[HN Gopher] Games People Play with Cash Flow (2020)
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       Games People Play with Cash Flow (2020)
        
       Author : simonebrunozzi
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2024-08-16 07:03 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (commoncog.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (commoncog.com)
        
       | bruce511 wrote:
       | >> If you start from a wrong set of axioms, you would eventually
       | end up with a flawed conclusion.
       | 
       | While cash flow comes into it, I think the primary axiom which is
       | different (between VC and bootstrap) is the definition of
       | success.
       | 
       | A bootstrap company is successful if it makes a profit, and
       | remains in business. Some growth is nice, but there are plenty of
       | one-man / familiy businesses to show that growth is not required.
       | 
       | By contrast a successful VC business goes out of business early,
       | or with (these days) a multi-billion $ exit. Like a company that
       | exits with a $50 million OVER investment is a failure.
       | 
       | If you want to win huge or nothing, then VC is the path to that.
       | As a founder if you want to retire with money in the bank, then
       | VC is "probably" not the right choice.
       | 
       | Of course the optimum might be a mix- take VC money till you're
       | 30, if it doesn't work out you still have time to build a nest-
       | egg the old fashioned way.
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | I never understood, what is to prevent a startup from raising a
         | VC seed round, then a series A round, and then simply grow at
         | its own pace?
         | 
         | Is there something in the SAFE note or whatever, that says the
         | startup MUST fail fast, go big or go home? It can grow
         | methodically, can't it?
         | 
         | The closest explanation I've ever heard is that VCs do
         | "signaling" in future rounds... but listen, if you have a few
         | extra million dollars to grow your startup, and you still can't
         | become profitable after that, then something's wrong with yoru
         | business acumen, in my opinion. Anyone with a few million
         | dollars is able to hire people and create a profitable product.
         | What happens if a company pivots to being profitable "too
         | early", what can the VCs do?
        
           | zhoujianfu wrote:
           | That is the ideal strategy, but easier said than done. Once
           | you've got that cash it's very very hard to act like you
           | don't have it... especially when everybody knows you do.
        
           | cshimmin wrote:
           | Huh, I've always assumed it has to do with some about of "de
           | jure" control over the board that the VC assumes when the
           | capital is raised. If they don't like the founders growth
           | strategy , can't they just throw them out? Or is that not how
           | it works?
        
             | fleischhauf wrote:
             | I guess it mus be something like this, I don't think
             | someone would invest a rather large sum without having
             | something like this in place
        
             | bruce511 wrote:
             | Owning a company is different to owning say a bicycle. When
             | you go buy a bike, you go into a store, get the bike, leave
             | behind some cash, and you're done. Not a lawyer in sight.
             | 
             | A company is a different animal. Lawyers, bankers,
             | suppliers, partners, accounts and so on. Lots of paper gets
             | signed by founders and investors regarding ownership,
             | liabilities ("for all debts current and future") and so on.
             | When VC capital comes into the mix things get a LOT more
             | complicated.
             | 
             | you can't just "give the company to the employees" because,
             | frankly, that would be _really_ bad for the employees (what
             | liabilities are you taking on?) It 'd also be _really_ bad
             | for current founders and investors. (There 's likely paper
             | floating around linking you to the company, and that
             | doesn't go away just 'cause you lost interest etc.)
             | 
             | At some point it's all just too complicated and too scary
             | for the old owners and the new owners etc. Basically the
             | risk (to all) just exceeds the potential value of what is
             | there.
             | 
             | Then there's agreements with banks, suppliers and so on,
             | which can on occasion be "non-transferable" so it's not
             | even just as simple as creating a new structure and moving
             | all the IP into that.
             | 
             | I'm speaking generally here - your mileage will be vary a
             | lot depending on the exact circumstances.
        
           | rented_mule wrote:
           | During the dot com boom / crash, I worked at a profitable, VC
           | funded startup. I don't know the legal / financial mechanism
           | by which they did it, but our VCs shut us down six months
           | after the crash. They wanted to put all of their attention
           | into the other company in the portfolio that survived the
           | crash, Yahoo, because their revenue was already far higher
           | than ours could ever be.
           | 
           | We were profitable (100s of K per year on revenue of a few
           | million a year - small potatoes). Those numbers were growing
           | steadily, even after the crash, but they weren't going to
           | explode. We were given 30 minutes to collect our things and
           | leave the building, but I suspect our founders knew a day or
           | two earlier. They made a lunch reservation for all the
           | employees that same day so we could say goodbye to each
           | other, but we had to pay for it ourselves. It was a very
           | strange experience.
        
             | langcss wrote:
             | That makes no sense to me. They could give the company to
             | the employees instead right? Unless they wanted the code or
             | something.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | If the company was seen as a competitors to Yahoo, it
               | looked reasonable to shut it down. The VCs invested in
               | several companies that had a promising direction, then
               | shut down all but one that was growing fastest and grew
               | biggest.
        
               | rented_mule wrote:
               | We weren't in competition with Yahoo in the marketplace.
               | But we were competing for the VCs' focus, and that's
               | still competition.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | But I dont see how they can force the founders to shut
               | down the company
               | 
               | They maybe gave them a big carrot u didnt know about
        
               | rented_mule wrote:
               | I am close friends with one of the founders. That
               | friendship predates the company by several years. He did
               | get a payout - I was with him when he pulled it out of
               | his mailbox. A check for 32C/ for all the stock he had.
               | 
               | I don't know the details, but I believe they did it via a
               | redemption rights clause in the investment agreement.
               | https://venturecapitalcareers.com/blog/redemption-rights
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Strangely, transferring a company can be more complicated
               | if you care about liabilities, contracts, assets, non-
               | tangible and otherwise.
               | 
               | That flavour of VCs don't have time nor care. Maybe they
               | had several more companies to close that day.
        
               | rented_mule wrote:
               | They sold off the assets... the most valuable asset was
               | our data. I don't know what they were paid for the data,
               | but I'd guess a couple of million dollars given what I
               | know they spent to migrate it to the buyer.
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Unless the founders own 100% of the company (which they
               | don't if they raised money), no, they can't give it to
               | employees.
        
               | langcss wrote:
               | To be clear I mean the investors! However it sounds from
               | another comment like the investor instead got some money
               | from it they didn't just drop it like a ball.
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Your experience reminds me of how Google just cancels
             | products, instead of figuring out some way to spin them
             | out. Like maybe pass a product over to Google Ventures. Or
             | set up an incubator.
             | 
             | eg I'm certain that Google Inbox could have been a decent
             | modest company on its own.
             | 
             | I learned from reading u/patio11 that there's a market for
             | buying and selling small businesses. Is it weird that
             | nothing like that has popped up for VCs/investors who want
             | to divest from their non-unicorn companies?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Google can sell projects after or while shutting them
               | down. Make them a large enough offer, and they might
               | bite.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Given that Wistia, MailChimp, Patagonia, and GitHub, among
           | others did the seed/series A, profitability thing you
           | suggest, there are other mechanics at play here.
           | Specifically, as the article raises, profitability as in net
           | revenue isn't everything.
           | 
           | edit: swapped Basecamp for Wistia, because Basecamp did not
           | take VC money.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | Basecamp took no VC money
             | 
             | (Except for Bezos Expeditions many years into it)
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | you're right! edited.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | It depends on the product. The longer you have to push for
           | the profit the hogher the reward sonce everything easy is
           | already done. Things that are left to do have higher and
           | hogher barrier of entry and depending on the business it will
           | take a lot more time and up front capital to have a chance at
           | profitability.
        
           | ftlio wrote:
           | VCs with board seats vs you are trying to run your company
           | with all its intricacies while VCs are often managing you as
           | yet-another-in-some-tranche.
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> I never understood, what is to prevent a startup from
           | raising a VC seed round, then a series A round, and then
           | simply grow at its own pace? Is there something in the SAFE
           | note or whatever, _
           | 
           | You're looking for something in legal paperwork with Terms &
           | Covenants that for some reason is unstated in public
           | discussions.
           | 
           | The real underlying reason your idea of _" just take the VCs
           | money and do the opposite of what the investors want"_ isn't
           | common is that it goes against the founders' _personal
           | integrity_ of doing business honestly. This means the
           | founders not lying to VCs when they make presentations with
           | the reasons for raising capital. I.e. the founders forecast
           | TAM Total Addressable Market for revenue, forecast costs for
           | servers and employees, explain their ambitions for growth,
           | etc. The type of founders trying to get in front of VCs to
           | convince them to fund their startup are _supposed to be a
           | self-selected set entrepreneurs who inherently want to grow
           | fast and don 't need VCs telling them to do so_. If honest
           | business dealing is the premise, then there's no need to
           | "trick" the VCs into wiring them millions into the startup's
           | bank account and then tell them _" oops, I lied in my
           | presentations and now that I have your money, I just want to
           | grow slow at my own pace."_
           | 
           | Your question can also be modified to ask about a VC fund's
           | intentions: _" Why can't a VC fund raise money from LP
           | (Limited Partners) and then just live off the guaranteed 2%
           | management fee instead of taking risky investments and
           | possibly losing money?"_ -- What stops VCs from doing that is
           | the venture capitalist's personal integrity when asking the
           | LP for money.
           | 
           | With that said, there can be a difference in legal mechanisms
           | between an angel/seed round with no board seat taken by a VC
           | -vs- Series A with a VC on the board. At later stages, the
           | board can outvote the founders and/or fire them.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | The flaw is in the step 2. - raising capital reduces skin in the
       | game which reduces "incentive". Honestly heard this before in
       | things like "don't allow founders to cash out in early rounds
       | they won't be hungry". This is akin to "if you take the shackles
       | off your slaves they will run away"
       | 
       | Taking on capital reduces risk for the founder which makes it
       | more likely they will take better long term decisions. There is a
       | balance obviously - if you give me a billion dollars for my
       | pitchdeck I will certainly feel reduced risk but that may be
       | offset by the risk the owners of the billion now take on.
       | 
       | But yeah, the flaw is thinking hungry people make good long term
       | decisions
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | being hungry means people are driven to make decisions, just
         | not necessarily good ones. they're after the drive, and
         | hopefully acumen, but drive is more important than acumen, they
         | hope.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Is that the "VCs have never been hungry, met human beings or
           | read any history" theory? :-)
        
       | ftlio wrote:
       | Great read, especially from the perspective of just trying to
       | understand why people overfit certain thinking to certain
       | problems.
       | 
       | My startups perspective: I think it's hard for people to
       | understand the subtlety from all the memes and hearsay.
       | 
       | We hear that you need to talk to your users to understand what to
       | build, but I've seen this fall flat on its face and lead to
       | extreme confusion, several times now, when you're not talking to
       | your users as a matter of observing your product/business model
       | against reality to then update the axiomatic thinking that
       | (hopefully) lead you to its current iteration.
       | 
       | I've seen this play out as a cringy ask to "let us know if you
       | think of any other features you might like" met with puckered
       | faces from customers that essentially said "or how about not
       | because my job isn't to build your product?"
       | 
       | This is Henry Ford / Steve Jobs talking about faster horses.
       | You're not asking your customers what to build. You're asking
       | them to help you understand the reality against which your logic
       | plays.
       | 
       | Then there's the opposite, where a business marches forward
       | because some axiomatic thinking has determined that the macro
       | environment should support it, not updating itself against a
       | pending catastrophe in cash flows that leads to cuts that further
       | undermine its ability to exist even within its own framework.
       | 
       | Design and test from first principles, but operate for the pain
       | of as many rounds as possible. Maybe one day you can truly
       | optimize and it won't hurt as much.
        
         | IneffablePigeon wrote:
         | Yes. What you ask is just as important as whether you're
         | talking to your customers. The Mom Test is the best book on
         | this.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | The Mom Test also talks about getting the problems from the
           | customer but owning the solution how it solves the problems
           | they have.
        
         | devjab wrote:
         | I think you should be asking about their work, and try to
         | understand their business processes rather than what they want
         | from your software. Then you can spot their pain points and
         | develop features for those. I know this is easier when you're
         | an internal developer, but the best way we have to spot
         | important features (and the removal of some) is to simply spend
         | a week in the shoes of an employee using the software.
         | Everything which annoys you, annoys your users.
        
           | ragebol wrote:
           | But be sure to ask why business processes are the way they
           | are.
           | 
           | If you can eliminate a process all together, I'd be a happy
           | customer.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | > cringy ask to "let us know if you think of any other features
         | you might like"
         | 
         | One of the worst examples I've seen is trillion-dollar
         | corporations like Microsoft basically putting new features to
         | the popular vote.
         | 
         | You can buy from them a cloud service to the tune of a million
         | dollars a month, but if you notice a bug, they tell you to go
         | try and drum up votes from other users on some public forum.
         | 
         | It's insane, to the point where you can point out that their
         | own product A doesn't work with their own product B where
         | literally the only purpose of A and B is to be used in
         | combination and they'll go tell you to upvote a "suggestion" to
         | fix it.
         | 
         | The hilarity of this is that votes (or customer opinions) are
         | hugely biased when sampled like this. If a new product isn't
         | out of beta yet, it has very few users to vote on its features.
         | If a some subset of a product _just doesn 't work_, then users
         | ignore it and then it effectively zero users, so zero votes on
         | its issues.
         | 
         |  _Potential users cast no votes_.
        
           | sweeter wrote:
           | Microsoft has some really perverse incentive structures. Side
           | note, their forums are insane. Most of the "help" is "just
           | run sfc /scannow and then re-install windows" they very
           | clearly do not care to fix actual problems or to help people.
           | They approach problems from a very far distance using a one-
           | sized fits all approach. I think this says a LOT about how ms
           | operates. I do like how Unix is the polar opposite of this.
           | Its very DIY and fix it yourself.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > This is Henry Ford / Steve Jobs talking about faster horses.
         | You're not asking your customers what to build. You're asking
         | them to help you understand the reality against which your
         | logic plays.
         | 
         | There's also this joke that the absolute scariest thing ever is
         | an user with an idea. As in:
         | 
         |  _" I need to go from A to B"_, so far so good, that's what we
         | need to know an act on. Then the user has an idea: _" What if
         | midway I could change to a fresh horse?"_.
         | 
         | I mean, sure, yup, it's been done (changing horse midway to
         | quickly deliver a letter)... But that's not how cars were
         | invented.
        
       | graemep wrote:
       | There are a few very strange, almost unbelievable, things said
       | about people's understanding of the issues.
       | 
       | I can understand that startups and small business may not
       | understand that value comes from cash flow not profits. The value
       | of an asset is the value of the discounted cash flow. This is
       | very basic to the theory finance, so how come banks and wall
       | street did not know it? There has to be more to this.
       | 
       | just being an institutional investor looking at selling at a
       | profit as soon as possible.
       | 
       | The stuff about payment terms, speed and pre-payments is standard
       | good cash flow management. Did these people have no professional
       | advisors explain this?
       | 
       | This is literally business textbook stuff. I have the textbooks
       | (even the MBA ones, which are a bit more basic cover it all in
       | the first few chapters).
       | 
       | The British supermarket chain Kwik Save financed its growth (in
       | the 1970s) by getting long payment terms and selling for cash,
       | and they were imitating the strategy of similar businesses in the
       | US. This is not new.
       | 
       | I read the Bezos quote as primarily talking about long term vs
       | short term, not cash flow vs profit measures. I am sure he
       | understands both issues given his background in banking and
       | investment, but here he is really talking about looking at the
       | long term. It makes sense given he owned a large chunk of the
       | business he intended to hold, rather than being focused on next
       | year's find manager league tables.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | _I can understand that startups and small business may not
         | understand that value comes from cash flow not profits._
         | 
         | This is not correct.
         | 
         | You can have positive cash flow over a period but still be
         | losing money.
         | 
         | You can also have minimal cash flow but be wildly positive.
         | 
         | Cash flow is one component of value, but not the only one.
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | In this case the argument is flawed because it is too loose in
       | defining a bunch of words and premises. Eg, you can't argue about
       | "bad decisions" because in this case it is a meaningless term.
       | With the frame in the argument it likely isn't correct to say
       | that "once you have less skin in the game, it is easier to make
       | bad decisions". You are still empowered to make the best
       | decisions you can, having less skin in the game doesn't change
       | that.
       | 
       | The skin-in-game principle is a pithy way of talking about
       | principle-agent risks. That is to say, it is a problem for the
       | people fronting the money, not the people on the receiving end.
       | The people on the receiving end are strictly better off (ignoring
       | that they're going to have to trade away control to get the
       | money, obviously - they have strictly more options in the short
       | term). And the people giving the money will still invest despite
       | that, because they need to take risks to earn money - their
       | strategy is to take risks to earn a premium, so they're looking
       | for sensible risks to take.
        
       | totetsu wrote:
       | This was posted 4 years ago also.
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25357669
        
       | brador wrote:
       | The flaw is unwritten step 0: The goal is to make money not run a
       | startup.
       | 
       | A startup is a means to an end.
       | 
       | Borrowed money gets you there faster with less risk to self.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | This is true from my very limited start up experience. Our start
       | up was also self-funded. There were times when there was work
       | left on the table, because we couldn't afford to hire an extra
       | person to do the work, because we didn't have the cashflow to pay
       | them for the first few months while they came up to speed.
        
       | wodenokoto wrote:
       | I had a an accounting class in college and cash flow never
       | clicked.
       | 
       | I get the examples, especially the restaurant one.
       | 
       | But I don't blame anyone for not being able to play cash flow
       | games.
        
         | nick3443 wrote:
         | Simply put, assuming the books will balance eventually, would
         | you rather hold the money or hold the IOU, and for how long? If
         | you hold the money as it changes hand, you can make money off
         | of that (or use it for opening the next store).
         | 
         | For a corporation where revenues are consistent, 90 days of
         | payables that you haven't paid anybody yet could be equivalent
         | to tens or hundreds of millions of interest-free loans.
         | 
         | Home depot notoriously has payment terms that can extend beyond
         | one year.
         | 
         | Edit: To add on to that, understanding the accounting of
         | E,I,T,D, & A (earnings, interest, taxes, depreciation,
         | amortization) as in EBITDA is an important factor to grokking
         | beyond the surface of the article. Basically cash accounting
         | versus amortization accounting.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | > 90 days of payables that you haven't paid anybody yet could
           | be equivalent to tens or hundreds of millions of interest-
           | free loans
           | 
           | ... for the first 90 days, it seems to me. Then you're back
           | to paying them, they're only time shifted. So it strikes me
           | as a way to take a 90 day loan, once. What am I missing?
        
             | catherd wrote:
             | It's a forever loan for whatever your average payables
             | total to over 90 days (so $10k every month would be a $30k
             | loan). The loan lasts forever or until you close out that
             | line of credit/wind up the company.
        
               | nick3443 wrote:
               | The loan lasts as long as your payables continue to
               | average above $10k/month (or 30k in every rolling 3mo
               | period). Businesses get into trouble when they have a
               | short term disruption and suddenly their cash flow is
               | impacted, then they have no more receivables and have to
               | quickly come up with money to close out the payables. If
               | they are already over leveraged or don't have
               | creditworthiness then they can become insolvent.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Take out a 90 day loan for 10k and invest in something, the
             | 30 days latter take out another, the 30 dayn latter pay off
             | the first with results of the first investment while taking
             | out another loan. You never make money but you pay all the
             | bills along the way and slowly build up some hard assets
             | that are paid for.
        
       | golol wrote:
       | So as I understand you play these games with cash flow but
       | ultimately the objective eventually is to still turn that into
       | profit. After you've grown your company for several decades at
       | aome point you stop growing and you start milking it. Similarly
       | you want to accumulate float as a restaurant to prepay your
       | suppliers to get better prices and hence more profit.
        
         | spydum wrote:
         | Actually,I don't think you ever need to be profitable, as long
         | as you are cash flow positive, there isn't really a reason to
         | stop the merry-go-round. It sounds weird, but if every month
         | you collect more cash, and you pile it into future
         | investments/raw materials, it just turns into more cash flow
         | later.
        
           | yuliyp wrote:
           | Huh? The ways to be cash flow positive but unprofitable are
           | borrowing/investors putting money in, depreciation
           | adjustments, or growing accounts payable. All of which
           | eventually stop.
        
         | jdmoreira wrote:
         | Not necessarily. You can just sell it and get paid. Either
         | selling it in the public markets or private to a PE firm or
         | someone else
        
       | bjornsing wrote:
       | Every time I read one of these "thinking doesn't work" blog posts
       | I come away thinking "omg, these people just have no idea how
       | hard it is to think". IMHO the only situation you should be
       | allowed to draw axioms and propositions like little balls with
       | arrows between them is if you're working in a formal theorem
       | proving system. Anybody who has tried that knows that it's just
       | not true that the conclusion "startups shouldn't raise money"
       | logically follows from vague statements like "you'll be more
       | focused if you don't have much money".
        
         | aeternum wrote:
         | Yes, throwing out first principles thinking just because you
         | failed to think about all the first principles is a major
         | error.
         | 
         | You can often discover missing first principles by going the
         | other direction. IE what companies were successful largely
         | because they took VC money?
         | 
         | If one competitor is taking VC money and another is not, which
         | is more likely to win the market?
         | 
         | This article seems to make the common error of destroying a
         | fence before fully understanding why that fence was built.
        
       | notpushkin wrote:
       | The _Startups shouldn 't raise money_ link is dead. Here's the
       | archived version:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20230102110907/https://ensorial....
        
       | azeirah wrote:
       | From my perspective it is neither wrong nor right. Articles are
       | supposed to be written for a target audience, and I think the
       | only issue is that the original article didn't mention the target
       | audience is people who don't want to aim for the moon, but would
       | be satisfied with just having a stable life where they're in
       | control of their own decisions; in the vein of an indie hacker, a
       | family business or other sustainable ways of doing small to
       | medium business.
       | 
       | This is hackernews, and we, as an audience live in a little
       | bubble where the only right way to do business is by disrupting a
       | market and becoming the next Google, Microsoft or Apple. Just
       | like some of the contemporaries that originated from this
       | subculture here like; Stripe, Reddit and openAI.
       | 
       | There are many ways of doing business. The original article had a
       | sound strategy for one particular way of business. This article
       | by common cog has another sound strategy for doing business.
       | 
       | Different target audiences, different games.
        
       | whall6 wrote:
       | One of the most genius "games" that I've seen in real life is
       | Tesla's offering of a roadster for a huge up front payment to
       | pre-order (~$45,000).
       | 
       | They literally created a new product out of thin air that they
       | are untethered to in terms of time or specs (except that it has
       | to be able to accelerate with the force of a jet engine?) to
       | "unlock" millions of dollars of cash flow to fund current
       | operations. (I imagine this to be the brainchild of Zach
       | Kirkhorn.)
       | 
       | I don't know how many startups can employ "pre-order" tactics
       | with their lack of brand power, but the basic essence is probably
       | useful.
        
         | dfhvneoieno wrote:
         | That's not "genius".
         | 
         | Saying "give me money now for something later", making it vague
         | and then not delivering isn't new or genius. It's something
         | which is illegal, and this will be found to be illegal, once
         | there's political will to investigate/prosecute.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Yep, that's called Fraud. The only reason its continuing is
           | because the political will to prosecute the rich, especially
           | their big donor friend Elon who they've been giving billions
           | of government subsidies to - investigating him after helping
           | him makes them look bad too, and oh boy did MANY state and
           | federal dollars flow his way.
        
             | ethbr1 wrote:
             | It's fraud if you _never_ deliver.
             | 
             | It's certainly not fraud if you are making progress towards
             | delivering at some nebulous future date, and there was no
             | contractual delivery date in the pre-sale.
             | 
             | It's debatable whether it's fraud if the initial pre-sale
             | expressedly included the possibility of non-delivery (i.e.
             | Kickstarter).
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | > It's certainly not fraud if you are making progress
               | towards delivering at some nebulous future date, and
               | there was no contractual delivery date in the pre-sale.
               | 
               | Only legally, this is basically just fraud with legal
               | disclaimers covering your ass, there's no integrity here
               | and no intention of delivering anything more than the
               | hyperloop.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Legal terms are the codification of a contract between
               | buyer and seller.
               | 
               |  _Caveat emptor_ exists because ultimately it 's the
               | buyer's decision whether or not to take an offered deal.
               | 
               | If some people were dumb enough to agree to a
               | disadvantageous contract with Tesla... well, world's full
               | of fools.
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | It's not illegal. It's product validation.
           | 
           | It would have been a fraud had Musk taken the money and
           | disappeared into the Caribbean sunset. Which he did not.
        
       | anymouse123456 wrote:
       | Friendly note to folks building unusual businesses.
       | 
       | Much of the received wisdom of Silicon Valley startup culture is
       | centered on developing new markets that do not currently exist.
       | This activity has a very specific set of risks and rewards and
       | for that profile, the advice is generally sound.
       | 
       | If your business is attacking an existing market with entrenched
       | players, more than half the advice is wrong.
       | 
       | Cedric does a great job navigating these differences IMO.
        
       | arthurofbabylon wrote:
       | This strikes me as an excessively complex argument. Personally, I
       | would zoom way out to work with some more abstract axioms,
       | namely...
       | 
       | - Money now is more valuable than the same money later.
       | 
       | - The above applies for all parties to varying degrees.
       | 
       | - Some operations are money-constrained.
       | 
       | - There are ways to move money forwards or backwards in time.
       | 
       | Now most businesses are not in a position to financially engineer
       | all that much, rendering the response to a given situation per
       | the above axioms rather simple.
       | 
       | However I agree with the piece in its insistence that you
       | shouldn't just look to the obvious categorical solutions -- there
       | may be some interesting opportunities to find in the cracks. This
       | point was well outlined in the example of the restaurant owner
       | securing a discount by pre-paying for ingredients.
       | 
       | I would love to hear some non-monetary examples of axiomatic
       | reasoning failures. Whenever I reflect back on a process I led a
       | couple of years prior, I am startled by my limited awareness of
       | dynamics/risks/opportunities -- even though I was confident at
       | the time and it went well. These reflections make it clear to me
       | that we are always missing useful information, and I further laud
       | the author for acknowledging this fact.
        
         | ethbr1 wrote:
         | The best axiomatic reasoning failures I've seen are in Thomas
         | Aquinas' _Summa contra Gentiles_ , e.g. 13th century natural
         | law Christian apologism.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong -- they are works of philosophical art and
         | among my favorite texts in all of philosophy.
         | 
         | But they also very much abuse the space between axioms to
         | deduce truth which seems absolute but is incomplete.
        
         | scott_w wrote:
         | The axioms you state must be backed empirically by observing
         | things that happen in the real world. The article explains the
         | real world activities that back those axioms.
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | The important axiom you forgot:
         | 
         | - The government needs to take your money via tax on profits.
         | 
         | Result: Via fancy accounting, businesses can pretend not to
         | have profits and avoid tax.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | That isn't the axiom. The axiom is governments need money.
           | They have many different options to get it and often there
           | are ways to give it less of yours.
        
       | HipstaJules wrote:
       | Love the article!
        
       | wwarner wrote:
       | Great read. I knew as soon as I saw EBITDA that Amazon would be
       | used as an example, but the savings for prepaying for beef blew
       | me away.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | That is why just in time generally works so well, it reduces
         | costs all down the line. you don't even need to pay in advence,
         | just order in advance with no cancleation clause.
        
       | scott_w wrote:
       | This was a great read and definitely fits into something that
       | regularly crosses my mind: "what you say is incorrect but it will
       | take a lot of time and energy to explain why." The length of this
       | article definitely proves this point!
       | 
       | Just to nitpick (and not detract from the article) this point:
       | 
       | > Once you have less skin in the game, it is easier to make bad
       | decisions. The author argues this is due to a) having a capital
       | buffer to cushion you, and b) having more time to waste.
       | 
       | I actually don't think this holds true. It's possible to make bad
       | decisions BECAUSE you have skin in the game. Would you take a 60%
       | bet if the downside was losing your home? Would you do it if the
       | cost was someone else's home, that person owned an entire city
       | and they'd given you that home for the express purpose of placing
       | those bets?
       | 
       | I saw something like this when the founders at my work promoted
       | someone else to be CEO and, a little while after, took cash out
       | the business (legally) with the express purpose of derisking
       | themselves. They recognised that they weren't able to take the
       | necessary risks to push the business forward, so appointed a CEO
       | with less skin in the game and reduced their own exposure.
       | 
       | It paid off.
        
       | dudeinjapan wrote:
       | Great article, shared with my team. Nick Kokonas mentioned is
       | also the founder of the booking app Tock.
        
       | imheretolearn wrote:
       | > Once you have less skin in the game, it is easier to make bad
       | decisions.
       | 
       | I beg to differ. I think _this_ article is incorrect because it
       | assumes that above is true. The money that you raised from
       | venture capital is literally oxygen for your company. It is
       | _your_ lifeline as much as it is the VC's skin.
        
       | sweeter wrote:
       | these are the _exact_ same arguments people make against
       | something like UBI or really any public benefits.  "starving
       | people feel motivated to eat food, so they work to make money to
       | buy food. therefore starving people is the correct thing to do
       | because _I believe_ that if we give people food they will be lazy
       | "
       | 
       | I have personally seen a handful of people in tech and tech
       | influencers argue that if people had all their basic necessities
       | met, then they wouldn't be motivated to do anything and they
       | would just play video games all day.
       | 
       | To me, this is a profoundly privileged opinion to have that
       | follows this _exact_ same hyper-idealistic thinking pattern. It
       | comes from these  "first principles" that are naive at best. In
       | reality it is more so the bias of the person showing through, we
       | can analyze these systems, look at the data and we won't be
       | coming to these conclusions.
       | 
       | These "first principles" are not based on data or understanding.
       | They are based on emotions, personal experience and biases. ie "I
       | was lazy as college student, therefore all people are lazy..
       | therefore if people had their needs met, they would also be lazy
       | like I was... therefore depriving people of basic necessities is
       | actually the justified thing to do" I say from my multi-million
       | dollar house in North Dakota with my 300k a year salary and cushy
       | full-time youtube platform.
        
         | jollofricepeas wrote:
         | In the case of homelessness...
         | 
         | We've learned both that if you ...
         | 
         | 1) provide free housing people will use it
         | 
         | 2) fine/jail people for camping on the street and in parks it
         | works as a deterrent
         | 
         | Why not both?
         | 
         | I feel lazy right now but feel free to find your own sources
         | for the points above. The jailing one is from a study done in
         | the Nordic states...last I remember.
        
       | bluocms wrote:
       | > Once you have less skin in the game, it is easier to make bad
       | decisions. The author argues this is due to a) having a capital
       | buffer to cushion you, and b) having more time to waste.
       | 
       | It's not wrong per se but worded to hide the benefit. Having less
       | skin makes it easier to take higher risk. Which means more "bad"
       | decisions but also with higher potential.
       | 
       | -------
       | 
       | While the prepayment strategy described here is interesting, I'm
       | skeptical about some of the claims and implications. Here's why:
       | 
       | > So how much should they discount it? So let's say we're going
       | to buy steaks. We're going to pay $34 a pound wholesale for dry
       | aged rib-eye, we get net-120 (normally). So I call the guy and
       | say "I'm going to use 400 pounds of your beef a week for the next
       | 4 months, for our menu, which is about about $300,000 of beef,
       | what (would) we get, if we prepay you?" And he was like "what do
       | you mean?" I'm like "I want to write you a cheque tomorrow for
       | all of it, for four months." And he was like, "Well, no one has
       | ever said that." So he called me the next day, he said "$18 a
       | pound" ... so ... half. Half price.
       | 
       | 1. The 50% discount seems implausibly high. Even considering the
       | benefits of prepayment and volume commitment, typical early
       | payment discounts in most industries range from 1-5%, rarely
       | exceeding 10%.
       | 
       | 2. The story implies this strategy reduces waste, but the
       | restaurant's beef consumption remains unchanged. The butcher
       | isn't selling more beef overall, just securing a guaranteed sale
       | for a portion of their product.
       | 
       | 3. While prepayment does reduce risk for the supplier and improve
       | their cash flow (which justifies some discount), it doesn't
       | fundamentally alter the supply-demand dynamics or the perishable
       | nature of the product.
       | 
       | 4. If such extreme discounts were readily available, it suggests
       | either highly inflated initial prices or an incredibly
       | inefficient market. In reality, these price disparities would
       | likely be arbitraged away quickly.
       | 
       | 5. The net-120 terms do carry risks (default risk, cash flow
       | pressure, inventory carrying costs), but it's unlikely these
       | factors account for such a large portion of the price.
       | 
       | The principle of prepayment providing mutual benefits is sound,
       | but the magnitude described here is likely overstated or
       | oversimplified. A more realistic scenario might involve a
       | combined discount of 20-25% at most, factoring in prepayment,
       | volume commitment, and possible seasonal factors.
       | 
       | This story, while engaging, highlights the importance of
       | critically evaluating business anecdotes, even from seemingly
       | authoritative sources. The restaurant industry certainly has room
       | for innovation in supply chain and financial practices, but the
       | impacts and benefits may be more nuanced than presented here.
        
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