[HN Gopher] We need to liberate the Postcode Address File
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       We need to liberate the Postcode Address File
        
       Author : edward
       Score  : 314 points
       Date   : 2024-08-23 06:36 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (takes.jamesomalley.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (takes.jamesomalley.co.uk)
        
       | jimbob45 wrote:
       | I can respect the arguments for making it public but there are
       | strong arguments also to raise a high barrier of entry to
       | discourage abuse. Further, the fewer users of the list, they
       | easier they are to police.
        
         | xnorswap wrote:
         | It's a lookup between postcode and address, what is the abuse
         | cases you're worried about?
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | Considering that in UK if you live in a building, the door
           | next to you can have a different postcode, I wouldn't worry
           | at all
        
             | xnorswap wrote:
             | If that weren't true, you'd have entire cities in the same
             | postcode. There has to be a boundary somewhere.
        
               | nly wrote:
               | Odd numbered homes on one side of the street and evens on
               | the other often have different postcodes
        
               | willvarfar wrote:
               | Postcodes are about sorting mail to match the delivery
               | rounds.
        
               | ooklala wrote:
               | Many buildings also have their own postcode! (The second
               | half of the postcode represents the 'delivery point'
               | which is basically limited by the amount of post that the
               | postman/woman can physically carry...)
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | Well, in Italy postcodes define city areas, and cities,
               | for example for my city the main postcode is 80100, but
               | my area is 80142, and it contains few buildings, so it's
               | different from UK, UK was the first time I saw such
               | specific postcodes, and I've lived also in Germany and
               | Netherlands
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Netherlands had a postcode per street
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | Oh yeah, I remember being able to insert just postcode
               | and street number in forms, but it's not as specific as
               | UK, I think
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | I've lived in a one bed apartment where the front and back
             | doors had different postcodes.
             | 
             | IIRC, the neighbours to one side in the same building had a
             | third postcode for their front, but shared mine for the
             | back.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Crucially, it doesn't have people's names in it.
        
             | xnorswap wrote:
             | Indeed.
             | 
             | If it's an issue that someone would know your address, then
             | it's an issue that they would know your postcode.
             | 
             | If it's an issue that someone would know your postcode,
             | then it's an issue that they would know your address.
             | 
             | I'm struggling to think of a scenario where you'd be fine
             | with someone knowing one of those pieces of information
             | without knowing the other.
             | 
             | It's not therefore an issue that there's a lookup between
             | the two. Indeed you can do it trivially with google maps,
             | or the plenty of other services that expose this database
             | through their operation.
             | 
             | Any safety concerns aren't at the layer of translation
             | between postcode and address, they're how someone tied
             | either of those pieces of information to a given person.
        
         | secretsatan wrote:
         | You miss the point that it was once freely accessible, and now
         | it is not.
        
           | scraplab wrote:
           | I don't believe it's ever been accessible for free. It's just
           | that ownership has moved from the state to a private company
           | and now it's difficult to make it open.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | Yeah, maybe you should pay a subscription to know your own post
         | code...
        
         | IneffablePigeon wrote:
         | What nonsense. Are you worried about physical spam mail? That
         | ship has already sailed. I genuinely can't think of any other
         | abuse vector for a dataset like this.
        
         | andrewjl wrote:
         | > Would open address data create privacy risks? No. Unlike
         | opening up more sensitive datasets such as personal location,
         | releasing address data - a list of the physical places
         | recognised by the government - carries few new legal or ethical
         | risks. Many other countries are doing this, including those
         | with strong privacy regimes. Open address data could only
         | create new risks if it were linked and used with other
         | datasets, and these risks should be managed in that context.
         | The harms created by the lack of access to address data are
         | more pressing.
         | 
         | https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ee7a7d964aeed7e5c507...
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | How exactly would that be abused? Denmark have a website where
         | you can enter any address, or an address close to where you
         | want to be and then let you select the right house on a map.
         | The same site will show you the owners, the purchase price the
         | taxable value, size, number of bathrooms, stuff like that. I
         | used it to find the address of a friend when I needed to ship
         | him a present and I only roughly knew where he lives.
        
       | shakna wrote:
       | Australia also has ours locked away privately. You can purchase
       | access, but...
       | 
       | You also need to sign a contract that you won't make the PDF, or
       | anything you derive from it, publicly accessible. (At least, that
       | was the case the ladt time I did).
       | 
       | [0] https://auspost.com.au/business/marketing-and-
       | communications...
        
         | tim-- wrote:
         | Isn't this G-NAF? https://geoscape.com.au/solutions/g-naf/
        
           | shakna wrote:
           | Not quite. G-NAF is a government owned enterprise, separate
           | to the privitised but government body of Australia Post.
           | 
           | G-NAF is the equivalent to the UK's National Address Gazette.
           | 
           | It's a separate body of data, that sometimes disagrees with
           | the "source of truth" that is Australia Post, and all the
           | post systems that rely upon them.
           | 
           | For example, it took two years for G-NAF to notice that
           | Winter Valley, Victoria, is not within 3356, but actually has
           | its own brand new post code of 3358.
        
         | memorylane wrote:
         | I think g-naf is freely available...
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | Sadly I don't think this would happen, particularly if Ordnance
       | Survey is responsible, all their data is paid for access.
       | 
       | We have a very different model for access to data produced by
       | government agency use to that in the US.
       | 
       | USGS Topographic maps: public domain / free
       | 
       | UK OS Topographic maps: paid access, and it's not cheep
       | 
       | US National Weather Service: Public domain / free commercial use
       | 
       | UK MetOffie: Payed access for commercial use
        
         | scraplab wrote:
         | OS does release a large volume of open data, but yes, the vast
         | majority of the good stuff is not open.
         | 
         | https://osdatahub.os.uk/downloads/open
        
         | normangray wrote:
         | I remember asking a USGS person about this. They remarked that
         | the other difference was that, compared with the OS, the USGS
         | data was a bit rubbish (I may be paraphrasing).
         | 
         | The USGS is funded by some shard of the US federal budget, and
         | does commendably good stuff with the budget it gets; it's there
         | for both high-minded and commerce-supporting reasons. The OS is
         | now (in a sequence of reorganisations from 1990 to 2015) a
         | private company with a government-owned golden share, and is
         | expected to be revenue-positive. The fact that it has more
         | money per square metre of country, means that it's able to be
         | _very_ thorough, mapping down to the level of individual bits
         | of street furniture.
         | 
         | Sidenote: the context I was hearing this included a talk by
         | someone from OS describing using reasoning software to do
         | consistency checking of their GIS: for example, if you find a
         | river bank in the middle of a field, something has been
         | mislabelled. I thought that was cute.
         | 
         | When you buy a data product from OS, you're buying some subset
         | of the layers of the database.
         | 
         | As the other reply pointed out, some of these layers are
         | available for free, and in the last few years there's been some
         | review/churn/debate in the data subsets made available that way
         | (I see there are more details on the Wikipedia page). One can
         | form a variety of opinions on whether those subsets are as big
         | as they could or should be, but there does seem to be a
         | substantial point that the level of the detail in the master
         | map is there because it's profitable for the company (and thus
         | income-generating for the government) to develop it from
         | surveys, and it wouldn't exist otherwise.
         | 
         | I think the Met Office is organised in a similar way.
         | 
         | There are a number of questions of principle and practice here,
         | but the OS seems to me to be claimable as an example (rare, in
         | my opinion) of a privatisation which has produced net positive
         | outcomes.
        
       | cuonic wrote:
       | On the other side of the Channel, the French government has
       | managed to create the "BAN" (Base Adresse Nationale - National
       | Address Database), a database of detailed postal addresses in the
       | country along with precise GPS coordinates:
       | https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/base-adresse-nationale
       | 
       | On top of the database they have provided an interface to view
       | the data, interfaces for towns and cities to keep the data up-to-
       | date, free APIs to search addresses and performing geocoding or
       | reverse geocoding (https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/api-doc/adresse)
       | and the data is openly licensed and available to download.
       | 
       | Feeding the BAN has been enforced by law, localities are required
       | to put together and upload their "Base Adresse Locale" (Local
       | Address Database)
       | 
       | The original data was obtained from multiple sources, including
       | "La Poste", the French Royal Mail equivalent, and OpenStreetMap !
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | Even in the far right US postcodes are public info :)
        
           | crote wrote:
           | The big difference is that US postcodes describe very large
           | areas. A 5-digit US ZIP code describes a town or
           | neighborhood, with on average 8200 people living in each ZIP
           | code.
           | 
           | Most European postcodes are far more precise, often
           | describing a single street, part of a street, or even part of
           | a building. Postcode + house number is usually enough to
           | uniquely identify a mailbox. For example, in The Netherlands
           | on average only 40 people live in each postcode. That makes
           | the dataset far more valuable for geolocation.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | The US also has 9-digit postcodes which usually map to a
             | single building or smaller: aren't they public too?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | They are public, but the post office changes the last 4
               | digits every few months so there is no point in telling
               | anyone what yours is. These days the post office can look
               | up your street address and give you all the information
               | they need - which is an 11 digit bar code good for the
               | next week.
        
               | aaronax wrote:
               | Based on my personal experience, I really doubt that the
               | last 4 digits of the ZIP+4 are changing more often than
               | once per decade or longer. I could see the delivery point
               | of the 11-digit code changing every few months, but you
               | are already aware of that code system so it is not simple
               | confusion between the two on your part.
               | 
               | Could you provide more information or a source?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | 20 years ago they changed all the time. Wikipedia doesn't
               | mention this though. These days the post office can read
               | the street address via computers and get the 11 digit
               | code they need, so I suspect they don't need them. (for
               | PO boxes the 9 digit code apparently doesn't change)
        
               | terribleperson wrote:
               | My 9-digit zip hasn't changed in at least 10 years.
        
               | sroussey wrote:
               | Mine has not changed in 25 years.
        
         | GJim wrote:
         | > GPS coordinates
         | 
         | *coordinates
         | 
         | There are four GNSS constellations, of which GPS is only
         | one...... a statement that negates the fact ones position on
         | Earth may be calculated using a variety of other means.
         | 
         | EDIT: In response to replies below; One isn't questioning the
         | coordinate system (!), rather the assumption as to how they
         | have been calculated.
        
           | arnsholt wrote:
           | In this context, it's not terribly hard to divine that they
           | probably mean EPSG:4326 coordinates. I was going to comment
           | that one of the ETRS89 UTM zones might be easier to work
           | with, but on second thought the data almost certainly
           | includes the DOMs if not the TOMs, so a global coordinate
           | system is probably best.
        
             | manarth wrote:
             | The BAN provide fields `long` and `lat` which are WGS84,
             | and also `x` and `y` which are coordinates expressed in
             | "the appropriate local CRS" (without much elaboration on
             | what that would be).
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Not to mention that "latitude" and "longitude" cannot
               | uniquely describe an address, regardless of the datum or
               | ellipsoid. Maybe that is not the intent of storing the
               | coordinates. Lat/Lon says nothing about floor number in a
               | multi-story apartment.
        
               | willyt wrote:
               | That would be the French national grid system, no? The UK
               | has the ordnance survey grid which is based on the OSGB36
               | datum. I'm pretty sure France will have a similar
               | national datum to create their own local grid coordinates
               | as planning and building works needs to be done in a more
               | accurately aligned local datum than WGS84.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | For mainland France it's reasonable to assume the French
               | national grid. But what about French Guiana in South
               | America or Mayotte in Southern Africa (an island north of
               | Madagascar)?
               | 
               | France still spans the globe, with many places treated as
               | equals to the French mainland.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | There are many _ways_ to calculate an earth position, sure -
           | to name a _few_ ; triangulation from stations, LORAN, or a
           | combination of the two with a frequency change and some
           | moving stations such as one of the five GNSS constellations.
           | 
           | There are _many_ coordinate systems; these days in 2024 it is
           | almost universal to calculate _from_ various stations _to_ a
           | WGS84 position, in that _coordinate system_ and using that
           | _geodetic datum_.
           | 
           | Back in the day, there were _many_ datums in common use,
           | based on a plurity of reference ellipsoids, with a multitude
           | of pojections in common use.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_ellipsoid#Historical_Ear.
           | ..
           | 
           | To this day there are several thousand indexed earth
           | coordinate systems:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter_Datase.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://epsg.org/home.html
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Like "Hoover", "GPS" is now a generic term for positioning
           | systems.
        
           | yard2010 wrote:
           | Fun fact: the word Nero (nero) means water in greek. The
           | actual meaning is fresh (I think it's the source of the word
           | "new" too). It turns out, that many years ago you meant
           | something else than fresh water by saying just water, so you
           | have to be specific when you're talking about fresh water. In
           | ancient greek water is udor (hudr, think hydro, water) and
           | fresh water is nearon udor (neron hudr). Sometime in the
           | past, the ancient Greeks were sick of saying 2 words to say
           | water. So they dropped the second one.
           | 
           | Something similar happens with GPS coordinates. People are
           | just saying GPS when they mean coordinates. even though the
           | logical thing to do is drop the GPS (neron) and just say
           | coordinates (hudr).
           | 
           | Personally, I think that language is just a bunch of symbols
           | that have no real meaning. Each symbol means something only
           | in a context, no matter how broad or specific. I would argue
           | that it doesn't matter which word is more logical to use
           | because logic is just a part of the context.
           | 
           | But you are right.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | Very cool. Nice effort by France.
         | 
         | For a while I played around with that kind of data here in
         | Belgium, it's not easy to get it all standardized and "usable".
        
         | mormegil wrote:
         | We have the same in the Czech Republic (Registry of territorial
         | identification, addresses and real estate;
         | https://cuzk.gov.cz/ruian/RUIAN.aspx (sorry, Czech only)). I
         | would even expect it to be the case in more EU countries, cf.
         | the INSPIRE directive.
        
         | gabesullice wrote:
         | A cautionary example of how data meets reality...
         | 
         | My address in France is listed in the BAN... but only to the
         | granularity of my street number (e.g., 123 Main St.).
         | 
         | Unfortunately, that number corresponds to at least 7 different
         | structures, 5 of which are apartment buildings.
         | 
         | Of those 5 buildings, each has multiple stairwells with their
         | own door and no line of communication between them--they might
         | as well be separate buildings.
         | 
         | My particular building has 8 levels with 2 flats per level. No
         | flat has a door number or letter, meaning I must say 'Nth
         | floor, door on the right' to give directions to a visitor. And
         | I could not receive mail until I affixed my name to my postbox
         | on the ground level.
         | 
         | None of that is in the BAN as far as I can tell.
         | 
         | Finally, on OpenStreetMap, the coordinate for the the street
         | number address in the BAN actually corresponds to an island in
         | the street that happens to face a private road that enters the
         | property. There is more than one entrance :)
        
           | tomsmeding wrote:
           | That sounds like chaos. Who thought constructing multiple
           | apartment buildings without any kind of sensible post code or
           | address was a good idea? Sure, this being reality BAN does
           | not apparently meet reality, but it does sound like someone
           | had the opportunity to keep reality sane here, and they
           | didn't.
        
             | gabesullice wrote:
             | Agreed. This is a pretty typical case though, not a fluke.
             | God bless the french postal workers. Don't invest in any
             | drone delivery services here any time soon :P
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | In Finland in similar case, each stair well has own letter
             | and each apartment has different number. So those are used
             | always with the street house number.
             | 
             | Though the later case is bit messy with cross roads. As
             | building can have two different addresses. Or same complex
             | of multiple building have two different addresses for each
             | building. With in my case one having A-C and other D-F
             | stairwells... Oh, and numbers also are not restarted at
             | least sometimes.
        
               | stevekemp wrote:
               | I live in Finland nowadays, and this system is nice.
               | 
               | I moved from Scotland where there are frequently
               | buildings containing multiple apartments - tenements -
               | there are there are two systems for the labeling of the
               | apartments.
               | 
               | The first is the obvious one, "flat 1", "flat 2", "flat
               | 3" (often this would be written after the number of the
               | street - so flat six at number seven example road would
               | be called 7/6 Example Road).
               | 
               | The second approach is the more physical layout. I used
               | to live in "TFL, 7 Example Street". "TFL? Top flat - left
               | side". You get "GFR" for "Ground-floor right", and
               | similar examples. This worked really well if there were
               | three floors to a building (top floor, middle floor, and
               | ground floor) but the confusion got intensified if the
               | building were higher.
               | 
               | There were times when you'd enter your postcode into an
               | online service, ordering a home delivery for example, or
               | setting up a new electricity contract, and you'd be
               | presented with one/other of these systems. And broadly
               | speaking it would always be the same. When I lived at TFL
               | it was *never* called Flat 6, although I'd often enter it
               | as 7/6 Example Street a time or two just to keep the
               | posties on their toes!
               | 
               | To be honest most of the time the postal delivery people
               | were smart, if I got mail addressed to "Steve, 7 Example
               | Road" it would end up at the correct apartment. Either
               | because the postal delivery person knew - they tended to
               | have fixed routes - or one of my neighbours would do the
               | decent thing and redelivery if it was sent to them in
               | error.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | I think it means more towards that Uber Eats never works
             | for that BAN than local post office have no clue and snail
             | mail fails. GP didn't say the latter is the case.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > but it does sound like someone had the opportunity to
             | keep reality sane here
             | 
             | What is "sane" about reality? People want a place to live,
             | they don't care about government databases.
        
           | Propelloni wrote:
           | This sounds like bad design by the property developer and a
           | sloppy building authority. The first is corroborated by the
           | lack of unit numbers. Who does such a thing?
           | 
           | The BAN actually only tracks down to the plot level, so I
           | assume all your structures are on the same plot. From there
           | on it is the building authorities job to check building plans
           | and to enter the substructures into the cadastre, where they
           | are usually lettered. It's the developer's job to mark the
           | buildings and entries. Sloppy work, all around. So sad.
        
             | myriadoptimum wrote:
             | Depending on where you are in France (especially places
             | with lots of housing stock being older buildings), it's
             | common (if not the norm) for there to be no unit numbers
             | and to direct people to apartments by floor number / door
             | position relative to stairwell.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | That doesn't surprise me, same thing in Germany. However
               | having multiple buildings with the same house number
               | (without distinguishing letters) sounds like the much
               | worse oversight here
        
               | taejo wrote:
               | Though at least in Berlin it's pretty common for multi-
               | family houses to have a separate wing (Seitenflugel) or
               | rear house (Hinterhaus) that are reached by entering the
               | street door of the front house (Vorderhaus) and then
               | exiting through a door behind the staircase into a
               | courtyard before entering the second building, and at
               | least in some cases each building has its own set of
               | mailboxes, all with the same address.
               | 
               | I regularly have the problem that deliverers don't read
               | my delivery note and don't listen to what I say on the
               | intercom, and go all the way to the top of the front
               | house before realising I'm in a different building
               | altogether.
        
               | postepowanieadm wrote:
               | That may be because Code Civile allowing(used to
               | allow)((par 664?)) ownership of floors.
        
             | gabesullice wrote:
             | You could be right, but I think it's a little beside the
             | point.
             | 
             | The challenge illustrated in the blog post is that it's
             | practically impossible to build a really accurate address
             | dataset since the real world is messy for the reasons you
             | listed. Just like falsehoods programmers believe about
             | names [1], you shouldn't put much faith in anything that
             | claims to normalize addresses either.
             | 
             | As other commenters have said in the replies, my situation
             | is not uncommon in Europe.
             | 
             | As they say, 'the map is not the territory.'
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-
             | programmers-...
        
               | Propelloni wrote:
               | Good saying!
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Yes, but it's not reason creating such database, or for
               | not using the standard one from your place.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | As long as it shows that your address corresponds to that
               | plot of land it's still a perfectly accurate address
               | dataset. Your address just kind of sucks. That doesn't
               | make the dataset less accurate, just less useful.
               | 
               | Still a lot better than some other parts of the world
               | though. In Asia you sometimes have addresses that boil
               | down to the nearest landmark and a phone number for the
               | mailman to call
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | > it's practically impossible to build a really accurate
               | address dataset since the real world is messy for the
               | reasons you listed
               | 
               | Different entities will have orthogonal needs when it
               | comes to your address. First responders want a door, the
               | post office wants a mailbox, assessors want a plot
               | number, etc.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | I don't know what's usual in France, but it's usual in
             | Germany for apartments to not have numbers. You have to put
             | your name on your mailbox, and there's no way to address
             | something to someone who doesn't live in the apartment. If
             | you're filling out government forms, you sometimes have to
             | put in something like "third floor left side" so they know
             | where you actually live.
        
               | growse wrote:
               | Same in Iceland I think. No name on the door? No mail.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Costa Rica doesn't have numbers on the buildings, and
               | many streets lack street signs, if not names. You'll have
               | addresses like "50 meters north of the old church" or
               | "behind the banana stand."1
        
               | jll29 wrote:
               | Britain also has "dwelling designations" like "3FL"
               | (third floor left) commonly used to describe unnumbered
               | flats (which may well have numbers or not). I suspect
               | this way of referring to flats is unofficial, but it is
               | commonly seen on letters.
        
             | inphus0rian wrote:
             | apartments in france often (if not always) do not have unit
             | numbers. i always thought it is to preserve anonymity.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Would not the opposite be true? If you have to write your
               | name out just so the mail can find you, you are less
               | anonymous than if you just have a number that gets mail
               | directly to your mailbox.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | Yeah wait how is it the BAN's fault that you don't have
             | unit numbers, that's like complaining that you never
             | receive your letters "just because" your house just fully
             | doesn't have any street address and the post office needs
             | to figure it out better without any involvement on your
             | part.
        
               | gabesullice wrote:
               | Because datasets like the BAN exist to document how
               | actual people and places are to be addressed. People and
               | places don't exist to be addressed by the BAN.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | > the lack of unit numbers. Who does such a thing?
             | 
             | Everyone in Germany. Units are identified by the surname of
             | the person who lives there. If there's more than one person
             | living there, too bad, pick one or write them all.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > This sounds like bad design by the property developer and
             | a sloppy building authority.
             | 
             | This sounds like every day reality.
             | 
             | > Sloppy work, all around.
             | 
             | It's a system that explicitly relies on the cooperation of
             | several independent entities. You were never going to
             | achieve anything better than this.
        
           | tacostakohashi wrote:
           | Frankly, that just sounds like a fire code / building code
           | issue. Are these "apartment buildings" legal for habitation,
           | with actual legal separate apartments, and not some weird
           | subdivision/subletting situation?
           | 
           | In every place I have ever lived, having a clearly marked
           | addresses and door numbers for apartments is required by the
           | fire code. If there's an emergency that requires a fire or
           | ambulance response, smoke in the air, etc, then "Nth floor,
           | door on the right" is not a good thing to be explaining over
           | the phone.
        
             | gabesullice wrote:
             | > Are these "apartment buildings" legal for habitation,
             | with actual legal separate apartments, and not some weird
             | subdivision/subletting situation?
             | 
             | Yes. In fact the 'residence' (the conglomeration of
             | apartment buildings) is considered one of the nicer, more
             | desirable, places to live in the city. In the US, each
             | apartment would be called a condominium [1], i.e., most are
             | individually owned and not rented out.
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condominium
        
             | playingalong wrote:
             | In several countries in Western Europe there's hardly a
             | tradition of apartment numbers in multi-apartment
             | buildings. Instead the apartments are identified by family
             | name of the owner. Or the main person living there. Or the
             | person who used to live there some time ago. Or some guy
             | backpacking in Asia and (illegally) subletting the
             | apartment.
        
           | riquito wrote:
           | On the bright side, you know about this and you could
           | potentially suggest and follow any changes, which would be
           | impossible without a single source of truth
        
         | ikr678 wrote:
         | Australia is similar, howeve, irrespective of how perfect your
         | national addressing standards are, companies ingesting this
         | data providing any sort of to-the-premise service still have to
         | mash and clean and dissect it to fit whatever legacy system
         | they are running.
         | 
         | I am aware of one utility provider that is locked into a custom
         | network modelling solution that was officially sunset in 2014
         | and employs 3 ftes to manually create and delete addresses
         | because the old address import tool broke.
        
           | rtpg wrote:
           | So many Australian sites use some data source that has an old
           | name for the building I'm in, and sites are so convinced
           | their address databases are right that I can't do anything
           | about it! Mildly frustrating
        
             | ethbr1 wrote:
             | In the US, I had a family member's address change zip codes
             | (approx similar to larger area postal codes) and associated
             | city.
             | 
             | It took a surprising amount of time to cascade through
             | systems, as in years.
             | 
             | I think we're at +8 years now, and Google Maps still has
             | the old zip and city. Which means many websites do too.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Is there a a reason this hasn't been pushed for at the EU
         | level?
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | Next step, automatically feed all the roads, speed limits,
         | temporary blocks/construction sites automatically into OSM or
         | similar accessible data.
        
       | bbarnett wrote:
       | Sad to see a reasonable article with a "This one weird trick
       | could save..." as an ad inline, pointing back to his own page. I
       | tend to think of such ad tactics and wordage to be associated
       | with used car salesmen. Certainly, with scams.
        
         | tomstuart wrote:
         | That's the joke.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | If I call some place I've never heard of before, know nothing
           | about, my first interaction with them on the phone shouldn't
           | result in "Oh my god, these people seem like scammy used car
           | salespeople!"
           | 
           | If your assertion is true, that it's a joke, it's going to
           | backfire. That's because that call is the equivalent of
           | what's happening here. I called, and the person on the other
           | end ... thinking it a joke, funny, did their best to convince
           | me that they're scam artists.
           | 
           | That's what's happened here. I know nothing about this
           | website, and this was my first impression. And no... my
           | initial reaction isn't "Hmm. This website seems scammy and
           | lame. Maybe I should spend my time investigating to determine
           | if I'm right or wrong!". If I did that, I'd spend my entire
           | life looking at scammy websites... I have better things to
           | do.
           | 
           | Like I said, it's a shame to see this on what seems to be
           | reputable website. But I literally stopped reading, and moved
           | on to other things when I saw it. The website owner should
           | take that into account.
           | 
           | (And indeed, I may be some small ratio, 2% of users, but it
           | could be higher. It could be a lot higher. Or it could
           | obviously be 0.2%. But that's a bold move, putting a big "I'm
           | a scam artist!" sign on a website, first engagement is going
           | to bite.)
           | 
           | Heck... if I was Google, any page with "One * trick" on it
           | would be downranked.
           | 
           | TL;DR don't put a massive sign on your website that reads
           | "I'm a scam artist, clickbait website!"
        
             | jstanley wrote:
             | It pattern-matched "scam" so you classified it as "scam"
             | and absolved yourself of doing any further thinking.
             | 
             | If something pattern-matches "legit" are you equally blase
             | about sticking with your snap judgment and absolving
             | yourself of doing any further thinking?
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Snap judgement? I cite my phone call scenario, which this
               | parallels.
               | 
               | Should I.. what? Call back and see if they laugh and say
               | "Oh no, we're not really used car salespeople, what was a
               | just a good joke!". Why would I, or anyone do that? Yet
               | this is apparently a "snap judgement" and "not thinking"
               | to you?
               | 
               | So why would I spend time trying to determine if the
               | people which purposefully acted as scam artists and
               | clickbait boneheads on websites, are actually playing a
               | joke? What's in it for me? As I said, I'd have to do this
               | for _every single clickbait website_.
               | 
               | I don't read clickbait websites, and I'm not going to
               | take the time to see if it was all a big jolly joke.
        
             | Digit-Al wrote:
             | It hardly requires a huge amount of investigation to see
             | that's not a scam link. It literally has the blog authors
             | name attached to it, along with a post date and a "read the
             | full story"link that has the same web address as the blog.
             | It's just a few seconds work to see it's legit.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | You're not fully getting it. I said with clarity that I
               | know it's pointing back to his website. But any website
               | with a click-bait title of 'One small trick" or some
               | such, is a scammy, clickbaitish site.
        
               | DHolzer wrote:
               | Any negative aspect of media from the past can, and often
               | will, be transformed into a positive trait in future
               | media.
               | 
               | People embrace vinyl records in an age of digital music.
               | They take photos with analog cameras even though everyone
               | has a phone in their pocket. Musicians use the harsh
               | artifacts of MP3 compression as creative effects in their
               | music. The examples are countless, and they all emerge
               | precisely when the media that once produced these
               | unwanted artifacts becomes obsolete.
               | 
               | If you haven't noticed this shift, I suggest you learn to
               | recognize it quickly. Otherwise, you might miss out on
               | great content because it doesn't make it past your mental
               | spam filter.
               | 
               | And if you don't want to adapt, that's fine too--just
               | don't tell others how to manage their websites.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Nothing you cited has anything to do with emulating scam
               | artists and clickbait boneheads, and trying to claim
               | acting like a clickbait artist is all the rage, is
               | invalid.
               | 
               | However, your commandments to not provide my opinion,
               | predicated upon your opinion, is the gold standard in
               | ridiculousness.
               | 
               | Way over the line.
        
       | robin_reala wrote:
       | For non-GB people, a postcode gets you to ~1-15 buildings, not
       | (for example) a town or region.
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | The British mail addresses are pretty interesting. We quickly
         | learned that, as you say some postcode have just one or two
         | houses, which may not have numbers, but names.
         | 
         | I'm sure there is a "falsehoods programmers believe about
         | addresses" somewhere.
        
           | darrenf wrote:
           | https://www.mjt.me.uk/posts/falsehoods-programmers-
           | believe-a...
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | Amazing. For a e-commerce site I argued that we would save
             | ourself a lot of trouble by simply making the address field
             | one large text field, rather than attempt to making a form
             | that would work for every country and city (looking at you
             | Mannheim).
             | 
             | But apparently that would make data analysis to
             | complicated.
        
               | bojanz wrote:
               | There is a middle ground and some common patterns that
               | can help.
               | 
               | The address field names are fairly standardized[0] and
               | Google has an open dataset (used by Chrome and Android)
               | describing which countries need which fields[1].
               | 
               | I have an older PHP library[2] and a newer Go library[3]
               | that build upon this, while crowdsourcing fixes (since
               | Google hasn't updated their dataset in a while). The Go
               | library allows me to serve all address formats and state
               | lists in a single HTTP request, which can then power a
               | very fast JS widget.
               | 
               | [0] Initially by the OASIS eXtensible Address Language
               | (xAL) which trickled down into everything from maps to
               | HTML5 autocomplete.
               | 
               | [1] https://chromium-i18n.appspot.com/ssl-address
               | 
               | [2] https://github.com/commerceguys/addressing
               | 
               | [3] https://github.com/bojanz/address
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | Ireland can have:                 Foo House       Townland
           | Large town somewhat nearby where the mail comes through but
           | only tangentially near the actual house       County Bar
           | 
           | Where Townland is optional.
           | 
           | There's a bank address in my town: PTSB Kennedy Road Navan Co
           | Meath
           | 
           | Kennedy Road is about 2 blocks long with ~ 30 shop fronts,
           | and there are numbers on all but one of them.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | > Where Townland is optional.
             | 
             | Not really optional in most cases if you're not actually in
             | the "large town somewhat nearby". I would say the large
             | town part is more optional.
             | 
             | You're not going to get post delivered to "Lakeview, Cavan,
             | Co Cavan", but you should be ok with "Lakeview,
             | Killeshandra, Co Cavan".
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Kilshandra is a town, the townland for Lakeview would
               | likely be "Portaliff or Townparks". Though to be somewhat
               | fair, Lakeview in Kilshandra is really only unique vs
               | things like "Pond View", "Lough View" or "Yet another
               | body of water view".
               | 
               | In Meath, there's a House address near Garlow Cross where
               | it's Foo House, Johnstown, Co Meath, but Johnstown is 7km
               | away or so.
               | 
               | For those who have not been near there -- It's karst
               | topography with basket of eggs hills where the water
               | table is above ground in many of the valleys.
        
         | maccard wrote:
         | Except when it doesn't, of course! This [0] post has some
         | examples of interesting post codes. They're really more just a
         | collection of addresses that are usually near each other, but
         | require you to know the area. So much fun!
         | 
         | [0] https://club.ministryoftesting.com/t/what-are-fun-
         | postcodes-...
        
         | jasoncartwright wrote:
         | There are some fun 'special' ones. Banks, governmental, BBC etc
         | and... because UK... football teams.
         | https://www.ukpostcode.net/special-postcodes-wiki-3.html
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | Well, how many buildings, and of what sort, varies enormously,
         | but yes it won't be a whole town or region.
         | 
         | Most of my street is a single post code. Once upon a time it
         | was a street of single family dwellings, so that's maybe a 3-4
         | dozen homes, but this is a city suburb so densification means
         | some of those homes were modified and cut up to form flats, one
         | large family home becomes six smaller homes - and some were
         | purchased, knocked down and replaced by buildings which don't
         | look out of place but aren't what they were before. I live in a
         | purpose built four storey block, but it's designed to _look_
         | superficially like a big house, the bottom floor is below
         | street level (it faces out over the hill), the top has only
         | loft-style windows at the front like somebody did a loft
         | conversion.
         | 
         | It's all still one postcode though, so I share a code with
         | maybe 100+ households. Recoding is disruptive and it's not
         | really worth it, so they mostly don't do it.
         | 
         | Remember for actually delivering the post the postcode is just
         | a convenient human readable part of an address, the machines
         | (with occasional human help) turn any arbitrary address into a
         | unique destination code, and then that's literally barcoded
         | (albeit not in a code you're used to from like UPC etc.) onto
         | the post. So for the Royal Mail the postcodes not being as
         | descriptive as they were fifty years ago isn't a big problem.
         | 
         | Take some mail you've received, preferably over several days
         | and study the outsides carefully. Two fluorescent orange bar
         | codes have been jet printed onto the mail during sorting. The
         | upper code is "just" a temporary unique ID, every piece of mail
         | in the sorting system is issued a code, when they run out they
         | start over, this helps with debugging and statistics. The lower
         | case is in some sense the successor to the postcode, it'll be
         | identical for every item delivered to the same address and
         | distinct for other addresses. In fact it's encoding the
         | "Delivery Point" which is what PAF handles, the location to
         | which the Royal Mail employee delivers mail.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM4SCC
         | 
         | The use of these "real" postcodes also enables the Royal Mail
         | to more readily accede to impractical "vanity" postcode
         | requests. If the rich people in this part of Dirt Town think
         | they ought to have postcodes from the adjacent and posh
         | sounding Upper Niceton, RM can allow that, because in reality
         | their teams are working from the purely numeric code which will
         | still treat all these new "Upper Niceton" homes as being where
         | they actually are, in Dirt Town.
        
       | cjs_ac wrote:
       | > The upshot of the research then, is that building an accurate
       | database is really hard. OS concludes that it would have to check
       | the 4.2m bad addresses manually to make its PAF-less database a
       | viable dataset that would actually be useful.
       | 
       | The secret to the Royal Mail's success with the PAF, and the
       | reason why only the Royal Mail can maintain the PAF, is that the
       | Royal Mail has people walking and driving to all those delivery
       | points six days every week.
       | 
       | Compare the Freedom of Information requests to Royal Mail from
       | OpenStreetMap contributors concerning the locations of post
       | boxes, which were refused ultimately because that information was
       | handled only by local sorting offices.
        
         | chihuahua wrote:
         | Maybe they can use the TV detector vans used for TV license
         | enforcement to collect the data, if they're already surveilling
         | every single building in the country on a daily basis!
        
       | Normal_gaussian wrote:
       | As censorship for FOIA requests is done manually, it may be
       | beneficial to request the missing figures directly without noting
       | you have them in a censored context. Censoring is subjective, so
       | that would at least draw out either the figures or a
       | justification.
        
       | nly wrote:
       | Unfortunately the British mindset these days is to either rent it
       | out or sell it but, whatever the hell you do, don't grow it.
       | 
       | Somehow these idiots managed to strike a deal to keep the
       | sovereigns figurehead on stamps (which has no economic value
       | whatsoever, and actually the Crown should be compensated for
       | this) but, in this data age, didn't safeguard such a critically
       | important database to e-commerce
       | 
       | It's like selling off the Tower of London because you can't
       | afford to repair the roof and forgetting you left the crown
       | jewels inside
        
       | TechTechTech wrote:
       | For comparison, in the Netherlands all postcode data is open
       | data, including detailed building outlines as well as almost all
       | other related information.
       | 
       | See https://app.pdok.nl/viewer for most datasets.
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | This creates a very special Dutch thing --- my neighborhood had
         | the roads on the map before the map itself was updated to show
         | landmass instead of the body of water.
        
           | anticensor wrote:
           | Same in Turkey, except the map data is subject to certain
           | limitations.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | I wonder if all the houses on disconnected long islands
           | without roads in Vinkeveense Plassen have postal codes? It's
           | hard to get a pizza delivered there.
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/maps/@52.2307079,4.9365182,1869m/data.
           | ..
        
             | jorams wrote:
             | In the PDOK viewer linked above you can enable the
             | "Adressen" layer[1] and it will show markers on everything
             | that has an address. Everything that has an address has a
             | postal code, which is listed in the details if you click
             | the address. (There might be an exception with an address
             | but no postal code somewhere, I'm not sure, but not here.)
             | 
             | [1]: https://app.pdok.nl/viewer/#x=124175.54&y=471068.96&z=
             | 11.290...
        
         | crote wrote:
         | This also leads to some very _interesting_ issues, as third
         | parties who automatically ingest the data have a habit of just
         | reading the docs and making the wrong assumptions about what it
         | means in reality.
         | 
         | One example I often encounter myself is Google Maps trying to
         | geolocate my address (city, street name, house number), and
         | then reverse-geolocate that into my postcode. Which sounds like
         | it would work - until you realize that the postcode polygons
         | can _overlap_. I live in a building where (roughly) each floor
         | has its own postcode, so whenever I try to fill in my address
         | on a website which uses Google 's API, it'll "helpfully" auto-
         | fill or "correct" my postcode from 1234AB to 1234AZ. It'll
         | essentially pick a random postcode, because all of them share
         | the same coordinates!
         | 
         | That's Really Really Bad, because the postcode plus house
         | number combination is supposed to uniquely identify a mailbox:
         | it's only a matter of luck that the house numbers aren't reused
         | in the set of postcodes used for my building. They could've
         | just as well reused the numbers at the individual building
         | entrances...
        
       | agolio wrote:
       | I am a bit surprised by how hard this article makes out the
       | problem to be.
       | 
       | Crowdsourcing should make short work of the problem, with the
       | right incentives, which the government will be able to offer.
       | 
       | Additionally private map providers (e.g. Google, Apple) must
       | surely have this data (since they are able to route navigation to
       | private addresses). Why not just negotiate with them?
        
         | darrenf wrote:
         | How would crowdsourcing solve this problem?
         | 
         | > _Oh, and it wouldn't even be legally allowed to include, er,
         | postcodes, as they are specifically owned by Royal Mail_
        
           | moring wrote:
           | How does OpenStreetMap solve it? OSM, more specifically OSM
           | Nominatim, shows postcodes. Example: https://www.openstreetma
           | p.org/search?lat=53.151778&lon=-1.16...
        
             | darrenf wrote:
             | I didn't know the answer so I looked it up. Nominatim gets
             | postcodes from Ordnance Survey:
             | https://nominatim.org/release-docs/3.4/data-sources/GB-
             | Postc...
             | 
             | Specifically Code-Point Open:
             | https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/products/code-point-open
             | which is updated quarterly, and in turn gets the postcodes
             | from Royal Mail.
        
               | moring wrote:
               | It seems to me that you can download the postcode list
               | freely:
               | https://osdatahub.os.uk/downloads/open/CodePointOpen
               | 
               | Something is missing here. If OS already has that data
               | _from RM_ and can make it available freely, why would
               | they need to build another database?
        
           | RossM wrote:
           | I can't find any good information post-privatisation, but at
           | least before 2013 the postcodes themselves were copyrighted
           | by Royal Mail (likely Crown Copyright as with government
           | data). There were attempts to enforce this in 2009[0]. I
           | suspect the copyright is now owned by Royal Mail Group Ltd.
           | 
           | That aside, a practical issue is that Royal Mail still
           | retains the rights to _allocate_ new postcodes for any new
           | properties. Yet another failure of this particular
           | privatisation.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.techdirt.com/2009/10/06/uk-royal-mail-uses-
           | copyr...
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | > Additionally private map providers (e.g. Google, Apple) must
         | surely have this data (since they are able to route navigation
         | to private addresses). Why not just negotiate with them?
         | 
         | They licence it from Royal Mail
        
           | normangray wrote:
           | Probably, but not necessarily.
           | 
           | The article points out that the PAF is kept up to date by
           | virtue of thousands of postmen and postwomen physically
           | visiting the rows in the database on a daily basis, as part
           | of normal business, and logging updates. That level of
           | routine maintenance is what any non-PostOffice PAF
           | alternative would have to also do.
           | 
           | Amazon, and probably Google Maps, are two of the very small
           | number of organisations which _might_ have the resources to
           | build this postcode->GPS mapping, as a sideline to their
           | current business.
           | 
           | They probably do license the PAF, of course, but they
           | illustrate the sort of scale required to assemble that data
           | independently.
        
             | 8A51C wrote:
             | I was a postie for a short while. A particular row of
             | houses had no number 63, 61 and 65 were next door to each
             | other. I always wondered if I posted something to 63 would
             | it land in my sorting rack? Sadly I never tried, but I am
             | fairly sure it would have. I often observed manual
             | intervention to resolve addresses, from years of collective
             | postie knowledge.
        
             | ascorbic wrote:
             | They allow you to search by postcode, so they license at
             | least that much.
        
         | epanchin wrote:
         | Google will surely have a PAF license?
        
       | andrewjl wrote:
       | There's a writeup linked to in the OP comments about how this can
       | happen.
       | 
       | https://www.centreforpublicdata.org/blog/freeing-the-paf-our...
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | Off topic but this is a bizarrely weird take:
       | 
       | > Sadly because of the NIMBYs, this map doesn't include a London
       | version of The Sphere.
       | 
       | "NIMBY" implies they're objecting to something useful and not
       | actually that bad, like a solar farm or a mobile phone mast or a
       | housing estate. Not a giant advertising billboard.
        
         | lol768 wrote:
         | I think it's a joke.
        
       | robinhouston wrote:
       | This is a long-running battle. Those with long memories may
       | remember the skirmish 15 years ago, when a small group of
       | developer-activists set up a website that allowed free access to
       | postcode data (ernestmarples.com, named after the inventor of the
       | modern British postcode system).
       | 
       | Needless to say, it was rapidly shut down following threats of
       | legal action by Royal Mail.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/oct/05/ernest-ma...
       | 
       | https://blog.okfn.org/2009/10/05/ernest-marples-uk-postcode-...
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | The postcode-to-coordinate data is now freely available as
         | "CodePoint Open"
         | 
         | So there's already data for people who want to know postcode
         | AB10 1JL corresponds to the area around 57.14677,-2.09873
         | 
         | The PAF is a more detailed data source, as seen in
         | https://www.royalmail.com/find-a-postcode which can tell you
         | that AB10 1JL specifically covers the addresses
         | 
         | 102-104, Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | 82, Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | Timpson Shoe Repairs Ltd, 86 Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | Smart Mobile, 88 Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | 92 Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | 98 Union Street, Aberdeen
         | 
         | The PAF is useful if you want to provide a "quick address
         | entry" option on your website - and to validate address data.
         | But if you just want postcode-to-location conversion, that info
         | is already available.
        
           | robinhouston wrote:
           | Thanks for the clarification. I'd forgotten that
           | ernestmarples only offered postcode-to-location lookup: it
           | was a long time ago.
           | 
           | I suppose this is encouraging! It shows that the forces of
           | openness are gaining ground in this battle.
        
       | NeoTar wrote:
       | Some context, for people not located in the UK - A full British
       | postcode typically aims to cover around 15 buildings (sometime a
       | single building, sometimes a street of 50 houses). This is in
       | contrast to many other postal code systems which cover relatively
       | broad areas).
       | 
       | Or to put it another way -
       | 
       | UK - 2,643,732 codes, 1 code per 25 people,
       | 
       | USA - 41,700 codes, 1 code per 8000 people,
       | 
       | Germany - 8,200 codes, 1 code per 10000 people,
       | 
       | This means that post-codes are often used as a proxy for an exact
       | location - e.g. if I am going to visit a relative, I can enter
       | their postcode into my sat-nav, and be confident that _most of
       | the time_ I 'll get to within a hundred meters of their location.
       | 
       | This doesn't work so well in rural area or on large estates where
       | the access point may different from the location, leading to
       | places sometimes advertising a different postcode to put into
       | your sat-nav (e.g. of where the site entrance is) to that of the
       | location itself.
        
         | simonbarker87 wrote:
         | Hence why a house number and postcode constitutes a complete
         | address in the UK, we've sort of already got What Three Words
         | with "a number and 5-7 characters" - not quite as catchy though
        
           | beardyw wrote:
           | We needed an ambulance off road in the middle of Richmond
           | Park where a postcode would also not help. We didn't have WTW
           | either, which they asked for and would have helped immensely.
        
             | sideshowb wrote:
             | If only we had a system of national grid references since,
             | say, 1936
        
               | beardyw wrote:
               | They were only interested in What Three Words. Didn't
               | want anything else, sadly.
        
               | sideshowb wrote:
               | I know - my van broke down recently, had the same
               | experience even though I could describe the location
               | exactly by intersection of roads, or grid reference.
               | 
               | As I had a smartphone they did at least have a link I
               | could click which would give me my w3w location, which I
               | had to read back to them.
        
             | xnorswap wrote:
             | If you drop a pin in google maps it shows you the lat/lon,
             | 
             | e.g. 51.5010392, -0.1423616
             | 
             | 7 decimal places of lat/lon is approximately a centimetre.
        
               | mjlee wrote:
               | To save some maths during a crisis - 3 is ~100m, 4 is
               | ~10m.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Lat/long coordinates and metres are actually linked quite
               | closely: the metre was originally defined as "the arc
               | from equator to North pole is defined as 10,000 km". That
               | is, 90 degrees is 10,000 km.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | And if the French had had their way, we'd use grads not
               | degrees and latitude would instead be 100 grads per
               | 10,000km, so each grad of latitude would be 100km.
               | 
               | That kind of sanity was, of course, unacceptable to the
               | rest of the world.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | The French were really into decimalization for a while.
               | They tried decimal time (10 decimal hours per day, each
               | 100 decimal minutes, each 100 decimal seconds), and a new
               | calendar with equal 30-day months (the extra days at the
               | end were national holidays, in September in the Gregorian
               | calendar). Also 10-day 'decades' instead of weeks.
        
               | growse wrote:
               | Or a plus code, which is a little less precise, open, and
               | a little easier for humans to transmit than a latlng.
        
               | _trampeltier wrote:
               | Centimetre, and after the next big earthquake are all
               | numbers off, sometimes even by several meters. Now what
               | you do? New addresses for all, or wrong numbers to new
               | buildings?
        
               | simonbarker87 wrote:
               | Not really a problem in the UK
        
               | xnorswap wrote:
               | This was in the context of needing to give a location for
               | an ambulance, not for addressing things.
               | 
               | It's an ephemeral location for an ephemeral need.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > Now what you do?
               | 
               | When the ambulance arrives wave your hands and say "over
               | here!". So they can do the "last several meters" of
               | navigation by homing on your visual presence.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | In the best case your GPS is off by far more than the
               | worst case GPS. There are GPS receivers that can get you
               | to within 2cm, but they cost thousands of dollars and are
               | not used in phones.
               | 
               | In the context of navigation that is good enough - if you
               | are within 100 meters you can look to see your
               | destination.
        
             | fire_lake wrote:
             | There should be a free and open government backed
             | alternative to W3W. Outrageous for a private company to own
             | such a thing.
        
             | devnullbrain wrote:
             | Why didn't they just use Advanced Mobile Location? I called
             | in a fire for a fallen tree in the middle of the field and
             | they just asked if it was next to where I'm standing.
        
             | PaulRobinson wrote:
             | w3w has been sold to most UK emergency services to deal
             | with that exact scenario. I know Richmond Park well, and
             | it's hard to direct anybody to anywhere in it using
             | addresses, so it makes sense.
             | 
             | The problem is that w3w is privately owned and has multiple
             | issues with it, as well documented elsewhere.
             | 
             | They could invest in a solution that allows for an OS grid
             | reference to be discovered by sending you a link (a bit
             | like they do with w3w), or some other open (already paid
             | for) reference. That still has limitations if you don't
             | have a smart phone with GPS on it, but I'd argue it's
             | better than what they have right now.
             | 
             | Of course none of this solves for the fact the most useful
             | location dataset in the country is the PAF, and we can't
             | use that without spending a small fortune on licensing it.
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | > What Three Words
           | 
           | W3W's closed, proprietary scheme is arguably worse than the
           | PAF - as seen on HN previously:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20183533
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27058271
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19511917
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | I noticed that W3W showed up in a number of places, typically
           | on advertisements, at least around London. Is it used
           | universally across the UK? I don't know of anyone using it in
           | the US aside from a few enthusiasts. I had forgotten about it
           | until a few weeks ago when we were visiting London.
        
         | wordofx wrote:
         | Singapore - 1 code per building.
        
           | mtmail wrote:
           | Similar in Ireland, the last country in Europe introducing a
           | postcode https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_addresses_in_th
           | e_Republ... They didn't learn from the UK and the postcode
           | data is also closed.
        
           | CaptainFever wrote:
           | Yep, one code uniqely identifies a block/building. The only
           | thing it doesn't identify is the unit number.
        
         | yardstick wrote:
         | > sometime a single building
         | 
         | Fun fact- some postcodes cover only a fraction of a building.
         | There's buildings where 3 postcodes are used. Same street
         | number, same main entrance, but different post codes.
         | 
         | Edit: A 2-postcode building example is "M3 7GW" and "M3 7GX",
         | both go to 55 Queen St, Salford.
        
           | NeoTar wrote:
           | Apparently the worst case in the opposite direction is the
           | University of Warwick, where a single postcode (CV4 7AL)
           | covers 5000 individual residences (so probably about 5000
           | people given these are likely to all be student rooms, and
           | sharing a room is uncommon in the UK).
        
             | alexchamberlain wrote:
             | Though tbf (assuming they haven't changed it since I left),
             | Royal Mail's responsibility stopped at the post room. The
             | individual residences were delivered by UoW staff using a
             | pigeon hole type system; anything larger than a letter and
             | you had to go to the post room to pick it up.
        
         | creesch wrote:
         | Dutch post codes actually do specify the street.
         | 
         | It's four digits and two letters. The digits cover an area (can
         | be a city, town, neighborhood) and the letters cover the
         | specific street or part of the street. Technically, they cover
         | a range of house numbers, which in 99.9% of the cases is (part
         | of) a street.
         | 
         | So just like in the UK a postcode is enough to get you pretty
         | close. A postcode and house number will get you to the front
         | door.
         | 
         | To get back to the article. I always feel like the UK manages
         | to take privatization of public services to a next ridiculous
         | level. This being a good example.
         | 
         | Another one is the rail network where the company that owns all
         | the infrastructure and is responsible for maintenance
         | (Railtrack) was fully privatized and even stock listed. This of
         | course did not go very well in as far as actually properly
         | maintaining the network. Resulting in it being nationalized
         | again where now Network Rail is responsible.
         | 
         | In the Netherlands the company that owns all rail
         | infrastructure and is responsible for it (ProRail) is a private
         | company but with just the government as a shareholder. Meaning
         | it is still effectively a public company, so things did result
         | in such dire conditions as the UK.
        
           | pas wrote:
           | the problem with UK privatization is the same as with
           | California PG&E ... it's private in name, but the incentives
           | are all bad.
           | 
           | there was (is) no point for optimization on costs as the
           | profit was a fixed percentage (so it ended up quite the
           | opposite) instead of a price cap. (ideally the cap would be a
           | simple formula based on input prices, to at least make the
           | lobbying transparent. sure, this also has a built in profit
           | percentage, but the important difference is that the profit
           | is not fixed, so the private company is incentivized to push
           | the costs down.)
           | 
           | see https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/energy-bell-the-sketch-of-
           | an-i...
        
           | shiandow wrote:
           | In the Netherlands the situation wasn't too far removed from
           | the situation the UK is in now. The postal codes are managed
           | by a private company (PostNL), and while the details are
           | scarce and hard to find there was a fight between them and
           | the government party responsible for managing addresses over
           | who got had the rights to the postal codes data (see [1] for
           | the current truce).
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.geobasisregistraties.nl/basisregistraties/do
           | cume...
        
         | svpk wrote:
         | The USA does have zip+4 which is an extension on the zip code
         | system and sounds like it's about as specific as the UK one.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZIP_Code#ZIP+4
        
           | mynameisvlad wrote:
           | In some cases, your zip+4 is uniquely your address, too. My
           | townhouse was a new development and after complaining for
           | over a year that I wasn't able to sign up for Informed
           | Delivery, I was assigned a new unused +4.
           | 
           | That said, most people don't use the +4 when getting
           | directions or the like, it's just used for postal service.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > it's just used for postal service
             | 
             | Even then, to my understanding the USPS has for some time
             | now not relied on zip codes at all. They have a really good
             | address database, they match on that, and then stamp the
             | mail with a routing barcode at the origin post office. The
             | zip code is extra, mail flows just fine if you leave it
             | off.
        
         | TomK32 wrote:
         | 8,200 in Germany is way too low, and I'll add some fun facts.
         | According to Wikipedia 30,000 of the theoretical 98,901 are
         | currently in use. The number of people per postcode does vary a
         | lot, from zero (no one lives in a company that has its own
         | postcode) to none living in a demolished village of
         | Billmuthausen (right on the inner-German border) or the two
         | people living in a district that had no postcode until the
         | problem was fixed in 2015. Yes, they forgot Gutsbezirk
         | Reinhardswald (a quarter the size of Frankfurt/Main) which is
         | almost all forest but has a forester hut with two people. There
         | are even four Austrian villages that also have a German
         | postcode in addition to their Austrian one, and a swiss one.
         | There are even still four-digit postcodes with no five-digit
         | update in use: Feldpost, the Germna army postal service.
        
           | NeoTar wrote:
           | Sorry - I was lazy and just asked ChatGPT for "how many
           | German postal codes are there"!
        
             | coder543 wrote:
             | FWIW, one of the only English-language sources I can find
             | on Google claims around 8700 are in use:
             | https://www.spotzi.com/en/data-catalog/categories/postal-
             | cod...
             | 
             | Don't know where this discrepancy is coming from, but ~8k
             | to ~30k is quite a jump.
        
               | heywoods wrote:
               | This might help explain in-part the discrepancy.
               | Perplexity.ai[1] also says 8,200 German postal codes. I
               | set Claude 3.5 Sonnet in the LLM settings on Perplexity
               | but it looks like it might use a ChatGPT model for the
               | initial search of sources? At least we can see what it is
               | sourcing to fetch the value of 8,200. Interestingly,
               | asking Claude 3.5 Sonnet directly at claude.ai returned
               | 16,000.[2]
               | 
               | 1. https://www.perplexity.ai/search/how-many-german-
               | postal-code... 2. "There are approximately 16,000 postal
               | codes (Postleitzahlen) in Germany. These five-digit codes
               | cover all areas of the country, including cities, towns,
               | and rural regions.
               | 
               | To break it down a bit further:
               | 
               | 1. The first digit represents one of 10 postal regions.
               | 2. The second digit typically represents a sub-region
               | within that area. 3. The last three digits identify
               | specific delivery areas or post offices.
               | 
               | It's worth noting that the exact number can fluctuate
               | slightly over time due to administrative changes, urban
               | development, or postal service reorganization. However,
               | 16,000 is a good approximation for the total number of
               | German postal codes.
               | 
               | Would you like more information about how the German
               | postal code system works or its history?"
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | Please don't regurgitate LLM output without disclosing it
             | up front. We can all go get fake data and make up stories
             | on our own if that's what we want.
        
           | rivo wrote:
           | Some larger retail stores in Germany ask you for your
           | postcode during checkout, presumably to learn a bit about
           | their customer base. I don't mind telling them mine, there
           | are about 16K people with the same postcode. But I'm pretty
           | sure I would not tell them if I was one of the two forest
           | rangers in Reinhardswald. (And yes, I do pay cash whenever I
           | can.)
        
             | ryukoposting wrote:
             | Interesting, is the German postcode not used for
             | transaction validation? I know the American payment
             | processors definitely use ZIP codes for validation - see
             | anecdote 1.
             | 
             | That said, there are definitely situations where the
             | payment processors don't require the ZIP code - see
             | anecdote 2.
             | 
             | Anecdote 1: When I worked in food service as a kid, I used
             | card terminals that connected directly to a phone line. I
             | remember a couple of times when I entered the ZIP code
             | incorrectly - the card terminal would print out a receipt
             | with an angry message saying the transaction got rejected.
             | So, I _know_ they were using the ZIP code to validate the
             | transaction.
             | 
             | Anecdote 2: With those same card terminals, you could skip
             | the ZIP code and it would run the transaction as usual.
             | But, my manager always told me not to do that. Maybe I
             | never asked him why, or maybe I forgot his answer.
             | Regardless, I don't remember why we he required us to enter
             | the ZIP code, even when it didn't seem to be necessary.
        
               | lilyball wrote:
               | The answer to anecdote 2 is probably that if the seller
               | chooses to skip validation measures on the transaction,
               | then they become liable in the event the transaction is
               | deemed fraudulent.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | > is the German postcode not used for transaction
               | validation?
               | 
               | No. The only time I have ever been asked for a post code
               | was when a petrol pump in the US demanded my zip code. I
               | have no idea what it meant, I just put some random zip
               | code for the general area I was in and it was accepted.
               | I've never been asked for my post code in Europe; I can't
               | speak for the whole of Europe though, just UK, Spain,
               | Ireland, Portugal, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy,
               | Germany, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | ZIP codes are used as a "something you know" factor in
               | payment card processing.
               | 
               | The card is (for card-present transactions) "something
               | you have". And the ZIP complements that. ZIP code is
               | optional, but the merchant gets a data integrity score
               | back from the network ("AVS/address verification service
               | response", from no match to full match), and can
               | accept/decline the txn at their discretion.
               | 
               | Because it's optional and at merchant discretion, all it
               | really does is give the merchant some additional
               | ammunition when disputing a chargeback. And of course to
               | build a demographic database.
        
         | mywacaday wrote:
         | You can put Ireland at the top of the list, one postcode for
         | every address, every house has one, every apartment has one,
         | every building has one, even some old ruins have one.
        
           | justinclift wrote:
           | Sounds like the IPv6 version of postcodes. ;)
        
             | mywacaday wrote:
             | except they did it with 7 characters :)
        
           | dghf wrote:
           | Yeah, but Irish posties mean you don't actually need them.
           | You can just put stuff like this on the envelopes:
           | Your man Henderson         That boy with the glasses
           | who is doing a PhD up         here at Queen's in Belfast.
           | Buncrana         Co. Donegal         Ireland
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-33581277
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > Irish posties mean you don't actually need them
             | 
             | I worked as a postie for a few weeks as a Christmas job
             | when I was at Uni a looong time ago.
             | 
             | My GF used to write to me regularly (yes, writing letters
             | was a thing back then), we came up a nice scheme: instead
             | of using my actual address she wrote to a made-up non-
             | existant address _but with a valid postcode_ ( "501 Any
             | Street, Town, AB1 1AB" on a street with only a dozen
             | houses) that was in one of the streets I'd be sorting
             | letters for/delivering to.
             | 
             | Worked like a charm, would find her letter waiting for me
             | in the pile to be sorted when I rocked up at the sorting
             | office at 5am.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | And in Ireland 1 postcode (eircode) for 1 address. Very handy.
         | 
         | Having said that, they took their time, postcodes were only
         | introduced a few years ago!
        
         | shiandow wrote:
         | For what it's worth in the Netherlands you have about 1 postal
         | code per 21 addresses. Typically one code is a street or the
         | even/odd half of the street.
        
         | sib wrote:
         | US 9-digit postcodes ("ZIP+4") were introduced decades ago
         | (1983?) and are publicly findable online given an address.
         | 
         | The US also has a full 11-digit address code that is printed
         | (by the USPS) on mail in a bar code when you mail a piece. This
         | should take the mailpiece to a unique address.
        
         | zeristor wrote:
         | Case in point, going to a funeral the post code for the
         | crematorium was for a 2km stretch of road, and going by foot I
         | realised my folly and so had to run to make it time.
        
       | maccard wrote:
       | At least the Uk has the the defence that postcodes are 60 years
       | old and that the legacy cruft that comes with that is part of
       | life.
       | 
       | Meanwhile Ireland introduced Eircodes less than 10 years ago,
       | chose an opaque format that uses a central database that you have
       | to pay for access to for anything more than a handful of lookups,
       | only covers homes (so you can't give an eircode of a park, or a
       | walk). It's pretty much what you'd expect to be designed by a
       | modern government.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | I'd expect a modern government to design something as clear and
         | well regarded as the GDS stuff in the U.K.
         | 
         | I'd expect a corporation like ibm etc to design the total mess
         | we see with any large project
        
           | jetbooster wrote:
           | Sadly I feel GDS is more of an outlier than the rule.
        
             | willyt wrote:
             | Transport for London is a pretty tightly run ship. Only
             | capital city in the world that doesn't receive operating
             | subsidy for its public transport. Not that that is a good
             | thing necessarily as the tube is expensive to use relative
             | to Paris or Berlin but a pretty impressive achievement
             | considering the ancient complexity of the whole thing.
             | 
             | Scotrail is run by the Scottish government and has been
             | steadily electrifying the Scottish rail network and because
             | of the slow and steady nature of the work, between them,
             | Network rail and the OHLE contractors they have got the
             | cost for this down to 5 times less per km than typical UK
             | costs previously e.g. the great western main line.
             | 
             | The moral of the story is get good people, give them
             | stability and a clear goal and they will do great work. It
             | doesn't really matter if they are working for the
             | government or the private sector.
        
       | wiredfool wrote:
       | Essentially the same deal in Ireland, with Eircodes. They were
       | originally created as private dataset with ownership, and now you
       | have to license access to it to use it.
       | 
       | Eircodes are better than postcodes, in that there's 1 per
       | building/address/apartment, however they're discontinuous, so
       | adjacent buildings will have distinctly different eircodes.
       | 
       | The article highlighted the difficulty of shopping centers and
       | apartment buildings, from my experience trying to validate a
       | large number of Eircode <-> addresses for a project, this is
       | definitely an issue. The worse issue is that there's no way to
       | just send someone out to check, because the eircode isn't like a
       | house number that's posted somewhere. (Leaving aside the problem
       | that valid Irish addresses can have no numbers outside of the
       | eircode, and eircodes are a recent, and therefore non-traditional
       | addition)
        
         | NeoTar wrote:
         | I was impressed when I first heard about the objectives of the
         | Eircode system, but it seems the implementation is lacking.
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | The implementation was captured by a private party.
        
         | closewith wrote:
         | Eircodes also aren't used by An Post, to add insult to injury.
         | 
         | > The worse issue is that there's no way to just send someone
         | out to check, because the eircode isn't like a house number
         | that's posted somewhere. (Leaving aside the problem that valid
         | Irish addresses can have no numbers outside of the eircode, and
         | eircodes are a recent, and therefore non-traditional addition)
         | 
         | The HSE National Ambulance Service (NAS) National Emergency
         | Operations Centres (NEOCs) have a GIS package that resolves
         | Eircodes (and other traditional and colloquial addresses) to
         | actual buildings and building entrances in real-time, which
         | actually quite impressive. The directions can be transmitted to
         | ambulances and other assets in real-time and has reduces delays
         | in clinical services due to address confusion enormously since
         | 2016.
         | 
         | So the country is capable. Eircode is what we chose as a
         | country, not what we were limited to.
        
       | ascorbic wrote:
       | As he points out, this was a profoundly stupid mistake made when
       | privatising Royal Mail. It would have been trivially easy to do
       | at that point, but now it's a lot harder. If the government
       | decided that it does want to do this, it can't just pass a law
       | that says "the PAF is now free" without paying hundreds of
       | millions of pounds in compensation to Royal Mail. That's quite
       | apart from the ongoing costs of maintaining the data. At a time
       | of cuts of budgets this would be a hard sell.
        
         | knallfrosch wrote:
         | > If the government decided that it does want to do this, it
         | can't just pass a law that says "the PAF is now free" without
         | paying hundreds of millions of pounds in compensation to Royal
         | Mail.
         | 
         | You can pass the law, get sued and pay whatever the PAF is
         | worth. But that's just.. fair? The govnerment spent 5 mio just
         | for a survey concluding that it's impossible to recreate the
         | PAF. So hundreds of millions sounds like a good deal.
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | Just to be clear: UK Parliament is sovereign. If it passes a
           | law forcibly legalising it, the privatised Royal Mail can sue
           | the government but would need to find an international treaty
           | obligation to win. Even then, if Parliament flagged it and
           | said "we're ignoring this treaty in this case" then the
           | courts are bound to the law, not treaty obligations.
           | 
           | If it has knock-on impacts in other areas, it's hard to say,
           | but that's separate to the law.
        
             | ascorbic wrote:
             | Article 1 of Protocol 1 of the ECHR covers exactly this, so
             | the Supreme Court (and ECtHR if it came to that) would
             | probably find in favour of Royal Mail if this were to be
             | done without compensation.
        
               | jjmarr wrote:
               | The court would make a "declaration of incompatibility"
               | with the ECHR which leaves it up to Parliament to change
               | the law.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_incompatibil
               | ity
        
         | keyringlight wrote:
         | Another part to this is that there's a certain amount of
         | cooperation between Royal Mail and councils street numbering
         | and naming. Councils are the first authority over new
         | streets/locations, changes like a property being split or
         | merged (i.e. landlords converting to a property of multiple
         | occupation and not telling them for various reasons, and then
         | residents have issues getting post), residential/commercial,
         | etc, and then that gets passed onto Royal Mail to update the
         | PAF. If there's an issue with an address you've got to check
         | with the council first, so there would be some good fit for
         | centralization there.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Obvious solution is for the councils to start charging
           | extremely high fees to Royal Mail for such cooperation.
        
         | pkw2017 wrote:
         | "without paying hundreds of millions of pounds in compensation
         | to Royal Mail" < the Royal Mail makes about PS3m/year in
         | profits from selling the data. It would cost a _lot_ less than
         | hundreds of millions to bring it back into govt
        
           | ascorbic wrote:
           | They made about PS18m in revenue though. It depends who'd be
           | taking on the costs. If they still need to maintain the PAF
           | (they need it themselves), then it's the revenue that would
           | need replacing. The best solution would probably be to say
           | that the OS will take over the maintenance (presumably funded
           | by central government if it's going to be open data), and
           | then Royal Mail will have access to the data and can be paid
           | a lot less in compensation.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | Why can't it be taken for free? The system and data was created
         | by a publicly owned body, surely Crown copyright.
        
           | ascorbic wrote:
           | It was (stupidly) included in the assets when Royal Mail was
           | privatised, so it's no longer publicly owned.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I have no idea what UK law is. In the US the data itself is
           | public domain, but the compilation is of data is copyright.
           | Maps commonly would intentionally have errors in to detect
           | copying - the error is creative work and so a copyright
           | violation to copy so if someone copies your map you can sue
           | them for copyright violation for not just the errors but also
           | that compilation. If you take someone else's map and then use
           | that to create own map off of (thus finding and fixing the
           | errors) it is legal, but that is as much work as just
           | creating a map from scratch.
        
             | nimish wrote:
             | > compilation is of data is copyright
             | 
             | Not by default, at least in the US. The database has to
             | actually be more than just a compilation. It's not a high
             | bar to clear, but it's there. Europe and the UK have the
             | "sweat of the brow" doctrine however.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | > Why can't it be taken for free?
           | 
           | It can be, but that has unknown long term effects. If you do
           | this it shows everyone your government cannot be trusted and
           | so other good ideas will not happen because people cannot
           | trust the government. We probably do not agree on what is a
           | good idea so I'm going to leave this vague - whatever your
           | political side there is a good idea that is suddenly
           | unworkable because the government cannot be trusted to hold
           | their end of the deal.
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | So it turns out that James O'Malley has written a post that
         | addresses all the details of this already (of course),
         | including several options for how it could be done affordably.
         | https://takes.jamesomalley.co.uk/p/heres-the-plan-to-actuall...
        
         | InsomniacL wrote:
         | > profoundly stupid mistake
         | 
         | Surely the PAF formed part of the sale price when privatising
         | Royal Mail?
         | 
         | So if you removed it before selling (at a lower price), or you
         | buy it outright after, is there really that much difference
         | making it a profoundly stupid mistake?
        
           | willyt wrote:
           | I doubt they thought about it at that level of detail. I
           | think it was just sold off on the cheap through a share
           | offering with an initial offering[0] of underpriced shares?
           | There was some kind of scheme where a private individual
           | could buy a small number of shares before they went on
           | general sale. Could be wrong though.
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | To never have given would have simply required the government
           | to say "this is not part of the sale."
           | 
           | To take it would likely require either lengthy court battles
           | or legislation. Given the priorities of the Labour Party, the
           | latter isn't likely to happen within the next 5 years (when
           | they'd have to add it to their manifesto).
        
           | ascorbic wrote:
           | Privatisations, like most IPOs, are deliberately under-
           | priced, and I'd very much doubt that the valuation of Royal
           | Mail would have been affected by adding "The universal
           | service provider must maintain the postcode address file and
           | make it available under the Open Government Licence" to the
           | Act
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > it can't just pass a law that says "the PAF is now free"
         | without paying hundreds of millions of pounds in compensation
         | to Royal Mail
         | 
         | Parliament absolutely can, legally. The issue is that it'll set
         | a bad precedent that'll get brought up by the buyer the next
         | time the government want to privatise something.
        
           | aylons wrote:
           | > Parliament absolutely can, legally. The issue is that it'll
           | set a bad precedent that'll get brought up by the buyer the
           | next time the government want to privatise something.
           | 
           | Great, maybe they'll be more wary of taking advantage of this
           | kind of blunder if they can get corrected.
        
         | pxeger1 wrote:
         | > it can't just pass a law that says "the PAF is now free"
         | without paying hundreds of millions of pounds in compensation
         | to Royal Mail
         | 
         | Why not? Parliament has the ability to make whatever laws it
         | wants, no?
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | In the US, the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution says the
           | government cannot take private property for public use
           | without providing just compensation. I don't know whether any
           | similar right exists in the UK.
        
             | ascorbic wrote:
             | Yes, it's in the European Convention on Human Rights, which
             | despite the name also covers companies' rights.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | I think it mainly covers the rights of the people who own
               | companies, which amounts to the same thing.
        
         | psd1 wrote:
         | No mistake; Hanlon's Razor does not apply; the current
         | situation is a desired outcome.
        
           | ascorbic wrote:
           | No, I'm pretty sure this one was incompetence. It came at the
           | same time that the government was going all-in with open data
           | in other areas, and this was a really stupid omission.
        
         | cibyr wrote:
         | Privatising Royal Mail was itself a profoundly stupid mistake.
        
       | intellix wrote:
       | it would be nice if the postal system in the UK and anywhere in
       | the world supported what3words to be honest
        
         | NeoTar wrote:
         | Replacing one proprietary database with another? Is that truly
         | useful?
        
         | manarth wrote:
         | Replace one proprietary format owned by a private organisation
         | with another proprietary format owned by a different private
         | organisation?
        
           | duncans wrote:
           | Plus, fraught with usability issues
           | https://cybergibbons.com/security-2/why-what3words-is-not-
           | su...
        
       | askvictor wrote:
       | Our company started operating in the UK recently, and some of our
       | customers were very surprised we didn't charge for a subscription
       | for part of our product. The idea would have no legs in Australia
       | (our homeland) but is completely normal in the UK. So, new
       | revenue stream for us, and some learnings about the UK culture.
        
         | lewispollard wrote:
         | It is, but at least in my experience, we do it for the 10%
         | discount and then immediately cancel the subscription every
         | time we want to make a purchase.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | The simple solution here is a threat from the government to Royal
       | Mail.
       | 
       | Give us your postcode file for free, or we will simply make up a
       | new numbering scheme, send an address card to every house telling
       | them of their new number with their next council tax bill, and
       | postcodes will become a thing of the past.
       | 
       | The new numbering scheme will be unique to each house too, and
       | have a check digit so the number alone is sufficient for 3rd
       | party logistics companies like Amazon to use it for deliveries.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | The idea of the UK government attempting to do such a thing
         | fills me with the utmost dread.
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | When did this almost Reaganite sentiment ("I'm from the
           | government and I'm here to help") make home in the UK? I know
           | it's not recent: I remember similar arguments coming from the
           | No2ID camp in 2005 at-least.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Quite a lot of it is Reaganism, via Thatcher. Probably
             | dates from the Winter of Discontent.
             | 
             | It's not entirely without merit, but only because there's a
             | tendency to drastically underfund and micromanage state
             | services. And things like the Post Office Horizon fiasco do
             | not make the government look good here.
             | 
             | On the other hand GDS is excellent - but that's almost
             | entirely as a result of staff professionalism, rather than
             | being driven by whichever ministers had the leadership of
             | the civil service.
             | 
             | An odd outcome of the ID discourse is that we now have an
             | extremely high tech biometric identity system .. but only
             | for immigrants.
        
               | willyt wrote:
               | 'The Post Office' is a private company. Wasn't the
               | Horizon system implemented after privatisation?
        
               | amiga386 wrote:
               | No. The Post Office is not a private company, it's a
               | public limited company with the government as sole
               | shareholder.
               | 
               | It was changed from a government department to a
               | statutory corporation in 1969. It was then changed to a
               | public limited company in 2000.
               | 
               | Furthermore:
               | 
               | - Post Office Ltd owns and runs Post Office Counters Ltd
               | which runs the post office branches. This is the company
               | that uses Horizon (since 1999)
               | 
               | - Royal Mail delivers mail to addresses, and owns the
               | Postcode Address File. Royal Mail was separated from the
               | Post Office and privatised in 2013. It has never used
               | Horizon.
               | 
               | Horizon is an EFTPOS/accounting system, nothing to do
               | with mail delivery. It was introduced to the Post Office
               | in 1999 after Fujitsu/ICL were originally commissioned by
               | government to build an accounting system for the Benefits
               | Agency, and it was so awful and buggy the Benefits Agency
               | rejected it, so the government asked them to retool it
               | for the Post Office.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | > it's a public limited company with the government as
               | sole shareholder.
               | 
               | ...isn't that PR China's business-model: state-
               | capitalism?
        
             | jetbooster wrote:
             | There's certainly been distrust/mild distain for the govt
             | in Scotland, Wales, and The North since Reagan's gender-
             | swap, Thatcher, for broadly similar reasons Reagan is
             | maligned
        
             | BoxOfRain wrote:
             | For ID cards specifically most of the hostility was towards
             | Blair's specific implementation which had a wide-ranging
             | database that pretty much everyone and their dog in the
             | public sector and beyond would have access to. While the
             | arguments are perhaps a bit weaker in the modern day where
             | the government taps the internet backbones and surveillance
             | is a major category of business model, there were
             | definitely good arguments against Blair's proposals that
             | weren't necessarily applicable to ID cards in general.
             | 
             | I don't think it's necessarily Thatcherism that made people
             | like this, just a slow erosion of trust that the government
             | has the competency to carry out the tasks of a modern
             | country that's accelerated as time's gone on. Anecdotally
             | Liz Truss's episode as Prime Minister seemed to be the
             | final straw for a lot of people's goodwill towards the
             | government.
        
             | n4r9 wrote:
             | I'm saying this as quite a strongly left-wing person. I am
             | very much in favour of competent government intervention
             | and regulation of markets. But the current government,
             | probably since Thatcher, has shown themselves to be
             | incapable of delivering large-scale national projects.
        
           | devnullbrain wrote:
           | But they already have. The Post Office was still nationalised
           | when post codes were distributed.
        
             | n4r9 wrote:
             | True, but it's specifically the modern UK government - with
             | its penchant for outsourcing jobs to ministers mates and
             | bloated contractors - whose competency at large scale
             | projects I dread.
        
         | billpg wrote:
         | "The government are going to reintroduce ID cards! Panic!"
        
         | left-struck wrote:
         | To have a unique id for each house is neat but I think there
         | are loads of situations you'd have to account for so that there
         | isn't any ambiguity in the assignment of unique ids. If any
         | ambiguities exist inevitably you will have exceptions in the
         | system which defeats the point. For example -Subdivision of a
         | lot. -Joining of lots. -You said every house... what about two
         | houses on the same lot? -What about apartments buildings? -What
         | happens when one or more houses are demolished and an apartment
         | building goes up? Etc etc
         | 
         | I work in manufacturing and this sounds a lot like the problem
         | of part numbering, and let me tell you, it's not a trivial
         | problem and the company I work for thought it was and got it
         | wrong.
        
           | throwway_278314 wrote:
           | entity resolution is hard everywhere. Because the world is
           | dynamic, but the common understanding of "entity" is a static
           | object.
           | 
           | and the only perfect description of the world is the world,
           | just like on a more trivial scale the only perfect
           | description of what a piece of software does is to run it and
           | see what it does.
           | 
           | So the best I know is to find a level of abstraction that
           | captures enough stability to be useful, with enough
           | flexibility to enable the classification to adopt.
           | 
           | In math, phylogenetic trees might be an example; think
           | Dirichlette processes and exchangeable stochastic processes.
        
         | neo1908 wrote:
         | I know the UK gov has enjoyed causing a lot of chaos over the
         | past few years but my god that would be on a whole other
         | level...
        
         | incompatible wrote:
         | Just modify the law so that databases of postal addresses are
         | not copyrightable.
        
           | throwway_278314 wrote:
           | so modify the law to deprive an owner of their legal property
           | which was given to them by the law?
           | 
           | Not sure that's a precedent I'd want set in a common-law
           | country, and not sure that would hold up to judicial review
           | under common law.
           | 
           | The government made a bone-headed mistake when they included
           | the postal data as an asset in the sale. The solution is for
           | them to admit their mistake and pay for it. It's fiat money
           | anyway, so it doesn't really cost anything. Having them abuse
           | their government power to cover up their mistake is not an
           | approach I endorse.
           | 
           | Not that this hasn't happened before, think postal scandal or
           | yesterday's comments on the Hawke and Curacoa
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41285275
        
             | incompatible wrote:
             | It would just be a change of law or regulations.
             | Governments change these all the time, and sometimes it
             | costs people or businesses money.
             | 
             | In any case, nationalisation has a long history in the UK,
             | so it would hardly be setting a precedent.
        
           | psd1 wrote:
           | I'm in favour, but that leaves RM holding a database of non-
           | copyrightable addresses.
           | 
           | One way or the other, a private asset must be either
           | nationalised or compelled to be released.
           | 
           | Gradual renationalisation of the rail network was in the
           | manifesto. That's not particularly contentious, as rail
           | franchises have fixed terms. But the manifesto is all about
           | steadying the ship, and militant nationalisation risks
           | spooking investors, so whether the government has any
           | appetite to nationalise anything by fiat is questionable.
           | 
           | Nonetheless, there's public support for renationalisation;
           | and, for such a low-value asset, this might be a nice test of
           | the waters.
        
           | Aloisius wrote:
           | I'm surprised it is copyrightable. It wouldn't be in the US.
        
         | cjs_ac wrote:
         | I'm unable to think of any reform in British history where
         | 'throw everything out and start again' had successful outcomes.
         | The British state runs on two principles: maximum effect for
         | minimum effort, and the Ship of Theseus.
        
         | M2Ys4U wrote:
         | Well we already have UPRNs[0] but they're a little unwieldy for
         | human use.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Property_Reference_Numb...
        
         | KermitTheFrog wrote:
         | Come on, "we've always done it that way" is a base ground of
         | UK.
        
         | willyt wrote:
         | Every property already has a UPRN (unique property reference
         | number). If you go on a council website and find a recent
         | planning application it will be linked with this UPRN in the
         | council's database. If I ever want to find a postcode I go to
         | the find a planning application map and look it up there. I've
         | not checked this in England, but it's definitely the case in
         | Scotland. e.g. here's a random example; the entry for St
         | Mungo's Cathedral in Glasgow:
         | 
         | https://publicaccess.glasgow.gov.uk/online-applications/case...
        
           | masfuerte wrote:
           | You can look it up here:
           | 
           | https://www.findmyaddress.co.uk/
        
       | darau1 wrote:
       | I hope this happens. I can only dream of the day when my country
       | gets something like this.
        
       | librasteve wrote:
       | great article, this demonstrates just how bad the civil service &
       | politicians are when it comes to negotiating contracts with
       | private investors... or trade deals, or brexit if it comes to
       | that
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | In Switzerland anyone can use the national database of addresses.
       | 
       | https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/official-directory-of-buil...
        
       | justinclift wrote:
       | This doesn't seem correct:                   The problem is it's
       | not an easy dataset to get hold of, as it cost a lot of money.
       | This is because the data has to be licensed from Royal Mail ...
       | 
       | It seems to be talking about the National Statistics Postcode
       | Lookup UK, which is officially published here:
       | https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/7ec10db7-c8f4-4a40-8d82-8921...
       | 
       | It's been there from at least 2017, which is when I first came
       | across it.
       | 
       | There are later version of the data set online too: https://open-
       | geography-portalx-ons.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/o...
       | 
       | The license:
       | https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences
       | Under the terms of the Open Government Licence and UK Government
       | Licensing Framework         (launched 30 September 2010), if you
       | wish to use or re-use ONS material, whether         commercially
       | or privately, you may do so freely without a specific application
       | for a         licence, subject to the conditions of the Open
       | Government Licence and the Framework.         If you are
       | reproducing ONS content you must include a source accreditation
       | to ONS.
       | 
       | If the article is talking about a different postcode address file
       | though, then the above doesn't apply. ;)
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | That's not the https://www.poweredbypaf.com/product/paf/
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Or we can just start using https://what3words.com/ and
       | geolocation.
       | 
       | I disagree with the report, I think it's feasible with a bit of
       | creativity.
       | 
       | The government also has this:
       | https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/091feb1c-aea6-45c9-82bf-768a...
       | 
       | We could also start with an imperfect solution, offer it as a
       | free API (maybe even self-hosted and communicating with other
       | services p2p) and wait for users to select or insert missing
       | addresses, until we eventually converge to a good OSS database.
       | If it's a single service being shared by everyone, you would need
       | to insert your address once and then it would be part of the
       | database forever, and you would get the right result at any other
       | time in the future.
       | 
       | There is also a dirty but hard to attack option: - Start from the
       | NAG - Build an opaque AI process which is hard to audit and that
       | is tuned until it produces a result close to PAF but with a few
       | extra errors - Sell the new database to the government,
       | government open sources that - Directors get paid their share -
       | Company get sued out of existance by RoyalMail - Government pays
       | a few millions in 20 years, if the RoyalMail experts can prove
       | anything in court
        
       | MSFT_Edging wrote:
       | It blows my mind how many public services have been privatized in
       | the UK. It just feels like they're selling off the shoes they're
       | standing in. When their railways got privatized, the service
       | didn't improve, the price just ballooned.
       | 
       | Even in the states, the USPS has resisted privatization this far.
       | For the love of god I hope it continues to. Protect our boys n
       | girls in blue and tell your congressman you want postal banking.
        
         | normangray wrote:
         | Yup. The Post Office, the railways, the _water system_ , for
         | heavens' sake!
         | 
         | The tories, as a matter of religious faith, see privatised =>
         | efficient, whilst being unclear on the difference between
         | 'efficient at creating shareholder value' and 'efficient at
         | serving the public good'. The political mood music, over the
         | last few decades, has meant that the Labour party has
         | repeatedly found itself obliged to say positive things about
         | privatisation, as part of the process of Being Sensible About
         | The Economy (there is a _much_ longer alternative version of
         | this comment!).
         | 
         | The US -- the world temple of capitalism -- seems to be oddly
         | principled (viewed from outside) about keeping certain things
         | such as the postal service, or USGS, as part of the service to
         | the public realm.
         | 
         | The one service _probably_ immune from privatisation is the
         | Health Service. It 's only the most frothing-at-the-mouth
         | right-wingers, the provocateurs just one step away from a
         | rabies injection, who'd even admit out loud to a desire to do
         | that. A politician talking about privatising the NHS would I
         | think be pretty much equivalent to a US libertarian politician
         | talking about privatising the armed forces.
         | 
         | (there's a longer version of that comment, as well...)
        
         | rswail wrote:
         | The USPS is a constitutional creation. That's why it can't be
         | privatized.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_Clause
        
       | alexchamberlain wrote:
       | To be clear, is the National Address Gazetteer open? As far as I
       | can tell, it isn't, but I don't know if that's because they're
       | trying to obfuscate it.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | Recent history teaches that the Post Office should be the last
       | company on earth to be anywhere near creating a nationally
       | important IT system. Their technology team have been useless for
       | decades.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | The PAF is maintained by Royal Mail, a different company from
         | the Post Office.
        
       | frereubu wrote:
       | I've used https://postcodes.io/ on a number of projects.
       | 
       | There's information about it here - https://postcodes.io/about -
       | which doesn't fully answer where the data comes from, although it
       | mentions OS, so I presume it's based on the OS AddressBase
       | product?
       | 
       | I also wonder how complete it is now, although the sites we've
       | built haven't had any issues as far as I'm aware.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | As the tenant, once, of a new build home in the UK it's not just
       | the file that's important: it's the channels to _patch_ the file
       | too.
       | 
       | I spent almost a year having to enter my address manually because
       | the postcode DB -- or whatever old version pets.com, cameras.com,
       | and looroll.com had -- lagged behind the reality of my infill
       | bungalow for seemingly forever. I'm 8 _A_ godamnit, not _8_.
       | (Thank you Mrs. No8 for accepting my packages throughout those
       | dark months btw.)
       | 
       | It's just like _tzdata_. A precious resource not just because it
       | compiles the history of geopolitical wallclock settings, but also
       | because it is meticulously _updated_ , on time and on budget.
       | 
       | It's all very well liberating
       | PAF.v2024_08finalfinal_v3_final.doc, but who is also going to
       | keep it up to date?
       | 
       | I'm not a hater, just a realist. TFA is spot on: we'll never be
       | able out compete with or recreate or leak a sufficient version of
       | the PAF. It, and it's entire infrastructure, needs to be wrested
       | into public hands ASAP. And we should be prepared to fund the
       | updates.
        
       | mjevans wrote:
       | They could also link tax filings and a Plus Code for physical
       | location: https://maps.google.com/pluscodes/
       | https://github.com/google/open-location-code
        
       | gregsadetsky wrote:
       | Canada is in the same spot with the postal code data being for
       | sale only.
       | 
       | Relatedly and famously, Canada Post sued [0] geocoder.ca [1]
       | years ago because it made available a _crowdsourced_ database of
       | postal codes...
       | 
       | Years later, the case was settled [2] but yeah. You still have to
       | pay for the "real" data.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.michaelgeist.ca/2012/04/canada-post-geocoder-
       | sui...
       | 
       | [1] https://geocoder.ca/
       | 
       | [2] https://geocoder.ca/?sued=1 (nice url...)
        
       | ss64 wrote:
       | The PAF file only returns a 9% profit (based on a 2009 report)
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084021/http://www.psc.go...
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | Why bother paying attention to all this legal mumbo-jumbo?
       | 
       | Just have someone exfiltrate the file and post it on Anna's
       | Archive. Or extract them from Open Street Map.
       | 
       | Just bypass the Royal Mail altogether.
       | 
       | Or just ignore the postcodes. For most private individuals an
       | ordinary street address works perfectly well and is needed anyway
       | even if the postcode is provided.
        
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       (page generated 2024-08-23 23:00 UTC)