[HN Gopher] MIT leaders describe the experience of not renewing ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       MIT leaders describe the experience of not renewing Elsevier
       contract
        
       Author : nabla9
       Score  : 244 points
       Date   : 2024-08-20 19:27 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sparcopen.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sparcopen.org)
        
       | MarkusQ wrote:
       | Aaron Swartz would have liked some of those principles. This is a
       | small, "better late than never" step for most of us, but for
       | Aaron...it's more like "too little, too late."
        
         | jashper wrote:
         | My first thought as well
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Surely MIT made this move at least partially due to Aaron's
         | legacy. I hope and believe he'd be happy to see this.
        
       | seatac76 wrote:
       | Question: What is Elsevier's value proposition? Could that be
       | replicated by on open source offering?
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | The own the prestigious journal names, you can trivially do
         | what they do, but you lack the prestige.
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | Like Tetrahedron Letters, or the Journal of Organometallic
           | Chemistry?
        
             | azan_ wrote:
             | No, like Lancet or Cell.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | The bundle pricing is a problem, as is consolidation in
               | the publishing market. The fact that that there are so
               | few publishers nowadays really doesn't help with pricing.
               | Another example why antitrust enforcement is needed.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | It already is: arxiv.org.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | I wish arxiv.org would have a big "Booooo" banner for papers
           | without code.
        
             | slaymaker1907 wrote:
             | I don't think it's always necessary if the paper makes it
             | really clear how things were done. And just because the
             | code is available, it doesn't mean that it is actually
             | reproducible or comprehensible.
        
           | anticensor wrote:
           | Different roles. I could have agreed if you said, say, PLOS.
           | arXiv is a preprint repository, Elsevier publishes peer-
           | reviewed journals.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | The preprints on arxiv are read, and responded to, by
             | plenty of peers. The question was what _value_ Elsevier
             | adds; I think the primary _value_ added is just making
             | papers available to anyone who wants to read them. Arxiv
             | does that. (What 's more, it does it for _everyone_ , not
             | just academics--as a taxpayer I can go on arxiv and read
             | research that my tax money paid for. I can't do that with
             | Elsevier published journals.) Publication in journals at
             | this point is mainly resume padding and status signaling,
             | not an actual value add.
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | PLOS is open-access, as a taxpayer you can read world-
               | class peer-reviewed (more stringent than Elsevier
               | journals in fact) articles in your preferred field's
               | preferred issue.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | Are there any articles on PLOS that I can't find on
               | arxiv.org?
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | Network effect. "Everyone" subscribed to Elsevier, so if you
         | wanted your papers to get visibility and citations, you tried
         | to get it published in their journals.
         | 
         | They are a relic of a bygone era. They made sense when journals
         | were physical publications in the library. Elsevier was the
         | one-stop-shop for all of the major academic journals. But with
         | the internet, they make less sense and kept their position
         | through inertia and rent seeking behavior.
        
           | adelmotsjr wrote:
           | I think the issue is more than that though, because if the
           | physical aspect were only the barrier, they should have
           | disappeared by the time the Internet came along.
           | 
           | I think (and this is only my honest, outsider perspective)
           | that the issue is, and always was, about trust. As in: who is
           | this dude publishing this paper about high-energy particle
           | physics? I don't know him, so I don't trust him. But I do
           | know about Science, and Nature, and other Journals, so I'm
           | gonna use them. That's why Elsevier and Springer and other
           | publishers continued to exist.
           | 
           | Problem is, science isn't about trust. It's about knowledge,
           | and more importantly, _truth_. But how do get the truth?
           | Well, there 's witnesses, and evidence, and
           | Reproducibility(tm) of statements to produce facts. Y'know,
           | science itself. If we could somehow resolve the
           | reproducibility crisis of science, I think we would be one
           | step closer to ending the parasitic mono-duo-oligo-
           | whateverpoly of these publishers. Because then it would not
           | be about who I trust to move forward the science enterprise.
           | Instead it would be about facts themselves, and about
           | confirming, via evidence and reproducibility of these facts,
           | that would promote a piece of statement into knowledge. And
           | that is how science should always have been, since the very
           | beginning.
           | 
           | But the reproduction of experiments is a problem in itself,
           | that might be the cause of the 'relying-on-trust' issue.
           | Since not all experiments are a simple ./build-and-run.sh
           | script, and some involve a lot of money (think anything in
           | medicine, physics, geology, oceanography, and the list goes
           | on to [?]), it ends up being about someone that is reputable
           | and reliable that had money and did the experiment and
           | published in some journal that I know.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | Editing, typesetting and curating are expensive. Yes, authors
         | can do this and they contribute quite a bit, but it's not
         | enough to support the high quality documents produced by
         | Elsevier.
         | 
         | Yes, tex-savvy authors can do a pretty good job but it's just
         | not the same. That's one reason authors choose to pay the page
         | charges.
         | 
         | Curating is also surprisingly important. Sure, you can often
         | get some author to send you a free PDF from something written
         | 10-20 years ago. But it's also not uncommon for the author to
         | be very unresponsive. Maybe they left academia. Maybe they're
         | lazy. Who knows? But I know that I can't count on getting a
         | free PDF from any author.
        
           | datadrivenangel wrote:
           | Curation is not access. Curation is editorial, in terms of
           | having a journal issue contain a selection of available new
           | works and not every single thing posted.
        
           | azan_ wrote:
           | Do you know how expensive open access publications are? I
           | guarantee that editing, typesetting and curating could easily
           | be performed for fraction of that price (and it's easy to
           | prove it - just check how much Elsevier makes each year!).
           | Also keep in mind that most of editors - which are
           | responsible for curating - are not paid at all... And if you
           | mean "curating" as in providing access to pdfs, then there is
           | arxiv which does just that - for free.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | For institutions, it's that Elsevier gives access to some of
         | the papers their researchers need. The question is then how
         | Elsevier got the papers and I think there's a bunch of parts to
         | it.
         | 
         | Firstly, it can be by providing a good service. Before the war,
         | most papers were published by learned societies and such
         | societies tended to not be very good publishers - they would be
         | slow with long backlogs and unable to publish the volume of
         | papers scientists wanted published at the time. By providing a
         | faster service they could get papers.
         | 
         | Second it can be by offering a service at all. If you have a
         | Springer journal and an Elsevier journal for some field, they
         | can both get papers because researchers need to publish to
         | advance their careers and one journal will not be big enough
         | for all the papers in that field
         | 
         | Third can be from being a preferred choice by being
         | prestigious, which can matter even without impact factor
         | arithmetic - hiring committees made of peers can still know
         | which journals in the field are more prestigious / harder to be
         | published in, and take that into account when hiring. It's not
         | totally clear to me how to become prestigious. One way is by
         | inertia - if you were prestigious before you probably still
         | are. Something some publishers (Pergamon Press, but maybe
         | others too?) did was owning and dining prominent scientists to
         | get them to sign exclusive contracts to edit new journals.
         | Perhaps this association via the editorial board could improve
         | the journal's prestige or otherwise get desirable papers in.
         | 
         | It does seem true to me that scientific publishers used to
         | provide a pretty valuable service, and I think if one were in a
         | government looking at all the government money going to the
         | journals via universities, one might be able to feel that the
         | improvement to the rate of scientific exchange was worth it.
         | 
         | It feels that today, a lot of that value comes from various
         | kinds of inertia/lock-in: Elsevier has the papers and
         | scientists must publish in Elsevier journals to advance their
         | careers, which maintains the prestige of those journals and
         | means the publisher continues to have the papers.
        
       | arijun wrote:
       | What library are the researchers getting their access through
       | now? Are they saying the MIT library bought digital copies of all
       | those publications?
        
         | tony_cannistra wrote:
         | They are using a service called Article Galaxy, which is just a
         | proxy that pays for per-article access when individual users
         | request it. MIT Libraries get the bill from Article Galaxy.
         | 
         | The article states that MIT pays $300,000 annually for
         | individual request fees, far less than the prior contract
         | amount.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >They are using a service called Article Galaxy, which is
           | just a proxy that pays for per-article access when individual
           | users request it. MIT Libraries get the bill from Article
           | Galaxy.
           | 
           | I'm surprised services like these haven't been shut down yet.
           | IANAL, but what they're doing (ie. acting as a proxy between
           | end-users and the publishers) seems similar to what Aereo was
           | doing[1], which the supreme court ruled was copyright
           | infringement.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos.,
           | _In....
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | Your link is broken, should be:
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos.,
             | _....
             | 
             | You missed the final period
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | Your link is broken too - they didn't miss anything, HN
               | removes the final period. Solution is to %-escape it as
               | %2E for a working link:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos
               | .,_...
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Why would Article Galaxy be shut down? It makes it easier
             | for Elsevier's articles to generate revenue:
             | 
             | https://www.researchsolutions.com/
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | As other commenters have mentioned, MIT paying for
               | articles a la carte worked out cheaper than getting all-
               | access subscription from Elsevier. Presumably Elsevier
               | would want to stem this sales channel so institutions
               | would be forced to pay more.
        
               | outop wrote:
               | Large corporations use Article Galaxy to manage their
               | access to digital copies of journal articles. Such
               | organizations don't have a history of large libraries
               | which subscribe to every issue of a journal. Their
               | employees won't pay for access themselves. They can't
               | raise purchase orders which require multiple department
               | signoffs for a $25 paper. The corporations don't want to
               | pay hundreds of times for the same article, nor do they
               | want to infringe and face legal risks. So they need the
               | brokers to work the system for them.
               | 
               | Any individual publisher which restricted access via
               | these brokers would face a sudden loss of revenue and a
               | knock on effect to the prestige of their journals. If
               | they allowed some customers to use these services but not
               | others, the predatory nature of the model would stick out
               | a mile to institutes and regulators.
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | Article Galaxy contracts with publishers to allow them to
             | resell papers[1], they aren't depending on a shaky
             | interpretation of copyright law to resell digital goods.
             | Which makes it even easier for the big publishers to cut
             | them off, or raise their rates if enough universities try
             | to switch to pay-per-article.
             | 
             | [1]https://www.researchsolutions.com/about/publishers
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | z library
        
       | stackedinserter wrote:
       | US universities could create enough pressure on Elsevier to make
       | them seriously reconsider their practices.
        
         | 9question1 wrote:
         | Making Elsevier reconsider its practices is a self-defeating
         | goal. Pay-per-access research publishing should be driven out
         | of business. The majority of institutions funding the actual
         | research being done are publicly funded or receive large public
         | tax breaks, so the resulting research should be publicly
         | accessible, and the peer review process should be managed and
         | funded within a similar network of institutions, not by an
         | oligarchy of rent-seeking private entities.
        
         | treyd wrote:
         | Can universities just do a buy-out of Elsevier and wind it
         | down? Surely they really have the upper hand here.
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | > During negotiations with Elsevier in 2020, MIT presented its
       | principles to the publisher's representatives as the basis for
       | new contract negotiations. Once it was clear that the company
       | would not agree to advancing MIT's principles outlined in the
       | Framework (such as allowing all authors to retain their
       | copyright), the Libraries made the decision not to renew its
       | contract, effective that July.
       | 
       | > In 2022, Elsevier approached MIT with a request to re-engage in
       | contract discussions. This time, Bourg was joined by an MIT
       | contracts attorney in the negotiation, and once again, the
       | Libraries' asks were based on the MIT Framework for Publisher
       | Contracts. MIT requested an outlining of the goods and services
       | they would be paying for, some means of using the MIT contract to
       | advance equity in the scholarly communications system, and a
       | contract that allowed all MIT authors (including non-
       | corresponding authors) to have their articles openly available in
       | a repository without an embargo. However, the company returned to
       | MIT with its standard read and publish contract proposal, and MIT
       | once again decided to remain out of contract.
       | 
       | This is such a glorious example of disenshittify or die [0].
       | Elsevier keeps pretending it has the upper hand to force itself
       | on institutions, but the less institutions play their game, the
       | more obvious it becomes that nothing of value was lost.
       | 
       | [0] https://pluralistic.net/2024/08/17/hack-the-planet/#how-
       | abou...
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | Why not adopt the law school approach? Let the grad students
       | publish the journals.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | It's already the case that many of the people involved in
         | publishing an article are unpaid. Authors and peer reviewers
         | are not paid (indeed authors may have to pay for open access).
         | Editors are sometimes paid. There are professionals employed by
         | the publisher - copy editors, typesetters(?), etc - who are
         | compensated, though it is not clear they are providing that
         | much value.
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | These journals are like parasites onto the scientific enterprise
       | and ultimately tax payers dollars.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | You realize that every journal author has a choice, right? The
         | authors don't need to choose the journals. But they do. It's a
         | free market. And the fact that they choose the journals means
         | that the journals are offering something that the authors want.
         | 
         | But it's simpler to just demonize them.
        
           | bigfudge wrote:
           | In my view a free market cant include massive asymmetries of
           | power between actors. Individual authors face large costs for
           | not playing the game, and Elsevier and others have used their
           | market power to do everything they can to perpetuate a stupid
           | system of intellectual snobbery that keeps them incumbent.
           | Authors are in small part to blame, but mostly they are the
           | victims.
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | Asymmetry of power? Copyright gives each author absolute
             | power over their work. They don't need to work with any
             | formal publisher. LaTeX and the Internet make it easier
             | than ever. Nobody needs any of the publishers to get their
             | work out.
             | 
             | The reality is that the power asymmetry is the opposite.
             | 
             | What are these large costs for playing what game? Again,
             | this isn't formally controlled by the publishers at all.
             | The snobbery you imagine comes from the promotion and
             | hiring committees and Elsevier and the other publishers
             | aren't on those committees.
             | 
             | And you might ask why do the promotion and tenure
             | committees act with such imagined snobbery? They're all
             | experienced academics. It's not like the schools are
             | putting some randos on these committees. It's easily
             | possible for some of these committees to have 300
             | collective years of experience in the field. And so if
             | they're valuing some Elsevier journals more than a rando
             | PDF FTP site, well, I think we've got to respect their
             | opinion. Or are you saying they're just puppets and fools
             | of Elsevier?
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Most real problems in the world are coordination
               | problems, where one motivated/coordinated entity sits on
               | an essential "toll bridge", and the whole world can
               | theoretically just coordinate to route around them. But
               | because "everyone else in the world" is a huge number of
               | people with their own mixed up set of incentives, and the
               | solution doesn't work unless a critical mass coordinates
               | to do the same thing, this turns out to be really hard.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | > _They don 't need to work with any formal publisher.
               | LaTeX and the Internet make it easier than ever. Nobody
               | needs any of the publishers to get their work out._
               | 
               | That's not how academia works, though. It would be great
               | if it did, but it doesn't.
        
           | outop wrote:
           | Citation needed that it's a free market. It looks a lot like
           | a market where entrenched players have excessive power.
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | Citation? The constitution guarantees that the author
             | retains completely control over their work. That's what
             | copyright is all about.
             | 
             | And they don't need to work with any formal publisher at
             | all. Open source technology and the Internet makes it very
             | easy for anyone to distribute their own work for free. And
             | many do.
             | 
             | But for some reason people still want to pay the page fees.
             | I think this is a signal that most academics are getting
             | something for their money.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | Authors have to sign away all their rights when they want
               | to publish with those publishers.
        
               | donatzsky wrote:
               | According to the article, Elsevier demands that the
               | author signs over the copyright. So no, they don't retain
               | complete control.
        
               | calf wrote:
               | You are so confidently wrong it's embarrassing.
               | 
               | Any grad student--who does the grunt work in academia--
               | will tell you they would not be allowed to put up their
               | research online without their lab's permission. And grad
               | students sign a form that anything they say and write is
               | owned as IP by university anyways.
               | 
               | Please look into how the academic sausage is made before
               | spouting more misinformation as well as specious takes on
               | spherical-cow free market theories. Your comments are all
               | over this thread and I can't mentally unread them.
        
             | ahoka wrote:
             | Of course it's not free market.
        
           | fabian2k wrote:
           | No, they don't. Not unless you want to sabotage your own
           | career.
           | 
           | There is a limited set of journals for a specific area of
           | science, and you need to publish in the most reputable
           | journal possible. There is only a very limited choice here in
           | most cases.
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | So you're confirming that somehow the best publishers
             | somehow manage to provide something of value. The people
             | judging your career are the ones you're complaining about
             | and somehow they're choosing to respect a few publishers.
             | 
             | Instead of just imagining that Elsevier is somehow bad, you
             | might ask yourself why these committees respect their
             | journals so much. What are they doing that's right?
        
               | fabian2k wrote:
               | It's solely about prestige, and self-reinforcing.
        
           | azan_ wrote:
           | Most authors are rated based on the journals they publish in,
           | and the most prestigious journals are typically from
           | predatory publishers (Elsevier, Nature etc., yes I know that
           | predatory journal is typically used in other context).
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | > It's a free market.
           | 
           | Free market is not magic.
           | 
           | Do you want to learn how network effects combine with
           | coordination problem?
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | This is simply not true. Funding agencies, revieweds and
           | universities incentivize the researchers to publish in "high-
           | impact" journals.
           | 
           | If researchers weren't pushed by institutions to publish more
           | and more and in highly ranked journals things would be much
           | better.
           | 
           | The problem is nobody wants to do the move (researchers,
           | institutions, funding agencies), so publishers (Elsevier
           | isn't alone, ACS, Springer, Wiley, they all do that) increase
           | the prices as much as they can because nothing happened when
           | they did. And even now, as was shown by a comment above only
           | a tiny percentage of their clients take action...
        
           | zem wrote:
           | https://pluralistic.net/2024/08/16/the-public-sphere/#not-
           | th... talks about that
        
           | ilayn wrote:
           | You misspelled oligopoly. My guess from your comment is that
           | you don't have a handle on how academia works, which is
           | perfectly fine. You don't have to. But then don't hold such
           | strong opinions because what you wrote is not even wrong.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | They choose the journals because if they don't, their career
           | doesn't advance.
           | 
           | It's a classic collective-action problem: you need a large
           | portion of researchers to more or less simultaneously stop
           | doing it. Good luck with that.
           | 
           | The journal system/cartel is an effective oligopoly.
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | they're effectively cartels
        
           | PopePompus wrote:
           | Academia's Ticketmaster
        
           | hhs wrote:
           | Indeed, "data cartels"; if interested, there is a book that
           | talks about this in detail:
           | https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=33205
        
       | mlhpdx wrote:
       | > MIT presented its principles to the publisher's representatives
       | as the basis for new contract negotiations.
       | 
       | This is an incredibly important and powerful strategy, as a
       | customer or a vendor. When everything is negotiable, trouble
       | follows. The instant gratification of a "win" doesn't help move
       | an organization forward. Having and sticking to principles does,
       | with practical benefits. Trust grows and culture improves.
       | Consistency (in contracts, features, information, behavior)
       | builds.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | The effect on experienced negotiators is different:
         | 
         | Portraying it as a principle, a policy ('our policy is ...'),
         | an emotional issue, etc. are all just window dressings for what
         | they want, and everyone tries to portray their wants to be as
         | non-negotiable as possible in order to drive up the price they
         | can demand. One basic tactic is to act angry about your want;
         | some politicians love to do this one - it's a new outrage every
         | day.
         | 
         | Well I also can act angry and say something or anything is non-
         | negotiable, but the only question is, how much am I willing to
         | give up in order to get that result. Acting angry, saying 'it's
         | our policy' - I don't care about your internal policies; they
         | aren't laws and you can change them at any time; they are your
         | choices just like any other in a negotiation.
        
           | seb1204 wrote:
           | What the document is called in the end is secondary. The
           | important point in my opinion is that MIT sat together and
           | discussed and also wrote down what they want, how they want
           | it and likely (as an outcome of their discussion) also have
           | an understanding where there are areas to
           | negotiate/compromise on are. Or in other words, they prepared
           | themselves for the negotiations so they know when to be firm
           | or angry.
        
       | hyeonwho4 wrote:
       | The article mentioned that MIT saved 80%, and that they are
       | paying $300,000 to purchase on a per article basis. So their
       | previous contract with Elsevier was $1.5M annually. Elsevier's
       | net income is PS2.02 billion (2022)(Wikipedia). So the loss to
       | Elsevier from MIT is about 0.04% of net income. Which makes
       | sense: MIT is one of around 2000 universities worldwide. I hope
       | this catches on elsewhere, too.
        
         | DevX101 wrote:
         | They'll lose more. Many universities will follow. If it's good
         | enough for MIT...
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | Thr article says:                 This move saves MIT
         | approximately $2 million each year
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | Aren't the articles just going to get more expensive to make up
         | for this?
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Or perhaps lower quality.
        
             | salt4034 wrote:
             | Why lower quality? The money doesn't go to authors, editors
             | or peer-reviewers.
        
               | PopePompus wrote:
               | You're certainly right about authors and peer-reviewers,
               | but are you sure that editors don't get paid with some of
               | that money?
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | How do these numbers work out though? MIT probably isn't the
         | richest university there is, but I would expect it to be pretty
         | far up there. Even if all 2000 unis spent as much as MIT did,
         | it would only add up to roughly 80% of the profit -- and I
         | would expect most universities to have far less budget than
         | MIT. So is there a set of big whale universities who are paying
         | way more?
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Private companies doing any kind of scientific research also
           | have subscriptions. (A drug company for example.)
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | MIT is "tiny" by international standards. According their own
           | site they have less than 12,000 students.
           | 
           | The largest universities are distance learning organisations
           | and large groups of affilianted colleges or university
           | systems.
           | 
           | E.g. Indira Gandhi National Open University has an enrollment
           | of 7.1 _million_ students (distance learning) and National
           | University of Bangladesh about 2 million (affiliate
           | colleges). Iran 's Islamic Azad university system has ~1m.
           | 
           | The US also has a long list of much bigger
           | universities/university systems. E.g. SUNY, Cal State,
           | University of Phoenix, UC, UNC all have more than 200k
           | students each.
           | 
           | So I'd imagine MIT makes up far less than 1/2000th of the
           | student and staff population.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Daydream: MIT instructs its Tenure Committees to ignore any
       | articles published (by candidates for tenure) in Elsevier
       | journals.
        
         | dhosek wrote:
         | There is a move in academia towards omitting the names of
         | journals from CVs and a suggestion that perhaps hiring and
         | tenure committees should be given copies of a candidates five
         | best papers (without publication information) to use in
         | evaluating rather than just using a list of publications in
         | making decisions. It seems like a much more rational approach
         | to me.
        
       | ConradKilroy wrote:
       | Wonderful.
       | 
       | "Look at data about use, costs, and find allies across your
       | campus who care about issues of equity and openness," Bourg said.
       | "This is both the right thing to do in terms of our values with
       | public engagement and the right thing to do from an economic
       | point of view." - Chris Bourg, Director of Libraries at MIT.
        
       | mncharity wrote:
       | Some random bits of context.
       | 
       | This conflict goes back a long time. In the early 1990's, with
       | online journals just getting started, MIT was able to insist on
       | principles like "anyone physically in the library has full
       | access, even if they are not otherwise affiliated with MIT". A
       | couple of years later, power shifted, and Elsevier could "our
       | terms, take it or leave it". Then three decades, a human
       | generation, of Elsevier rent-seeking, and so many people working
       | towards Open Access, unbundling, google scholar, arXiv, sci-hub,
       | and so on. Societal change can be so very slow, nonmonotonic, and
       | profoundly discouraging. And yet here we are, making progress.
       | 
       | For anyone unfamiliar with "author [...] required to relinquish
       | copyright [...] generous reuse rights", journals would require
       | authors to completely sign over copyright, so authors' subsequent
       | other-than-fair-use usage of fragments would be a copyright
       | violation. Rarely enforced, but legally you'd have to obtain
       | permission. While some institutions sign contracts easily, and
       | struggle with the fallout later, MIT legal culture has been pain-
       | up-front careful with contracts. Which is sometimes painful. But
       | IIRC, we're today using X Windows instead of CMU's Andrew,
       | because MIT could say "sure!" while CMU was "sure, err,... we'll
       | get back to you... some mess to clean up first".
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Interesting recent history from Wikipedia:
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX)
       | 
       | 2019 UC system negotiations
       | 
       | On 28 February 2019, following long negotiations, the University
       | of California announced it would be terminating all subscriptions
       | with Elsevier. On 16 March 2021, following further negotiations
       | and significant changes including (i) universal open access to
       | University of California research and (ii) containing the
       | "excessively high costs" being charged by publishers, the
       | university renewed its subscription.
        
       | antoine-levitt wrote:
       | I'm willing to bet the actual reason the transition went so
       | smoothly and the library doesn't pay that much in per-article
       | fees is because everybody just used sci-hub.
        
         | PopePompus wrote:
         | But sci-hub stopped adding new articles years ago. It's
         | significantly less useful than it used to be.
        
           | calf wrote:
           | They did? Is there any alternative nowadays?
        
             | j_maffe wrote:
             | Annas-Archive, Nexus/Z-lib
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | I wonder how far California could go on its own in destroying the
       | journal cartels. They really are a parasitic racket, and I don't
       | think the average voter understand how bad it really is.
       | 
       | I feel like one basic ballot measure to the effect of "All state
       | funded research shall be released to the public domain, and all
       | prior contract terms to the contrary are hereby void" might be
       | enough to knock over the first domino, hopefully culminating in
       | it being made a federal regulation.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | would that be unconstitutional violation of ex post facto? I'm
         | not lawyer, so that question is one i don't know how to even
         | approach.
        
           | xbar wrote:
           | There are laws that make contract clauses
           | illegal/unenforceable. Think right to work.
        
         | levocardia wrote:
         | > "All state funded research shall be released to the public
         | domain, and all prior contract terms to the contrary are hereby
         | void"
         | 
         | That's already a requirement for a huge amount of research.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | >> I don't think the average voter understand how bad it really
         | is.
         | 
         | Unless you're in academia, you'd have no idea. I spent a few
         | years in academia while pursuing my Masters. Dropped out for
         | various reasons and never had any idea this was such a huge
         | thing - mainly because as a university student, you just always
         | had access.
         | 
         | I got a small glimpse when I got a job a few years later
         | working for a rather large legal publisher and how locked down
         | they kept all of their online materials for anybody outside of
         | academics. Its when I really understood there was a massive war
         | raging about access to this stuff and the publishers trying to
         | eek out every penny from granting access to materials and
         | research that _should have been_ just in the public domain. I
         | didn 't stay there long and had almost forgotten about all that
         | stuff until 2011 when it broke into the news cycle again.
         | 
         | You're 100% right, this should really be a much larger issue
         | and covered more regularly, it has massive implications on
         | research and copyrights. Remember how long the issues of
         | Napster and piracy have been in the media for so long (there
         | was just another HN topic this week), but this? Not much is
         | ever really talked about it - it just seems to linger in the
         | shadows, which is depressing.
        
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