[HN Gopher] UK launches its first Earth-imaging military satellite
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       UK launches its first Earth-imaging military satellite
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2024-08-18 09:17 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | > The first signals from Tyche were received a few hours after
       | lift-off on Friday night, confirming the successful launch from
       | Vandenberg space force base, in California, on a SpaceX Falcon 9
       | rocket as part of the Transporter-11 mission.
       | 
       | And this particular launch carried 116 satellites:
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/videos/cvg495lr8pjo
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | This is what it looks like:
         | 
         | https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQGbFrotEJ8sDA/fee...
        
           | Luc wrote:
           | Tyche is the cube on the bottom left, facing away from the
           | camera.
           | 
           | The odd-looking satellite on the top right is blurred, I
           | wonder what it is.
        
             | buildbot wrote:
             | In jest, the orange tank like thing attached to that
             | satellite looks sorta like a stargate ZPM haha.
        
             | icegreentea2 wrote:
             | Some folks at the NASA space flight forum have it pegged as
             | Acadia-5.
             | 
             | https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=58043.msg
             | 2...
             | 
             | Acadia-5 is a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) earth
             | observation satellite operated by Capella Space. The orange
             | bundle would be the radar antenna all folded up (see render
             | in link below).
             | 
             | https://www.exolaunch.com/news_95.html
        
               | Luc wrote:
               | Thank you, that makes sense.
        
       | dhx wrote:
       | "It's designed to capture 5km-wide spot scenes on the ground and
       | have a best resolution of 90cm."[1]
       | 
       | Some sample ~90cm-ish imagery from Airbus Vision-1 (20km swath
       | 87cm resolution) is available at [2].
       | 
       | It looks like it'd be used for knowing when a warship is in port
       | (but perhaps having to guess which one), or when a warship under
       | construction has been floated, or when a large military
       | construction project has started or completed, or when ground for
       | a new military forward operating base has been cleared, etc. Then
       | more expensive higher resolution imagery could be ordered if it
       | were worthwhile to do so.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1d77yq9zz2o
       | 
       | [2] https://intelligence.airbus.com/newsroom/satellite-image-
       | gal...
        
         | mjburgess wrote:
         | Do we have good reasons to suppose this isn't a lie?
         | 
         | Absent that, I would expect the 2-3x on what's made public.
        
           | throwaway290 wrote:
           | > Do we have good reasons to suppose this isn't a lie?
           | 
           | You got it backwards. This is not China. What are reason to
           | suppose it is a lie?
           | 
           | Edit: "it's defense related" could be a good reason I
           | suppose.
        
             | switch007 wrote:
             | Haha! UK governments are masters of paternalism and
             | misinformation. We are not starting from a base of
             | centuries of trustworthy governments who trust their
             | citizens with the truth.
             | 
             | And we parallel China in various ways.
             | 
             | Are you British/lived in UK most of your life?
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | Let's be clear, you are saying they lie more than 50% of
               | the time so whatever they say is a lie by default unless
               | there is "good reason to suppose" it isn't? (I guess
               | "they were elected" is not such reason)
               | 
               | If yes then I give up, have fun in Q land. If not then I
               | rest my case.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | About military satellites specifically? I'd say most
               | governments are lying about something about them just
               | about every time they mention them (possibly by omission)
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | Sweet innocent child
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Zircon passim, the UK security services have a specific
               | track record of secrecy about satellites.
        
             | Sirizarry wrote:
             | You believe your government? The track record on
             | transparency for most western governments has been so bad
             | the last 25+ years that trusting them is kinda psychotic
             | honestly
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | "Mother, should i run for president ? Mother should i
               | trust the government ?"
               | 
               | Pink Floyd
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zircon_affair
             | 
             | TLDR: GCHQ spend 500million on a satellite, and decide that
             | not only is it too secret for the BBC to talk about it's
             | too secret for Parliament to know about. Huge row ensues.
             | 
             | Matrix-Churchill:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Report a number of
             | people are given permission by the MOD to supply weapons to
             | Iraq. These are stopped by UK customs. In the subsequent
             | prosecution, those involved attempt to raise the permission
             | they were given .. but the government signs a number of
             | Public Interest Immunity Certificates, making it illegal to
             | mention that, including at their own criminal trial in
             | their defense.
             | 
             | Important information is still redacted by the D-Notice
             | system. The MOD have free reign to lie about things and
             | have people prosecuted for revealing the truth. There are a
             | few incidents where Americans and Brits on social media
             | have _radically_ different views on what happened because
             | of what is and is not legal to report.
             | 
             | There is a very long history of critical information on
             | weapons systems and capabilities being kept secret.
             | 
             | (Despite that, their Ukraine war briefings to the public
             | are pretty reliable)
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Wow I can imagine those people couldn't make that deal
               | public but why wasn't the prosecution of their case
               | simply blackholed? Weird.
        
               | semi-extrinsic wrote:
               | Wow, this is some next-level bullshit:
               | 
               | <<The Matrix-Churchill trial collapsed when former
               | minister Alan Clark admitted he had been "economical with
               | the _actualite_ ">>
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | The vendor tells us that Tyche is supposedly derived from
           | their existing carbonite satellites.
           | 
           | The carbonite product page broadly lines up with the claimed
           | specs (~5km swath, ~1m resolution). At the claimed orbit
           | (500km), a ~0.5m aperture (see "washing machine sized") is
           | diffraction limited at about 0.7m, so there doesn't appear to
           | be too too much wiggle room.
           | 
           | Side note - carbonite doesn't just do imagery - it does video
           | too (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sf_zd9MvW44).
           | 
           | https://www.sstl.co.uk/space-portfolio/missions-in-
           | build/202...
           | 
           | https://www.sstl.co.uk/getmedia/b38389d7-cb07-4308-944a-a916.
           | ..
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | The effective resolution is limited by the atmosphere as far
           | as I understand. Eddies etc.
           | 
           | Also this satellite was very cheap at 22 million, the US
           | cutting edge ones are rumoured to cost over a billion (and
           | they're much bigger than washing machine size). So I wouldn't
           | expect it to be a lot better than what's commercially
           | available.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | Why would you think it is a lie? Planet Labs' SkySat
           | satellites have been flying for a decade and have 30cm
           | resolution. The UK ones are based on existing Carbonite
           | satellite that do 90cm.
           | 
           | If anything, having only 90cm when could be better is the odd
           | thing.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | 90cm resolution is more than enough to identify a ship. There
         | arent manu military ships in this world. All appear in public
         | regularly . 90cm is enough to get overall hull dimensions and
         | thereby separate a ship from its neighbours in port. They dont
         | need to be read license plates. Ships are very big.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | 90cm would maybe be more susceptible to decoys (like the WWII
           | inflatable tanks but with ships?)
        
             | Sayrus wrote:
             | Decoys are harder to fake, for instance an inflatable tank
             | doesn't emit much infrared compared to a real tank. This
             | was not an issue for camera that only capture visible light
             | such as what was available in WWII or the naked eye.
        
               | cm2187 wrote:
               | Plus the ship can't appear suddenly in the middle of the
               | ocean. And where do you hide the original ship?
        
               | m4rtink wrote:
               | Well... https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNLMS_Abraham_Cri
               | jnssen_(193...
        
               | cm2187 wrote:
               | But my point is that when you have a satellite tracking a
               | slow moving ship every 3-4 hours, it's impossible to hide
               | it.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | It's easier in space because of no air resistance, but
               | stuff like mylar balloon/sheath decoys I think beats out
               | basically all missile defense. Aside from the infrared
               | stuff, inflatable ships not in port wouldn't leave an
               | actual wake of the right size etc. and might not be
               | viable.
        
           | dhx wrote:
           | Yes to 90cm being used for identifying the class of a ship.
           | But probably no for 90cm being used for identifying a
           | particular hull, which may only be determinable with higher
           | resolution imagery to confirm a hull-specific feature such as
           | an upgraded radar or gun.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | > The washing machine-sized satellite, was designed and built in
       | the UK under a PS22m contract awarded to Surrey Satellite
       | Technology Ltd (SSTL) and is the first to be fully owned by the
       | MoD.
       | 
       | Win for the UK satellite industry here. Also a win for NATO
       | capability that can operate independently of the US if needed.
        
         | Rinzler89 wrote:
         | I dunno much bout satellites but 22m for a new satellite
         | developed from scratch seem pretty cheap
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | Yes the US ones are supposedly over 1 billion each.
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | Vastly different kinds of satellites. The KH-11 satellites
             | weigh 17,000 kg, these weight 150kg. KH-11 has 2.4m mirror
             | and resolution of 6cm. The UK ones are resolution of 90cm.
             | 
             | Both kinds are useful, cause the UK ones are small and
             | cheap and good for general surveillance. While the big ones
             | are useful for detail. My feeling is that the US should
             | launch some small ones, but I think they buy that from
             | Planet Labs and others.
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | SSTL do amazingly good value space work.
        
       | mytailorisrich wrote:
       | Somewhat ironically, the BBC article illustrates the "similar
       | capability" with a picture taken by a commercial British
       | satellite launched in 2018 and built by the same private British
       | company.
       | 
       | So there is nothing ground breaking there in term of capability.
       | The point is just that this is apparently the first
       | reconnaissance satellite owned by the MoD, which probably means
       | much faster reaction times and more independence.
       | 
       | Interesting factoid:
       | 
       | " _One interesting feature is its propulsion system which
       | manoeuvres the satellite using water. The water goes through a
       | thruster that heats it up to make superheated steam. That 's how
       | we get thrust and do station-keeping," explained chief technology
       | officer Andrew Haslehurst._" [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1d77yq9zz2o
        
         | azornathogron wrote:
         | I wonder what delta-v they get and what the expected lifetime
         | of the satellite is.
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | The press release (as well as product sheet of the Carbonite
           | line that this is based on) say 5-7 years.
           | 
           | Resistor jet thrust and specific impulse is heavily
           | influenced by how much electric power you supply.
           | 
           | We don't know what performance specs for this satellite is,
           | but we can estimate using modules from this other company as
           | a stand in - their PBR-50 seems to be about the right size
           | for Tyche (100-200kg class). https://pale-
           | blue.co.jp/product/pbr-50/ and it claims 70s of specific
           | impulse. Using the 160kg mass from the BBC article and 10kg
           | of water as propellant, you'd get a delta-v of about 45.
        
             | azornathogron wrote:
             | Thank you!
             | 
             | (And I clearly should have read more carefully)
        
       | jolj wrote:
       | It sounds like extremely late to the game, we are talking about
       | 1960s tech.
       | 
       | Very surprising for a country as large as the UK, I can only
       | assume they used US satellites up until now, and started
       | designing their own due to Trump
        
         | 317070 wrote:
         | As a Brit, I reckon Brexit, and the restricted access to ESA
         | [0], are the far more reasonable explanations here...
         | 
         | [0] https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-involvement-in-the-eu-
         | space-p...
        
           | jolj wrote:
           | which one of these programs constitute of a military
           | reconnaissance satellite?
        
             | 317070 wrote:
             | None that I'm aware off.
        
               | jolj wrote:
               | so I assume Britain received its imaging intelligence
               | from the US as part of five eyes. or else I cannot
               | explain how a nuclear armed country has skipped over one
               | of the main prerequisite for missile targeting for 60
               | years
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | The British have had military satellites since Skynet 1A in
         | 1969 [0], although these historically supported comms rather
         | than ISR.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skynet_(satellite)
        
           | jolj wrote:
           | yes which only makes sense they were used to support five
           | eyes sigint and used US satellites for visint
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | Didn't 1960s-era spy satellites use physical rolls of film that
         | were dropped back to Earth and caught by planes or helicopters?
        
           | acheron wrote:
           | Yep! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CORONA_(satellite)
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | Yeah it was pretty insane, catching it mid flight. Really
             | cool. You can't make that stuff up.
             | 
             | Imagine tracking and catching something falling from space
             | using only 60s tracking tech. No GPS. Wow.
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | There's no way GPS is more useful than a radio signal
               | from the package.
        
       | 317070 wrote:
       | > It's designed to capture 5km-wide spot scenes on the ground and
       | have a best resolution of 90cm.
       | 
       | Does somebody here know the military logic behind making these
       | specifications public? I would imagine you don't want your
       | opponents to know how much you know?
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | Nothing outstanding with this spec (can buy the same from
         | commercial satellite imaging companies). So either they thought
         | it did not harm to publicise or the actual capability is better
         | than they tell us.
        
         | datahack wrote:
         | They can say whatever they want to my friend. It doesn't mean
         | it's the real spec.
        
         | gonzo41 wrote:
         | Public money paid for it and they have a right to know it does
         | at least something useful. Also it 90% can do a lot more than
         | that. It will probably have a higher resolution optic.
        
         | mshockwave wrote:
         | Because it's probably not the real number. The reason why they
         | wanted to release at least _some_ specs is probably because
         | congress / parliament
        
         | knallfrosch wrote:
         | There's no harm in making it public because the technical
         | capabilities itself are outdated. As stated in the article, the
         | news is that it's owned by the UK Ministry of Defense.
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | The title is misleading. SpaceX launched it. The title had me
       | wondering when the UK had suddenly developed a launcher.
        
         | asadhaider wrote:
         | We have one recently completed in the Shetland Islands, the
         | SaxaVord Spaceport [0], which has been given approval to do up
         | to 30 launches a year. The UK spaceport guide [2] has more
         | details and a few more planned launch sites.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-
         | she... [1]
         | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/643e6a4222ef3...
        
           | _xerces_ wrote:
           | That isn't a launcher, just a launchpad.
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Virgin Orbit has unsuccessfully tried to launch satellites from
         | the UK [1], so I thought it might have been that, but it turns
         | out they went out of business a couple of months later [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64218883
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Orbit
        
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