawaymaths wrote:
       | PLOS journals are some of the least bad journals and iirc it's
       | entirely author paid
        
       | drdeca wrote:
       | A thought I had: what if there were a service which maintained a
       | list of arxiv identifiers (or, maybe also allow doi identifiers,
       | but only if some extra conditions are met) that met their
       | standards for notability/interesting-ness/quality (each URL could
       | maybe be accompanied by the title and a list of the authors of
       | the work).
       | 
       | And suppose that all this organization published, was this list
       | of URLs (and titles and names).
       | 
       | It seems conceivable that, if their list became respected,
       | getting one's pdf on this list could, maybe (this seems a
       | stretch) prestigious.
       | 
       | Now, if they accepted submissions of URLs to be considered for
       | inclusion in a future issue of their public list of URLs, if
       | being on this list was prestigious, they would presumably be
       | flooded with submissions, and need to reduce the number of
       | submissions they received somehow. Then, I imagine them charging
       | some fee for submitting a URL for them to consider for
       | evaluation.
       | 
       | Of course, they might include a few documents that no one
       | submitted, in order to make sure the list remains useful by
       | having most of the most relevant papers in whatever field, in
       | order to maintain prestige.
       | 
       | Conceivably there could be multiple such organizations doing this
       | for different fields and subfields.
       | 
       | If this happened, it would seem to be essentially a replication
       | of the phenomenon of author-paid publication fees in academic
       | journals, but without relying on copyright or actually doing the
       | publishing of the articles.
        
         | wakawaka28 wrote:
         | Who would pay for an article they could get for free? Who would
         | pay to subscribe to a journal that just aggregates open-access
         | articles?
        
           | amatic wrote:
           | The scientific community, or the ministry of science of some
           | country, or a university - might find that paying for peer
           | review, for example, might be more effective in promoting
           | good science than paying for publication.
        
             | wakawaka28 wrote:
             | Perhaps that should also be compensated but you're talking
             | about another cost associated with publication (and even
             | non-publication). Since there's no guarantee that reviewers
             | even read the crap they are assigned to read, I don't think
             | paying them is the best approach. It would perhaps be
             | better to publish the names of the reviewers. And if you
             | reject a paper, you have to go on the record with your
             | gripes. I'm sure these policies would slow reviews down an
             | awful lot though. Reviews are only supposed to uncover
             | blatant errors I suppose, and not offer definitive
             | endorsement of results.
        
           | drdeca wrote:
           | In what I was imagining, the income was from people paying to
           | be considered for inclusion on the list. Reading the list is
           | free.
        
         | Laakeri wrote:
         | There are such things, they are called "arxiv overlay
         | journals". Couple of examples from my research area:
         | https://www.advancesincombinatorics.com/,
         | https://theoretics.episciences.org/
        
           | jbaber wrote:
           | This is great! I'm trying to think of any disadvantage.
        
       | achillesheels wrote:
       | Sorry but I have to disagree. It's the only way I was able to be
       | read.
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | Speaking as a published scientist, I never thought open access
       | was supposed to "put an end to the era of impact-chasing, false-
       | positives, and unpublished truths." The point of open access is
       | to stop paywalling science by parasitic publishers and it
       | accomplishes that. I also didn't predict that a flood of pay-to-
       | publish journals would lower their standards, but I only pay
       | attention to the top conferences anyway.
        
         | MichaelRo wrote:
         | @wmv has the correct answer.
         | 
         | The original argument is utopian (can never happen in a free
         | society) and basically proposes going back to an era of very
         | few scientists, like I dunno, when most people were illiterate
         | peasants and the sea of retardness was dotted here and there
         | with an Euclid or a Fibonacci. Which sounds good in theory if
         | all you had were Einsteins and Newtons and Kelvins but in
         | practice at least some of the available places would be
         | eliminated by nepotism, and most of the approved scientists
         | while genuine in their effort, would still produce mediocre
         | results. Science results, like LLM training, depends on scale.
         | 
         | So I would argue rather, let anyone who wants to do science, do
         | it. The cashier lady and plumber guy are unlikely to wanna do
         | research but out of those who do, eventually something's gonna
         | come out. Only it's not clear straight from the start out of
         | whom.
        
         | DataDive wrote:
         | I never thought "open access" means that an author would need
         | to pay $10K to be published in Nature ... that is a lot more
         | parasitic than having a library pay for subscription fees.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | Why can't researchers just publish something on a pre-print like
       | ArXiv?
       | 
       | Why do they have to go to Journals that require payment for both
       | readers & authors?
       | 
       | The machine learning/ml community pretty much gave up on the
       | Journal model and most of the ground breaking papers are
       | available for free on ArXiv.
       | 
       | Why are these scientists complaining? Is it just a prestige
       | seeking thing?
        
         | underbooter wrote:
         | They always have been able to. It's called a blog, personal or
         | company.
         | 
         | But everyone knows why "serious research" isn't mostly
         | published on blogs:
         | 
         | Corporations like Elsevier have successfully executed takeovers
         | of research centers (universities) and made journal submission
         | a mandatory rite of passage for academics joining the state-
         | mandated academia funnel. Don't publish? No postdoc for you. No
         | professorship for you. No grant approval or news coverage.
         | 
         | Do publish in an academic journal? All the work you did, all
         | the IP you invented, is assigned to the university and/or the
         | grant funder. You're basically a non-shareholder: a contractor.
         | 
         | Researchers who do publish on their own tend to be viewed as
         | cranks, since they generally don't use "journalese" and aren't
         | required to cite from the same pool of "officially published"
         | articles. Consequently, they also can't really get cited
         | outside of the blogosphere - a blog post isn't "legitimate
         | literature."
         | 
         | Researchers who don't publish in official journals and are
         | labeled cranks generally can't afford to do research long term.
         | 
         | So how do you divorce yourself from academia?
         | 
         | Start a research company or project
         | 
         | Get funding via grants, product sales, donations
         | 
         | Use your research to directly build products and get a return
         | on R&D invested
         | 
         | Decide to not publish your research in the open because doing
         | so would take away the information asymmetry keeping you ahead
         | of the competition
         | 
         | Oops, you are no longer publishing.
        
           | mapt wrote:
           | I lost a lot of respect for science when my advisor explained
           | that it didn't matter that the cutting edge work I wanted to
           | extend was being done by Some Guy On A Forum, I wasn't
           | allowed to to cite them, and a pity too, because it was
           | probably correct.
        
             | elashri wrote:
             | To be honest and judging by the amount and quality of
             | emails I receive weekly from people claiming to have a
             | discovery or sharing this last unification theory, this is
             | a safe assumption. The problem that peer-review solve it
             | not to waste your valuable little time seeing if this is
             | following reasonable scientific methods or not. It does not
             | tell you that this wrong or correct.
             | 
             | I ready about 30 papers weekly (below average) and I spend
             | 2 days out of my week reading them. This without having to
             | read anything, it would be a much worse situation where I
             | have to read too many just to find that many of them are
             | just written by cranks.
             | 
             | Someone can say we can can pay for people to have some sort
             | of verified aggregate feed of articles. Yes that is
             | possible and congratulations, you just reinvented peer-
             | review system.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > I lost a lot of respect for science when my advisor
             | explained that it didn't matter that the cutting edge work
             | I wanted to extend was being done by Some Guy On A Forum, I
             | wasn't allowed to to cite them
             | 
             | My strong guess is that your advisor was wrong (or you
             | misunderstood him). I've often seen citations to random web
             | sites. Even citations to _conversations_. The purpose of
             | citation is to give credit, not rack up points.
             | 
             | Perhaps he was saying it was too risky to base your work
             | off of some blog post, as his work was not yet
             | "established" because it hadn't been published.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | I think it depends on how the reference is used.
               | Something like "here is a proof or an explanation, it's
               | great and I am going to repeat it here but it came from
               | that website over there so don't think I came up with it"
               | is very different from "there is a proof over there so I
               | will accept it as true and you should too" (i.e., how
               | citations tend to be used most of the time,
               | unfortunately).
               | 
               | Even as a referee I would be happy with the former,
               | provided that there is a permanent link or a pdf of the
               | webpage in the supplementary material. I really would not
               | let the latter fly.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | > Corporations like Elsevier have successfully executed
           | takeovers of research centers (universities) and made journal
           | submission a mandatory rite of passage for academics joining
           | the state-mandated academia funnel.
           | 
           | I...think the causality on this is wrong.
           | 
           | "Publish or perish" long predates Elsevier's rapacious
           | consumption of journals. The reason they did that in the
           | first place is because they already _knew_ it was, in effect,
           | a captive audience.
        
             | underbooter wrote:
             | At the present moment it doesn't much matter how it
             | started.
             | 
             | Before Elsevier, journal articles or "letters" were just
             | correspondence between individual researchers. The big
             | publishers got into it later.
        
         | bruce511 wrote:
         | It's a filter thing.
         | 
         | Free platforms let anyone post anything without any filter.
         | Clearly that results in a lot of rubbish being included.
         | 
         | As the signal to noise ratio increases the value of the
         | platform decreases. I can publish anything I like on my blog,
         | but my blog has no reputation compared to a million other
         | blogs.
         | 
         | Of course filtering is expensive, biased, sometimes wrong,
         | limits access to information and so on. The current academic
         | system is pretty "broken".
         | 
         | But just making all articles free to post, free to read, isn't
         | the solution. We have that already and it's terrible.
         | (Facebook, YouTube et al.)
         | 
         | Ultimately we still need filtering - and thats the hard problem
         | that needs solving.
        
           | bjornsing wrote:
           | Filtering should happen after publication, and be built into
           | platforms like ArXiv.
        
             | bruce511 wrote:
             | I would suggest that it's hard to do that as an
             | afterthought. If the internet has shown us anything it's
             | that public curating of material seldom allows quality to
             | float to the top.
             | 
             | And when filtering, or curating, is exercised then the
             | argument swings between "untrue" on one side and "censored"
             | on the other.
             | 
             | Simply saying "it should all be open" without
             | acknowledging, or worse without understanding, the real
             | harm that approach could bring is to bring an overly
             | simplistic solution to a hard problem.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | > It's a filter thing.
           | 
           | I'm reminded of this quote from Ben Thompson:
           | 
           |  _In short, the analog world was defined by scarcity, which
           | meant distribution of scarce goods was the locus of power;
           | the digital world is defined by abundance, which means
           | discovery of what you actually want to see is the locus of
           | power. The result is that consumers have access to anything,
           | which is to say that nothing is special; everything has been
           | flattened._
           | 
           | Instead of filter, I tend to say curate. There are so many
           | papers being created no institution has the time to vet and
           | curate. They _want_ to use open access repositories and
           | journals, but they don 't want to bring hundreds of thousands
           | unvetted papers and books into their local catalogs.
           | 
           | There's also the prestige of certain journals, but like you
           | touched on, at a meta level that's just curation. Citations
           | and other scorings are attempts to address this issue, but
           | those end up heavily weighted towards older publications that
           | it's hard for new, possibly better research to bubble up.
        
         | EEBio wrote:
         | Grant application and advancement in scientific careers. As a
         | junior researcher, you either publish in impactful peer
         | reviewed journals or you don't get your PhD. As a senior
         | researcher, you either publish in impactful peer reviewed
         | journals or your PhD student doesn't get the PhD degree (this
         | hurts both of you). Moreover, you won't get grants so you can't
         | even hire a PhD student in the first place.
         | 
         | While scientists' prestige might be a part of the equation,
         | it's mostly the academic leaderships and fonds that have
         | brought us here.
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | The ML community is much less dependent on government granting
         | agencies than most other fields. A typical ML paper on arXiv
         | will have at least one and often many corporate funded
         | researchers. Problems like h-index hacking are a disease
         | created by grant giving: take away the government grants and
         | people lose the incentive to engage in that kind of scientific
         | fraud, as they'd only be defrauding their own employers. Who,
         | you can bet, actually are reading the papers.
        
           | elashri wrote:
           | > take away the government grants and people lose the
           | incentive to engage in that kind of scientific fraud
           | 
           | And the incentives and resources to engage in scientific
           | activities in case of other fields.
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | On the other hand, the ML community is especially big on
           | papers with cherry picked results and things that can't be
           | replicated.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | It's a funding thing - if you don't publish in highly-filtered
         | places, you don't get grants so you can't do science; no one
         | will pay for you, your students and your equipment if you only
         | publish on ArXiv.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > Why can't researchers just publish something on a pre-print
         | like ArXiv?
         | 
         | In my field, Arxiv has too many really suboptimal manuscripts,
         | too much garbage, and is not well indexed. Looking for decent
         | stuff is hard. I would really like our institution's library to
         | pay someone to sift through Arxiv full time and compile lists
         | of decent articles regularly. Like how they used to do when you
         | had to physically go to a library to even get the titles of
         | published articles. This was enough of a hassle to make
         | bibliography lists valuable. But yeah in the meantime, it's too
         | expensive in terms of wasted time compared to even Google
         | Scholar.
        
       | wakawaka28 wrote:
       | I think this can be solved (or improved) by making the option to
       | pay publication fees available only after the paper is accepted.
       | In fact, it could even be extended to after the official
       | publication. If the author then wants the article to be free for
       | readers, they can pay having already secured the paper. If this
       | was also combined with an anonymizing factor to hide the identity
       | of the author from the publisher, it would be perfect. But I know
       | that part is impractical.
        
         | gapan wrote:
         | Am I misunderstanding something? Isn't that the way it is
         | already with most open access journals? Apart from hiding the
         | author's identity from the publisher of course.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | My understanding is that's how it already works, at least
         | that's how it's been for the journals I've published in. When
         | you submit the paper you simply promise to pay if the paper is
         | accepted. Then peer review happens and if you pass, they'll ask
         | you to pay.
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | > The remedy is to abandon author-paid OA publishing and seek
       | less harmful alternatives.
       | 
       | That's just "No remedy is known" wearing a suit.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | To paraphrase Linus:
         | 
         | "Only wimps use traditional journals. REAL men just upload
         | their important stuff on arXiv and let the rest of the world
         | peer review it."
        
           | otherme123 wrote:
           | Our group always pre-publish to arXiv, as a way of saying "we
           | did this first/already" because we usually suspect, and half
           | the times are correct, that our competitor are on a similar
           | research. But as soon as we arXiv, we start the hunt to
           | publish with as high Impact Factor as we can. Why? Almost
           | 100% grants applications are going to evaluate you for the
           | weight of your publications, and some of them doesn't even
           | consider indexed publications below Quartile 1 or 2. The IF
           | of the journal is a direct proxy for your work quality.
           | 
           | In our experience, arXiv doesn't peer review at all. You get
           | some twitter posts, messages of congratulations, at most a
           | couple of questions. But nothing like the average peer
           | seriously reviewing your paper.
           | 
           | I wouldn't pay a dime to publish if my salary wasn't affected
           | (e.g. being Linus). I would submit to arXiv, Github, Twitter
           | or even a "Tell HN", and probably reach a larger audience. In
           | fact, the journals ask you to promote your papers on your
           | social networks, because they know theirs doesn't matter
           | unless you are Science or Nature. But sadly that's not how
           | the scientific world works.
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | You're totally right. In fact that's one of the main
             | reasons I gave up on an academic career. My collaborators
             | who still rely on grants are miserable, and with good
             | reason.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | Dramatically increasing the amount of scientific research
               | grant funding nationwide would be a natural response to
               | this part of the demographic transition and to the idea
               | of promoting college education, but instead we have an
               | academic pyramid scheme that drives huge amounts of raw
               | researcher labor off a cliff and into Starbucks.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | The whole grant driven, non-profit world is really an odd
               | place. It's hard to explain to people who haven't
               | experienced it first hand.
        
             | raister wrote:
             | I agree that being the first is important. I have had a
             | paper reviewed, then rejected, only to see the same idea
             | elsewhere a while after. I cannot say the reviewer "had the
             | same idea" nor prove, but it is known to happen. Putting
             | into arXiv remediates that. However, my personal issue with
             | that is that the journal might not be that keen to want to
             | publish your paper after knowing it was publicly available
             | elsewhere, as they thrive "innovation" and "being the
             | first" as well. It's a very difficult problem, indeed.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | What we did in the past was contact the editor first and
               | ask if they have any problem with it being pre-published.
               | Some do (most of them in our experience), some don't. The
               | paper always change between arXiv and the journal, so the
               | source of truth is the journal.
               | 
               | > I have had a paper reviewed, then rejected, only to see
               | the same idea elsewhere a while after
               | 
               | I've seen worse. A grant being rejected by the grant
               | reviewer, only to be re-submitted slightly changed by a
               | reviewer's friend (this is a small world, we know each
               | other) the next year. The inners of science suck, most of
               | us keep doing it because we are like monks: we love God
               | (Science), but we hate the Church.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | In some fields having it be pre-published pretty much
             | disqualifies that work to be ever published in a way that
             | "counts" as almost all high impact factor journals will
             | only consider unpublished research, so placing it in arXiv
             | means that this research will never be considered 'quality'
             | by the formal criteria and the work is wasted from the
             | perspective of fulfilling the obligations towards the
             | funding source which required Q1 publications.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | The problem is that the rest of the world does not really
           | like reviewing stuff. A few people hint frauds, which is a
           | great service, but that's about it.
        
       | OvbiousError wrote:
       | I published papers in the past. Are the fees (too) high?
       | Probably. Should publishing be free? Good luck with that,
       | especially now with llms.
       | 
       | I (my university) paid the journals, review was tough and I sank
       | a ton of work in both the first draft and the revisions. And then
       | upon acceptance the papers went both into the journal and to
       | arxiv.
       | 
       | Reading the new papers on arxiv was also my start of the day.
       | That is only possible if that list is heavily moderated, there
       | were around 30-40 of which I would read/skim 1-5.
        
         | Luc wrote:
         | It's almost like you think the fees paid by your university
         | went to reviewers and moderators?
         | 
         | That's not how academic publishers make billions of dollars of
         | profit each year. They don't pay those.
        
       | h4ck_th3_pl4n3t wrote:
       | Great idea.
       | 
       | Now realize that academia is getting more funding with more
       | citations and that's why research in a capitalist society relies
       | on successful research and not on failure (which objectively 50%
       | of results should be).
       | 
       | Then iterate on the corruption idea and realize that the only way
       | to fix this on a societal level is unconditional basic income.
       | 
       | Only with basic income and legally forbidden sponsorships you can
       | guarantee objectivity.
        
         | fdej wrote:
         | There's no a priori reason why the expected success rate of
         | research projects should be 50% and not, say, 1% or 99%.
        
           | h4ck_th3_pl4n3t wrote:
           | > There's no a priori reason why the expected success rate of
           | research projects should be 50% and not, say, 1% or 99%.
           | 
           | Humans are really bad at predicting the future, so I'd argue
           | that the large majority should be between 49% and 51%. A 99%
           | success rate would imply that humans can predict the future,
           | which I think is pretty much the opposite of how science
           | should work.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | I would actually put it 60-80%. As there is plenty enough
             | of ideas that should work. It is not really random search,
             | but applying existing knowledge or expectation to some
             | different area. If doing one thing with one thing works, I
             | would fully expect in many cases that doing same thing with
             | this other thing relatively closely related to also work.
             | 
             | Lot of research is iterative process and there you can do
             | iterations that you know could work and already ignore
             | things that certainly won't.
        
             | frankling_ wrote:
             | If you're able to predict the future with 50% accuracy, you
             | should start filling out some lottery tickets.
        
       | spiritplumber wrote:
       | Publications Georg, who lives in a cave and publishes over 10000
       | papers a year, is an outlier and should not have been counted.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | Next topic: how to surpass the economic religion, because the
       | current mania of making anything tradable and measurable in money
       | units actually IS A FORM OF RELIGION. Of course a useful religion
       | for those who know how to master it, but anyway a religion with
       | serious damaging effect on society and human development.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | The solution is on the funding side and the reader side, not the
       | publisher side. Scientists have to publish in order to get other
       | scientists to read their work and (hopefully) refer to it in
       | their own work.
       | 
       | This business of referring to other scientific work is what
       | drives academic careers and the allocation of research budgets.
       | Most of the better universities look at metrics that take this
       | into account. The problem is all the second rate universities
       | haggling for funding trying to boost their metrics.
       | 
       | Promoting scientific work is essentially an SEO problem. How do
       | you get other scientists to take your work seriously? Well, they
       | need to find your work when they are doing research for their own
       | work.
       | 
       | Getting the PDF distributed is the easy part of the problem.
       | That's a solved problem since the nineties. It doesn't really
       | cost anything worth talking about. It's not 0$ but close enough
       | that the difference isn't really worth talking about. Publishers
       | don't matter for distribution any more; it's all digital now. Any
       | website that Google can index will do for distribution.
       | 
       | The goto scientific SEO process hasn't really changed in
       | centuries. You submit your article to some exclusive groups of
       | researchers, anonymous peer review is arranged, and if deemed
       | acceptable the article is included in some publication. Which
       | these days just means they put it on their website. Actual
       | printed journals are a side show. Some publishers still do it.
       | But mostly it's a waste of paper.
       | 
       | The process beyond that is simple good old SEO. You drive traffic
       | by promoting your work at conferences, workshops, writing books,
       | by talking to others, etc. This is also how you become part of
       | these exclusive groups. You'll be invited to take part in peer
       | reviewing, editorial work, conference organizing, etc. And in
       | return, you are expected to refer back to work of others in the
       | same group.
       | 
       | The odd thing is that scientists don't really do any traditional
       | SEO. They aren't buying keywords from Google. They aren't messing
       | with their meta data. And they aren't optimizing their pdfs for
       | readability, AB testing various click baity titles. Nor are they
       | using analytics tools to measure how other scientists engage with
       | their work. They aren't running social media campaigns either.
       | This is super odd. You do all this work and then you throw it
       | over the fence and hope for the best. Why?! This is stupid.
       | 
       | The value add of publishing to some paid publisher scam journal
       | that nobody reads and where the peer review is basically bribing
       | the "editor" is of course very low. The key problem is that
       | universities don't scrutinize their metrics enough. That's
       | because they aren't independent. Like researchers, their funding
       | depends on public sources that look at metrics to judge how well
       | the money is being spent. That process is super corrupt and
       | bureaucratic. A lack of standards and integrity in this process
       | is the root cause of the problem.
       | 
       | Scientists referring to work from dubious publications is a giant
       | red flag that they are manipulating their metrics. That giant red
       | flag needs to be taken into account during grant applications for
       | public funding. This isn't rocket science. Like plagiarism is
       | frowned upon, referring to work from disreputable sources should
       | be frowned upon as well. It signals scientists trying to mess
       | with the numbers and not taking their own work and integrity
       | seriously.
       | 
       | This should be flagged by editors of reputable publications
       | because it threatens their own reputability. Grant application
       | reviewers should be flagging this as well. Metrics should be
       | created to automate this. Simply flag some publications and
       | calculate the least reputable authors based on their citation
       | habits referring to work in these publications. That will sort
       | things out in no time. If you can calculate an impact factor, you
       | can also calculate a reputability factor.
        
         | MarkusQ wrote:
         | > The goto scientific SEO process hasn't really changed in
         | centuries.
         | 
         | > You submit your article to some exclusive groups of
         | researchers,
         | 
         | > anonymous peer review is arranged, and if deemed acceptable
         | the
         | 
         | > article is included in some publication.
         | 
         | Barely 50 years, actually. Peer review is a latecomer to the
         | party[1] and is actually part of the problem. It's
         | fundamentally gatekeeping and (along with an analogous process
         | in funding) serves to slow/prevent paradigm shifts by locking
         | in popular models at the expense of creative thinking (e.g. the
         | amyloid hypothesis[2]). It's not part of the scientific
         | process, it's part of a concerted effort to tame and regularize
         | it.
         | 
         | [1] https://mitcommlab.mit.edu/broad/commkit/peer-review-a-
         | histo...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652035/
        
       | godelski wrote:
       | There's so many worse things. Like how people think research can
       | be measured by citations and h-indexes.
       | 
       | Yes, these things help, but if you're serious about hiring or
       | promoting just read the god damn papers. The numbers are no
       | substitute and it's insane that so many people outsource their
       | thinking to numbers when there's such rich data within arm's
       | reach. No wonder why people have hacked the metrics, no one vets
       | them -__-
       | 
       | As for journals and conferences? Fuck em. Post to arxiv or
       | better, open review. Engage with people who actually care about
       | your work. The whole purpose of punishing is to make your work
       | available and communicate with your peers. We've solved that. We
       | don't need them (well it's still nice to physically meet with
       | people. The conferences can stay, but they should focus on that.
       | Not being "arbitrators of truth")
        
         | JohnKemeny wrote:
         | You don't strike me as someone who has hired a lot of faculty
         | members... If you're hiring in your own field (which you
         | should), you don't have to read the papers. You're already
         | familiar with most of them, and judging by the venue their
         | published in, you also know their "level", so to speak.
         | 
         | As for open review ... You also don't strike me as someone who
         | has reviewed a lot of papers.
         | 
         | I've served on several program committees, and reviewed
         | hundreds of papers. I'm happy with blind reviews.
        
           | beedeebeedee wrote:
           | > If you're hiring in your own field (which you should), you
           | don't have to read the papers. You're already familiar with
           | most of them, and judging by the venue their published in,
           | you also know their "level", so to speak.
           | 
           | You're judging by reputation rather than substance. That
           | opens up the possibility of manipulating reputation to
           | achieve career goals instead of doing the hard work.
        
             | Ar-Curunir wrote:
             | Unsurprisingly, in the vast majority of cases, substance
             | and reputation tend to be at least loosely correlated, at
             | least in academia. There are high-profile exceptions, but
             | they are only high-profile because they are indeed
             | exceptional.
        
               | beedeebeedee wrote:
               | Perhaps, but it not only deviates from the practice of
               | science but creates the very conditions that science has
               | been developed to overcome- i.e., social status is
               | accepted as the driver of research rather than the
               | pursuit of knowledge. It might be considered ok for
               | financial institutions to make decisions on who to fund
               | or partner with based on status signals, but it is
               | galling to think that is how our scientific institutions
               | work. That practice seems as scientific as scientology.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | > You're judging by reputation rather than substance.
             | 
             | Is there an alternative, though? When hiring someone we use
             | their degrees, experience and credentials, all of which are
             | indirect ways of estimating competence. We cannot
             | realistically expect people to know all about someone's
             | career when interviewing them, it's not realistic.
             | 
             | It's the same thing for careers evolution. HR people don't
             | have time or skills to know about the science, and good
             | scientists already spend way too much time reviewing
             | articles or grant proposals, and sitting in various boards
             | and panels. There is no need for more administrative work.
             | 
             | I don't think the current systems are ideal, but I think
             | improving it would by fixing incentives would be more
             | efficient (and that's not only for scientists, it's the
             | same for any major organisation or company).
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Hard work doesn't scale. If you are already an expert in
             | the field, you need a few months to properly evaluate
             | someone's work. And if there are 100 candidates for the
             | position (which is pretty common), you have to spend
             | decades evaluating them.
             | 
             | In practice, you reject the vast majority of the candidates
             | by reputation, publication venues, paper counts, grants and
             | awards, and similar metrics. And then, if you are
             | particularly interested, you may devote a few days on
             | superficial reading of the works of the shortlisted
             | candidates.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | That you're struck that this is someone who "doesn't hire
           | faculty members" is exactly the best thing.
           | 
           | The academy is so corrupt it should be "shattered into a
           | million pieces and scattered into the wind". H Index ego, P
           | hacking, lazy lies because "no one tries to reproduce",
           | citation cartels, institutionalized systemic academic
           | dishonesty/plagiarism at the highest levels (presidents of
           | top universities and likely their underlings), "reviewer #2",
           | etc. It's all bunk, and most of it is designed to take
           | bright-eyed Ph.D's and grind their soul to bits before they
           | can realize that they can both out-earn and out-produce (in
           | an objective sense) most of their professors by simply
           | leaving the academy.
           | 
           | Being ineligible for tenure should be a badge of honor, as
           | the whole system should be abolished and the world would be
           | far better for it - particularly, science would advance far
           | faster.
           | 
           | Far more of HN needs to read Paul Feyerabend and actually
           | internalize what "epistemological anarchism" means. The
           | academy does not hold any particularly valid claim to being
           | closer to observing "objective truth" than anyone else. The
           | allegory of the cave/divided line (the primary justifications
           | for a lot of academic wankery) was one of the original lies
           | made by a nascent and authoritarian philosopher class. We
           | should have abandoned these ideas long ago.
           | 
           | Oh, and if you leave the STEM fields, the academy goes into
           | full on "charlatan" mode. I go into most social sciences and
           | find a wasteland of footnotes on Foucault and Lacan. That
           | Situationalist International was so successful that the
           | academy is still choked by an obsession with french
           | fashionable nonsense is an indictment of the whole of the
           | academy in the west. It's all intellectually bankrupt.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | You sound like review 2: speaks from authority and gives
           | criticism with little substance.                 > You're
           | already familiar with most of them
           | 
           | In what way? Their prestige? If I went about outsourcing my
           | opinions of people to others I'd hold many criminals and
           | objectional people in high regard while also looking down at
           | many great men. Even if this works 80% of the time you trust
           | *but verify*. Have some actual confidence in yourself. Stop
           | outsourcing your intellectualism.                 > I've
           | served on several program committees
           | 
           | Then maybe stop complaining and start critiquing.
           | 
           | You speak with an air of authority and that we should trust
           | you but give no actual reason why. Use your experience and
           | expertise to educate us. Don't just say I'm wrong, say why
           | I'm wrong. Convince me you're right not through ethos, but
           | logos. This is what everyone hates about review 2. Don't
           | become him.
           | 
           | I believe you've also missed the substance of what I
           | originally suggested. You're so caught up in the standard way
           | you injected it into my comment without even noticing. You
           | forgot the point all of this. It to climb the ladder of
           | academia, get grants, and all that. It is about advancing
           | science and moving humanity forward. The way to measure this
           | isn't meaningful at our disposal. You can't measure this by
           | citations or indices, by publications or venues. Again, they
           | can be a signal (I'm not saying to throw out the baby with
           | the bath water), but I don't believe you're naive enough to
           | not be aware of how frequent progress is made by those who
           | fail on those measures, how frequent it comes from a dark
           | horse. This should be enough to suggest that there's more to
           | it than what we usually consider. Academia has always been
           | about challenging the status quo, even if it is just to
           | verify. The problem with academia is it's created to give
           | refuge to those who want to spend their lives dreaming but
           | has become so structured you can only dream a certain way. I
           | get why. It's hard to differentiate useless pipe dreams from
           | those that push us forward. But in creating the structure to
           | prevent people from taking a free ride you created the
           | monster you tried to stop. Only now it has more power.
           | 
           | So don't just wave your hands dismissing, elaborate. Be
           | academic not arrogant.
        
             | JohnKemeny wrote:
             | >> You're already familiar with most of them
             | 
             | > In what way? Their prestige?
             | 
             | In the sense that I've read most of their papers, I've even
             | reviewed several of them.
             | 
             | I've literally just handed in a report for an expert
             | committee to hire a new faculty member, and I had read
             | papers from all applicants that were relevant and reviewed
             | for more than half of them.
             | 
             | >> I've served on several program committees
             | 
             | > Then maybe stop complaining and start critiquing.
             | 
             | I'm not complaining about anything. I just tried to lay out
             | my point of view.
             | 
             | And yes, I'm aware of the painful measures that citations
             | and impact factors are, but, like any other HN reader, I'm
             | aware of Goodhart's law.
             | 
             | My point is that we're (I'm) not using citations or
             | publication points to rank researchers. We know them.
        
           | almostgotcaught wrote:
           | > I'm happy with blind reviews.
           | 
           | Of course you're happy as the _reviewer_. I would be too if I
           | could criticize completely anonymously and have it counted.
           | Me as the reviewee? Not so much.
           | 
           | I always thought it was funny: in the US, it's a fundamental
           | right that you should not be criticized anonymously (6th
           | amendment). Ostensibly this is to prevent laundered
           | dictatorial rule. And in academia it's the norm lol. Makes
           | you wonder doesn't it.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | > Of course you're happy as the reviewer. I would be too if
             | I could criticize completely anonymously and have it
             | counted. Me as the reviewee? Not so much.
             | 
             | I would support double blind reviews in both roles. I don't
             | think it's fair to evaluate a manuscript on the authors
             | line up. I think it's irrelevant and encourages arse-
             | kissing to get big names on papers and reviewers that are
             | too deferential or combative just because of their personal
             | history with one of the authors. I don't think it is
             | healthy or productive, even when I am one of the authors.
             | 
             | What is your perspective, why would you not like it?
        
               | almostgotcaught wrote:
               | Ask yourself why juries and prosecutors and judges and
               | police are not anonymous but voting is.
               | 
               | > What is your perspective, why would you not like it?
               | 
               | Authors should be hidden from reviewers. Reviewers should
               | be made known to authors. Why? When some reviewer dings
               | me because he/she doesn't understand a fundamental
               | concept, or some technical detail, _or because I didn 't
               | cite their work_, I should be able to have some/any
               | recourse. Right now these people are completely shielded
               | by anonymity.
        
           | fraserphysics wrote:
           | I too have served on faculty search committees and reviewed
           | scores of papers. Many members of the committees only counted
           | publications. I read some papers and commented on them
           | without much effect.
        
       | netcan wrote:
       | Was open access actually expected to " _put an end to the era of
       | impact-chasing, false-positives, and unpublished truths_? "
       | 
       | Generally speaking, I don't see how the going ons of seconds tier
       | matter.
        
       | DataDive wrote:
       | Fundamentally, the problem is today science is framed as nothing
       | else but a competition, an olymic event, that produces winners
       | that we celebrate and losers, rather than cooperation.
       | 
       | If you got the grant, you won; if you did not, you lost. Losing
       | means you cannot hire graduate students you cannot perform your
       | job at all!
       | 
       | Now consider that around 15% of grants get funded, and it takes
       | about six months to determine whether you got that grant or not.
       | 
       | The desperate competition for money overshadows everything in
       | science.
       | 
       | Science is often thought of and presented as huge leaps, when in
       | reality, it is an iterative process that builds on small
       | advances.
        
       | ynniv wrote:
       | - Academia has become a paper throughput competition       - Open
       | access journals make it easier to game this system       - Ergo,
       | open access journals are bad
       | 
       | Well, he's right that one of those things is a serious problem
       | that needs to be addressed.
        
       | typedef_struct wrote:
       | Oh science. Peer review, the ultimate "LGTM", stands in for
       | replication.
        
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