[HN Gopher] Photon entanglement could explain the rapid brain si...
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       Photon entanglement could explain the rapid brain signals behind
       consciousness
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 25 points
       Date   : 2024-08-17 20:51 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | tl;dr they've shown quantum entanglement can occur inside nerve
       | fibers, and speculate that it could explain the speed of brain
       | communication
       | 
       |  _a research group in China has shown that many entangled photons
       | can be generated inside the myelin sheath that covers nerve
       | fibers. It could explain the rapid communication between neurons,
       | which so far has been thought to be below the speed of sound, too
       | slow to explain how the neural synchronization occurs._
       | 
       |  _" If the power of evolution was looking for handy action over a
       | distance, quantum entanglement would be [an] ideal candidate for
       | this role," said Yong-Cong Chen in a statement to Phys.org. Chen
       | is a professor at the Shanghai Center for Quantitative Life
       | Sciences and Physics Department at Shanghai University._
       | 
       | The paper is published in the journal Physical Review E.
       | 
       | https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.11682
        
         | bmenrigh wrote:
         | I don't get the "action at a distance" leading to
         | synchronization.
         | 
         | Quantum entanglement doesn't transmit information. Is there
         | some mechanism for synchronization without information
         | transfer?
        
           | croemer wrote:
           | I also don't get it. I'm surprised this made it through
           | review with this title and abstract. They should have left
           | the speculation about consciousness out of it.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | I did a quick google for explanations:
           | 
           | https://theconversation.com/what-is-quantum-entanglement-
           | a-p...
           | 
           |  _In the simplest terms, quantum entanglement means that
           | aspects of one particle of an entangled pair depend on
           | aspects of the other particle, no matter how far apart they
           | are or what lies between them. These particles could be, for
           | example, electrons or photons, and an aspect could be the
           | state it is in, such as whether it is "spinning" in one
           | direction or another._
           | 
           |  _The strange part of quantum entanglement is that when you
           | measure something about one particle in an entangled pair,
           | you immediately know something about the other particle, even
           | if they are millions of light years apart. This odd
           | connection between the two particles is instantaneous,
           | seemingly breaking a fundamental law of the universe. Albert
           | Einstein famously called the phenomenon "spooky action at a
           | distance."_
           | 
           | https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2022/10/popular-
           | physicspr...
           | 
           |  _Interesting things happen if the particles in an entangled
           | pair travel in opposite directions and one of them then meets
           | a third particle in such a manner that they become entangled.
           | They then enter a new shared state. The third particle loses
           | its identity, but its original properties have now been
           | transferred to the solo particle from the original pair. This
           | way of transferring an unknown quantum state from one
           | particle to another is called quantum teleportation._
           | 
           |  _Remarkably, quantum teleportation is the only way to
           | transfer quantum information from one system to another
           | without losing any part of it. It is absolutely impossible to
           | measure all the properties of a quantum system and then send
           | the information to a recipient who wants to reconstruct the
           | system...However, entirely unknown quantum properties can be
           | transferred using quantum teleportation and appear intact in
           | another particle, but at the price of them being destroyed in
           | the original particle._
           | 
           |  _Once this had been shown experimentally, the next step was
           | to use two pairs of entangled particles. If one particle from
           | each pair are brought together in a particular way, the
           | undisturbed particles in each pair can become entangled
           | despite never having been in contact with each other. This
           | entanglement swapping was first demonstrated in 1998 by Anton
           | Zeilinger's research group. Entangled pairs of photons,
           | particles of light, can be sent in opposite directions
           | through optical fibres and function as signals in a quantum
           | network. Entanglement between two pairs makes it possible to
           | extend the distances between the nodes in such a network._
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | They didn't "show" anything; that would require scientific
         | evidence (in the form of an experiment).
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Right. It's plausible mathematics, not an experimental
           | result. That's reasonable research, but the title and
           | conclusions overreach.
        
       | davidhs wrote:
       | Since when did information travel quickly in the brain (compared
       | to the speed of light)?
        
         | croemer wrote:
         | Not compared to light, fast compared to the measure speed of
         | signal transmission along axons which is less than speed of
         | sound, so relatively slow.
        
       | croemer wrote:
       | I studied Physics. Sure they calculated that some entanglement
       | can happen in some theory. But it's a huge stretch to relate it
       | to consciousness. That's just clickbait in my view and should
       | have been left out. It's trending here just because of the
       | clickbaity title.
        
         | ripped_britches wrote:
         | They should have referenced Penrose theory
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | Cocktail physicists always want some connection between Quantum
         | Mechanics and consciousness. It's their last thing to hold onto
         | when it comes to believing they have real free will.
        
         | frereubu wrote:
         | I studied neuroscience and I agree, this is unlikely to have
         | anything to do with anything. In my view it's much more likely
         | that the speed of processing is due to the brain constantly
         | making predictions - it's an interesting thought experiment to
         | consider the brain as simply a huge prediction machine in
         | various modalities - most of which are pretty accurate, and
         | therefore fast, once you've been alive for a while.
         | 
         | Once you get unexpected outcomes then the speed of thought
         | slows down a lot. I was studying the neurobiology of reading
         | and a good example is the difference in brain activity caused
         | by the two sentences "The jam on the motorway was very slow"
         | and "The jam on the motorway was very sticky" - the first
         | elicits almost no activity, but the second causes a lot more
         | activity because of the unexpected word "sticky" needs to be
         | parsed consciously.
         | 
         | I think it's an issue of scale in some ways. The brain is so
         | complex it's almost impossible to think about it clearly except
         | in very focused studies. There's a lot of deeply
         | methodologically flawed research out there making overly broad
         | claims.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | This is a great example of issues with LLM design, which is
           | that they apply a constant amount of compute to both
           | sentences (modulo a token or two).
        
         | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
         | Something speculative is where the ghosts and soul live. How
         | else are we ever going to prove Intelligent Design isn't total
         | crap?
        
       | ijidak wrote:
       | I've always assumed quantum entanglement is being leveraged in
       | the brain.
       | 
       | Why?
       | 
       | Because, seeing the speeds needed for the type of computing the
       | brain does, chemistry -- e.g. the classical changes in atoms due
       | to classical interactions-- just doesn't seem fast enough to
       | propagate across the volume of the brain.
       | 
       | Maybe the fields move fast enough... (By fields I mean electro-
       | magnetic, etc.)
       | 
       | But, since entanglement is a thing, it would seem far fetched
       | that the brain doesn't leverage it.
        
         | didgeoridoo wrote:
         | Since entanglement can't break classical speed limits on
         | information transfer, you'll have to keep looking for another
         | explanation if electrochemistry doesn't float your boat.
        
         | croemer wrote:
         | I'm not sure your intuition here is right. It's an electric
         | signal that travels in axons. Like in computer chips in a way.
         | But slower because ions in water travel mich slower than
         | electrons in metals.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | > Because, seeing the speeds needed for the type of computing
         | the brain does
         | 
         | Which computations specifically are happening specifically in
         | the brain?
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | They emphasize the slowness of action potentials along axons.
       | 
       | But electrical waves, which emerge as the collection of action
       | potentials, move much faster. It's related to the volleying
       | approach of neuronal populations: the cortex can phase lock to
       | 1000+ hz sound waves, even though individual neurons can only
       | fire <200hz. Populations of neurons have faster responses than
       | single neurons. Electrical oscillations in large neuronal
       | populations can create fast electrical activity (such as
       | resonance phenomena) over a large distance.
        
         | schmidtleonard wrote:
         | None of these "faster than the constituent parts" phenomena can
         | transmit information faster than the constituent parts, though.
        
         | bgnn wrote:
         | Massive 3-d parallelism is underrated. Natural neural systems
         | evolved to deal with special cases that require very fast
         | response time via local reflexes which are trained very slowly.
         | They are still in millisecond range. All the computation in the
         | cerebral cortex doesn't need tp be fast. This is what we think
         | it should be thinking the computers we build.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | It's just multiplying matrices. No magic required.
        
       | gryfft wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41276390
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41267901
        
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