[HN Gopher] Evidence stacks up for poisonous books containing to...
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       Evidence stacks up for poisonous books containing toxic dyes
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2024-08-19 14:31 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | lupusreal wrote:
       | Bad idea to lick your fingers when leafing through Aristotle's
       | lost treatise on laughter.
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | (I was _waiting_ for this comment :)
        
         | baerrie wrote:
         | This is from a movie right? I remember watching it but not the
         | name.
        
           | golan wrote:
           | The name of the rose
        
             | glandium wrote:
             | From the novel by Umberto Eco. With a French director, Sean
             | Connery, Christian Slater, Ron Perlman and more. Great
             | movie.
        
               | mikub wrote:
               | Yep great movie. Was filmed in 'Kloster Eberbach'
               | germany, not far from where I live, always worth a visit.
               | 
               | https://kloster-eberbach.de/
        
               | amiga386 wrote:
               | It was also a good 8-part miniseries: https://en.wikipedi
               | a.org/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(miniseri...
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | > _a French director_
               | 
               | Who even has a name: Jean-Jacques Annaud.
        
           | redprince wrote:
           | Is is from a movie and a novel which the movie was based on.
           | Both go by the title "The Name of the Rose". The author of
           | the novel is Umberto Eco.
        
             | klondike_klive wrote:
             | My favourite Bond film. Where he goes undercover as a 14th
             | century Benedictine Monk.
        
         | DiscourseFan wrote:
         | don't remind me of all the great works buried deep in the in
         | the cheek of history
        
         | ErigmolCt wrote:
         | Definitely a bad idea!
        
         | bashmelek wrote:
         | The motif also shows up in the 1001 Nights
        
       | kreyenborgi wrote:
       | https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/ ( via
       | https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/08/that-book-is-poison-... )
       | lists the New York Cook Book containing the lead chromate. Yum!
        
       | lukas099 wrote:
       | It's too bad, because they are some beautiful book covers.
       | 
       | Arsenic green: https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/arsenic-
       | bookbinding...
       | 
       | Lead chromate yellow:
       | https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/chrome-yellow-bookc...
        
       | mandmandam wrote:
       | > "I find it fascinating to know what previous generations
       | thought was safe, and then we learn, oh, actually, that might not
       | have been a great idea to use these brilliant dyes," Weinstein-
       | Webb says.
       | 
       | Yep. William Morris was a divil for this, and refused to
       | acknowledge the dangers well past when they were known.
       | 
       | I wonder though - in terms of human potential and lives lost, do
       | all of those examples put together come anywhere near what we're
       | doing today with PFAS, microplastics, agricultural & industrial
       | runoff, neonicotinoids, etc.?
       | 
       | It's easy to point fingers now and laugh at the Victorians
       | smearing lead pain on their face, or the folks taking radioactive
       | suppositories for health... Fun too. But like... We're in the
       | most glassy house imaginable.
       | 
       | We know better, like Morris, but we're still letting people away
       | with this stuff (and even imprisoning the activists fighting it).
       | Takes a lot of the fun out of it :/
        
         | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
         | The thing too is that we know better, but we still use those
         | toxic substances because the people who are profiting off it
         | aren't the ones suffering ill effects.
         | 
         | Well, at least the petrochemical people flooding the world with
         | microplastics also have it in their bodies.
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | > Well, at least the petrochemical people flooding the world
           | with microplastics also have it in their bodies.
           | 
           | Hate to smudge your consolation, but the tech is probably
           | there for them to filter their blood now, or it will be soon.
           | [0]
           | 
           | Course, it will be far too expensive for poor people.
           | 
           | Still! At least the microplastics in their brains will be
           | harder to clean! [1]
           | 
           | ... Seriously, these people need stopping. They're never
           | going to stop on their own.
           | 
           | 0 - https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8929/3/3/28
           | 
           | 1 - https://www.smh.com.au/national/human-brain-tissue-made-
           | up-o...
        
             | the8thbit wrote:
             | > 1 - https://www.smh.com.au/national/human-brain-tissue-
             | made-up-o...
             | 
             | holy shit 1/200 molecules in your fucking brain is straight
             | up plastic jesus christ
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | Brings a whole new meaning to the word 'neuroplasticity',
               | amirite?
               | 
               |  _crickets_
        
         | ErigmolCt wrote:
         | The comparison between historical hazards like toxic dyes and
         | modern environmental issues is a gooood one! The evolution of
         | our understanding of risk and safety.
        
         | harimau777 wrote:
         | I've been learning to use makeup recently and I've been
         | surprised at how common it is to do things that I would
         | instinctively avoid. (I realize this is probably all extremely
         | pedestrian for people who grew up wearing makeup, but it was
         | surprising to me).
         | 
         | For example, it's fairly common to use eyeliner on the
         | "waterline" of your eye where it will wash off into your eye
         | over time. You need to reapply lipstick periodically; partially
         | because some of it ends up getting washed off and swallowed. A
         | lot of these eye and lip makeups contain (cosmetic grade)
         | glitter. A lot of makeup is in the form of sticky sprays or
         | powders that presumably get partially inhaled.
         | 
         | I don't mean this as some sort of hysterical "makeup is a
         | conspiracy to kill us!!1!1" sort of thing. I know that it goes
         | through extensive testing and is probably mostly safe. However,
         | I do wonder if some of these might eventually be found to be
         | less safe then we originally thought.
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | I've worn makeup a few times... What amazed me is how gross
           | it feels.
           | 
           | It might be the ADD or whatever, but I really detest the
           | feeling of being caked in grease. I've often wondered what
           | kind of damage its doing to people's skin to block gas
           | exchange, clog pores, soak in weird chemicals, etc.
           | 
           | Gotta say though, it never occurred to me how much goop is
           | going in people's eye holes, or how much lipstick they're
           | ingesting. The inhalation I've thought about a lot... It's
           | not easy to get shit out of your lungs once it goes in there.
           | High hopes for earth-friendly (and lung friendly) glitter to
           | become more of a thing.
           | 
           | All that said - I get it. We're incredibly shallow,
           | generally, and I've seen in myself and others the difference
           | a little makeup can make in how you're treated.
        
           | wafflemaker wrote:
           | Buying good (not killing you or damaging your skin) cosmetics
           | and using them properly is an art, as I've observed watching
           | my wife.
           | 
           | To be honest, the best really is to just use retinol creams?
           | and take care of your diet. This way you can get away using
           | hardly any make up. Bonus is that you don't need to wash it
           | off afterwards.
           | 
           | But beauty treatments and knowledge is expensive, that's why
           | poorer or less informed people have to make do with make up.
           | Don't quote me on this, but usually the most advertised
           | brands are also the ones that are most toxic (just repeating
           | what I've learned from my wife).
        
             | mandmandam wrote:
             | > the most advertised brands are also the ones that are
             | most toxic
             | 
             | I truly believe this is true of just about everything.
             | 
             | The harder they have to advertise it, the more likely it's
             | actually really fucking bad for us.
             | 
             | What gets advertised the most - sugary snacks,
             | pharmaceuticals, huckster lawyers, insurance, pesticide
             | laden cereal and grain products, bitcoin, fossil fuel, fast
             | food, mortgages, gambling sites, cigarettes (in countries
             | where that's still legal)... Where's the ads for organic
             | carrots, or watermelon?
        
       | Exuma wrote:
       | I like painting, and have always liked emerald green:
       | https://www.winsornewton.com/na/articles/colours/spotlight-o...
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | Fine. I won't eat the books then if they're poisonous.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | This is a common mistake, the books are actually _venomous_.
         | Don 't let them bite you.
        
       | harimau777 wrote:
       | Something that I've noticed, that I wonder if it could be an
       | useful (although very blunt force) heuristic for thinking about
       | chemicals:
       | 
       | Chemicals with strong effects (e.g. bright colors, the ability to
       | permanently set dye, powerful adhesives and epoxies, breathable
       | waterproofing, etc.) often achieve their effect via strong
       | chemical reactions. Strong chemical reactions have a good chance
       | of being able to interact with your body's chemical reactions and
       | make you sick. Therefore, you should default to handling
       | chemicals with strong effects with caution (e.g. wearing gloves
       | and a respirator if there are fumes).
       | 
       | Of course this is just a rule of thumb. Fruit juice is brightly
       | colored but generally doesn't require special handling. Mineral
       | sunscreen works via physical rather than chemical properties.
       | Etc.
        
         | pennomi wrote:
         | Fruit juice also doesn't retain its color over long periods of
         | time. Good dyes in general are hard to make safely, and we use
         | a lot of dyes in our society.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | >physical rather than chemical properties
         | 
         | The field of physical chemistry is going to blow your mind.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Ya, I'm definitely speaking in VERY broad strokes here
           | because this isn't my area of expertise! I was just meaning
           | that in comparison to what's called "chemical sunscreen"
           | which, according to my admittedly limited understanding,
           | works by undergoing a chemical reaction when exposed to UV.
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | I understand, I just couldn't help myself :)
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | this is backwards. yes, the un-set dye is reactive. but the set
         | dye isn't reactive. that's what's 'set' about it
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Definitely! I use this rule of thumb when I'm crafting to
           | know that I need to wear gloves while dying something, using
           | adhesives, industrial cleaners, etc. After it's set you only
           | need to be careful in as much as you need to prevent bleeding
           | colors onto other clothes.
        
       | ralferoo wrote:
       | It didn't seem to be mentioned in the article, but have these
       | covers always been unsafe to handle, or has the problem got worse
       | as the books get older and maybe the chemicals are more likely to
       | leech out or be released as dust etc?
       | 
       | If they've always been toxic, I'm kind of surprised that it
       | wasn't noticed at the time. And presumably, there was a point
       | when we stopped using these dyes. Was that because we knew the
       | risks they posed, in which case why did we lose that knowledge,
       | or was it just that we switched to cheaper processes that just
       | happened to be safer?
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | They were always toxic, and people got poisoned. Generally
         | safety was not something victorians spend a lot of energy on.
         | 
         | Sometimes things are weird like that. Like how lead was put in
         | petrol even when the toxicity of lead was known.
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | Victorians put a lot of energy on safety. It's just that the
           | safety they cared about was vastly different to what were the
           | actual things killing them.
           | 
           | If you want a modern take on it observe our obsession with
           | stranger danger for children while we happily fill them up
           | with plastic.
        
             | viscountchocula wrote:
             | What was the safety they cared about?
        
               | jzemeocala wrote:
               | I'm curious as well.
        
               | ThinkingGuy wrote:
               | For one thing, they really seem to have worried about
               | accidentally being buried alive:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_coffin
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | It is unclear to me how prevalent those fears were. The
               | device was invented sure, someone had this fear or
               | someone thought someone did, but how common was that
               | really.
        
               | idontwantthis wrote:
               | They were desperately concerned about women's uteruses
               | falling out and wanted them to avoid strenuous activities
               | like reading fiction.
        
             | xvedejas wrote:
             | How many children are expected to eventually die from
             | plastic?
        
               | rowanG077 wrote:
               | Well we don't know If microplastics are really bad. Let's
               | just assume they are mildly toxic. Since the high amount
               | of children on earth it will still be millions seriously
               | affected.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | The greater problem imo is the endocrine disruptors used
               | as plasticizers.
               | 
               | But I think people are far too obsessed with mortality
               | outcomes. If that's all you care about, you'll completely
               | miss that your male infants are all coming out
               | underdeveloped and a decade later the public won't stop
               | fighting over who can use which bathroom while sucking
               | down a starbucks riddeled with bisphenols and phthalates.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | You have microplastic in your balls (if you have them).
               | _They 're in your brain_ [0] - 0.5% by mass, which is 50%
               | more than 8 years ago.
               | 
               | They're in the Mariana Trench, and Everest, and the rain.
               | 
               | And production is still rising.
               | 
               | 0 - https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/23/health/plastics-
               | in-brain-...
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Well, start with BPAs. Then add PFOAs (ie goretex,
               | jackets are cca pure plastic). Micro/nano plastics
               | themselves are still unknown, but those first two have
               | already caused some significant damage. How do you count
               | rate of cancer X raised by some tiny % Y on hundreds of
               | millions of kids, billions if counting longer timescales
               | since plastics were old news even in 80s?
               | 
               | If you think eating plastics is fine, feel free to start
               | chewing some of it daily, of course lowest quality and
               | price.
        
             | vsuperpower2021 wrote:
             | It's ironic that you say "they cared about was vastly
             | different to what were the actual things killing them" then
             | immediately pivot to plastic. I wonder where you read that
             | from. Can you tell me about fluoride in water too?
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | Like how we spray weed killer everywhere even though we know
           | it causes cancer
        
             | insane_dreamer wrote:
             | and keep firing coal plants[0] even though more people in
             | the US die from lung cancer, by far, than any other cancer
             | (2.5x breast cancer, 5x leukemia, etc.; it also has a
             | higher mortality rate than most other cancers[1]
             | 
             | [0] https://synapse.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/201fc98
             | c0d74... [1] https://www.cancer.gov/types/common-cancers
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | Is that more a coal thing or a tobacco thing?
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | More tobacco, but the share of non-smokers with lung
               | cancer has been increasing lately (probably because less
               | people smoke). Estimated 10-20%. ""If lung cancer in
               | never-smokers were a separate entity, it would be in the
               | top 10 cancers in the U.S." for both incidence and
               | mortality."[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/26/growing-share-of-
               | lung-ca...
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | the copper acetoarsenite covers have always been unsafe to
         | handle, while the others are completely safe
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Many pigments past and present a pretty toxic and always have
         | been unsafe to handle. Of course it is also worse when old
         | materials degrade and start shedding into the environment to be
         | picked up or breathed in by people.
         | 
         | >presumably, there was a point when we stopped using these dyes
         | 
         | The discovery of toxicity and phasing out depends on the
         | individual chemical, not really all at once.
         | 
         | In the past, it was often quite widely known how toxic these
         | things were and they were used anyway.
         | 
         | Paris green was used as a rat poison, insecticide, and a
         | pigment all at the same time, factory workers were often
         | poisoned with it.
         | 
         | Today we are really paranoid about these kinds of things,
         | sometimes maybe a little too much, but the comfort levels with
         | known dangers in the past was surprisingly high.
        
           | NikkiA wrote:
           | And yet the US still uses Red Dye #3 for example.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | this is overblown
       | 
       | copper acetoarsenite is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_green
       | and is deadly, but still used by artists as a pigment today
       | (though it's no longer used for things like wallpaper, clothing,
       | and rat poison)
       | 
       | lead oxide is a mild concern; it's sweet, and back when it was
       | the most common white pigment for painting houses, kids would
       | chew on it. at that time there was a massive subclinical lead
       | poisoning outbreak that probably resulted in an unprecedented
       | decades-long crime wave in the usa, but that was probably more
       | due to leaded gasoline than the paint. and the amount that can
       | potentially flake off a book is even smaller than what kids got
       | chewing on paint chips
       | 
       | but lead chromate is basically nontoxic under any normal exposure
       | conditions. it's something you don't want to eat, though people
       | commonly use it as a food dye;
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_chromate says:
       | 
       | > _Despite containing both lead and hexavalent chromium, lead
       | chromate is not acutely lethal because of its very low
       | solubility. The LD50 for rats is only 5,000 mg /kg. Lead chromate
       | must be treated with great care in its manufacture, the main
       | concerns being dust of the chromate precursor. (...) It is used
       | (illegally) to enhance the color of certain spices, particularly
       | turmeric,[8][9] particularly in Bangladesh. (...) Unlike other
       | lead-based paint pigments, lead chromate is still widely used,
       | especially in road marking paint._
       | 
       | and lead sulfide is pretty much completely nontoxic. there's no
       | way to get lead poisoning from it. that's why egg whites are an
       | antidote to lead poisoning.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_sulfide#Safety
       | 
       | if you tried to murder someone with lead chromate and lead
       | sulfide, you would fail. they would probably be unharmed
       | 
       | now, it's also possible the lead is in some other form that's
       | more dangerous. and it's not clear that you'd put lead sulfide in
       | a book on purpose; it's black, but carbon is cheaper, and making
       | carbon black is both safer and easier. so maybe the excess lead
       | is in some form that's of real concern. but the compounds they've
       | identified are harmless, except for the green menace we already
       | knew about
       | 
       | phys.org and the acs should be ashamed of having printed this
       | baseless fearmongering
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | Death, magic, alchemy, transmutation, poison (and so perhaps by
       | extension, radiation) are all associated with fluorescent green
       | to some degree. (Do a Google image search for "necromancy" or
       | "poisonous dragon" and the majority colour is fluorescent green.)
       | This might be partly influenced by the arsenic greens of the
       | Victorian era.
        
         | _ntka wrote:
         | Radiation would perhaps be better pictured with a light blue
         | glow (Cherenkov radiation).
         | 
         | The green glow used in pop culture has its origin in the
         | widespread use of radium paint to achieve a glow-in-the-dark
         | effect (e.g. on watch faces) in the early 20th century. I still
         | own a radium watch. The paint was always fluorescent green. And
         | it did glow.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | Isn't it usually the phosphor that wears out rather than the
           | radium decaying that stops them glowing? Would it be possible
           | for someone with the correct safety equipment to apply a new
           | layer of fluorescent paint?
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | It's possible, but it's a bad idea, unless you just want it
             | for display in a sealed case.
             | 
             | If you want a sane version, get modern tritium-based
             | glowing capsules.
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | There's an allegory in there. Toxic books.
        
       | sharksauce wrote:
       | Any Nethack veteran knows this can happen to you if you try to
       | read a cursed spellbook.
        
       | hatenberg wrote:
       | Obligatory William of Baskerville quote
       | 
       | "Monkeys do not laugh. Laughter is particular to men"
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I thought this was something new, but it's Vienna Green still out
       | there causing mayhem every time we forget about Vienna Green.
       | Which they don't even mention, they just call it copper
       | acetoarsenite. Nobody is going to call a Victorian book or
       | wallpaper "copper acetoarsenite" they're gonna call it what it
       | is, which is Vienna Green.
        
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