[HN Gopher] Breaking down a record-setting day on the Texas grid
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Breaking down a record-setting day on the Texas grid
        
       Author : kmax12
       Score  : 199 points
       Date   : 2024-08-21 19:18 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.gridstatus.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.gridstatus.io)
        
       | hmcdona1 wrote:
       | If I'm reading this right, my thermostat's "rush hours" seem to
       | be scheduled for gross load peak. They then seem to usually end
       | (and kick my AC back to a desired temp causing a ton of usage)
       | right around net load peak...which this is now reporting is when
       | energy prices go through the roof.
       | 
       | So basically the "rush hour" program has likely been costing me
       | more money than if I just ignored them to begin with up to this
       | point. I do realize these programs are primarily about limiting
       | peak gross load and not saving individuals money but maybe I
       | won't go out of my way to abide by them now...
        
         | sunshinesnacks wrote:
         | Maybe this is obvious, but make sure to check your rate
         | structure with your energy company. Just because market prices
         | are high later in the day doesn't mean that's when your prices
         | are highest.
        
           | hmcdona1 wrote:
           | While this is true for much of Texas. I happen to live in a
           | city that still has a public operator. So we just get more
           | generalized flatter rates. I haven't looked into the details
           | of my plan closely in a while as a result though, so you
           | might be right.
           | 
           | En masse though, it seems not ideal from a cost perspective
           | the way things have been scheduled up until now. I'll give
           | them the benefit of the doubt that it might be adjusted
           | better in the future.
        
         | fnordfnordfnord wrote:
         | Austin Energy? There aren't many providers that I am aware of
         | in Texas that have variable rates.
        
           | jhayward wrote:
           | Austin Energy does Tiered Usage billing, not time-of-use, for
           | residential customers.
        
           | bradknowles wrote:
           | See powertochoose.org for examples.
        
         | gre wrote:
         | My rush hour went off yesterday afternoon and the temp rise
         | made me doze off and i woke up sweating with it set to 80
         | degrees. I'm in the process of canceling, it's not easy. I used
         | the chat and someone is going to send me an email (which says
         | it's canceled?) within 24-48 hours.
         | 
         | Harder to turn off than anything else in recent memory. If
         | anyone has a pro tip on an easy way to cancel let me know.
        
           | 486sx33 wrote:
           | Just connect the wires manually To turn on the fan and AC,
           | you'd connect R and Y (or R, G, and Y on systems where the
           | thermostat controls the fan).
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | For real, you have to hotwire your AC for manual operation?
        
             | gre wrote:
             | You can change the temperature after rush hour starts. I'm
             | talking about turning off the rush hour crap entirely.
        
             | xnyan wrote:
             | Don't do this, a cheap non-programmable thermostat is a
             | better option and inexpensive.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Wire them both up so that your cheap thermostat provides
               | hard upper and lower limits.
               | 
               | Your HVAC doesn't care where it gets a 24V signal. An
               | open relay won't mind being energized from the "wrong"
               | direction. AFAIK, thermostats won't tattle.
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | When I had them hooked into my EV, I literally had to change
           | my Kia password when they ignored my requests to disable the
           | feature.
           | 
           | Presumably they similarly have some sort of cloud permission
           | into your thermostat, which can be disabled by changing the
           | password, resetting the device, or worst case scenario, get a
           | new thermostat.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | After giving my electricity provider access to my EV for
         | optimal charging pretty much killed the 12v battery (they were
         | pinging it hundreds of times an hour, meaning it never went to
         | sleep), I'm never going to give them access to anything.
        
           | nsriv wrote:
           | I had no idea this was a thing that could happen, I thought
           | (naively, I suppose) that all they'd get would be the
           | equivalent of a meter reading with a suggestion to limit load
           | at certain hours.
        
           | rch wrote:
           | Next day load shapes are predictable, so devices should
           | optimize their charging accordingly.
        
           | miguelazo wrote:
           | Which utility was this? That reeks of gross incompetence.
        
             | bdcravens wrote:
             | Reliant, in Houston
             | 
             | You can setup the integration in the app, but disconnecting
             | requires you to send an email with absolutely zero
             | acknowledgment that it's not going straight into /dev/null
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > If I'm reading this right, my thermostat's "rush hours" seem
         | to be scheduled for gross load peak. They then seem to usually
         | end (and kick my AC back to a desired temp causing a ton of
         | usage) right around net load peak
         | 
         | Either you are not reading it right, or there is a problem with
         | your thermostat's demand response schedule, because the only
         | way demand response makes money (hence rewards for users) is by
         | reducing demand during net load peaks, because that completes
         | with the high marginal cost of fossil spinning reserves.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Demand response also targets gross load because (assuming the
           | renewables are not entirely rooftop solar) that electricity
           | still needs to be carried by wires to consumers.
           | 
           | Sizing transmission for the absolute yearly peak is not cost
           | effective, so various schemes are used to reduce that peak,
           | including efficiency improvements and demand response.
           | 
           | This is entirely separate from questions of renewable cost
           | and carbon and pollution and makes economic sense even on
           | 100% fossil grids.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > Sizing transmission for the absolute yearly peak is not
             | cost effective, so various schemes are used to reduce that
             | peak, including efficiency improvements and demand
             | response.
             | 
             | Nonetheless, voluntary curtailment of demand by consumers
             | (for any objective) must be compensated, right? And
             | generally speaking, demand response curtailment (especially
             | on shorter notice) is compensated at a higher rate than
             | peak energy rates (4x in my area). It shouldn't be the case
             | that one spends more money by participating in a demand
             | response program that not participating, which is what the
             | OP implied.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | In my experience these programs are terrible in Texas, which is
         | surprising given how advanced the data and services around the
         | grid are there.
         | 
         | I briefly tried out the thermostat program and it was honestly
         | trash. It was near impossible to unsubscribe too.
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | What is triggering the battery discharge? I assume these are
       | referring to decentralized battery storage in people's homes.
        
         | mechagodzilla wrote:
         | Texas has quite a bit of utility-scale commercial batteries
         | now.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | It is the largest market for utility scale storage in the US
           | at the moment, rivaling California.
        
             | patmorgan23 wrote:
             | We have lots of variable production (wind and solar) and
             | those peaks don't line up with peak load (generation peaks
             | in the morning and peak load is noon-8pm). So utility scale
             | batteries to capture the morning excess and discharge in
             | the afternoon makes perfect sense.
        
           | powerbroker wrote:
           | Unfortunately it these batteries are unable to multiple
           | gigawatts over many hours of excess wind energy. It will be
           | at least a decade before the battery energy storage systems
           | are close to big enough to absorb the oversupply of wind
           | energy that happens a few times a week.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong. The BESS helps with frequency,
           | synchronization and voltage issues. They just do very little
           | to flatten the wind spikes without turning off 10-20% of the
           | wind fleet.
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | It's not necessary that the batteries absorb all the
             | oversupply. Curtailment will always be part of an efficient
             | renewables energy system.
             | 
             | The batteries are there to make sure that the prices don't
             | go crazy on the evening.
        
         | sounds wrote:
         | Summarizing from the article, this link [1] shows that there
         | were more sources of generation that ERCOT didn't ask to come
         | online. Specifically, all the capacity that could come online
         | with 5 minutes was online except for a tiny 130 MW of
         | generation.
         | 
         | [1] https://blog.gridstatus.io/content/images/2024/08/ERCOT-
         | Reca...
         | 
         | Instead of calling for something that needed more than 5
         | minutes, ERCOT relied on all the batteries on the grid. I don't
         | know what this quote means:
         | 
         | > 2,000 MW of extra capacity released from ECRS.
         | 
         | But I do know what this means:
         | 
         | > battery discharge peaked 20% higher than the previous record,
         | which was set only the day before.
         | 
         | It's referencing this graph: [2]
         | 
         | [2] https://blog.gridstatus.io/content/images/2024/08/ERCOT-
         | Reca...
         | 
         | The graph has units of Megawatts. In other words, the thing
         | that was record setting about the batteries was not the
         | Megawatt-hours, or total storage in battery systems.
         | 
         | What set the record was the instantaneous power usage, and
         | apparently the batteries in Texas were at their hottest ever.
         | (No idea if anything caught on fire though!)
         | 
         | Here are some more assumptions I am reading into this:
         | 
         | * The 130 MW that didn't come online may have been rotated
         | around. Maybe all the generation jumped in at different times,
         | guided by supply and demand, but ERCOT regulations likely
         | played a role in keeping the existing systems from exceeding
         | the demand or blowing up transmission lines, etc.
         | 
         | * The article says "Solar and Demand Were High Throughout the
         | Day" but I assume that simply means that over time, more and
         | more solar will be installed and more businesses and cities are
         | becoming aware of https://www.ercot.com/services/programs/load
         | (Demand Response). It means they can get cheaper electricity at
         | night for instance, so they run their power-hungry machines
         | when the prices are low.
         | 
         | * Never underestimate the power of Nature. Probably the daytime
         | temps in Texas right now drove the high solar production and
         | high demand. High temps usually mean clear, sunny days and
         | everyone huddling near an air con.
        
           | scrlk wrote:
           | > I don't know what this quote means:
           | 
           | >> 2,000 MW of extra capacity released from ECRS.
           | 
           | ECRS = ERCOT Contingency Reserve Service.
           | 
           | Contingency reserve services are used to maintain system
           | reliability during unforeseen events. Think of power plants
           | that can quickly ramp up generation, or other assets that can
           | quickly reduce their demand.
           | 
           | In this case, ERCOT tapped 2,000 MW of capacity from ECRS.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > Probably the daytime temps in Texas right now drove the
           | high solar production and high demand.
           | 
           | Probably?
           | 
           | > High temps usually mean clear, sunny days and everyone
           | huddling near an air con.
           | 
           | Or all of those mandatory RTO forcing large open spaced
           | cubicle farms to run AC in a building made of glass. Not sure
           | of the image you have in your head being the reverse of
           | homeless huddled around a barrel fire.
        
             | jhayward wrote:
             | RTO is actually energy positive from a heating/cooling
             | point of view (i.e., excluding transportation). People set
             | their home HVAC to "away" to reduce use, and the central
             | HVAC systems found in commercial buildings are far more
             | efficient than home systems.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | Higher temperatures mean less efficient panels. The best
             | day for solar is very bright and very cold.
        
         | maxmcd wrote:
         | afaik there are no residential loads in emergency response
         | programs in Texas
         | 
         | ECRS is a program run by ERCOT, they trigger the battery
         | discharge directly, or in some situations the resources might
         | respond to an under-frequency relay.
        
       | MBCook wrote:
       | So the day peaked at 85 GW of load, and they got down to only 130
       | MW of spare capacity. Just 0.15% from running out.
       | 
       | And they never asked for conservation?
       | 
       | Is it normal to go that close to the edge without trying to cut
       | load?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I was just chatting with a friend on how we haven't received
         | the conservation emails like we have in previous years. This
         | year has not been as extreme either as the DFW metroplex has
         | not had the extended 100deg+ days. We've just had a run of 3 or
         | 4, but we've had 30+ consecutive days in the past.
        
           | justanorherhack wrote:
           | Last year was brutal, this year is great.
        
             | nvahalik wrote:
             | Indeed. We still had grass at the end of July.
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | I'm not in Texas but that matches my local weather as well.
             | Lots of 90s, a few around 100, but not the sustained 100+
             | for weeks we had last year.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Sounds like Stockholm Syndrome to me my friend. I would not
             | define this heat as great; more like just this side of
             | deadly.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | No, this summer is objectively one of the best we've had
               | in a long time, at least in Austin. The fact that we've
               | only had a few days above 105 is a blessing.
               | 
               | I mean, it's Texas - it's always blazing hot at the end
               | of August, and that's to be expected. What's really
               | changed over the past 25-50 years is that the plus 100
               | days have been starting earlier and earlier, and we've
               | been having more of them. Thankfully, that wasn't the
               | case this year.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Again, that is far from the definition of "great". I
               | would say fortunate to not have those string of triple
               | digits, but man, it's not great at all. 100deg+ is still
               | miserable, but it's amazing how different 98deg feels
               | from 105deg. I get Texas hyperbole, but even my feet are
               | firmly planted in reality to not accept "great" in this
               | meaning. Bless your heart! ;-)
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | I think I prefer 100+ degree heat to -40. Where I live we
               | often get both in the same year (though we didn't hit 100
               | this particular summer).
               | 
               | At least with the heat, you aren't worrying that your
               | plumbing might freeze and burst a pipe in your walls if
               | the power goes out.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | Bless your heart for trying to be so witty but in fact
               | coming off foolish.
               | 
               | Texas is simply hot and has been for our timelines. You
               | could make the same silly comments about locations that
               | have long and cold winters. Texas is hot we get it, you
               | don't like it but it does not change that this summer has
               | been great, it is a lot cooler than usual.
               | 
               | ;-)
        
               | herewego wrote:
               | He's saying Texas is hot for humans, which is objectively
               | true. One's willingness to tolerate it is subjective, but
               | that's not the point here. Don't take it so personally.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | Why are you taking it so personally, I was simply
               | responding to snark with snark.
        
           | dayjah wrote:
           | Austin here, we're enrolled in a conservation plan through
           | Austin Energy whereby they control our smart thermostats
           | (Nest in our case). These "Rush Hour" notices have been
           | firing a lot over the past two weeks; perhaps only two days
           | where we haven't been asked to conserve somewhere between 3-6
           | hours a day.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | Are you sure? I just looked and there was a Rush Hour for
             | Friday, Monday, Tuesday, and today. The last one before
             | that was Aug 8. O16 days total this summer, the first being
             | June 13.
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | Last year was an extraordinarily long and hot summer.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | The year before was worse to me, but followed by another
             | one just as bad it just made it feel worse. I don't
             | remember '23 being as humid as '22, but maybe that's just
             | faulty memory shorting out from the humidity???
        
         | username135 wrote:
         | Thats how they edge in Tx
        
         | maxmcd wrote:
         | The 2 GW of ECRS capacity does include Demand Response
         | resources that are reducing their load to provide the capacity.
         | 
         | I imagine the other ERCOT demand response programs were also
         | dispatched.
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | This is a state that should basically be peppered with
         | residential rooftop solar.
         | 
         | Of course, there's zero chance of any sort of state
         | governmental policy to help incentivize it in deep red state
         | land.
         | 
         | But if recent history has shown anything, I would consider it a
         | primary feature of any home in Texas to be relatively grid
         | independent with its own generating capacity and storage.
        
           | strivingtobe wrote:
           | Texas has a lot of incentives for residential solar. I'm not
           | sure where you live, but in my DFW suburb, my neighborhood
           | _is_ peppered in rooftop solar.
           | 
           | https://www.gosolartexas.org/available-incentives
           | 
           | A lot of the incentives are from local power companies like
           | Oncor, but one notable state-wide incentive is that solar
           | installations are exempt from property tax by state law.
           | 
           | I dunno why people act like Texas is staunchly anti-
           | renewable. TX state politicians have said some goofy stuff
           | about "windmills freezing over", but overall Texans are
           | extremely pro-wind and pro-solar. It's a huge economic driver
           | for a large part of the state, and it's seen as an overall
           | part of Texas's strong energy industry, complimentary to oil
           | rather than as a competitor to it. George Bush and Rick Perry
           | were both Republican governors but both were _very_ pro-
           | renewable and oversaw massive booms in wind energy
           | especially. In 2005 Texas (including Perry at the time)
           | passed a law to invest billions of state dollars into
           | building transmission lines specifically to make it feasible
           | for renewable energy generation in west Texas to bring power
           | to the populated areas in the east, which is attributed to
           | the massive wind boom. Abbot, on the other hand, has sadly
           | not been very pro-renewable, but much of the state still is.
        
             | Salgat wrote:
             | Here just north of Austin, PEC implemented one of the most
             | regressive solar programs in the country. Their argument in
             | their study was that they make less money off solar since
             | they can't sell as much power.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | Regressive in what manner? Historically a lot of solar
               | buy-back programs were incredibly inflated. Residential
               | solar can be great for the resident but is usually not
               | great for the grid. Paying resi. solar producers greater
               | than market rates always felt foolish to me.
        
               | herewego wrote:
               | Regressive in that solar programs are not inflated, but
               | do require distribution upgrades to realize their
               | efficiency advantages over centralized power
               | transmission. These distribution upgrades are costly to
               | IOUs because they cut into their margins when the
               | efficiency of distributed generation is considered.
               | 
               | Paying distributed generation export at retail rates or
               | higher (DR, etc) makes plenty of sense because there are
               | significant load, resiliency, and efficiency advantages
               | to homeowners who are supposed to be the ones to benefit
               | most from the grid.
        
           | internet101010 wrote:
           | I don't know anything about durability of solar panels but it
           | should be known that in Texas there is always expectation of
           | annual hail damage to roofs.
        
             | antonkochubey wrote:
             | Replacing solar panels is cheaper and easier than replacing
             | roof tiles, so you can even use solar panels as hail
             | protection for your roof :^) (I'm half-serious, ofc)
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | Please don't bring red or blue into the argument. Texas is
           | indeed peppered with residential solar, it can make real
           | economic sense for the homeowner. Of course you probably
           | won't see the inflated solar programs that California created
           | back in the day but they also have largely pulled back on
           | those as they don't help the grid and can become quite costly
           | to buy back at inflated rates. In my experience the best you
           | will get in Texas is close to ercot market rates, so not
           | much. On the other hand that can make on-site storage more
           | economically attractive.
        
         | asciimov wrote:
         | Here in San Antonio (CPS is our sole provider) we get emails
         | asking us to reduce our use during peak hours on high demand
         | days like today.
         | 
         | Not sure how well it works, but they send out another email
         | letting us know how we did compared to similarly sized houses
         | in my area.
         | 
         | If demand goes over the edge, they will start doing rolling
         | black outs.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | "A message from CPS Energy"
           | 
           | I haven't paid much attention to them. Perhaps they should
           | put a threat level code in the subject line.
           | 
           | Green = Go about your day
           | 
           | Yellow = Don't use your big appliances or hot water as much
           | 
           | Orange = Yellow, plus turn the thermostat to 80 and keep the
           | doors closed
           | 
           | Red = Bitcoin mines offline. All buildings shut down
           | ancillary consumption. A/C in common spaces set to 85.
           | Prepare to roll blackouts.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | > Red = Bitcoin mines offline.
             | 
             | We're at a point in time where I can't even tell if this is
             | a joke or not.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | https://www.tpr.org/news/2024-01-03/texan-bitcoin-miners-
               | pro...
               | 
               | it's a thing.
        
         | strivingtobe wrote:
         | No. The 130 MW remaining capacity was the amount available "in
         | SCED within 5 minutes", which in super simplified terms means
         | "the amount of energy available quickly and economically".
         | 
         | The grid actually had ~4 GW spare capacity (according to the
         | graph) if it was needed, but it wasn't part of SCED.
        
           | MBCook wrote:
           | But if you can't get more in under 5m, then if the demand
           | goes up that much in under 5m you hit the point of load
           | shedding to protect the grid right?
           | 
           | The graph showed it increasing fast just before. Is it so
           | unthinkable it could jump again?
           | 
           | Or is that they could get more (non-SCED) in time, it would
           | just cost a ton so it's avoided if at all possible?
        
             | strivingtobe wrote:
             | My understanding is that it's the latter. "in SCED"
             | basically means they have pre-planned availability that is
             | cheap.
             | 
             | The "Physical Response Capacity" in that graph is the
             | amount of capacity actually available, but it's not part of
             | SCED. However it doesn't say anything about the timeframe
             | it would be available in. Given that ERCOT didn't call for
             | conservation, I would have to assume it was capacity that
             | was "quickly available, but not cheap" rather than "not
             | quickly available", but I don't know for sure.
        
               | chardz wrote:
               | Being in SCED just means that the resource bid into the
               | real time energy market (which clears every 5 mins), it
               | does not necessarily mean that the resource is cheap to
               | dispatch. The confusion here might be caused by the
               | differences of the ancillary market (PRC) and the energy
               | market (SCED).
               | 
               | Your second paragraph may be answered by this: https://ww
               | w.ercot.com/gridmktinfo/dashboards/gridconditions. PRC
               | units are available in real time, immediately on request.
        
         | esaym wrote:
         | Not sure where they are getting all the numbers, but 85GW is no
         | where near the "max":
         | https://www.ercot.com/gridmktinfo/dashboards/supplyanddemand
        
         | miguelazo wrote:
         | If they ask their customers to conserve, they can't rant about
         | California "running out of electricity because EVs" anymore.
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > And they never asked for conservation?
         | 
         | Uncompensated demand curtailment is such a scam. Just pay
         | people to curtail demand.
        
       | baldeagle wrote:
       | What I want to know is how much we spent kicking crypto miners
       | off the grid for a couple hours.
        
         | pstrateman wrote:
         | Paying people to stop consuming is just an accounting
         | replacement for interruptible power.
         | 
         | The net effect is more power generation available, not less.
        
         | Quindecillion wrote:
         | They provide a legitimate demand response service i.e. when the
         | grid is generating excess energy that there's no other demand
         | for, Bitcoin miners buy what no one else wants/needs.
         | 
         | Buyers of first and last resort.
        
           | Salgat wrote:
           | Texas has a lot of gas plants (51%) that we want to idle when
           | possible. Just because it's cheaper power doesn't mean we
           | should be generating it when the only customer is
           | cryptocoins.
        
             | chgs wrote:
             | If the cost of gas isn't covering the actual impact then
             | the cost should be higher, doesn't matter if the kWh is
             | used by a bitcoin miner or someone with their AC at 70,
             | it's still the same externality.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | Thank God Texas generates power from unlimited resources. In
           | my place, the more we generate and consume, the less we have
           | left for the future. In Texas, the plants have to generate as
           | much as possible for some reason !
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | Do miners run in Texas?
        
           | Nursie wrote:
           | Yes, and there's a fair amount of controversy over it,
           | particularly the noise levels -
           | https://time.com/6982015/bitcoin-mining-texas-health/
           | 
           | And the fact that in some time periods it seems the miners
           | made more money from downscaling energy demand during peak
           | loads than they did from mining activities.
           | 
           | Plus residents in some areas are up in arms that these
           | companies got a variety of tax exemptions and sweetheart
           | deals, jobs never materialised (because how many people do
           | you need?), and what they seem to get in return is more
           | expensive power bills.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | They were. https://earthjustice.org/feature/cryptocurrency-
           | mining-texas
           | 
           | Though the data centers are pivoting to AI.
           | https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/18/bye-bye-bitcoin-hello-ai-
           | tex...
           | 
           | Though it's still significant.
           | https://www.texastribune.org/2024/07/10/texas-bitcoin-
           | mine-n...
           | 
           | The Real-World Costs of the Digital Race for Bitcoin -
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/09/business/bitcoin-
           | mining-e... ( Published April 9, 2023; Updated Jan. 3, 2024
           | ). It's a well done presentation.
           | 
           | And they are shocked that this is driving up electrical
           | prices. https://x.com/LtGovTX/status/1800968003636408657
           | (June 12th, 2024)
           | 
           | > ERCOT CEO Pablo Vegas and others gave shocking testimony
           | today in the Senate Committee on Business & Commerce that
           | within only six years (that's only three legislative
           | sessions), our power grid needs will grow from about 85,000
           | to 150,000 megawatts. That is much higher than the 110,000
           | megawatts they previously projected. The 110,000 megawatts
           | was already a big increase, which is why the Senate pushed
           | our incentive plan to build more dispatchable power last
           | session. 150,000 megawatts is almost double the megawatts we
           | now have on the grid.
           | 
           | > Later testimony said the growth is due to the increases in
           | population, normal business growth, and Artificial
           | Intelligence (AI). However, crypto miners and data centers
           | will be responsible for over 50% of the added growth. We need
           | to take a close look at those two industries. They produce
           | very few jobs compared to the incredible demands they place
           | on our grid. Crypto mining may actually make more money
           | selling electricity back to the grid than from their crypto
           | mining operations.
           | 
           | > Texans will ultimately pay the price. I'm more interested
           | in building the grid to service customers in their homes,
           | apartments, and normal businesses and keeping costs as low as
           | possible for them instead of for very niche industries that
           | have massive power demands and produce few jobs. We want data
           | centers, but it can't be the Wild Wild West of data centers
           | and crypto miners crashing our grid and turning the lights
           | off.
           | 
           | > The Senators asked why this had not been disclosed before
           | today. #txlege
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | The theory is/was that Texas grid works "best" (the market
           | runs most efficiently) when its running at the most capacity
           | (everyone with something that can generate power is making
           | money - this is better than conserving and asking polluting
           | or less efficent sources to spin down when the demand isn't
           | there ... in theory) with the ability to have things that
           | can't pay for the increased price (in theory, that was
           | supposed to be crypto) scale back their use when other demand
           | goes up.
        
       | mjevans wrote:
       | They should 'ask'.
       | 
       | After background thought for an hour, they should ask. Their load
       | projections and needs should be fed out to the network somehow,
       | and it should be opt in for the customer to help support the
       | projected load shaping IF they desire and can. It should never be
       | forced upon the customers.
       | 
       | The incentives and potential for abuse of the billing provider to
       | provide data that negatively shapes the customer's use into more
       | expensive use is an issue that should be avoided.
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | Isn't that pretty much how it works? Projections and needs are
         | shared, when it starts to get tight, requests for conservation
         | go out which are opt-in.
         | 
         | https://www.ercot.com/gridmktinfo/dashboards
        
       | thesis wrote:
       | Texas has these free electricity nights. Anyone know of a battery
       | system that can fill the batteries at night (from the grid) and
       | use them during the day? And then recharge at night again. Due to
       | location solar isn't an option but still interested in batteries
       | due to free nights.
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | Tesla power wall?
         | 
         | No batteries I know of will make economical sense though.
         | Batteries are expensive, wear down and/or require maintenance.
         | After x years / cycles your batteries will be dead and will
         | need to be replaced.
         | 
         | Storing your "free" energy in a battery will end up costing
         | more than just buying the energy when you need it.
         | 
         | Expensive energy storage is a big part of the reason why
         | "green" energy countries like Germany have some of the highest
         | energy prices in the world. And also some of the highest CO2
         | emissions per kWh in the EU (they need coal and gas powered
         | plants as backups for when there's no wind and solar, because
         | batteries don't make economical sense).
        
           | ziga wrote:
           | I agree about home batteries being too expensive, hopefully
           | prices will come down with scale.
           | 
           | But the part about battery degradation is not true. Tesla
           | Powerwall has a 10 year warranty[1] with 70% capacity
           | retention. This means that Tesla has data showing that the
           | battery will have higher capacity than 70% after those years.
           | That's a lot of cycles and a lot of renewable energy that the
           | battery will provide in its lifetime.
           | 
           | [1] https://energylibrary.tesla.com/docs/Public/EnergyStorage
           | /Po...
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | There's a reason why Tesla picks 10 years (8 years for car
             | batteries) as a warranty period. Ask yourself: why 8 years
             | and not 10 for cars? Why 10 years and not 15 or 20 years
             | for home batteries? It's not arbitrary.
             | 
             | Battery degradation is not linear. It's not like: 10 years
             | = 70%, 20 years = 40%. It's probably closer to 20 years =
             | 20 % capacity left. The decay becomes exponential-like
             | after a relatively linear period of roughly 10 years.
             | 
             | If you want to get an idea, this is what the decay of
             | battery capacity roughly looks like:
             | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simon-Montoya-
             | Bedoya-2/...
             | 
             | The Tesla warranty will fall under "first life" in the
             | image in the link above.
             | 
             | So batteries (even Tesla Powerwalls) do degrade and do
             | degrade to the point where you need to replace them a bunch
             | of times during lifetime of a house.
        
               | LUmBULtERA wrote:
               | Tesla and other car makers set their warranties at the
               | mandatory minimums. Why would they offer more when they
               | don't have to and consumers find them long enough and/or
               | other car makers aren't competing on warranty length?
               | That doesn't tell you anything about battery longevity.
               | 
               | Edit: Does my MacBook Pro die after 1 year when it's
               | applecare warranty is over?
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | The mandatory minimums? Got a source of the mandatory
               | minimum for cars (US and/or EU) as well as power walls?
               | 
               | The fact that other car makers aren't competing on
               | warranty length seems to me to prove my point, but you
               | seem to think it doesn't? What I mean is: if battery
               | degradation for cars isn't that bad after 8 years, then
               | why are other brands not offering significantly longer
               | warranties to compete with the Tesla one? Not sure about
               | the competition argument anyway, since Tesla didn't have
               | any competition initially and arguably still doesn't have
               | real competition (depending on what features of the car
               | you value most).
               | 
               | Edit: Does my MacBook Pro die after 1 year when it's
               | applecare warranty is over? --> Pretty close yes IMO. My
               | personal experience is that my laptop and phone battery
               | capacities degrade very fast after 1 year and need to be
               | replace after about 2 years, 3 years if you really really
               | push it and are OK with constantly charging.
        
               | LUmBULtERA wrote:
               | Interesting, it seems to be a statement that's spread
               | around, but the sources do seem to be lacking, e.g., http
               | s://www.reddit.com/r/electricvehicles/comments/vp2e7p/us.
               | ..
               | 
               | RE: MacBook Pro dying close to a year right after it's
               | warranty it over --> well now you're just trolling. My
               | iPhone 15 pro battery still maintains 100% battery health
               | a year after its manufacturing date. It obviously won't
               | need replacing in 1-2 more years even if I "really really
               | push it and are OK with constantly charging". I used an
               | iPhone XS until last year after it was about 5 years old,
               | 5x longer than your supposed device-dead date. I don't
               | think this is unusual.
        
           | geysersam wrote:
           | > "green" energy countries like Germany
           | 
           | Not sure why you consider them to be "green" given the facts
           | you brought up. Germany has never been particularly green
           | energy wise. It's a big population and lots of heavy industry
           | with relatively little energy resources like hydro.
           | 
           | The are building solar and wind quickly now. Maybe that's why
           | you got the impression that they are "green".
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | The reason I wrote "green" is because, Germany actively
             | hypes itself up as being very green and many people believe
             | them because they have such a vast amount of solar and wind
             | installed.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Germany's energy policy is one huge cognitive dissonance
               | at best, gross mismanagement in the base case and a
               | three-decade-long foreign intelligence job at worst.
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | I completely agree. Keyword: Gerard Schroder for those
               | who are curious about "three-decade-long foreign
               | intelligence job".
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | For all the criticism Germany's energy policies get on
               | HN, they're still approximately as "green" as Texas, and
               | better than several other US states.
               | 
               | Set https://app.electricitymaps.com/ to the yearly view
               | and see the CO2 figures.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Germany is still very much captured by its coal lobby. The
             | extent to which they are green is that they have a fairly
             | vocal green party .. with 14% of the vote.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens
             | 
             | (This is incomprehensible to Anglosphere FPTP two-party
             | systems)
        
           | guerby wrote:
           | LFP cells prices for direct sale to consumer are about 70
           | EUR/kWh right now. With 5000 cycles that's 1.4 EUR cent per
           | kWh cycled out of the battery, so it fully makes economical
           | sense in all electricity markets.
           | 
           | Fully integrated consumer battery prices haven't (yet)
           | followed the decline in cell price, probably because there's
           | lot of demand for this kind of product.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | Yes, that's correct and confirms what I just wrote.
             | 
             | Dutch example: 0,12 EUR / kWh assuming 5000 cycles with 0
             | degradation. Example source:
             | https://www.otovo.nl/blog/kennisbank/lfp-batterijen/
             | 
             | The real number is likely still significantly higher than
             | 0,12 EUR / kWh due to battery capacity (and charge
             | discharge efficiency) going down due to wear over time.
             | 
             | It does look like when the price of integrated storage
             | products goes down more, it could become interesting for
             | countries who have had very expensive energy policies
             | (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands etc).
        
               | guerby wrote:
               | Your computation is off: it's 0.014 EUR/kWh, ten time
               | less and far below kWh market prices about everyhere in
               | the world.
               | 
               | As for cycling the industry standard is give the number
               | of cycles to 80% capacity remaining so the battery is far
               | from dead at 5000 cycles. The simple division I used is
               | conservative.
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | No, it's not. From the link I posted (in Dutch
               | unfortunately, I'll translate the relevant bit):
               | 
               | Small integrated battery:                   3.5 kWh
               | Starting at about EUR 2.100,-
               | 
               | You yourself indicated in your post that integrated
               | batteries (as in: the ones with battery management, that
               | you can actually use to store energy in as opposed to a
               | bunch of lose cells) are more expensive. They are more
               | expensive indeed. I did the calculation. They boil down
               | to 0,12 EUR / kWh in the example above.
               | 
               | The price of cells is not directly relevant, since you
               | can't actually buy cells and just throw them at your
               | house to magically start charging/discharging when you
               | desire.
        
               | guerby wrote:
               | Well I bought cells a few years ago and use them with the
               | necessary components, and those don't multiply the system
               | price by ten.
               | 
               | BTW because I'm lazy to expand my system I just ordered
               | 14 kWh of fully packaged LFP battery (box, BMS, cells,
               | breaker) for $1800, $130/kWh, $0.026/kWh cycled.
        
         | te_chris wrote:
         | There's loads. Search for home battery storage. You don't need
         | Tesla.
        
         | standeven wrote:
         | Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is available in more and more EVs and
         | will allow for this.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | This is a bit like the joke about economists seeing money on
         | the ground and not picking it up because if it was there
         | someone would have already taken it, but:
         | 
         | Note how ridiculously fast the battery rollout in Texas and
         | California has been recently.
         | 
         | If you've not got some local regulation that stops early
         | adoptors from being left high and dry when the market changes,
         | then you're in head to head competition for that cheap
         | nighttime energy with big corporations building out grid scale
         | batteries.
        
         | baking wrote:
         | You would have to be able to store a significant portion of
         | your daily usage to make it worthwhile and that's before you
         | even consider the price of the batteries.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | Pretty interesting to see how this stuff is holding up. The
       | market is evolving rapidly currently with absolutely massive
       | amounts of wind, solar, and battery being deployed everywhere.
       | 
       | What's odd in Texas is that they are resisting the notion of
       | connecting to the rest of the US grid. This would allow them to
       | import power cheaply when they need to and export power when they
       | have too much of it. My guess is that they actually curtail a lot
       | of energy at this point because there's simply too much of it
       | most of the time.
       | 
       | A quick glance at the main page of gridstatus.io shows that right
       | now California and Texas are burning a lot of gas while there is
       | negative pricing due to wind delivering over capacity in the
       | states in between. They are literally paying people to consume
       | more power there while they are paying for huge amounts of gas to
       | be burnt in California and Texas. It's night time there of course
       | so, solar is out.
       | 
       | What's preventing states from doing the obvious thing here? The
       | mid west could be exporting power at a profit right now and
       | instead it has negative power. And California could not be
       | burning many tons of gas right now because there's a surplus of
       | power right next to it.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Connecting Texas to the rest of the grid would make the Texas
         | grid subject to federal grid regulations. Texans don't like
         | that.
        
           | guerby wrote:
           | They could do it with HVDC to "isolate" the two grids.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Apparently they have some for "import" of electricity.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | See:
               | https://www.ercot.com/gridmktinfo/dashboards/dctieflows
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Access Denied
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | works here.
        
           | bradknowles wrote:
           | Correction, the fat cats who own ERCOT don't like that.
           | 
           | Your regular run of the mill Texan may not care one way or
           | the other, most times. But if they get into a crunch where
           | their electric bills are much higher, I assure you that they
           | will care.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >the fat cats who own ERCOT don't like that.
             | 
             | And who are those? Wikipedia says:
             | 
             | >ERCOT is a membership-based 501(c)(4) nonprofit
             | corporation,[11][12] and its members include consumers,
             | electric cooperatives, generators, power marketers, retail
             | electric providers, investor-owned electric utilities
             | (transmission and distribution providers), and municipally
             | owned electric utilities.[13]
             | 
             | It's not "owned" by anyone.
        
               | herewego wrote:
               | You are uninformed. ERCOT is heavily influenced ("owned")
               | by Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) and market makers that
               | are profit seeking entities. This is true of all ISOs for
               | all intents and purposes. It is the primary reason why
               | the U.S. grid is slow to innovate/change, e.g.,
               | implementing distributed generation participation in
               | wholesale markets, etc.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | I don't believe grid connections are the obvious and easy
         | answer. That would assume those other grids do not have base
         | loads plants themself. There is a massive cost to starting and
         | stopping gas plants that you are also not accounting for. So
         | while yes, there are periods of negative prices, the cost to
         | run that plant 24/7 may be cheaper than turning it on and off
         | and not just cheaper in $ but cheaper in less resources being
         | used.
         | 
         | Negative pricing and "burning a lot of gas" are maybe not as
         | bad as you think. As more wind/solar get added to the
         | generation mix, there will be more peak times where prices may
         | become negative. The lens I have is this means there is
         | incentive for more storage to come on the grid to soak up those
         | events and then offload at peak demand times.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | > There is a massive cost to starting and stopping gas plants
           | that you are also not accounting for
           | 
           | It's my understanding that basically the entire point of gas
           | power plants is that they are very cheap to stop and start
           | (as opposed to e.g. coal or nuclear), at least, that's the
           | case in the UK - are these plants different in the US?
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | It's still expensive relative to batteries. If you think
             | about it, a steam turbine has a lot of water that needs to
             | be heated before you actually get any steam and a lot of
             | heavy, moving parts that need to start spinning. Once all
             | that is up and running it's fine and you just expend fuel
             | to maintain the steam pressure.
             | 
             | But this takes a while. And to heat things up faster, you
             | simply burn a massive amount of fuel; which is costly. And
             | until you generate steam, it's not actually generating any
             | power whatsoever.
             | 
             | Any thermal plant has this overhead that makes starting
             | them expensive and stopping them undesirable because the
             | shorter you run them, the more inefficient they get. You
             | amortize the startup cost over the runtime. The longer it
             | runs, the better it gets.
             | 
             | A battery provides power within milliseconds and it can
             | switch from charging to discharging on a moment's notice as
             | well. That's why batteries are displacing gas plants as
             | peaker plants in a lot of places.
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | Your understanding is mostly wrong then. Modern combined-
             | cycle turbines are more efficient but I would not call them
             | cheap to stop and start. You are still looking at a
             | 20-30min startup time and a similar cool-down period. So
             | yes designed to be able to shutdown I think the general
             | range is an on-time of 30-70% but I believe with those
             | ranges you get different efficiency curves. You get
             | increased wear, higher fuel cost and also need to predict
             | that demand will not spike. When prices dip below zero it
             | may be more cost effective to keep the plants online.
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | A gas power plant (specifically a peaker plant designed for
             | this) is still more expensive to start or stop than a
             | battery or hydro.
             | 
             | However, it is much more expensive to build the capacity
             | for batteries and you need to charge the batteries with
             | excess power that's available cheaply during surplus times.
             | 
             | The advantage of a peaker gas plant is you can build it big
             | and shovel fuel into it that you just brought over from
             | wherever. Many of them were built with the expectation that
             | they would not face competition from batteries, so the
             | economics of running them is getting bad. However they're
             | still important as a backup because you cannot depend
             | reliably on the batteries being charged.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Connecting your grid to other markets for the premise of
         | cheaper energy also puts you in a situation where you no longer
         | control your own destiny. My expectation is that the presumed
         | gains of some cheaper power don't balance the risk on
         | reliability and control.
         | 
         | I don't necessarily buy the argument but I am fairly certain
         | that a big chunk of it.
        
           | felbane wrote:
           | As someone who very nearly lost a family member due to the
           | state's complete inability to implement and enforce
           | preparedness regulations, and due to ERCOT's herculean effort
           | to do just barely not enough to keep the grid online...
           | respectfully, fuck that argument.
           | 
           | We live in a time where functional electric service is a
           | necessity for life. We also live in a time where extreme
           | weather patterns are getting more frequent and more intense.
           | 
           | The very least Texas could do is implement the equipment and
           | procedures necessary to enable importing power from the
           | national grid in an emergency. The cost to implement
           | interconnects at key locations is infinitesimal compared to
           | the costs incurred when there are systemic outages.
           | 
           | The "we can do it better ourselves" argument only works when
           | you don't repeatedly catastrophically fail at "doing it
           | better."
        
           | Rastonbury wrote:
           | Forgive my ignorance but doesn't connecting to other grid
           | allow them to buy energy when prices are low and still allow
           | them to generate their own when the national grid prices are
           | high? It would also allow them to sell excess no?
        
         | wiredfool wrote:
         | I recall from reading the blog, there are definitely issues in
         | Texas with grid capacity between the west where the bulk of the
         | solar is and the east where there is load, and people and other
         | grids. So grid interconnects to other grids wouldn't
         | necessarily be enough, you have to get the power to the
         | interconnect as well.
        
       | bilekas wrote:
       | I have to say, I don't understand very well these graphs, but
       | this sounds like a good thing, but is there any information
       | relative to other energy sources in TX ?
        
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