[HN Gopher] NASA acknowledges it cannot quantify risk of Starlin...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NASA acknowledges it cannot quantify risk of Starliner propulsion
       issues
        
       Author : geerlingguy
       Score  : 285 points
       Date   : 2024-08-18 20:09 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | ndiddy wrote:
       | If anyone here's familiar with how these decisions are made, I'm
       | curious about why NASA says they need another week to choose
       | their path forward. Given that we're already over two months into
       | a week-long mission, what information don't they have that they
       | would have in another week?
        
         | alsodumb wrote:
         | They and their partners (Boeing) are running more tests as we
         | speak - probably expecting more data that could answer some
         | questions.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | Well, they said they would do more modelling. Since they've
         | definitely already done a pile of modelling, the remaining
         | modelling is probably running down a list of alternate
         | assumptions and approaches in whatever modelling system they've
         | been using. Most likely they've already gone ahead modeled out
         | all of their most likely and high confidence assumptions and
         | approaches. Likely the modelling results haven't quite
         | converged, leading them to be unsure.
         | 
         | In parallel, my pet theory is that NASA has probably already
         | made up its mind (astronauts are not going to return on
         | Starliner), and have been dragging this out mostly to make it
         | look like they aren't just going to throw their contractors
         | under the bus (even if they deserve it). Boeing has declared
         | cold feet over fixed cost contracts (in general, not just with
         | NASA), and I think NASA wants to keep the rest of the
         | contractor pool at least at ease that, okay maybe NASA might
         | start being stingier with the money and contracts, but they
         | aren't going just throw you under the bus when issues appear.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Modeling is irrelevant when you don't know the cause of the
           | failures or even have an idea. 5 thrusters failed and 4 came
           | back and apparently they don't know why in either case.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > or even have an idea.
             | 
             | They have an idea. "Tests of a similar control jet on the
             | ground suggested a Teflon seal in an internal valve could
             | swell at higher temperatures, restricting the flow of
             | propellant to the thruster." That is the idea they have and
             | they are checking if it matches with the measured signals /
             | explains the observations.
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | If they know what is/was wrong, they can model what happens
             | if the problem reoccurs even if they don't know why it
             | occurred, disappeared, or might reoccur.
             | 
             | But yeah, about the only thing more irritating than having
             | a problem occur for reasons you don't understand is having
             | it disappear for reasons you also don't understand.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | I think they're just being great manager-engineers just as
             | they should be. The root-ish cause so far determined is
             | Teflon seal soaking in rocket fuel and bulging,
             | constricting flow. Downstream it is creating improper
             | oxidizer/fuel ratio and excess heat at thrusters which is
             | triggering alarm and automatic shutdown. These were all
             | explained in plain and accessible English in NASA press
             | conferences and I've watched it online.
             | 
             | I'd been a space fan for long enough that I know "improper
             | O/F ratio" usually goes under a picture of a fireball or an
             | artist's impression file image. There were multiple
             | spacecrafts that at least blew off engines that way. The
             | JAXA SLIM mission just this January had it that way. The
             | fact that NASA/Boeing Starliner team keep triggering it and
             | getting away with it is probably technically magnificent.
             | 
             | With that prior knowledge, one way I can interpret those
             | corpospeak is "we aren't sure if we can continue to do that
             | and not finally kill the engines, or worse yet, turn
             | everything into a bomb with people inside or around". Many
             | are instead receiving "we technically know such and such
             | [unintelligible] but we aren't sure of anything and we have
             | no idea". That's a great demonstration of public relations
             | skills.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | They're running with the theory of it being the teflon
               | seals, but IIRC the problem is that it doesn't explain
               | why the thrusters appeared to be operating relatively
               | normally in a test at the station. The seal deformation
               | should be permanent, in which case the thrusters
               | shouldn't have recovered on their own, meaning that they
               | might not have caught the real issue.
               | 
               | That's what's making the risk difficult to quantify.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | > In parallel, my pet theory is that NASA has probably
           | already made up its mind (astronauts are not going to return
           | on Starliner), and have been dragging this out mostly to make
           | it look like they aren't just going to throw their
           | contractors under the bus (even if they deserve it).
           | 
           | The longer NASA pushes out a decision on what to do with
           | Starliner, the more it becomes likely that people within the
           | Biden administration don't want to go with the obvious choice
           | of bringing home the crew on a Crew Dragon, because they
           | don't want the resulting headlines shouting "Elon Musk
           | rescues astronauts from space".
        
             | thefourthchime wrote:
             | I hadn't thought of a political angle for this, but that
             | does make sense. Announcing "Elon saves NASA" certainly
             | helps the GOP more.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | It clearly helps SpaceX, Musk mostly indirectly, and GOP
               | not at all.
        
               | booi wrote:
               | Elon is the maga crowd's newest talking head so it helps
               | the GOP at least a little.
        
               | Covzire wrote:
               | Why does this kind of partisan bickering only ever go one
               | way on HN? Why does every decision have to be a careful
               | calculus when one political party instead of another
               | might get credit? Do people not realize how blatantly
               | biased and partisan they sound?
        
             | kcplate wrote:
             | It's my opinion that you have been unfairly downvoted on
             | this comment. This was a reasonable and astute analysis,
             | but I suspect peoples political allegiances and Musk
             | opinions create knee jerk downvote reactions on here. Your
             | comment is probably a casualty of that.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Dead austronauts would hurt Biden/Harris 10000x more.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | I think the likely delayed return in February is just
             | because NASA want to make this seem as routine as possible,
             | so will have them come back as part of a planned Dragon
             | trip rather than scrambling an unnecessary and expensive
             | unplanned one sooner that screams "rescue" and "we messed
             | up".
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | NASA is paying SpaceX something like $200 million per launch.
           | They won't want to do that unless they have to. And if they
           | did they still need to figure out what to do with Starliner.
           | If they pay SpaceX and then later manage to get Starliner to
           | work then that's a lot of money down the drain.
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | Dead astronauts are way more expensive.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | The cost isn't the issue here: the problem is you still
             | have to undock and dispose of the capsule without it
             | running back into the station.
        
             | detaro wrote:
             | The current outlined plan does not require an extra SpaceX
             | launch, so that argument doesn't make sense.
        
             | tonyhart7 wrote:
             | 200 millions usd for NASA is relatively small no ??? still
             | a lot of money yes but for space exploration project ????
             | probably more than enough people (taxpayer) happy to pay
             | that
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | At this point they are probably not going to succeed in
           | certification. It is a damage limitation exercise. They
           | can...
           | 
           | 1. Return uncrewed and burn up. Nasa complemented for its
           | caution.
           | 
           | 2. Return uncrewed successfully. Nasa complemented for
           | "excess of caution".
           | 
           | 3. Return crewed successfully. Major concern remains over the
           | craft. People continue to question the decision making for
           | years.
           | 
           | 4. Craft kills the crew.
           | 
           | Either way you are not getting a certified spacecraft out of
           | this.
           | 
           | Of course there is a further possibility that the departing
           | craft will cause risk or damage to the iss.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | What does this sort of modeling look like? I guess I kind of
           | naively assumed there were people gathering information on
           | the current state, collecting different ways to get the
           | astronauts back with detailed cost/benefit, quantification of
           | risk, etc. and then some executive was collecting this to
           | make a decision.
           | 
           | I mean I'm sure that's still happening to some degree but
           | this process of modeling sounds a lot more formal.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | I believe the article contains the answer to your question. It
         | says "engineers will attempt to model the behavior of the valve
         | with the bulging Teflon seal over the next week and its effects
         | on thruster performance."
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | >Given that we're already over two months into a week-long
         | mission, what information don't they have that they would have
         | in another week?
         | 
         | As an Ars commenter observed
         | <https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/08/nasa-acknowledges-
         | it-c...>, it is possible that the real issue isn't whether
         | Starliner is safe to return with humans. If that were the
         | question two months of debate are, as you said, by itself
         | enough to say "no". Return Wilmore and Williams on Crew Dragon.
         | Done.
         | 
         | The commenter posited that the real issue is that NASA does not
         | trust Boeing's software to undock Starliner autonomously. We
         | know that Wilmore had to take manual control on the way up
         | because of the thruster issues. NASA may fear that if thrusters
         | fail again, Starliner software may again not be able to handle
         | them, and the spacecraft might ram ISS. Thus, the agency wants
         | a human to be able to take over if necessary. * _That*_ is the
         | dilemma. This is something that I and others had mentioned over
         | the past couple of weeks, but the Ars commenter is I think the
         | first outside NASA to put it so starkly.
        
           | verzali wrote:
           | That comment confuses me slightly. NASA always has the
           | ability to take over the controls of a spacecraft operating
           | around the ISS, even remotely by command from the ISS itself.
           | The software should certainly be able to handle this.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Apparently not.[1] Although better sources for this are
             | needed.
             | 
             | [1] https://simpleflying.com/boeing-starliner-undocking-
             | software...
        
               | TMWNN wrote:
               | Eric Berger-- _Ars Technica_ reporter who wrote the
               | article SimpleFlying cited--initially reported that
               | Starliner needs a software update that will take four
               | weeks, and NASA (I believe Ken Bowersox) worded it in the
               | penultimate media event as reverting back to the 2022
               | software, but we now understand from context that in this
               | case that means reverting to the 2022 parameters; NASA
               | was very specific about the software itself not having
               | changed.
               | 
               | The SLS[1] stans (as Berger described on Twitter) are now
               | focusing on how parameter change != software update thus
               | Berger was wrong all along. It'd be one thing if said
               | changes took a day or two to do. But assuming that it is
               | the four weeks Berger reported, that absolutely means
               | that it is the same thing as "software needs
               | replacing"/"functionality was removed". To the client,
               | NASA in this case, it doesn't matter whether the weeks to
               | implement a new feature is (one week of uploading
               | parameters and three weeks to validate said parameters),
               | or (3.5 weeks of uploading new software and 0.5 weeks of
               | validating said new software). The end result is needing
               | four weeks.
               | 
               | [1] Space Launch System, intended to return the US to the
               | moon. Cost: $24 billion and rising fast
        
             | thanksgiving wrote:
             | I am not a lawyer or a rocket scientist but the fact that
             | at least ONE defect went undetected/unreported/mis
             | categorized/something at launch makes me think now
             | everything else that Boeing did here is suspect as well and
             | you can't take Boeing for its word at all anymore.
             | 
             | If I were a decision maker at NASA and I simply "trust"
             | Boeing at its job and something goes wrong, I would likely
             | end up fired at best.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | They can take control over the spacecraft, the issue seems
             | to be that the software is configured to expect crew
             | control to be available. So, say Starliner detects an
             | anomaly at some point, it will disable automatic control
             | and expect crew to take over manual controls. This might
             | cause a problem when returning without crew, even if they
             | might be able to override that remotely.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | The software currently loaded in Starliner is for manual
               | flight. There is a different package that needs to be
               | loaded (& verified) for autonomous flight, which seems to
               | be what they are planning to do.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | This is not entirely correct, after all, Starliner was
               | attempting to dock autonomously before the thruster
               | issues hit near the station. The software is configured
               | for autonomous undock, but not autonomous fault handling
               | (since if a crew is available, they're better for fault
               | handling). The software update is to enable the
               | autonomous fault handling that is needed when a crew is
               | not available.
               | 
               | "Essentially, what we're asking the team is to go back
               | two years in time and resurrect the software parameters
               | that are required to give automatic responses to
               | breakouts near the ISS should we have a problem in close
               | to ISS, which the software now allows them to do
               | manually," Stich said. "The team is always updating these
               | mission data loads as different things change."
               | 
               | - https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/08/nasa-official-
               | acknowle...
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | That doesn't sound good! So the current "autonomous"
               | capability isn't fully autonomous, and is less capable
               | (at least in this near-ISS maneuvering regard) than what
               | they had 2 years ago?!
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | I mean, it makes sense that if you have a crew onboard,
               | you want to make the crew handle the cases when the
               | software thinks something is wrong. Similar to how plane
               | autopilots will disengage for many kinds of faults.
               | 
               | If you don't have crew onboard, you don't have any choice
               | but to rely on the software's judgement.
               | 
               | I think the big problem is that the changeover is going
               | to take several weeks, since Starliner should be able to
               | fallback to flying autonomously if the crew happens to
               | become incapacitated for some reason. The changeover
               | should've just been a matter of sending a command from
               | the ground or via a relay satellite.
        
         | bigln wrote:
         | Well, unlike in web software, very real people could die if
         | they screw up, and they aren't exactly pressed for time right
         | now, so what's wrong with being careful?
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | I think for part of your question (why do they specifically say
         | a week), the length isn't all that meaningful. As in, if they
         | want to more time to make a decision, they'll just announce
         | another week's delay.
         | 
         | They have weekly status update conferences, and just cancelling
         | those conferences might be more of a PR risk than just keeping
         | the conference and announcing that they're delaying making a
         | decision.
        
         | baggachipz wrote:
         | An additional week ensures they stay compliant with their rich
         | tradition: a time estimate being off by an order of magnitude.
        
         | TheCondor wrote:
         | They may still be chasing down some loose ends. While
         | additional time allows for some more models and theories, I
         | think it becomes exponentially less likely that it will alter
         | the safe course of action.
         | 
         | If the system is so complex that an extra week does yield some
         | major new insights, that's way too complex to use.
        
         | omoikane wrote:
         | It's intriguing to me that they seem to be prioritizing
         | information collection to determine whether Starliner is
         | viable, as opposed to definitively announce a return via SpaceX
         | and making preparations for that.
         | 
         | It's like if I have a service outage, maybe I might spend a few
         | minutes to collect debugging information, but my priority would
         | be to bring the service back up via rollbacks or whatever to
         | restore a previously known good state. Currently they are
         | debugging Starliner with people stranded, but maybe they should
         | prioritize on getting those people back home first.
         | 
         | Or maybe everyone involved don't consider being stranded for
         | months in space as a bad state.
        
       | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
       | Curious as to moral in the Boeing division right now. If you
       | designed/built/influenced any part of the design and watching
       | this play out publicly. Leaving astronauts stranded and
       | potentially with a module stuck on the space station.
       | 
       | Do you definitely start looking for a new job? Assume that
       | ultimately nothing will change?
        
         | charlie0 wrote:
         | You certainly can't snitch, we saw what happened with that one
         | guy who tried it.
        
           | skyfaller wrote:
           | Two Boeing whistleblowers:
           | https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248693512/boeing-
           | whistleblow...
        
             | DoctorOetker wrote:
             | We should concede that its probably hard to do one's job
             | properly, if one "has" to take on the second job of
             | organizing a gangstalking crew or assassins.
             | 
             | How can we fault them for improperly leading Boeing
             | workforce with these extra tasks? /s
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> Curious as to moral in the Boeing division right now.
         | 
         | I'm even more curious about the astronauts. Are they willing to
         | risk it? Are they even part of the discussions? Are they saying
         | "screw that thing, get me a dragon"? I haven't heard a single
         | word about their take on it.
        
           | trebligdivad wrote:
           | If you listen to the teleconference, NASA was asked and it
           | really seem to be more that they'll do what they're told;
           | which seemed odd to me. And those conferences have not had
           | either the astronauts or Boeing on; which IMHO is just weird.
           | Having said that, I suspect the astronauts aren't actually
           | that worried by that thruster issue. They managed to dock it
           | OK (manually). It's more NASA getting comfortable that they
           | understand the failure.
        
             | laweijfmvo wrote:
             | NASA has strong military roots and astronauts used to as
             | well; the "do what they're told" fits that's motiff.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | I mean also they seem smart enough to have some
               | intellectual and epistemological modesty. If I'm the guy
               | or woman floating around in space, I have to imagine that
               | the collective brainpower on the ground is better-
               | informed to make that judgment than I am.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Two issues with that approach:
               | 
               | 1 - do they have the right incentives, is there colossal
               | pressure to save face from Boeing? Politics? This
               | happened before
               | 
               | 2 - lack of accountability - this is not a question of
               | property that can be compensated if they are wrong. they
               | can't die instead of you. Your family expects to see you
               | again, and you are responsible. There in no prize for
               | being 'Dead right'
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | _If you listen to the teleconference, NASA was asked and it
             | really seem to be more that they 'll do what they're told;
             | which seemed odd to me._
             | 
             | It seems vanishingly unlikely that NASA is free to decide
             | on their own solution. Orders along the lines of "Don't get
             | any astronauts killed before the election" wouldn't be all
             | that surprising, balanced against the problem of making the
             | newly-GOP-friendly Elon Musk look like the hero of the day.
             | 
             | Bottom line, those astronauts aren't going anywhere for a
             | few more months.
        
               | bigln wrote:
               | Do you have any proof that NASA is making decisions to
               | avoid making republicans look good or is that good old-
               | fashioned biased editorializing?
               | 
               | Please don't lower the value of conversation on HN with
               | tacit politicizing like that, thank you.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | Proof? No. But higher echelons in NASA are political
               | creatures by necessity. You can bet that the coming
               | election is factoring into their behavior.
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | > Having said that, I suspect the astronauts aren't
             | actually that worried by that thruster issue. They managed
             | to dock it OK (manually).
             | 
             | Watch the Starliner crew entering ISS. Williams is very,
             | very, very happy to have survived the ascent.
             | <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsURePrNTx0>
        
               | Tepix wrote:
               | That or she's just happy to be back in space for the 3rd
               | time. I know i would be. That and i'd be thrilled to get
               | to spend 9 months on the ISS instead of two weeks.
        
               | TMWNN wrote:
               | > That and i'd be thrilled to get to spend 9 months on
               | the ISS instead of two weeks.
               | 
               | Yes, flying in space is cool. No, most people don't want
               | to do this indefinitely. Astronauts retire all the time
               | even when they are 100% guaranteed more flight time if
               | they didn't retire; a whole bunch did that in the 1960s
               | and 1970s (some, like Frank Borman, 100% guaranteed to
               | walk on the moon), and more during the shuttle era.
               | 
               | It's one thing to have a mission extended by a day, as
               | happened to the shuttle routinely because of bad weather
               | at the landing site. Skylab 4's mission I believe got
               | extended by 28 days, but that was a known possibility
               | before launch. To have an eight-day mission be possibly
               | extended to _eight months_ is in no way shape or form OK.
               | 
               | Wilmore is going to miss his 30th wedding anniversary and
               | other family events
               | <https://www.wvlt.tv/2024/08/09/family-reacts-tennessee-
               | astro...>. Do you really think he is thrilled by that?
               | Really?
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > Williams is very, very, very happy to have survived the
               | ascent
               | 
               | That is quite a bit of projection. I see that Williams is
               | happy. I give you that. But what gives you the idea that
               | she is happy "to have survived the ascent" as opposed to
               | "happy to see her colleagues" or "happy to be in
               | microgravity" or "happy to be back at the ISS"?
        
             | yborg wrote:
             | If the crew publicly suggest they would rather not join
             | their Columbia forebears on the list of incinerated
             | spacefaring heroes their careers at NASA (and opportunities
             | afterward at Boeing or another contractor) would be over.
             | And until the engineering decision is made there is no need
             | to take that risk now.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | If they're are worried for their lives, then a career at
               | Boeing may not be that important. They're extremely
               | skilled engineers/scientists. It's unlikely they'd have
               | issues finding serious work.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | But few opportunities to go to space
        
               | AdamN wrote:
               | Based solely on age this is probably their last hurrah in
               | space
        
               | jfoster wrote:
               | Really?
               | 
               | They're both about 60. Since they're both fit enough to
               | be astronauts, I think we can say their life expectancy
               | should be at least 85. Perhaps substantially longer with
               | some medical advancements or age reversal.
               | 
               | Look at what SpaceX is working on these days (Starship),
               | consider that AI & robotics will likely accelerate
               | progress, and I would say that you can definitely expect
               | affordable and perhaps even relatively comfortable space
               | travel within their lifetimes.
        
             | goodcanadian wrote:
             | I've no doubt that the astronauts are involved in the
             | decision making. They are highly intelligent and highly
             | trained individuals. They are unequivocally part of a team
             | that also includes hundreds of highly skilled people on the
             | ground. This is quite literally their job. Talking about
             | all of this publicly is not their job. At least, not right
             | now.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | They've been standing by the process in the statements
           | they've made. I'm sure they're confident they're going back
           | on a Dragon by now so their personal risk is minimal.
        
           | basementcat wrote:
           | Astronauts, first and foremost, want to fly. They have been
           | known to hush up health issues, safety issues, vehicle issues
           | if it gets them closer to flying. I'm guessing Butch and Suni
           | are having the time of their lives watching the surface of
           | the Earth fly by outside the window. They will chomp at the
           | bit to manually fly a Starliner home good valves or no just
           | to show their colleagues how awesome they are.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonfly:_NASA_and_the_Crisis.
           | ..
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | I dunno, they cover up health issues and etc _to get into
             | space_. They're in space now, might as well drag it out as
             | long as they can.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > health issues, safety issues, vehicle issues if it gets
             | them closer to flying
             | 
             | I would take a risk driving experimental motorbike, would
             | not risk driving a normal motorbike on a highway where
             | mechanic checking it was sloppy and stupid.
             | 
             | Even if risks were, hypothetically identical, risk A is
             | honourable, risk 2 is someone's incompetence or greed.
        
             | Intralexical wrote:
             | They're also perfectly eager to cuss out bureaucrats who
             | get them killed by forcing them to fly known faulty
             | vehicles.                 > One report describes the crew
             | as "infuriated" that Mission Control Center seemed
             | unconcerned. When Gibson saw the damage he thought to
             | himself, "We are going to die"; he and others did not
             | believe that the shuttle would survive reentry. Gibson
             | advised the crew to relax because "No use dying all tensed-
             | up", he said, but if instruments indicated that the shuttle
             | was disintegrating, Gibson planned to "tell mission control
             | what I thought of their analysis" in the remaining seconds
             | before his death.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-27#Tile_damage
             | 
             | So, you know, it's one thing to be a badass cowboy with the
             | risks inherent to exploration. But maybe don't romanticize
             | the political and technical incompetence in _this_
             | particular situation.
        
           | fergie wrote:
           | Its worth noting that NASA astronauts are gifted, but often
           | more working class than equivalent organisations. I wonder if
           | their humble social status (relatively speaking) makes it
           | easier to coerce them into doing dangerous things?
        
             | alemanek wrote:
             | IMO it is probably more that people that work their entire
             | lives to be astronauts and then wait years, sometimes
             | decades, to get a flight slot are not the type to be risk
             | averse. Lots of them were test pilots as well. So, these
             | types of folks are naturally risk takers and I am sure have
             | full trust in their supporting teams.
             | 
             | I doubt they need to be coerced into doing dangerous
             | things. All space flight is inherently risky.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | It's probably cooler to fly back on a different vehicle
           | instead of re-using the same one.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | What's the problem? The vehicle mostly worked. It's like your
         | app shipped but had a spinning cursor issue and users had to
         | manually clear cache. It's an overwhelming success by standards
         | of software industry.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | Watch the Starliner crew entering ISS. Williams is very,
           | very, very happy to have survived the ascent.
           | <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsURePrNTx0> Does she seem
           | to think that the craft merely had a spinning-cursor issue?
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Yeah?
        
             | yardstick wrote:
             | I interpreted it as she was very happy to have completed
             | the first manned mission on a new spacecraft type
        
           | bigln wrote:
           | Maybe not everything is just like apps all the time.
        
             | kloop wrote:
             | You can treat spaceflight like software and work out the
             | bugs by trial and error. Lord knows spacex did.
             | 
             | You just can't put people on the vessel while you're doing
             | that part
        
           | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
           | The software industry literally has no standards.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | Software isn't an industry. NASA has amazing processes to
             | diagram software before a line of code is written.
        
         | katzinsky wrote:
         | >Curious as to moral in the Boeing division right now.
         | 
         | As long as the paychecks don't bounce they're probably more
         | worried about their individual KPI than the actual results.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | *morale
        
       | the_real_cher wrote:
       | How is Boeing so consistently terrible nowadays?
       | 
       | Theyre going to kill people at some point.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> They already did with the 2 737 Max crashes.
        
         | zie wrote:
         | They put business people in charge with the last merger,
         | instead of people with technical backgrounds.
         | 
         | As for killing people, they have already done that with the 737
         | Max.
        
           | the_real_cher wrote:
           | Insane. MBAs are a menace
        
             | Spartan-S63 wrote:
             | A professional management class is a menace. Managers with
             | experience in the domain they're managing are key.
             | Engineers-evolved-into-managers should lead engineering
             | firms, etc. If you don't understand what your underlying
             | business is, you're doomed to fail. Likewise, businesses
             | should be predicated on selling products, not on boosting
             | stock prices. There are at least two very wrong things: the
             | Jack Welch-ification of companies, and professional MBAs.
        
               | booi wrote:
               | case in point, Jensen Huang and Lisa Su. Both I think are
               | excellent run engineering tech firms that would be ruined
               | by an MBA. See Intel as an example..
        
           | Yeul wrote:
           | They didn't have a choice. When Airbus developed into
           | feasible competition Boeing suddenly had to start making
           | money.
           | 
           | The aviation industry wants cheap, fuel economic and reliable
           | "air busses". A brilliant name indeed.
        
             | Intralexical wrote:
             | > The aviation industry wants cheap, fuel economic and
             | reliable "air busses". A brilliant name indeed.
             | 
             | Ah, so that's what went wrong with the Bombardier CSeries.
        
         | ClassyJacket wrote:
         | "How is Boeing so consistently terrible nowadays?"
         | 
         | They are a publicly traded corporation. The enshittification is
         | inevitable.
         | 
         | They already killed a few hundred people.
        
         | every wrote:
         | Bean counters are notoriously poor engineers...
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | But they're great at financially justifying and ordering hits
           | on whistleblowers.
        
         | kondro wrote:
         | Aren't there a couple of unalive whistleblowers?
        
           | lyu07282 wrote:
           | afaik 2 so far as we know, John Barnett from "suicide" and
           | Joshua Dean from "illness".
        
         | SteveGerencser wrote:
         | Boeing merged with Lockheed/Martin when L/M was in serious
         | trouble and rumors say it was pushed by the DOD because of all
         | the L/M defense contracts involved. This then lead to the worst
         | parts of L/M (management over engineering) gaining a foothold
         | at Boeing (Engineering over Management).
         | 
         | The rest is a long, slow, decline into Boeing being what L/M
         | was when they needed to be rescued.
        
           | bradknowles wrote:
           | I thought the real damage of management over engineering was
           | done when they merged with McDonnell Douglas, and it was the
           | MDD managers who got put into all the cushy higher level
           | jobs?
           | 
           | Or did that happen twice?
        
             | shiroiushi wrote:
             | I think his post is correct, except that he unfortunately
             | got M-D confused with L-M and is probably outside the edit
             | window now.
        
           | Vecr wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure Boeing did not merge with Lockheed Martin. In
           | this alternate history was it because of the F-35 contract?
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | ULA (Boeing and Lockheed's spaceflight division) is a joint
             | venture between Boeing and Lockheed. Maybe they're
             | referring to that?
        
               | _djo_ wrote:
               | I think they're confusing Lockheed Martin with McDonnell
               | Douglas.
        
           | Sabinus wrote:
           | At some stage capitalism/free market needs to happen to those
           | companies. If they can't perform they should die and the
           | military contracts moved on.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | I think the key is to have leaders that have passion for the
           | product and aren't just interested in making profits and
           | increasing stock price.
           | 
           | When you look at people like Gates, Jobs, Musk, Huang, they
           | are cutthroat businessmen but they also have passion for
           | their products. When I listen to interviews with a lot of US
           | car CEOs, they seem to be interested only tangentially
           | interested in cars, it's just all numbers.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | > Theyre going to kill people at some point.
         | 
         | developed by Boeing that became notorious for its role in two
         | fatal accidents of the 737 MAX in 2018 and 2019, which killed
         | all 346 passengers and crew among both flights.
        
       | don-code wrote:
       | I'm somewhat surprised that, after the SpaceX / Boring Company
       | "rescue submarine" offer a few years ago, Elon Musk hasn't
       | personally suggested (over X, of course) that SpaceX send up
       | another Dragon inside of some compressed timeframe. I'm assuming
       | there must be some other limitations at play - maybe one can't be
       | readied that fast, or there's some other regulatory reason?
        
         | creer wrote:
         | Isn't SpaceX already scheduled with the next vehicle there?
         | With likely enough space on it and no rush on the space
         | station? SpaceX is already next, already in the news as the
         | safe solution.
        
         | gpm wrote:
         | As the article mentions, but is discussed in more detail in
         | another article [0], the alternative that is being considered
         | (and that SpaceX was already paid $266,678 to study, though
         | that contract was not necessarily awarded because of _this_
         | situation where it might become necessary) is bringing them
         | home on the dragon already up there.
         | 
         | [0] https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/08/yes-nasa-really-
         | could-...
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > the alternative that is being considered (and that SpaceX
           | was already paid $266,678 to study, though that contract was
           | not necessarily awarded because of this situation where it
           | might become necessary) is bringing them home on the dragon
           | already up there.
           | 
           | It's a little more nuanced than that.
           | 
           | If NASA decides to bring the Astronauts home on a Crew
           | Dragon, there will be a short window of time between when
           | Starliner undocks and when the next Crew Dragon docks that
           | there will be 6 International Astronauts on the ISS and only
           | 4 seats.
           | 
           | If an emergency happens during that time, NASA would jerry-
           | rig some extra seats in the existing Crew Dragon and bring
           | all 6 home that way. But that's a very short period of time -
           | just a couple of weeks.
           | 
           | The next Crew Dragon will only have 2 Astronauts aboard, and
           | will contain suits for Butch and Sunny, so that all 4 of them
           | can return normally on that vehicle at the end of the next
           | rotation.
        
         | bigiain wrote:
         | Just as likely, Elon Musk (dead at 52) posts saying the Boeing
         | astronauts can go fuck themselves.
        
         | negative_zero wrote:
         | The limitation is both ISS scheduling (it's very busy now and
         | has been for a while) and number of available docking ports.
         | 
         | It's part of why the next crew dragon mission is being delayed,
         | it needs to use the docking port currently occupied by
         | Starliner (and Starliner can't leave until Boeing updates and
         | uploads software for full autonomous operations).
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | As others have mentioned, he hasn't needed to suggest it
         | because that's the official alternative anyway.
         | 
         | The next Dragon crew rotation is coming up in September, so the
         | current proposed plan is to only send 2 people up, along with
         | the Dragon IVA suits for Butch and Suni, and bring them back
         | when that crew rotates back out in February.
         | 
         | SpaceX (afaik) also doesn't have any spare Dragons available
         | for an extra rescue mission right now. One is set to fly their
         | EVA test flight in a week or so and does not have the hardware
         | to dock with the ISS, instead replacing it with an EVA port. A
         | second Dragon is being prepped for a crewed polar flight
         | sometime later this year, and a third one is likely in the
         | process of being refurbished for the crew rotation in February.
         | 
         | But also, they can't dock a second Crew Dragon at the station
         | until they undock Starliner, and that is its own can of worms
         | right now (needs a few weeks to update the software for
         | uncrewed operation).
        
       | bottlepalm wrote:
       | I'm more upset at NASA than Boeing over this for downplaying this
       | issue for months while doing very serious things in the
       | background like hot fire testing. Not transparent at all. You can
       | easily see how public perception thought everything was fine all
       | through July here:
       | 
       | https://manifold.markets/Shihan/will-spacex-dragon-rescue-bo...
       | 
       | I'd love an investigation to see if the public perception matched
       | NASA's perception. I would be money that it doesn't which means
       | NASA has been hiding the truth from the public. How can anyone
       | trust what NASA says after this?
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | Is "hiding the truth" only a view if the truth is worse than
         | the public think or could you imagine arguing that NASA "hid
         | the truth" that its safer than the public thinks?
         | 
         | Objectively I suspect the only hidden truths here are
         | perceptions/knowlege that its worse than people think. Hiding
         | you think its better is .. unlikely.
         | 
         | Personally I don't ascribe a moral hazard dimension here.
         | Probably, the NASA officials who had the power to state things,
         | were not the ones conducting testing and their PR people were
         | put on hold. I think its a malice/incompetence thing (Hanlon's
         | razor)
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | > I'm more upset at NASA than Boeing over this for downplaying
         | this issue for months while doing very serious things in the
         | background like hot fire testing. Not transparent at all.
         | 
         | As late as July 28, NASA flight director Ed Van Cise explicitly
         | denied that the Starliner crew was stuck or stranded
         | <https://x.com/Carbon_Flight/status/1817754775196201035>. Even
         | if one quibbles about whether "stranded" applies in this
         | situation (I believe that it does <https://np.reddit.com/r/spac
         | e/comments/1ekicol/not_stranded_...>), "stuck" definitely does.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | This reads as histrionics. You want an investigation into
         | whether the general public felt the same panic people on the
         | project do? No thanks, I'm alright with letting them get on
         | with it and getting the full picture later.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | An investigation into whether NASA's public messaging jived
           | with their internal communications seems like it could be a
           | good idea, since we know previous disasters were in part
           | caused by NASA feeling external pressure to perform even
           | while their engineers were freaking out internally.
        
             | Yeul wrote:
             | NASA is funded with public money they should feel pressure
             | to perform.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Feeling pressure to perform to the extent of tryimg to
               | cover up or ignore serious safety issues raised by
               | engineers is how you get people dying live on TV.
               | 
               | That is obviously a lot worse than a delay as far as the
               | opinion of the public goes.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Feeling pressure doesn't mean giving into that pressure.
               | It's not as though they have a responsibility to the
               | public to be reckless; quite the contrary.
        
               | GenerWork wrote:
               | It's sad that you're being downvoted. They absolutely
               | should feel pressure to perform as a taxpayer funded
               | entity.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | They're being downvoted because they're intentionally
               | misreading what "pressured to perform" means in this
               | context.
               | 
               | Both space shuttle disasters occurred because NASA was
               | under pressure to 'perform' in the sense that they were
               | under pressure to increase launch rate and cut costs to
               | the extent that safety concerns were overlooked.
               | Potentially serious issues were overlooked in favor of
               | just flying.
               | 
               | Similarly, the concern here is that NASA management felt
               | pressured to allow Boeing to put the lives of crew at
               | risk despite serious safety concerns from engineers.
               | While they would've lucked out in this case since they
               | got to the ISS and have alternate ways to come back, if
               | that turned out to be the case, it'd raise serious
               | additional concerns for NASA's management of other Boeing
               | programs (see: SLS and Orion).
               | 
               | As a taxpayer funded entity, NASA should feel pressured
               | to perform in that they should feel pressured to progress
               | their mission as efficiently as possible. This means
               | taking the time to properly weigh safety risks, as a crew
               | vehicle exploding due to known problems is a waste of
               | taxpayer funds.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | As the issues tend to build up at contractor interfaces,
               | I would favor NASA to do more vertical integration, but,
               | then, it'd need more funding, which won't happen if
               | contractors such as Boeing and their own subcontractors
               | don't drop the ball so much and if the press doesn't
               | blame NASA for those.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | The problem with that is historically NASA has used
               | contractors to manufacture if not also design virtually
               | all of their hardware. They don't have the experience to
               | do it all on their own.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | NASA wouldn't need to be fully vertical, but it would be
               | wise to have as few nested contractor interfaces as
               | possible. This would make it have more responsibilities
               | in integration of components from multiple vendors, but
               | at least they wouldn't be shielded from issues and would
               | be able to see them as soon as possible.
               | 
               | Another important thing is that their jobs should be
               | protected from political interference, so that nobody
               | feels compelled to not speak up.
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | I don't understand. What would be the difference if they didn't
         | downplay this? There'd be a massive shitstorm distracting
         | resources at NASA and Boeing from doing their jobs and we
         | wouldn't be any better off. How is that better for anybody?
         | 
         | Why is handling the issue quietly _worse_? Let the engineers do
         | their fucking jobs.
         | 
         | > I'm more upset at NASA than Boeing
         | 
         | More upset than the company that couldn't build a functioning,
         | reliable rocket? Get a grip, dude.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | >What would be the difference if they didn't downplay this?
           | 
           | More confidence in NASA's future statements they make to the
           | public.
        
             | Sakos wrote:
             | And confidence would solve the Starliner problem? Oh come
             | on. NASA can't tell the truth because, you know, just look
             | at the state of social media and the news today. I wouldn't
             | want to tell anybody on HN the truth, much less your
             | average CNN or Fox reader/viewer. You want them to tell the
             | truth? Stop going on idiotic witch hunts first.
             | 
             | The NTSB doesn't comment on ongoing investigations either.
             | That's a good thing. Complete transparency only makes sense
             | once everything has been resolved and investigated.
             | Otherwise you have idiots on the internet chasing the
             | flimsiest of threads and making a big stink about
             | insignificant details.
        
       | lokar wrote:
       | You can rarely quantify the risk of complex systems. You should
       | instead attempt to bound the risk. This often helps guide your
       | next steps: how can you improve the bounds?
        
         | goku12 wrote:
         | Quantification of reliability and risk of entire systems like
         | spacecrafts is a real activity in aerospace engineering
         | (probably in other safety critical fields too). They take the
         | reliability figures of every single component based on
         | experience, and use them to progressively calculate the
         | reliability up to subsystem and full system levels. From this,
         | they can assess the probabilistic risk involved.
         | 
         | Granted that these figures are theoretical and probably varies
         | from reality by a good margin. But these figures are still
         | useful. For one, these figures are updated, recalculated and
         | refined as more actual figures are obtained from components,
         | packages, subsystems and system level tests. The final
         | reliability and risk figures progressively approach the actual
         | values as more tests, including flight tests are conducted. In
         | addition, even preliminary figures help you identity potential
         | risks and mitigate them with better engineering margins,
         | redundancy, better test methodologies, etc. In other words, the
         | quantification helps you contain the risks much better than any
         | qualitative analysis.
         | 
         | In this particular instance, NASA's statement is concerning
         | because it would mean that they don't the reliability figures
         | for many components and/or don't have the reliability
         | assessments based on tests.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20150002964/downloads/20...
        
       | mncharity wrote:
       | FWIW, a nice comment[1] from forum.nasaspaceflight.com (no
       | affiliation with NASA):
       | 
       | > I'm retired now but did propulsion and systems engineering on
       | the Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS) developed by Orbital Sciences and
       | Lockheed Martin for NASA/MSFC in the 1990's. [...] I'll make a
       | few comments on how/where things might have gone off the rails
       | with the RCS thruster thermal problem.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=60593.msg2...
        
         | fransje26 wrote:
         | From one of the twitter posts cited in the forum post:
         | 
         | > Curious if the root is someone at Boeing accidentally not
         | relaying vehicle updates to vendors, or if it was a conscious
         | decision to avoid paying for change requests.
         | 
         | Seeing how Boeing "incidents" have piled up in recent years,
         | and reading how most (or perhaps all) of those issues were due
         | to "cost saving" measures, I wouldn't put it past them to have
         | made that decision consciously, lives be damned.
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | _> Almost all problems occurred at interfaces between companies
         | (prime vs. sub, customer vs. prime) or between different groups
         | within the same company, where one group misunderstood what
         | another group was doing, or at actual mechanical and electrical
         | interfaces between components designed and built by different
         | groups._
         | 
         | This is obviously a well-known phenomenon in software
         | engineering and I don't think anyone here is going to be be
         | particularly surprised that it occurs in the aerospace setting.
         | What is a little more surprising, to me at least, is that the
         | systems people over there don't have procedures in place to
         | minimise risks stemming from lack of communication.
         | 
         | It isn't realistic for any sub-team to be fully familiar with
         | the overall system but surely, for instance, if a team is
         | working on component X which interfaces with components Y and
         | Z, then it should be standard practice for the X team to spend
         | at least some time with the Y and Z teams during development?
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | PRINCE-2 and other methodologies used in these kinds of
           | programs make ample provision for doing this - but like all
           | methodologies the benefits only come from proper application.
           | If the program manager is subjected to political pressure
           | from different stakeholders then the processes and approaches
           | that should catch division and misapprehensions may simply
           | not run.
        
           | whoitwas wrote:
           | Yeah. Where are the integration tests? As a total outsider
           | reading headlines, I would assume there's minimal testing
           | framework and sparse QA.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Maybe there should not be 300 subcontractors involved in
           | delivery and contracts should stipulated that work cannot be
           | outsourced? The outsourcing of everything is part of the
           | reason no one is ever held accountable.
        
             | chgs wrote:
             | The point of outsourcing is because people don't want to be
             | held accountable.
             | 
             | Stopping outsourcing doesn't change the fundamental problem
             | of accountability, people just find different ways to avoid
             | it.
        
               | stackghost wrote:
               | >The point of outsourcing is because people don't want to
               | be held accountable.
               | 
               | Having worked on the public sector (Air Force), there's
               | enormous pressure on groups like NASA to outsource
               | because voters perceive government work as wasteful and
               | expensive, and contracted work as efficient because free
               | market.
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | > there's enormous pressure on groups like NASA to
               | outsource because voters perceive government work as
               | wasteful and expensive, and contracted work as efficient
               | because free market.
               | 
               | And, those contracts end up being the most wasteful and
               | expensive of all.
        
           | limit499karma wrote:
           | The issue is design and development methodology.
           | 
           | > "Spend some time with the other team"
           | 
           | How about design documents? Is that truly a lost art among
           | the latter-day geeks?
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | Everybody hates reading documentation
        
               | seb1204 wrote:
               | I read it but there is less and less available.
               | Presentation and video recordings are more common but
               | useless for the self study and search of information.
               | Writing good documentation and instructions is hard. I
               | try it a lot.
        
             | gnfargbl wrote:
             | I'm sure that these groups are producing specifications,
             | and I'm sure those specifications are being followed to the
             | letter (and perhaps even being validated as such). The
             | problem is that the spec only ever contains about 80% of
             | reality, with the rest being lost either to implicit
             | assumptions made by the writer, or to requirements that the
             | implementer couldn't possibly hit and can't know
             | (unilaterally) how to trade into something more realistic.
             | 
             | This is why you have to get the humans to talk to the other
             | humans. If that communication happens via a collaborative
             | design document then yes, that's a process, and it's one
             | that can work.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | It's also why we could not recreate a Saturn-V today. We
               | have the specs, but we don't have the knowledge and
               | skills of the people who actually built them.
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | Even if you have the specs, you do not know if there was
               | some important variable that was not referenced in the
               | specs, and then you need a billion dollar research
               | project to figure out what was missing from the original
               | spec. Reference: FOGBANK.
               | https://www.twz.com/32867/fogbank-is-mysterious-material-
               | use...
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Another issue is that the same types of nuts and bolts,
               | resistors, and other miscellanea are not manufactured
               | today.
        
             | tonyarkles wrote:
             | I tried and tried to get two teams who were working on
             | critical-but-independently-developed systems to put
             | together an ICD. Team 2 says "no problem!" and comes back
             | with a document 2 weeks later. Team 1 says "this proposed
             | interface is terrible, here's a much better way to do it".
             | Team 2 replies "oh yeah that's a nice interface but too
             | late the interface in the ICD is the one we built two
             | months ago can't change it now"
        
             | 3o495u wrote:
             | Yes
             | 
             | In my current role (high-assurance deterministic code for
             | self-driving cars, one of the top-tier players, a company
             | who claims to be "safety obsessed"), we have close to zero
             | documentation. Every team or department has their own
             | standards for documentation. Documentation is always back-
             | written after coding is complete. Requirements are written
             | after code is complete. For the past year, I've been given
             | tons of praise at department meetings, "look at so and so,
             | they've written so much really good documentation, their
             | docs are the standard everyone else needs to follow", and
             | then when it comes time for promotions my managers tell me
             | "well, you haven't shipped as much code as other people on
             | the team .... absolutely you've done a terrific job with
             | documentation and we totally recognize you caught a ton of
             | problems before they became problems, but promotions are
             | really based on 'results', and 'results' means how much
             | code you wrote ....". So I'm job hunting.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | They should double the teams. For every interface, they
           | should add a team who's sole job it is to design and test
           | that interface.
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | As labor is a driving cost, wouldn't that almost double the
             | price? They are already uncompetitive in price with spaceX
             | right? I'm not suggesting that profits be valued over
             | lives, but they are clearly doing something wrong beyond
             | having too few employees.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Stock market goes up when we get rid of more employees,
               | that's all that matters...
               | 
               | Until the moment it doesn't.
        
               | GolfPopper wrote:
               | But by that time, the management whose quarterly or
               | yearly bonuses drove the decision have moved on to bring
               | their skills at increasing stock value to some other
               | company (or retired).
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Maybe you are right. Being a public company is a net
               | negative for space.
        
             | fn-mote wrote:
             | I am pretty sure you should have marked this comment /s.
             | 
             | The Mythical Man Month surely applies.
        
               | AdamN wrote:
               | We need another team to determine when the Mythical Man
               | Month applies or not
               | 
               | /s
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | Can I be on the team that ignores the result?
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | I think we're on that team by default.
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | It surely does not.
               | 
               | The Mythical Man Month applies when you task more people
               | to work on the same job with the expectation of faster
               | results.
               | 
               | He is proposing to task more people to work on different
               | jobs with the expectation of higher quality results.
        
             | datadrivenangel wrote:
             | I had a relative who spent years as a systems integration
             | engineer at Boeing. This was his job basically.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | What's amazing to me is that it doesn't seem like Boeing did
           | tests with a fully integrated capsule until after the CFT
           | test was in progress.
           | 
           | They did test firings of individual thrusters, and even did
           | some with multiple thrusters, but with many of the systems in
           | the doghouse missing and the insulation taken off.
           | 
           | Having read a good amount about their methods, it really
           | seems like Boeing has relied heavily on component level tests
           | and analysis rather than integrated tests. And it has bitten
           | them many times so far.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | > _with many of the systems in the doghouse missing and the
             | insulation taken off._
             | 
             | I'm curious where you're getting this? I've read
             | speculation, but I've never seen any authoritative source
             | claim the test hardware configuration was different than
             | the flight configuration. The better sources I've seen tend
             | to indicate it was an inadequate thruster profile in the
             | tests, rather than a configuration issue.
        
           | acomjean wrote:
           | Back when I worked on this hardware/software integration, we
           | often didn't have the hardware to test.
           | 
           | So we coded to the specs. I spent a lot of time reading those
           | and trying to figure out what they meant. It was a little
           | challenging but usually all the information was there. It
           | worked (mostly) and we tested alot. Some stuff was strange, I
           | still remember seeing angles in BAMs (Binary Angle
           | Mesurements)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_angular_measurement
        
             | azernik wrote:
             | This jibes with the way people compare SpaceX and "old
             | space" development in industry sources I follow:
             | 
             | SpaceX works "hardware rich", building lots of prototypes
             | early in the development process. When Boeing and ULA
             | launch their first "production" launch, the previous test
             | articles generally haven't been anywhere near complete.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | I wonder if it's possible to avoid sub-teams of a project at
           | this scale, could everyone working on it have a general
           | understanding of the entire system? even with imperfect
           | understanding, individual contributors would cover the gaps
           | for each other.
           | 
           | Are there full-stack engineers? or are the individual domains
           | too complex compared to coding?
        
             | _moof wrote:
             | This isn't really possible on a project like this. There
             | are just too many specialties, and you need folks who have
             | deep expertise in each one. Just off the top of my head
             | there's structures, mechanisms, fluids, propulsion,
             | avionics, dynamics, software, integration, systems,
             | instrumentation, test, operations, human factors, and
             | manufacturing, and each one of those has sub-specialties.
             | In avionics for example you've got RF and power (among
             | others); in software there's embedded, flight, ground, and
             | interfaces (again, among others). There's a chief engineer
             | whose job it is to oversee the project but they will be
             | relying on the expertise of the individual teams, and each
             | team has to work closely with and lean on their partner
             | teams. Sometimes you'll have people who are cross-trained -
             | I have experience in avionics, software, and ops - but
             | that's not typical, and it doesn't take much to feel spread
             | thin (I certainly do).
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | It's like people expect NASA to be infallible.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | No, people look at what NASA was able to accomplish during
             | the 1960s and compare it to now, and wonder how the level
             | of competence can be so drastically lower now vs. then.
             | NASA was not infallible during the 1960s, but the level of
             | engineering competence was much higher.
        
               | dml2135 wrote:
               | Well my first thought to answer that question is -- how
               | do the funding levels compare between now and then?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | > (no affiliation with NASA)
         | 
         | I've mistaken them for the official nasa webcast more than once
         | before realizing that the two casual dudes talking can't
         | possibly be official commentators. Isn't this some sort of
         | trademark infringement they're doing?
        
           | allenrb wrote:
           | From NSF's "about us" page:
           | 
           | NSF is not affiliated with and does not represent the
           | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA
           | initials are used with NASA's permission.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | I don't know if it's supposed to take a rocket scientist to
         | figure out whether Boeing these days has been living up to its
         | 20th century reputation for improved reliability.
         | 
         | From the comments it can be pretty succinct:
         | 
         | >Yes, I know the aircraft and space divisions are separate.
         | Doesn't matter. Shit always runs down hill if Corporate is
         | squatting.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | > no affiliation with NASA
         | 
         | I'm shocked they're able to keep operating like this. Can I
         | walk around Seattle video recording bicycle thieves and call it
         | "Seattle Police Department Video"?
        
       | tersers wrote:
       | I don't think they're coming down until after election day. All
       | the money and time devoted to this cannot result in any further
       | failure. It's an easy narrative for the GOP to spin with
       | themselves as the only party that can beat China in the new space
       | race over the failures the Biden/Harris administration, even if
       | they're only at arms length through NASA.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | I don't think anyone should return on Starliner.
       | 
       | Use Dragon, Starliner can be a test.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | It's an obvious conclusion at this point but there's a lot of
         | pressure to decide otherwise because of the financial and
         | political stakes. The core issue is that NASA and Boeing know
         | this and don't want to sign off on this. But they also don't
         | want to sign of on the failure of the mission just yet; having
         | signed off on the launch already. So, they are a bit stuck
         | here.
         | 
         | Fortunately, running down the clock makes this a foregone
         | conclusion. A lot of the components and systems on this thing
         | have expiry dates. So, they are running down the clock. And of
         | course the longer that lasts, the more potential for new
         | problems there is.
         | 
         | By simply running down the clock, they get to land the thing
         | without passengers and without having to do so because of the
         | original failure. So everybody saves face (somewhat). My guess
         | is they'll try to land it normally without passengers to
         | "validate" it at least worked as advertised. But without
         | risking astronaut lives. And then dragon swoops in and it's
         | business as usual and nobody died.
         | 
         | The difference between Dragon and Starliner is that Nasa used
         | Dragon for years without passengers so they knew the thing
         | worked as advertised. And then the first launch with passengers
         | was a non-event in terms of safety as it was just another
         | launch for them. It's what SpaceX does: iterate lots until they
         | can nail it every time.
         | 
         | The issue with Starliner is that launching it is too expensive
         | to do this. No reusable rocket means they need a new one every
         | time. So, this is only the third launch they've attempted. And
         | the previous unmanned launches had lots of delays and issues.
         | Technically they've never had a flight without problems.
         | 
         | They never had a lot of confidence building launches without
         | passengers because the cost for that would have been
         | astronomical. So, it's a big question mark in terms of safety.
         | And all the constant incidents involving Boeing aren't
         | instilling a lot of confidence.
         | 
         | So, they are simply running down the clock until failure is a
         | foregone conclusion. The pressure is on Boeing to guarantee
         | safety to NASA. And there's no way that either of them is
         | signing off on a manned return of this thing because they'd
         | never hear the end of it if it goes wrong. Which is why we're
         | getting all these euphemistic statements about hard to quantify
         | risks to explain why they can't sign off.
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | The trade-off here is: When does it become more embarrassing to
       | bring them home in the competitor's vehicle than to extend the
       | mission further.
       | 
       | When in 1974 the 56 day planned mission on Skylab 4 was delayed
       | by 24 days it was a _major_ event.
       | 
       | With the current debacle we are past 65 days of a planned 8 day
       | mission. In a past world _this_ would have been seen as a the
       | shame with the fact in which vessel the crew returned, being a
       | just a minor sidenote.
        
         | steve1977 wrote:
         | Today everything is noncommittal trial and error it seems... oh
         | sorry, I think I've spelled "agile" wrong...
        
           | loudmax wrote:
           | A surplus of agility is the last of Boeing's problems.
        
             | steve1977 wrote:
             | In my experience, agile methodologies do not have a a
             | strong correlation to agility.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Boeing (especially Boeing ITDA) did indeed have a run-in
               | with Agile SAFE. It went predictably.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Boeing's bean counter management seem more concerned
               | about cost saving than quality.
               | 
               | https://www.industryweek.com/supply-
               | chain/article/22027840/b...
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Oh yes. I worked at Boeing until recently.
        
               | steve1977 wrote:
               | "a waterfall pig with agile lipstick"
        
           | lucianbr wrote:
           | What does this have to do with anything? Are NASA or Boeing
           | using Agile for any project related to this mission?
        
             | cabbageicefruit wrote:
             | No. Not at all. SpaceX is much closer to "agile" than
             | Boeing or NASA, and I don't think their success is a strike
             | against agile.
             | 
             | GP just seems to have beef with agile and seems to be
             | trying to loop any random failure, whether or not agile was
             | involved, into the discussion.
             | 
             | Here is a past HN thread discussing exactly this.
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23856590
        
               | steve1977 wrote:
               | My beef is with selling incompetence to plan as agile...
               | not with agile done properly (which is rare).
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Quite the opposite. Agile is about testing ALL THE TIME and
           | building incrementally. They have flown humans right after a
           | single successful cargo mission. Did they have no further
           | anomalies in the second mission? I seriously doubt it. Now
           | they have a bunch of issues on the RCS and reentry rockets
           | that can't possibly be entirely new (unless someone changed
           | something and people have flown an untested critical
           | component). Worse for Boeing, those components are procured
           | from a third party which now they must be questioning how
           | much QA went into them.
        
         | boredpudding wrote:
         | Based on previous articles[1], it's either return them on
         | Starliner or bring them home as part of the SpaceX Crew-9
         | mission[2].
         | 
         | So the timeline is irrelevant to embarrassment. The Crew-9
         | mission has been rescheduled to 24 September, a decision needs
         | to be done way beforehand. If the decision is bring them down
         | using SpaceX, the Starliner crew will then stay until the end
         | of the Crew-9 mission in March.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wired.com/story/nasa-boeing-starliner-decision/
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-9
        
           | YarickR2 wrote:
           | Or using Russian Soyuz craft. Not politically viable, but a
           | choice nonetheless
        
           | fernandopj wrote:
           | I thought the 24 September date was for them to return using
           | that Dragon capsule within days, was it not? They would have
           | to send two less people on Crew 9 mission, then wait the
           | entire mission duration to return? That's so odd.
           | 
           | I'd imagine they would just change the mission to send an
           | empty Dragon in March to get them, but use the launched
           | September Dragon to return those Starliner astronauts right
           | away.
        
             | gangstead wrote:
             | That is the date they will send up a half full Dragon for
             | Crew 9 Mission, which will return home in February. They
             | aren't changing its return date, just how many people it
             | launches with. Crew 9 can't take off until there is a free
             | docking port so Starliner needs to be gone (crewed or not)
             | before Dragon can launch (with 2 or 4 people depending on
             | how Starliner leaves).
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | Does that mean SpaceX needs to wait for Starliner to be
               | gone before trying anything? What happens if Starliner
               | somehow messes up more? God I can't fathom...
        
               | fernandopj wrote:
               | IIRC the Crew 9 mission was postponed for exactly this
               | reason. At some point, Starliner needs to be kicked out
               | because they need the docking space. They can't keep
               | postponing ISS missions as they please.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | What's really scary is what if Starliner fucks ISS up
               | during the undocking process...
        
               | gangstead wrote:
               | Exactly right. If a bunch of thrusters don't fire up
               | again you now have a huge piece of debris at risk of
               | colliding with the ISS. This probably gives NASA the most
               | pause before doing an unmanned Starliner exit. Having
               | people on board Starliner might be able to recover from
               | more thruster problems but then there'd also be people on
               | a death trap. So an unmanned Starliner might be risking
               | as much life as a manned Starliner and NASA has no idea
               | how much.
               | 
               | As for your earlier question: yes. Starliner has to leave
               | before Crew 9 can dock. And their rules are it won't
               | launch Crew 9 until there is a port for it to dock to.
               | 
               | On the ISS there are 4 ports on the Russian side only
               | compatible with the Soyuz / Progress ships and 4 for the
               | US side. 2 are "Common Berthing Mechanism" (CBD) used by
               | Cygnus cargo modules (and the original Dragon 1) and 2
               | are "International Docking System Standard" (IDSS) used
               | by newer Dragon 2, Starliner, "and future" vehicles.
               | 
               | The result is that before a second Dragon can launch
               | Starliner must leave. If Butch and Suni aren't on it then
               | Crew 9 arrives with 2 empty seats and 2 new space suits.
               | The contingency exit plan in between Starliner leaving
               | and Crew 9 arriving is for Butch and Suni to lay on the
               | floor of Crew 8 Dragon without pressure suits below the 4
               | Dragon crew members (their Starliner suits can't plug
               | into Dragon's systems).
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | Man this really doesn't look good. I wonder if they have
               | to eventually use the Russian option.
        
         | nimbius wrote:
         | whats wild is this problem never happened to the Soviet Union,
         | and it doesnt happen to China, but its happened _twice_ to the
         | US now.
         | 
         | Why is the US giving Boeing a free pass for this? it frankly
         | makes the US look pathetic. News stations quit covering it once
         | the cat was out of the bag that this isnt a "routine
         | evaluation" and the crew is actually just stranded.
         | 
         | 23 Taikonauts in China made it to and from the Tiangong space
         | station in the Shenzhou xx series of rockets with no issues or
         | delays. Maybe we should ask the China Manned Space Agency for a
         | hand?
        
           | practicemaths wrote:
           | Maybe China and Russia are less risk averse? Americans hate
           | dead astronauts.
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | The US has far more deaths per flight than any other
             | nation. There have been 19 astronauts that have died during
             | spaceflight. [1] 14 of them have been American, with the US
             | and USSR/Russia having a comparable number of total
             | launches. The USSR/Russia's most recent fatality was in
             | 1971.
             | 
             | NASA is paradoxical, because in terms of how they are
             | perceived they're seen as this ultra risk averse safety-
             | first organization, but in terms of actual behavior - they
             | keep doing the exact same thing which has left 14
             | astronauts dead, and now these astronauts stranded. There
             | just seems to be a extreme disconnect between the actual
             | engineering staff and the managerial layer, probably
             | exasperated by the fact that political appointees head the
             | organization.
             | 
             | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight-
             | related_ac...
        
               | practicemaths wrote:
               | When is the last time that China or Russia tried testing
               | an entirely new launch vehicle? It is my understanding,
               | aside from upgrades, they have not really built anything
               | new.
               | 
               | Edit: also looking at your list of accidents, China has
               | one with 6-100 deaths.
               | 
               | And USSR has 120 deaths in 1960.
               | 
               | I think you need to look at deaths beyond just Astronauts
               | here.
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | "NASA is paradoxical, because in terms of how they are
               | perceived they're seen as this ultra risk averse safety-
               | first organization, but in terms of actual behavior -
               | they keep doing the exact same thing"
               | 
               | This paradox is easily resolved. As risk aversion goes to
               | maximum, the _only_ acceptable solution is to do what was
               | done before. Anything we deviate from doing before is
               | something that could fail in a new and unknown way,
               | possibly bigger than before.
               | 
               | This isn't a NASA thing, this is one of the basics of
               | large bureaucracies. It is one of the major drivers of
               | their inertia and inability to change course. When the
               | penalty for slightly more failure than before (in
               | anything except money spend, that's OK as long as it's
               | done by high level people) is expulsion and scapegoating
               | and the reward for doing slightly better is a pat on the
               | back and a denied request for a salary upgrade/slight
               | promotion, you converge on having an organization full of
               | people where this is the only path forward, no matter how
               | much acknowledgement there is that the current situation
               | is broken by every last person involved.
               | 
               | To take a really big diversion, one of the deeper aspects
               | of the "move fast and break things" philosophy isn't just
               | about directly moving fast and breaking things; it is
               | creating a culture where people have permission to fail
               | at least a _little_ before being evicted from it. Your
               | biggest successes will always involve some failures on
               | the way, so if you rigorously eliminate all failure from
               | your organization, all but the smallest, most basic of
               | successes will go with it. It 's not that you literally
               | want to break things or that managers should necessarily
               | create a "broken things" metric and try to keep it in
               | some band above zero but below catastrophe, it's about
               | making avoiding breakage not calcifying and paralyzing
               | your company by making it the absolute number one
               | priority above all else.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > This isn't a NASA thing, this is one of the basics of
               | large bureaucracies.
               | 
               | Not really, because commercial air travel had problems
               | early on, and the FAA approach was to investigate,
               | determine root causes, and make changes to eliminate or
               | reduce the probability of them happening again. Assigning
               | blame or scapegoating was not part of their process (not
               | that it didn't happen in the media). And now commercial
               | air travel is very safe.
        
               | theluketaylor wrote:
               | Except commercial and amateur air travel seems to now be
               | stuck in a local maxima deeply similar to what the parent
               | talks about, avoiding risk by doing the same thing. There
               | are good processes to improve the safety of existing
               | operations and good reasons to keep doing proven things,
               | but innovation is deeply choked.
               | 
               | See the decades long process of trying to switch away
               | from leaded aviation fuel. Small aircraft are all running
               | engine designs from the 1960s despite huge advances in
               | internal combustion and fuel composition in other
               | applications. Getting a new engine design or fuel mixture
               | approved has proven effectively impossible, so processes
               | have defaulted to doing things the exact same way to
               | avoid risk.
               | 
               | See also the 737 MCAS debacle. Boeing was highly
               | incentivized to keep the 737 flight characteristics
               | exactly the same to avoid needing to re-certify the
               | airframe or re-train pilots they invented MCAS to mimic
               | the old behaviour and didn't tell pilots about it,
               | leading to deadly results. Rules designed to allow change
               | actually perversely made it a better option to avoid
               | change (or at least avoid the appearance of change), so
               | risk behaviour defaulted to do it the same way as before.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | The only reason the US had so many more fatalities is
               | because the Shuttle carried a larger crew in the first
               | place.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | China, at least Modern China is extremely risk averse.
             | Basically if anything bad happens (not necessarily a death)
             | the whole team would go through a lengthy close-looping
             | quality management process. It is only after the success of
             | SpaceX that things seem to loosen up a bit.
        
           | tjpnz wrote:
           | >23 Taikonauts in China made it to and from the Tiangong
           | space station in the Shenzhou xx series of rockets with no
           | issues or delays. Maybe we should ask the China Manned Space
           | Agency for a hand?
           | 
           | How sure are you about there being no issues or delays?
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | > _23 Taikonauts in China made it to and from the Tiangong
           | space station in the Shenzhou xx series of rockets with no
           | issues_
           | 
           | To be fair, that we know of. It's entirely possible that
           | their re-entry vehicles also had issues that they decided
           | were an acceptable risk, and were proven correct - without
           | publicizing them.
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | The U.S. has launched more manned missions in the last three
           | years than China has in the last 20.
           | 
           | China has literally dropped rockets on Chinese villages.
           | 
           | The Soviet Union treated its astronauts as disposable, and
           | covered up many of their failed missions.
           | 
           | What do you consider a free pass for Boeing btw?
        
             | computerex wrote:
             | Say what you will, Russia still has the most reliable
             | launch vehicle that's ever existed.
        
               | plasticchris wrote:
               | Proton? It has about 89 percent success, nowhere close to
               | Falcon 9's 99 percent success rate.
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | No, Soyuz. And Soyuz has like 4x-5x number of launches of
               | Falcon 9 so direct comparisons like yours don't work.
               | 
               | Soyuz is the most reliable launch vehicle and spacecraft
               | that's ever existed.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Note that your original comment made no acknowledgement
               | of the number of launches by each country. But now when
               | it suites you, it's all important.
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | What? I was responding to the person saying falcon 9 is
               | the most reliable vehicle we have.
               | 
               | I was merely pointing out that soyuz has like 1500+
               | launches over Falcon 9 and that there is no comparison.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _pointing out that soyuz has like 1500+ launches over
               | Falcon 9_
               | 
               | Not the current variants. If we're integrating everything
               | called Soyuz we may we well do the same with Long March
               | and every American rocket that uses similar engines.
               | 
               | Falcon is widely considered the most reliable platform
               | you can launch on today.
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | Widely considred by whom? Elon Musk? Soyuz has like a 98%
               | average success rate over all the variants.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Widely considred by whom?_
               | 
               | Every statistical audit I've seen by someone with a
               | background in aerospace engineering.
               | 
               | > _Soyuz has like a 98% average success rate over all the
               | variants_
               | 
               | Great. You don't get to fly on "all the variants," you
               | fly on the most recent. The RD-107A, 108A and Soyuz-2 are
               | not as reliable as Falcon 9.
        
               | trothamel wrote:
               | As I mention in a sibling post, Soyuz might have more
               | launches, but it also has way more launch failures.
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | Not just more launches, over a THOUSAND more launches.
               | Soyuz has a 98% success rate. Falcon 9 needs to do A LOT
               | more launches before it can be comparable.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | > And Soyuz has like 4x-5x number of launches of Falcon 9
               | so direct comparisons like yours don't work.
               | 
               | You made the comparison first. Are you taking it back
               | then?
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | Jesus please go back to reddit. I was simply pointing out
               | that Soyuz has had a LOT MORE launches than Falcon 9,
               | literally over a thousand more, so no one can in good
               | faith that Falcon 9 is more reliable given the numbers
               | and statistics.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | But they can claim, in good faith, that Soyuz is? Im
               | afraid thats not how logic works. Either the error bars
               | are too large to take a position, or they aren't. You
               | can't have it both ways.
        
               | computerex wrote:
               | Fact remains that Soyuz has over a thousand more launches
               | than Falcon 9 with an average success rate of 98% over
               | all its variants. It's the single most reliable launch
               | vehicle mankind has ever made.
        
               | trothamel wrote:
               | Looking at the three most recent Soyuz variants:
               | 
               | Soyuz-U had 765 successes in 786 flights. (97.3%) Soyuz-
               | FG had 69 successes in 70 flights (98.5%) Soyuz-2 has 160
               | successes in 166 flights (96.3%)
               | 
               | Falcon 9 has 362 successes in 365 flights. (99.1%). That
               | includes the partial failure of the CRS-1 mission, which
               | successfully delivered CRS-1 to the space station but
               | released secondary payloads into a lower than expected
               | orbit. It does't include the AMOS-6 fire, which would
               | bring Falcon 9 down 98.9%.
               | 
               | Falcon 9 is more reliable than Soyuz.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Interestingly none of those numbers is enough to give a
               | significant difference between failure rates in a chi-
               | squared test with p < 0.05 - not even if you pool all the
               | Soyuz variants. Though they do all hit p < 0.10.
        
               | trothamel wrote:
               | Thanks for running the numbers, which I think prove that
               | it's impossible to say that Soyuz is more reliable than
               | Falcon, even if you count AMOS-1 (which feels like it
               | should be counted) and CRS-1 (which I don't).
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | Russia != Soviet Union. That being said, they've been
               | using roughly the same vehicle for a very long time (20+
               | years if you only consider the latest gen Soyuz, much
               | longer otherwise). I would hope it is reliable by now.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | More than half of Russia's space history is Soviet space
               | history. Russia just happens to be the country that
               | inherited most of the stuff after the Soviet Union ceased
               | to exist.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | The Soviet Union is included in the Russian Federation's
               | history, but not the other way around. Had they said
               | Russia, then sure.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Russia just happens to be the country that inherited
               | most of the stuff after the Soviet Union ceased to exist_
               | 
               | Stuff, not capability. Russia's recent spacefaring
               | attempts have cemented its deterioration.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Capabilities degrade over time for a number of reasons.
               | In this case I assume not only lack of continued
               | investment but also fear management.
        
             | electriclove wrote:
             | SpaceX has...
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | I'd argue that a private company, ran by an immigrant,
               | that started with private capital, carrying out the
               | launches makes it more American than if NASA had done it.
        
           | cooper_ganglia wrote:
           | I found Xi Jinping's HN account!
        
             | wumeow wrote:
             | He's got a lot of them here.
        
           | jacoblambda wrote:
           | > whats wild is this problem never happened to the Soviet
           | Union
           | 
           | Tell that to Vladimir Komarov who launched on Soyuz 1 despite
           | knowing it was a death sentence because if he refused then
           | his close friend (Yuri Gagarin) would have to fly in his
           | stead.
           | 
           | The rocket had several hundred structural problems and they
           | knew it would fail but they launched anyways.
           | 
           | So he died screaming while he burned to death on reentry and
           | he broadcasted it in the clear so that everyone could listen.
           | And they insisted that his remains be shown in an open casket
           | so that leadership would have to look at what they did.
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2011/05/02/134597833/c.
           | ..
           | 
           | Or the three backup crew members who flew Soyuz 11 and died
           | of asphyxiation despite the fact that it was a known issue
           | that the cabin pressure valves that led to their deaths did
           | not reliably close automatically. Manually closing them was
           | not part of their reentry flight plan and the only thing they
           | got was a warning from an original crew member to do so
           | because it wasn't safe and they wouldn't add it to the flight
           | plan.
        
             | bparsons wrote:
             | Two space shuttles burned up...
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | Challenger is 100% on NASA but the Columbia disaster was
               | a perfect storm of small mistakes that could be
               | individually safely mitigated (but not all together) more
               | than a blatant failure on any one person or group in the
               | org's part. Additionally space shuttles had experienced
               | conditions extremely similar to Columbia's time and again
               | without any major damage or risk to crew. It still was a
               | failure but it was a much more complex and subtle form of
               | failure than the Challenger disaster.
               | 
               | But neither of those remotely compares to Soyuz 1 or
               | Soyuz 11. The failure in Soyuz 11 had been seen time and
               | again during trainings and testing but was waived away
               | and the only reason it didn't occur earlier was because
               | of pilots unofficially taking steps to mitigate the issue
               | outside of the flight plan that then weren't performed on
               | Soyuz 11. And the failure in Soyuz 1 was expected from
               | before launch. It wasn't a statistical probability that
               | the team made a risky gamble on (like Challenger) but was
               | a definite death sentence. Soyuz 1 is equivalent to if
               | you had the Challenger failure but on several hundred
               | different parts of the rocket instead of on just one.
               | 
               | Either way the point of my original comment was to
               | dissuade the notion that the USSR didn't have
               | embarrassing crewed failures in space flight, not to try
               | and pick sides on who was worse.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Read _The Field Guide to Understanding Human Error_ by
               | Sidney Dekker. In manufacturing, it's always a perfect
               | storm because of the variation of Murphy's Law that's
               | usually in effect: Everything that can go wrong, usually
               | goes right.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | Reading analysis[0] of the damage caused by a foam strike
               | on STS-119 makes the loss of Columbia feel more "on NASA"
               | to me than not. NASA knew a foam strike could be
               | catastrophic and that the odds of a bad strike weren't
               | astronomically remote. It had already happened on STS-119
               | and only luck prevented loss of the vehicle.
               | 
               | I didn't have that take initially, but the Causality
               | podcast did an episode[1] on it a few years ago that got
               | me into reading more about it.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts119/090327sts27/
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://engineered.network/causality/episode-24-columbia/
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | As did an early Apollo capsule.
               | 
               | This stuff is still risky even today. It's not like
               | hopping on a flight to Chicago.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | I saw an old documentary (cannot recall where) about the
             | Soviet space program. They could not afford a lot of
             | testing or simulations on the ground but there was immense
             | pressure to make progress, so they would just launch stuff
             | and try to learn from the results, good or bad.
        
             | nimbius wrote:
             | this is, frankly, some pretty generous editorializing.
             | 
             | Komarov was selected to command the Soyuz 1, in 1967, with
             | Yuri Gagarin as his backup cosmonaut. refusing to fly has
             | the same consequence for every space program: the backup
             | flies.
             | 
             | as for the "died screaming" claim, thats some malarkey.
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2011/05/03/135919389/
             | a...
             | 
             | What we've learned: American historian Asif Siddiqi has a
             | transcript of Komarov's final moments in the Soyuz. He got
             | it from the Russian State Archive. It goes like this:
             | 
             | Komarov: Activated, activated, don't worry, everything is
             | in order.
             | 
             | Ground: Understood, we're also not worried. How do you
             | feel, how's everything? Zarya, over.
             | 
             | Komarov: I feel excellent, everything's in order.
             | 
             | Ground: Understood, our comrades here recommend that you
             | take a deep breath. We're waiting for the landing. This is
             | Zarya, over.
             | 
             | Komarov: Thank you for transmitting all of that.
             | [Separation] occurred. [garbled]
             | 
             | Ground: Rubin, this is Zarya. Understood, separation
             | occurred. Let's work during the break [pause]. Rubin, this
             | is Zarya, how do you hear me? Over. Rubin, this is Zarya,
             | how do you hear me? Over. This is Zarya, how do you hear
             | me? Over ...
        
               | capitainenemo wrote:
               | From that article... '"I asked Siddiqi if he thought his
               | transcript had been doctored. He said, "I'm 100 percent
               | confident the transcripts are genuine," though there may
               | be other recordings from other tracking locations.When I
               | showed it to Bizony, he said, "An official Soviet
               | transcript of anything, from the death of a cosmonaut to
               | the birth of a healthy baby boy, isn't worth the paper
               | it's written on. ... Given that we at least broadly trust
               | Russayev's recollection of events, we are entitled to
               | believe that Komarov, for all his discipline as a
               | cosmonaut, would have been entitled to some spitting
               | madness and frustration."'
               | 
               | Certainly that was my first thought when I read "Russian
               | State Archive"
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | Oh, that's what the OFFICIAL Soviet state archives say!
               | Well, I am certain that they were trustworthy narrators,
               | and I'm sure they would have been careful to make an
               | accurate record of anything embarrassing to the Party.
        
           | big-green-man wrote:
           | Didn't happen in the Soviet Union, nope sure didn't. they
           | just let the cosmonauts die.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/jul/01/chin.
           | ..
           | 
           | I agree it makes the US look pathetic.
        
           | InDubioProRubio wrote:
           | It was bad behind the iron curtain, so bad, that in ukraine
           | half a million man are willing to fight and die to not go
           | back behind one. The propaganda posters hanging on the wall,
           | had nothing to do with the reality behind it.
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | You're right, China and the Soviet Union would never allow a
           | public discussion of technical problems in their governmental
           | programs.
        
         | dave78 wrote:
         | At this point, now that the SpaceX alternative has been
         | officially acknowledged, I really don't see how anyone at NASA
         | would be comfortable risking the return on Starliner. If they
         | do and it fails and the astronauts die, everyone will be
         | (rightly) outraged that a viable rescue plan was available and
         | not used. It could become an existential crisis for NASA.
         | 
         | My belief is that the fact that they're publicly "considering"
         | the SpaceX plan means that they've probably already decided to
         | do that and what we're seeing in the media right now is NASA
         | just letting everyone get used to the idea before they formally
         | commit to it.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | I hope you're right, but at the same time it would be quite
           | sad if this is all theatrics to preserve the feelings of
           | Boeing fanboys (how do those still exist?)
        
             | Hinermad wrote:
             | > Boeing fanboys (how do those still exist?)
             | 
             | There are still fans of Boeing's ability to make money, no
             | matter how bad they are at making aerospace products.
        
               | hotstickyballs wrote:
               | They exist because Boeing gives their voters jobs.
        
             | adamsb6 wrote:
             | I doubt Boeing fanboys are part of the equation.
             | 
             | NASA is an executive agency, the President doesn't like the
             | head of SpaceX, and it's an election year.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _NASA is an executive agency, the President doesn't
               | like the head of SpaceX_
               | 
               | NASA is a _huge_ fan of SpaceX. Look at the Artemis
               | programme and the amount of technology risk concentrated
               | with them. They'd similarly defer to SpaceX if Crew
               | Dragon had an issue.
        
               | adamsb6 wrote:
               | NASA certainly is deeply entwined with SpaceX, but that
               | relationship predates the Biden/Elon animosity.
               | 
               | Biden has the authority to say that he's not going to
               | give Elon this gloating opportunity ahead of the
               | election.
               | 
               | Biden also has the authority to make SpaceX catch a seal,
               | strap it to a board, and make it listen to rocket noise
               | through headphones to see if it becomes distressed.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | They exist because "real engineering" is something people
             | think ex-software people can't do. And because some people
             | have a reflexive dislike of Elon Musk.
             | 
             | This is real engineering, folks. By the experienced real
             | engineers at Boeing. Not the idiots at SpaceX whose stuff
             | keeps blowing up.
        
           | supportengineer wrote:
           | In school we learned this is called a "trial balloon"
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > My belief is that the fact that they're publicly
           | "considering" the SpaceX plan means that they've probably
           | already decided to do that and what we're seeing in the media
           | right now is NASA just letting everyone get used to the idea
           | before they formally commit to it.
           | 
           | The messaging from NASA has slowly shifted from "They're
           | returning on Starliner" to "They're returning on Starliner,
           | and we're considering contingencies" to "We'll make a
           | decision whether they return on Starliner or Crew Dragon".
           | 
           | It does kind of seem like NASA is giving Boeing as much time
           | as they can to try to pull a rabbit out of a hat, with the
           | understanding that if they don't deliver, that the Astronauts
           | are going back on Crew Dragon.
        
           | bunderbunder wrote:
           | I gather that they're also worried that the Dragon option
           | turns into another can of worms due to a risk that an
           | automated return of the Starliner could result in bricking
           | the ISS's docking port. Something about how they _removed_
           | the automated docking /undocking software from Starliner for
           | the crewed mission, for reasons I'm guessing I could not
           | begin to fathom.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | It isn't that they removed autonomous undocking. IIRC
             | autonomous docking/undocking were part of the requirements
             | for the commercial crew program. Starliner even did attempt
             | an autonomous docking to the station.
             | 
             | The issue is that of fault handling. If the software
             | detects a malfunction when a crew is onboard, the best
             | option is to switch to manual control. But if a crew is not
             | onboard, the craft should handle the failure on its own in
             | the safest possible way.
             | 
             | So, what happened is that they loaded in software which
             | expects the crew to be available. Now, obviously with
             | thruster malfunctions already happening, they can't assume
             | that a fault won't be detected after undocking, so they
             | have to switch the software over to the configuration where
             | it can no longer rely on the crew as a fallback.
        
               | pennomi wrote:
               | Right, but "switch the configuration" isn't trivial,
               | they're estimating something like 4+ weeks of work. IIRC
               | it's essentially equivalent to reflashing the whole thing
               | and revalidating the install was correct.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | I agree, what I'm trying to emphasize is that the current
               | software is able to undock autonomously, it isn't able to
               | handle failures autonomously. Many people seem to be
               | thinking that Starliner had been capable of autonomous
               | docking/undocking and the functionality had been removed
               | for seemingly no legitimate reason. But, if we understand
               | that autonomous undocking is present, but autonomous
               | error handling is not, the engineering reason becomes
               | obvious, that when you have a crew available, they're the
               | better option for error handling than the software.
               | 
               | I'm not trying to make the excuse that's going around
               | about how they don't need to change the software, just
               | the configuration. It's absurd that they need 4 weeks for
               | this change when switching from manual to automatic fault
               | handling should be a basic safety contingency (it'd be
               | necessary if the crew had become incapacitated for any
               | reason).
        
           | jwineinger wrote:
           | I wonder if the astronauts themselves get some say in this.
           | What if they decide, since it is their lives, that they're
           | not getting into the starliner, even if NASA decides the risk
           | is acceptable?
        
             | khuey wrote:
             | At the end of the day NASA administrators can't actually
             | force the astronauts into Starliner. Clearly they get some
             | say in it if they're willing to push hard enough.
        
               | dave78 wrote:
               | I'm sure if they have opinions they would share them with
               | NASA and probably their families, and of course if it
               | comes out that NASA ignored their concerns and they
               | perished that would be pretty bad.
               | 
               | However, I imagine that part of becoming an astronaut
               | means that you really have to get comfortable with
               | trusting others to make critical, ultimately life-
               | affecting decisions on your behalf all the time. So
               | perhaps their mindset is more of "we trust that all the
               | smart people on the ground are doing their best to make
               | the safest decision for us, and we'll go with what you
               | say".
               | 
               | If I were one of them stuck up there, though, I'd
               | probably want to get on a video call with the Boeing
               | engineers and look them in the eyes, show them pictures
               | of my family, and ask if they are confident their vehicle
               | will bring me home safely.
        
           | gonzo41 wrote:
           | NASA just letting everyone get used to the idea before they
           | formally commit to it.
           | 
           | If they are doing comms like that, it's telling, they need to
           | cut it out and focus on their real issues.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | NASA's real issue is, and has been for decades, not getting
             | their funding taken away. Not embarrassing themselves is a
             | big part of that.
        
               | tomohawk wrote:
               | NASA chose to give 2/3rds of the funding to ULA, and
               | seemed pretty reluctant to include SpaceX - it seemed
               | like they were forced to at the time.
               | 
               | They mismanaged the space shuttle, racking up huge costs
               | on a vehicle that put people's lives at risk, while lying
               | to congress and everyone else about how reliable it was.
               | Feynman's report is a good read. Here's an HN thread.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10989483
        
           | greenavocado wrote:
           | Unfortunately, a couple astronauts dying isn't an existential
           | crisis for NASA, especially considering their incompetence in
           | the years after the WW2 German rocket scientists died off.
        
           | actinium226 wrote:
           | The people making this decision are not 5 year olds. They're
           | not "letting everyone get used to the idea." That may be a
           | nice side benefit of their decision process but the driver is
           | crew safety and data on thruster performance. If they find a
           | rationale for the failures that makes them confident in
           | Starliner they'll use it. That's what the delay is about, not
           | "letting everyone get used to the idea."
        
             | mattw2121 wrote:
             | They may not be 5 year olds, but they understand the
             | general public are 5 year olds and may be setting a message
             | to account for that.
        
               | actinium226 wrote:
               | They don't answer to the general public.
        
             | WaitWaitWha wrote:
             | I want to agree, alas cannot.
             | 
             | I would like to believe you, unfortunately previous events
             | show that decisions are not driven primarily by crew safety
             | and data on thruster performance. Politics plays heavily in
             | most decisions.
             | 
             | (e.g., the Shuttle was sold to Congress as a multipurpose
             | vehicle that could support military, scientific, and
             | commercial missions. However, the need to gain political
             | support led to compromises in its design, particularly the
             | decision to make it a reusable vehicle with an orbiter that
             | could carry large payloads, which led to safety issues. The
             | political drive for cost-effectiveness also led to the
             | program being underfunded, contributing to the Challenger
             | disaster in 1986.
             | 
             | The 'Journey to Mars' program was designed to sustain
             | NASA's long-term goals but lacked a clear timeline, partly
             | due to political hesitance to commit to a specific date or
             | strategy that might not align with subsequent
             | administrations' priorities. The program was influenced by
             | political leaders' desires to show progress in space
             | exploration while avoiding the high costs and risks
             | associated with a definitive Mars mission plan.)
        
             | svnt wrote:
             | In PR terms they are managing the Overton window. As a
             | strategy it is sometimes called gradualism or
             | incrementalism.
             | 
             | Five-year-olds do not use this technique, they do what they
             | want when they want to with no regard for their public
             | image, which is what you are stating NASA will do.
        
           | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
           | > NASA just letting everyone get used to the idea before they
           | formally commit to it
           | 
           | Or NASA caving to outside pressure to look, relook, and look
           | once more for _any_ possible way to make a Starliner return
           | possible. Likely the same pressure that called for Starliner
           | in the first place.
        
         | throwawayffffas wrote:
         | There is no tradeoff. NASA has no horse in the race. Starliner
         | is made by Boeing. Both Boeing and SpaceX are NASA contractors.
        
           | trentnix wrote:
           | I'm guessing Boeing, even if it's just by virtue of having
           | been around so much longer than SpaceX, has greased a lot
           | more pockets than SpaceX. Consequently, while NASA has no
           | horse in the race, I'm guessing plenty of well connected
           | people in and around NASA have a horse in the race.
        
           | stainablesteel wrote:
           | the horse they have in the race are their 2 stranded
           | astronauts
           | 
           | and to be honest, if spacex had made the shuttle that was
           | assigned to boeing they would probably have made it work. no
           | plan survives contact with the enemy and no engineering
           | design survives its own prototype. the people working at
           | these companies and managing the teams is what made the
           | difference, not nasa's original design
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > In a past world this would have been seen as a the shame with
         | the fact in which vessel the crew returned, being a just a
         | minor sidenote.
         | 
         | I find it odd to shame NASA for what is a Boeing failure. They
         | hired Boeing to ferry people to the ISS and back. Boeing built
         | a spacecraft that broke down and is considered too dangerous to
         | carry people on the return leg.
         | 
         | Why are we blaming NASA here?
        
           | imglorp wrote:
           | NASA is to blame for their part as responsible steward of
           | public funds. The agency has bent over backwards, to a fault,
           | to hand a contractor a cherry deal, papered over quality
           | issues, performed dubious acceptance testing, made them look
           | good for PR spinning all the failures, all while paying
           | double vs the other (successful) vendor.
           | 
           | All government procurement is fraught with industry and
           | political pressure which looks like it happened here, yet
           | again.
           | 
           | Lest it looks like a one time thing, have a look at the OIG
           | report about the SLS program perforance from Boeing, in a
           | disastrous condition.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | The thing about reality is that it always exposes PR spin,
             | cheating, and fraud, eventually. Often disastrously. A
             | lesson that seems difficult to learn, for some reason.
        
             | Analemma_ wrote:
             | All this is true, but NASA at least deserves some credit
             | for finally moving to fixed-price contracts instead of just
             | shoveling endless dollars at their contractors for nothing
             | to get done. The fact that Boeing is so dysfunctional that
             | they can't deliver anything on fixed-price contracts is
             | their fault, not NASA's, and they will have to either shape
             | up or exit the sector.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | _The agency has bent over backwards, to a fault, to hand a
             | contractor a cherry deal, papered over quality issues,
             | performed dubious acceptance testing, made them look good
             | for PR spinning all the failures, all while paying double
             | vs the other (successful) vendor._
             | 
             | Yes, we know NASA has been propping up SpaceX, but how does
             | that relate to Boeing?
             | 
             | Oh wait, NASA has been doing the same thing with Boeing
             | that is has been doing with SpaceX? Giving both companies
             | the opportunity to redeem themselves from (sometimes
             | explosive) unexplained errors while paying them hundreds of
             | millions of taxpayer dollars to do all of it? It's almost
             | as if NASA is trying to create a launch _industry_ instead
             | of a launch monopoly controlled by an erratic individual
             | who has no issues with just randomly blowing stuff up
             | because he feels like it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _NASA has been doing the same thing with Boeing that is
               | has been doing with SpaceX_
               | 
               | No.
               | 
               | SpaceX delivered. And SpaceX hasn't been called out in a
               | NASA OIG report as having mismanaged a critical programme
               | (SLS Block 1B) [1].
               | 
               | > _as if NASA is trying to create a launch industry
               | instead of a launch monopoly_
               | 
               | Boeing brings nothing to the table in launch
               | diversification. Crewliner isn't a launch programme. It
               | is currently _the_ stupidest aerospace programme on the
               | planet, and that would still be true if it actually
               | worked. (Zero redundancy given its dependence on a
               | deprecated launch vehicle.)
               | 
               | [1] https://oig.nasa.gov/wp-
               | content/uploads/2024/08/ig-24-015.pd...
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | SpaceX delivered. Eventually.
               | 
               | Boeing will deliver. Eventually. They always do.
               | 
               |  _Boeing brings nothing to the table in launch
               | diversification. Crewliner isn't a launch programme. It
               | is currently the stupidest aerospace programme on the
               | planet, and that would still be true if it actually
               | worked._
               | 
               | Boeing provides a counterbalance to an Elon Musk
               | controlled SpaceX. If Elon were sane, this wouldn't be
               | necessary, but right now he's inflaming race riots in
               | Europe.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _SpaceX delivered. Eventually._
               | 
               | At half the cost, pretty much on time and without
               | stranding a crew.
               | 
               | > _Boeing will deliver. Eventually. They always do_
               | 
               | With infinite time and resources anyone can.
               | 
               | As the OIG's report spells out, Boeing's mismanagement is
               | material and unusual. It's wild to ignore that to justify
               | a false equivalence.
               | 
               | > _Boeing provides a counterbalance to an Elon Musk
               | controlled SpaceX_
               | 
               | In the way a rubber duck counterbalances a battleship.
               | 
               | There is nothing Boeing is working on that challenges
               | SpaceX launch monopoly. Starliner doesn't challenge
               | Dragon's monopoly because it only has seven launches left
               | in its lifecycle. (Again, I'm ignoring that it does not
               | work.)
               | 
               | I'm not arguing we go all in on SpaceX. I'm saying we
               | need a second space provider, and Boeing isn't it.
               | Continuing to bet on Boeing cements SpaceX's lead.
        
               | ru552 wrote:
               | He's probably talkin about how Boeing is multiple years
               | late and still has a shoddy product.
        
               | imglorp wrote:
               | I don't understand the venom here. SpaceX bids on
               | contracts, does the job, and goes home, no drama. Most
               | recently, they split a bunch of contract wins with ULA.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | > All government procurement is fraught with industry and
             | political pressure which looks like it happened here, yet
             | again.
             | 
             | In an ideal world, NASA would be immune from political
             | pressures the same way the military, which are equally
             | ineffective, seem to be.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Surely, the answer to your question is right there in your
           | comment.
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | They also may have to consider for all of the issues that
         | Starliner might have the only way to have competition in the
         | space is to have more than one company that can create
         | spacecraft. But, I agree that this debacle never made any sense
         | and it started to be obvious to have to use another service .
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | It's NASA's call, not Boeing's, and what'd make NASA look bad
         | is getting the astronauts killed.
         | 
         | NASA have dual launch providers for a reason, and now is the
         | time to take advantage of it.
         | 
         | I'd be amazed if these guys don't come back on Dragon. What's
         | the benefit to NASA on having them coming back on Starliner if
         | the risk level is seen as higher?!
        
           | bunderbunder wrote:
           | Although, second order effects: if they use the 2nd launch
           | provider option now, that might bring about an immediate and
           | permanent end to the 2nd launch provider option.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | I don't see that. From NASA's POV, they'll want to keep the
             | dual provider setup, and the government doesn't generally
             | seem too happy on having to rely on Musk for more than it
             | "has" to.
             | 
             | I'd like to see the day where Blue Origin replaces Boeing
             | as 2nd provider though.
        
             | guhidalg wrote:
             | Government spending is just about jobs right? Don't you get
             | more jobs if you give money to many different companies
             | instead of one company?
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | It's not really that costly or inconvenient to extend their
         | stay on ISS compared to Skylab though. With Skylab 4 you had to
         | somehow figure out how to support food and water for half-again
         | as many astronaut-days as planned but ISS has routine supply
         | ships and a big enough permanent crew that adding two extra
         | people isn't a strain. From the perspective of ISS operations,
         | having an extra two crew members more than you planned also
         | means you can get more work done. And if you're one of the
         | astronauts, who has worked hard for the dream of going to
         | space, getting a bunch of extra space days is not exactly an
         | unwelcome surprise either. So not only is it not actually a big
         | deal to keep them on the ISS for longer, but I bet a few people
         | are happy to have an excuse to keep them there.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | In 1974 we were less used to the paradigm of giant companies
         | receiving twice their proposed budget and accomplishing nothing
         | with it.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Why don't they store a bunch of thrusters at the space station.
       | Sounds like a tool you want to have handy when up there.
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | In launches / outer space: The answer to any question "why
         | didn't they have X" is always weight.
        
           | jdblair wrote:
           | thrusters are also likely not a "field replaceable unit" in
           | current designs
        
             | bearjaws wrote:
             | That is a great point, I can't even imagine the headache to
             | design for that capability.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | But due to recent events we can all imagine the headache
               | to not have that capability ;)
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | The spacecraft's _already_ built with a (large) surplus
               | of thrusters--the extra thrusters are all right there,
               | pre-attached. It 's because of that safety margin that
               | NASA relaxed their requirements and launched with
               | thrusters exhibiting high failure rates in testing.
               | 
               | Redundancies don't help you if you have a safety culture
               | that treats redundancies as consumables. The more one
               | team widens a safety margin in one place, the more
               | another leans on that safety margin, and relaxes their
               | own.
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | I think you'll find that they have more thrusters on the
         | spacecraft that they actually need - they can control attitude
         | even if they lose one or more thrusters. So the possibility of
         | the failure of them is already in the design.
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | The fuel lines aren't plug-and-play rubber hoses--they're
         | cleanroom-welded exotic metals that pipe toxic, explosive fuels
         | that corrode (and can explode on contact with) most materials.
         | Remember the SpaceX Dragon craft that blew up on a test stand?
         | That was a failure of their analogous subsystem-hypergolic
         | oxidizer ignited a valve, which was machined from solid
         | titanium, and exploded.
         | 
         | https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-crew-dragon-explosion-titan...
         | ( _" SpaceX says Crew Dragon capsule exploded due to exotic
         | titanium fire"_)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20445725
         | 
         | I don't think it's practical to try to make this part user-
         | serviceable.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Just an aside, but im amazed they can even reliably pinpoint
           | the root cause for these explosions. How do they do this?
           | Some mixture of live sensor data and just general intuition
           | (oh the explosion started here and we know x is a limiting
           | factor, etc)?.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | They have a lot of sensors on everything, plus they'd be
             | filming from a lot of angles, and the additional benefit of
             | ground testing is that they can look at the debris. You can
             | piece together where the explosion happened based on the
             | charring and where the parts broke and how.
             | 
             | If I recall correctly, the Dragon explosion was especially
             | interesting because the reaction was previously unknown.
             | So, it wasn't just a design flaw that allowed NTO to leak
             | into a helium line, it was also a new discovery that
             | titanium can react with NTO under high pressure and ignite.
        
             | Intralexical wrote:
             | Four microphones will let you pinpoint the location of any
             | sound in a 3D volume.
             | 
             | I'm sure they have more sensors than that.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Can it fly back unmanned?
        
         | roelschroeven wrote:
         | Apparently, not in its current configuration. The previous,
         | unmanned, mission could do that (obviously), but Boeing changed
         | the configuration and now Starliner can only undock with people
         | inside of it (as far as I understand it, it can do everything
         | else unmanned).
         | 
         | Boeing can change the configuration, and I guess they're in the
         | process of doing so, but it takes four weeks to run all the
         | tests on that configuration and make sure everything works as
         | it should.
        
       | gangorgasm wrote:
       | Do we more or less know how many days worth of supplies they have
       | to keep both up there if needed?
        
         | smilespray wrote:
         | I don't know the specific answer, but I would double-check we
         | got the same number of astronauts back down as we sent up.
        
           | Bluestein wrote:
           | Totally on point.-
           | 
           | PS. There was a nice movie released 1979 about that :)
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | IIRC they usually keep an extra 3 months worth of supplies
         | available at the station, to allow for delays to resupply
         | missions. A resupply mission also arrived at the station
         | recently, which would have had additional supplies for them.
         | 
         | If they decide to go with the plan of sending a reduced crew in
         | Crew-9, they'll probably add extra supplies to that too. So,
         | supply wise there shouldn't be any concerns.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | > Do we more or less know how many days worth of supplies they
         | have to keep both up there if needed?
         | 
         | Not sure, but a Cygnus resupply mission (NG-21) launched on the
         | 4th of August, so I'm sure they have plenty of supplies.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | Supplies aren't an issue - they send up more every couple of
         | months, and just did so a week or two ago.
         | 
         | There is a slight inconvenience in that the ISS has 6 bedrooms
         | and 7 astronauts, so now one of them will be sleeping on the
         | couch for 8 months rather than 8 days.
        
           | gangorgasm wrote:
           | > sleeping on the couch for 8 months rather than 8 days.
           | 
           | Wonder what that actually translates to, in space
           | 
           | Is there an extra "guest" specially-adapted "zero gravity
           | sleeping bag" or such?
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | All I read was that the "couch" is a sleeping bag in the
             | Japanese module. I think the real sleeping quarters provide
             | privacy as well as strapping down the occupant as some
             | semblance of gravity.
        
       | farceSpherule wrote:
       | Hopefully NASA hubris does not kill more people like it did
       | during Challenger and Columbia.
        
       | mrcwinn wrote:
       | Given alternatives, if the risk cannot be quantified, the risk is
       | too high.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | And what's the actual cost here? Some productivity loss in the
         | ISS (2 less astronauts on the new rotation) and missed
         | opportunity for Boeing to save some face by bringing them back?
         | 
         | Boeing saving face is worth nothing. The productivity loss is
         | something, but nothing in comparison to stranding (or worse) 2
         | astronauts.
         | 
         | We should be re-framing this entire thing - what is the best
         | case scenario? The stranded astronauts return safely as soon as
         | possible. Do that however you can and be happy you don't
         | actualize some far worse reality. That is the real path to
         | Boeing saving some face.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | As for productivity, right now they have an extra couple
           | hands that are well experienced in ISS operations.
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | The only risk returning the capsule unmanned is to their
       | reputation. This is an easy decision.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | They are also worried that it can't actually return
         | autonomously, that it might fail to un-dock properly or that it
         | might crash into the ISS.
         | 
         | They have a lot to weigh up.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | What's wrong with just extending it to next year? Is ISS at
       | capacity? Money/budget issues? NASA reputation?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | ISS is at capacity. There are only two docking ports IIRC.
        
         | mdavidn wrote:
         | All docking ports at ISS are occupied, and the two additional
         | astronauts need to eat. The crew will need supplies before next
         | year.
        
       | humansareok1 wrote:
       | Why is NASA covering for Boeing? Jettison that shit and let it
       | crash into the ocean as a burnt hunk as their infinite hemming
       | and hawing indicates is apparently overwhelmingly likely to
       | happen.
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | Political reasons maybe. Both NASA and Boeing are effectively
         | arms of government.
        
           | TheBlight wrote:
           | My suspicion is this is also why they won't let SpaceX rescue
           | the crew prior to the election.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | Part of the problem is they don't know whether they _can_
         | jettison Starliner. The software that 's intended to undock
         | without crew aboard was removed.
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | Can you guarantee that hitting the "undock and re-enter" button
         | right now would result in Starliner safely leaving the ISS and
         | then clearing its orbit?
         | 
         | Even if that had an acceptable level of risk, that still leaves
         | two extra crew on the ISS with no seats home in case of an
         | emergency, and NASA's policy in recent years has been to always
         | have emergency return capacity for every crew member onboard.
         | 
         | I'm not saying there isn't a path forward that involves sending
         | Starliner back empty, there are just a lot of considerations
         | going into that decision right now.
        
         | plopz wrote:
         | They removed the autonomous flying part for this mission, so
         | they can't jettison it without a human inside. They are
         | supposedly working on adding that feature back in. It also
         | cannot be attached to the canada arm so they can't even clear
         | it away from the port its using.
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | At some level by covering or Boeing they are covering for
         | themselves. They were the ones putting the astronauts on it,
         | after all.
         | 
         | But there is another level: there some kind of a background
         | hate directed toward Musk and Space X. Someone in government
         | agencies is asking themselves, how could we put some sticks in
         | Musk's spokes? Some ask him to kidnap seals and put headphones
         | on their heads [1] or calculate what's the chance his rockets
         | would hit whales in the Pacific Ocean [2]. So it's not that
         | they particularly love Boeing that much, but if Boeing's
         | success makes Musk's company look worse, fine, then they'll
         | support Boeing.
         | 
         | Imagine a scenario, for a moment, that the situation is
         | reversed. Space X is the capsule with the issue and Boeing is
         | the one with the cheaper and working version. There would be no
         | hesitation to pointing fingers and accusing Space X make a
         | large media stink about it instead of covering up.
         | 
         | [1] https://lexfridman.com/elon-musk-4-transcript/
         | 
         | > Whether the seals would be dismayed by the sonic booms. Now,
         | there've been a lot of rockets launched out of Vandenberg and
         | the seal population has steadily increased. So if anything,
         | rocket booms are an aphrodisiac, based on the evidence, if you
         | were to correlate rocket launches with seal population.
         | Nonetheless, we were forced to kidnap a seal, strap it to a
         | board, put headphones on the seal and play sonic boom sounds to
         | it to see if it would be distressed. This is an actual thing
         | that happened. This is actually real. I have pictures.
         | 
         | [2] https://lexfridman.com/elon-musk-4-transcript/
         | 
         | > Now, again, you look the surface, look at the Pacific and say
         | what percentage of the Pacific consists of whale? I could give
         | you a big picture and point out all the whales in this picture.
         | I'm like, I don't see any whales. It's basically 0%, and if our
         | rocket does hit a whale, which is extremely unlikely beyond all
         | belief, fate had it, that's a whale has some seriously bad
         | luck, least lucky whale ever.
         | 
         | Just to make it clear, I don't like Musk, I don't have any
         | stock in his companies, and don't buy his cars or use
         | twitter/X. But it's still interesting to observe this effect of
         | cover up and strange push against Musk.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | It's also strange that ULA continues to get more rocket
           | launch contracts from the US military despite SpaceX charging
           | less money.
        
         | AmVess wrote:
         | The whole thing speaks to complete mismanagement on every
         | level. That they still haven't made any kind of decision 3
         | months in is absolutely laughable.
         | 
         | Now they are saying the astronauts could be up there until
         | MARCH. They miscalculated by EIGHT MONTHS. These people are
         | complete clowns.
         | 
         | Dump that pile of junk, cancel the program, and fire all the
         | managers involved in this cosmic fiasco.
        
       | double0jimb0 wrote:
       | Didn't read, you don't have to based on headline.
       | 
       | They still don't know root cause(s). That's real bad Frank.
        
       | firesteelrain wrote:
       | As a big SpaceX fan, I appreciate the innovation and success that
       | SpaceX has brought to space exploration. However, it's crucial
       | that we have multiple reliable launch and crew providers to
       | ensure the safety and sustainability of space missions. While
       | SpaceX has been a game-changer, relying solely on one provider is
       | risky. The ongoing issues with Boeing's Starliner highlight the
       | importance of diversity in our space program. We need to support
       | and develop multiple providers to maintain a robust and secure
       | presence in space.
        
         | bgirard wrote:
         | > However, it's crucial that we have multiple reliable launch
         | and crew providers to ensure the safety and sustainability of
         | space missions.
         | 
         | The keyword here is reliable and I would add the word
         | competitive. Having an expensive, late, unreliable provider may
         | in fact be a net negative. I think Starliner in it's current
         | form isn't helping the industry. I hope they get their act
         | together, or that we fund a reliable and competitive
         | alternative to SpaceX.
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | IMHO, Starliner is too big of an MVP
        
             | windexh8er wrote:
             | That's because Starliner isn't an MVP. It's a vehicle
             | designed to transport humans. You don't send humans to
             | space in an MVP.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | To be clear, you can have multiple and iterative MVPs
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Then at least one of them isn't M or at least one of them
               | isn't V.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Min Viable .. sure you can do that. I guess I am thinking
               | of a different definition than you of viable
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I'm saying that if you do multiple MVPs, then at least
               | one of them isn't Minimum or one of them isn't Viable.
        
               | flamedoge wrote:
               | so whats it good for. sending monkeys?
        
               | ajcp wrote:
               | > That's because Starliner isn't an MVP.
               | 
               | > You don't send humans to space in an MVP.
               | 
               | You are technically correct given that minimum viability
               | for Starliner is sending humans to space AND returning
               | them to earth.
               | 
               | At this point I'm not sure anyone at NASA would agree
               | that Starliner should have been used to send humans to
               | space even.
        
               | chrsig wrote:
               | I mean, I wish that didn't need to be said, but after the
               | whole submarine-controlled-by-an-xbox-going-to-the-
               | titantic thing, who am I to say what bucket of bolts
               | people might jump into entirely on their own accord
        
               | michaelcampbell wrote:
               | So what do you call and MVP of transporting humans?
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | The ability to return, alive.
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > IMHO, Starliner is too big of an MVP
             | 
             | Maybe.
             | 
             | But it's a lot simpler than NASA's previous vehicle, the
             | Shuttle.
             | 
             | If you read the selection statement[1], it seems clear in
             | retrospect that NASA put too much weight on Boeing's
             | Shuttle experience (via Rockwell), and not enough emphasis
             | on SpaceX's Dragon 1 experience. But I think, at the time,
             | it was difficult to know which factor was more important.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | 1. https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cctcap-
             | sourc...
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> IMHO, Starliner is too big of an MVP
             | 
             | Keep in mind that Starliner is NOT the entire launch
             | system. It is only the crew capsule. It rides on top of an
             | existing rocket. The same is true of SpaceX Dragon which
             | rides on top of Falcon 9 that already existed.
             | 
             | To your point, Starliner could have started as cargo-only
             | to prove out as much as possible. That's what Dragon did.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | A cargo-only starliner still would have suffered the same
               | problem and had the same risk of ramming the station.
        
               | jfoster wrote:
               | Seems like it would be best to test approaching an
               | imaginary or decoy space station when proving a new
               | vehicle.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Or before trying to do it all including a bellyflop
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | That test was scraped as a cost saving measure. 2016 or
               | 2018 if I recall correctly, after it had been delayed
               | several times.
        
           | option wrote:
           | Yes, we need multiple providers and the proper way to do that
           | is not by bailing out poor designs by incumbents. Instead, we
           | should be setting lucrative incentives for new entrants.
        
         | zhaphod wrote:
         | Given how vehemently the Senators were in forcing NASA to
         | create a second award for HLS, I wonder why there is no backup
         | for SLS+Orion.
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | Starliner /could/ be a backup however it does not have those
           | Moon requirements
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Starliner is a completely different vehicle designed for
             | completely different requirements. The only thing that they
             | have in common is that they can both operate in a vacuum.
             | 
             | That's like saying that a motorcycle could replace a semi,
             | because both have wheels and a motor.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Yeah, Orion is a huge bottleneck to future moon missions,
           | because it is the only way to get off the moon back to earth.
           | Everything else has multiple solutions. The entire idea
           | behind the lunar gateway was to make it possible for CLPS
           | companies to reach NRHO with underpowered rockets instead of
           | only a hypothetical launch vehicle such as the lunar
           | Starship, which does not even exist as of today.
           | 
           | Lockheed Martin is building a cislunar transporter for
           | getting fuel to NRHO. What is needed is a cislunar crew
           | transporter in addition to the fuel transporter.
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | I am not a fan of big SpaceX. I find it wanting. The tech is
         | just not what makes you write letters home to mama. More like
         | make you meh. Issue being regulalarization from the government.
         | 
         | It's the USA and DODA that want to be big mama. Their are
         | billiance in the mind, amoung the cubes at places like SpaceX.
         | They just get there pats on the head and go about there day
         | being good boys. Big boy made a poopy.
         | 
         | At the ends of our day we have to sit down and say: "SpaceX did
         | some things." "The things, those were big". We all say it.
         | Nearly every single day. Does this mean anything for us? Now
         | this is a question.
        
         | Jevon23 wrote:
         | ChatGPT comment?
        
           | maeil wrote:
           | It is, and I'm curious what dang and HN's plan is wrt this
           | issue going forward. On one hand, the "assume good faith" has
           | been a core tenet of this community. At the same time, LLM-
           | generated walls of text aren't good faith. And they're not
           | going to get less common from here on out.
           | 
           | I'm also surprised by how many human replies these comments
           | get, seemingly unaware what they're responding to, given that
           | it's HN and how long it's been since the release of GPT-3, I
           | thought a larger percentage of readers would notice.
        
             | coldpie wrote:
             | >> ChatGPT comment?
             | 
             | > It is
             | 
             | What? Huh? How did you determine this?
        
               | iwontberude wrote:
               | It's truly a rorschach test of sorts. I agree with you
               | that there isn't enough information to say, but reading
               | through the comment history of the commenter in question
               | does not make it seem more likely that they are GPT.
               | Reminds me of Fallout 4 with everyone suspicious of each
               | other being synths.
        
         | 1-6 wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the demand for space missions is tough to
         | justify starting a new company with that goal in mind. It will
         | require heavy government funding to make it sustainable.
         | 
         | And to your comment about SpaceX, this is a Boeing problem and
         | you're just throwing SpaceX under the bus for the other
         | company's troubles. SpaceX is the alternative provider. How
         | many more do you think is feasible?
        
           | travisporter wrote:
           | I didn't read the parent comment that way, who did give due
           | deference to spacex. This is hard stuff, as I was reminded
           | when the dragon capsule exploded during very early testing.
           | But spacex is such a beast that it overcame that ridiculously
           | fast.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | >> this is a Boeing problem and you're just throwing SpaceX
           | under the bus for the other company's troubles.
           | 
           | That is what happens. If a company wants to play in this sort
           | of arena, it will not be treated "fairly" and will suffer for
           | the mistakes of others. In a narrow two-company industry, the
           | mistakes of either party will always impact the industry as a
           | whole.
           | 
           | Think of that company that lost a submersible at the Titanic.
           | Undersea tourism is also very narrow industry. All companies
           | involved are dealing with the repercussions of that accident
           | from diminished demand to potentially stricter regulations,
           | not to mention increased insurance costs. That isn't fair,
           | but that is how such industries work.
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | I am not throwing SpaceX under the bus. I am saying that we
           | can't rely only on SpaceX. We need to fix Boeing or fund
           | another provider.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Give Dream Chaser another chance. It is already going to be
             | necessary as an escape pod for large commercial space
             | stations. If it does double duty as capsule backup, it will
             | achieve greater amortization.
        
         | xcv123 wrote:
         | Did you copy and paste this from ChatGPT?
         | 
         | Edit: Low IQ downvoters are too stupid to recognise obvious
         | ChatGPT replies. I checked his comment history and found that
         | he uses ChatGPT here regularly
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41274200
        
           | michaelcampbell wrote:
           | > Low IQ downvoters
           | 
           | This is not necessary.
        
         | dev1ycan wrote:
         | "We need to support and develop multiple providers to maintain
         | a robust and secure presence in space"
         | 
         | ~by feeding boeing even more government cash and looking the
         | other way when they get "rid" of whistleblowers, yeah.
        
       | GMoromisato wrote:
       | I wonder sometimes whether NASA should lean into the high risk of
       | spaceflight instead of trying to minimize it. If they could get
       | the public to pay attention, their budgets would go up.
       | Highlighting the risk--without exaggerating--would be a good way
       | to get people to care. People love (maybe even crave) drama.
       | 
       | Astronauts accept an amazing amount of risk, even when using
       | proven systems like Soyuz or Dragon. ISS is one unlucky
       | micrometeoroid strike away from total catastrophe. And yet
       | hundreds of astronaut candidates are jostling with each other
       | (another great drama) to be next on the rocket.
       | 
       | Even uncrewed missions are filled with drama. Imagine devoting 20
       | years of your scientific career on a probe to Mars and having it
       | blow up on take-off or smash into the Martian surface--so close,
       | and yet so utterly useless.
       | 
       | I think NASA fears that highlighting risk leads to bad press.
       | NASA doesn't want headlines like, "NASA ignores safety concerns--
       | story at 11". But ironically, when NASA minimizes risk, they
       | lower the threshold for how much risk the public will accept. The
       | more they minimize risk, the less risk the public will let them
       | take.
       | 
       | I don't have any good suggestions, though. Highlighting risk
       | inevitably invites the question of "why are we taking the risk at
       | all?" And that's also a hard conversation.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | The ISS can tank micrometeorites just fine. They could put a
         | hole straight through the ISS but the station is only
         | pressurized to one atmosphere; the leak would be slow and easy
         | to patch. It wouldn't even be the first time they had a leak..
        
           | GMoromisato wrote:
           | I assume that depends on the size of the micrometeoroid.
           | Though I suppose any meteoroid large enough to destroy ISS
           | would not be "micro". But maybe not.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Why doesn't that trigger explosive decompression? Just
           | because it's so small?
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | You easily fire several bullets into the skin of a typical
             | airline fuselage and have no problems beyond air getting
             | out. Explosive decompression requires much higher pressures
             | or sufficiently weak materials. One atmosphere is not much
             | of a difference. The only real danger is
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_hammer which scales
             | with volume of air escaping.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Is explosive decompression of a human occupied area of a
               | space ship ever actually a concern then? Seems like the
               | pressure difference could only ever be 1
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > I think NASA fears that highlighting risk leads to bad press.
         | NASA doesn't want headlines like, "NASA ignores safety concerns
         | --story at 11". But ironically, when NASA minimizes risk, they
         | lower the threshold for how much risk the public will accept.
         | The more they minimize risk, the less risk the public will let
         | them take.
         | 
         | > I don't have any good suggestions, though. Highlighting risk
         | inevitably invites the question of "why are we taking the risk
         | at all?" And that's also a hard conversation.
         | 
         | I think it's fine for NASA to take risks doing truly _new_
         | things, and even then it should do everything reasonable to
         | minimize those risks (e.g. extensive testing, validation, and
         | good engineering). But launching a space capsule and returning
         | it to Earth with its crew alive? That 's _not_ a new thing.
         | 
         | Also, it's _film at 11_ ~not news at 11~ (jokes from when
         | people understood the idiom:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbjZEoXQjCM).
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | I don't think you're right about the idiom _being wrong_. I
           | 've always read and heard "news at 11".
           | 
           | > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_at_11
           | 
           | > "Film at 11", "Pictures at 11" or "News at 11" is a US
           | idiom from television news broadcasting, in which viewers are
           | informed that footage of a breaking news story will be
           | screened later that day. The word "film" in the phrase dates
           | back to the early decades of TV news when footage was
           | regularly recorded on film.
           | 
           | Film, here, seems especially dated. Sometimes anachronistic
           | idioms get modernized rather than remaining static.
           | 
           | What's particularly interesting is that idiom is not just
           | anachronistic, but that it's been through several
           | evolutionary obsolescences: film -> tape -> digital ->
           | internet / social / streaming / VOD.
        
             | tivert wrote:
             | > Film, here, seems especially dated. Sometimes
             | anachronistic idioms get modernized rather than remaining
             | static.
             | 
             | I don't think that's a modernization, it's a
             | misunderstanding. The idiom makes no sense as "news at 11"
             | (though the "story at 11" from the op does make some
             | sense), since to even deploy it idiom, _you must have
             | already given the news_.
             | 
             | I feel like "news at 11" is a case where an idom is twisted
             | when it's not understood to try to make sense of it.
             | There's probably a name for this linguistic phenomenon.
        
               | mrWiz wrote:
               | I always understood "news at 11" to mean that a fuller
               | report of the event that was just briefly introduced
               | would be provided at 11.
        
               | tivert wrote:
               | > I always understood "news at 11" to mean that a fuller
               | report of the event that was just briefly introduced
               | would be provided at 11.
               | 
               | That feels like a retcon, for lack of a better word. I'd
               | like to see a clip of "news at 11" being used that way by
               | an anchor in a news broadcast (especially pre-1980).
               | 
               | Edit: I think the term that covers what I'm talking about
               | is folk etymology:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_etymology:
               | 
               | > Folk etymology - also known as (generative) popular
               | etymology,[1] analogical reformation, (morphological)
               | reanalysis and etymological reinterpretation[2] - is a
               | change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement
               | of an unfamiliar form by a more familiar one through
               | popular usage.[3][4][5] The form or the meaning of an
               | archaic, foreign, or otherwise unfamiliar word is
               | reinterpreted as resembling more familiar words or
               | morphemes.
               | 
               | My theory is that:
               | 
               | 1) Delayed available of footage due to film technology
               | created the "film at 11" idiom, which became so
               | ubiquitous it was the basis of jokes.
               | 
               | 2) "The phrase was used in many TV shows and movies from
               | the 1960s through the 1980s."
               | 
               | 3) Film was replaced by video at some point prior to 1980
               | (guess). The idiom ceased being used in news broadcasts,
               | and became unmoored from its foundations but continued to
               | drift around in popular culture.
               | 
               | 4) People ignorant of the origin use "folk etymology" to
               | mis-correct/twist "film at 11" to "news at 11," which
               | fits the pop culture formula.
               | 
               | 5) "News at 11" gets repeated all over the internet all
               | the time.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | It's an incredibly new thing. The total number of manned
           | space launches ever is less than the number of commercial
           | flights that take off in 15 minutes.
        
             | admax88qqq wrote:
             | It's not new. It's _infrequent_ but not new.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | It might backfire. Manned space missions are risky and
         | expensive, and the interesting discoveries seem to be coming
         | from unmanned missions. Are there enough microgravity
         | experiments left to justify the risk and expense of the ISS?
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | > It might backfire. Manned space missions are risky and
           | expensive, and the interesting discoveries seem to be coming
           | from unmanned missions. Are there enough microgravity
           | experiments left to justify the risk and expense of the ISS?
           | 
           | I think NASA loses the funding game if they try to justify
           | themselves based purely on "interesting [scientific]
           | discoveries."
        
             | GMoromisato wrote:
             | I agree. I would rather expand the discussion on benefits
             | so that we see that the risk is worth it. I just don't know
             | how to do it.
             | 
             | But I think we need professional storytellers and
             | dramatists to tell the story of space exploration in order
             | to really sell the benefits. After all, we enthusiasts love
             | space exploration not because it will lead to zero-G
             | medicines, but because exploring space is freaking cool.
             | 
             | We need to tell an emotional story, and emotional stories
             | have risk and conflict (even if it is conflict with
             | physics).
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | High and low are quantifiable risks. Starliner risk is a divide
         | by zero error NaN instead of a value.
         | 
         |  _. . . as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we
         | know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to
         | say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are
         | also unknown unknowns--the ones we don 't know we don't know._
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | NASA incidents that result in loss of life tend to result in
         | public congressional inquiries. See Apollo 1, Challenger, and
         | Columbia.
         | 
         | Considering NASA's budget and project list are at the whim of
         | Congress, making the US government look bad is something they
         | select against.
        
           | GMoromisato wrote:
           | Agreed--my suggestion isn't to take more risk, but to
           | highlight the current very high risk that NASA is already
           | taking. Both Starliner and Dragon have a loss-of-crew risk of
           | at least 1 in 500. That is unbelievably high, and I think
           | NASA could drive interest in the space program if they
           | (appropriately) highlighted that risk.
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | NASA is a fundamentally political organization. Given that it's
         | political the risk isn't worth it. Risk only happened early in
         | NASA's history (Apollo) because the alternative geopolitical
         | risk (Soviets landing humans on the moon) was so much higher.
         | Once that driving force was gone there was no longer an
         | appetite for risk.
         | 
         | And even look today, look at the relatively small risks (minor
         | environmental rule edge skirting) SpaceX takes with unmanned
         | test vehicles (Starship) and how much they're completely and
         | constantly raked over the coals for it. The media in the modern
         | era only knows how to attack and criticize.
        
           | jfoster wrote:
           | Imagine the alternate reality where the media is getting
           | excited about new ventures and celebrating successes. Wish we
           | lived in that world.
        
       | 00_hum wrote:
       | its amazing how long the corruption festered before planes
       | started falling out of the sky.
        
       | resource_waste wrote:
       | We've seen Elon's companies are more than okay with cutting
       | corners as long as marketing optics look good.
       | 
       | Not saying Boeing is any better, but the culture at his companies
       | seems to be: "Fast dev and fake high quality. Hype it up."
        
         | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
         | This article is about Starliner. Why are you bringing up Musk?
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | It's hard enough to get to space even after checking everything
       | twice, now you need to do it on a damaged craft in reverse and
       | you can't check
        
       | bamboozled wrote:
       | How did this thing get into space with people in it?
        
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