[HN Gopher] A pedantic review of the Las Vegas loop
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A pedantic review of the Las Vegas loop
        
       Author : cratermoon
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2024-08-15 03:26 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
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       | stephen_g wrote:
       | I think the basic story of the Boring Company is that they
       | assumed that they would be able to optimise or disrupt what is
       | actually a mature and optimised industry (tunneling) and
       | completely failed to do so.
       | 
       | Literally the only "innovation" is that they made the tunnels a
       | bit cheaper by removing space for emergency egress... Apart from
       | that, the capacity is laughable and always will be, as long as it
       | uses cars or pods. There's a reason the kind of transit systems
       | that can move hundreds of thousands of people a day (in tunnels
       | only about double the size) use trains that can fit so many
       | people (up to 1500 per train for large systems like Crossrail in
       | London) - with small pods you will never get the throughput with
       | any kind of safety margin between them.
       | 
       | I'm all for innovation and re-thinking the conventional wisdom,
       | but the Boring Company just didn't actually ever seem to have any
       | really practical ideas that would make something better than the
       | kind of mass transit we see in Asia and Europe...
        
         | wahern wrote:
         | One of Musk's original points was that cost of tunneling isn't
         | linear with diameter--double the size more than quadruples the
         | price, or something like that. But then the insistence on using
         | electric cars seems... counter productive.
         | 
         | The London and Budapest subways use very narrow tunnels, about
         | the size of Musk's tunnels. Their engineering is considered
         | anachronistic, but given the cost formulas for tunneling one
         | wonders if planners are being short-sighted or stubborn by
         | insisting on larger tunnels. A subway with narrow cars is
         | better than no subway at all. But then there's probably
         | considerations, like handicapped accommodations (i.e. large
         | wheel chairs) that make London or Budapest-sized subway cars a
         | non-starter today, at least in the U.S., notwithstanding that
         | it'd likely still be far cheaper to build a narrower subway and
         | then pay for private, on-demand road transport for those
         | physically unable to use the subway.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | And Musk's actual results were a tunnel that was more
           | expensive and slower to build per km than the channel tunnel.
           | And this one isn't built under the sea straddling two
           | countries with entirely different legal systems, but under a
           | tiny patch of desert in a very permissive legal environment.
           | 
           | And the Channel tunnel probably carried more people through
           | in its first few months than the LVCC will have transported
           | in its first few decades.
           | 
           | It's a monumental flop on every possible level.
        
             | Veedrac wrote:
             | > more expensive and slower to build per km than the
             | channel tunnel
             | 
             | Channel Tunnel: ~$22B / 31mi ~ $700m/mi
             | 
             | LVCC: $47m / 1.7mi ~ $28m/mi
             | 
             | ??
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | You're correct, but eurotunnel cost was 4.6B in 1985
               | English pound, which seems to be half of $22B. I think
               | the 22B figure is the total project cost, including the
               | not-tunnel part.
               | 
               | Your point is correct though, I don't see where
               | eurotunnel can be cheaper than... Any tunnel in fact.
               | 
               | [edit] you could also compare total costs: 22B for the
               | eurotunnel, 106 for the Las Vegas loop. It's around the
               | same difference proportionally.
        
           | Almondsetat wrote:
           | I mean, it makes sense since the diameter is 1 dimensional
           | while the boring area grows quadratically...
        
             | floxy wrote:
             | I'm not up to speed on tunnel boring. Do they really grind
             | away the whole cross-sectional area, instead of doing
             | something like a hole-saw? Where you only machine away some
             | of the circumference?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole_saw
        
           | Arainach wrote:
           | >One of Musk's original points was that cost of tunneling
           | isn't linear with diameter--double the size more than
           | quadruples the price
           | 
           | Ignoring all the other challenges of scale, this would surely
           | make sense because the area of a circle scales with the
           | square of the diameter...
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | > with small pods you will never get the throughput with any
         | kind of safety margin between them.
         | 
         | You assert this like it's a fact. But it seems like something
         | that could be proven wrong. I don't see any real fundamental
         | obstacles here.
         | 
         | You'd need to do some engineering obviously. But it's not a
         | particularly hard problem. Don't crash into the thing in front
         | of you if it hits the brakes for whatever reason. That about
         | sums up the scope of the issue.
         | 
         | There's probably a bit of math involved that tells you the
         | minimum safe distance where emergency braking can still work
         | given a certain speed. If you get humans out of the loop (which
         | the Boring company obviously has not yet done), it's basically
         | a function of how quickly individual pods can react to each
         | other. Which would be measured in nano seconds probably. You
         | should be able to get a pretty decent throughput.
         | 
         | The nice thing with small cheap tunnels is that you don't have
         | to squeeze everyone just through one of them because you can
         | have more than one going all over the place. Most subway
         | systems are a compromise on tunnel size where you basically end
         | up with only a few of them because they are so expensive to
         | build.
         | 
         | They are literal bottlenecks because lots of people end up
         | being funneled through a handful of stations via a small number
         | of tunnels. By the millions.
         | 
         | If you've ever tried to navigate the London underground during
         | rush hour, it's not a pleasant experience. You basically have
         | people shuffling back to back through tunnels and being crammed
         | into railway carriages by the hundreds.
         | 
         | The premise of the Boring company is very simple: digging
         | smaller tunnels at scale is going to have economies of scale
         | associated that means you can have vastly more of them for the
         | same money.
         | 
         | I agree their execution hasn't really delivered yet. But it
         | still could. Probably waiting/hoping for FSD to solve the
         | problem of routing wasn't the optimal move. But that doesn't
         | invalidate the core premise. The tunnels they've dug aren't
         | that expensive. So that part seems to be valid.
        
           | karlgkk wrote:
           | > But it's not a particularly hard problem. Don't crash into
           | the thing in front of you
           | 
           | It turns out that this is a particularly hard problem.
           | 
           | Oh, and if you get it wrong, people will die. In some cases,
           | dozens of people.
        
             | pintxo wrote:
             | But that's the big safety advantage of pods over railcars.
             | Only a small number of people can die in pods. /s
        
           | infotainment wrote:
           | _> The premise of the Boring company is very simple: digging
           | smaller tunnels at scale is going to have economies of scale
           | associated that means you can have vastly more of them for
           | the same money._
           | 
           | ...so instead of 1 tunnel with a train in it, we could
           | achieve the same throughput with 10 tunnels with single
           | occupancy vehicles. Brilliant! Cost savings achieved! I 'm
           | sure the math will just somehow work out that 10 tunnels is
           | cheaper than 1.
        
             | _nalply wrote:
             | The trick to cost saving: stack the tunnels! Exploit the 3D
             | feature of below ground!
             | 
             | /s
        
               | infotainment wrote:
               | You know, I was thinking about how that would _actually_
               | work, and I just can 't imagine it being anything
               | remotely close to efficient.
               | 
               | For example, if you were driving on tunnel level 26 (you
               | had to go down there because it's rush hour and the
               | higher levels are jammed up), wouldn't it be insanely
               | annoying to get back to a higher level? Do we have
               | massive spiral ramps connecting each tunnel level? What
               | about interchanges onto other directions, do you need to
               | be on a particular level, or do you need to spiral your
               | way up to Level 15 West Tunnel Expressway Interconnection
               | Point to transfer to Northeast Extended Tunnel Expressway
               | Business Loop 2A?
        
               | _nalply wrote:
               | Haha, you spent a lot more thought than me!
        
               | Veedrac wrote:
               | Why would every level have easy and uniform connections
               | to every other level? They are transport connections, not
               | destinations. And 26 levels? Why would you ever need that
               | much capacity?
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | Economies of scale and learning effects are a pretty well
             | studied phenomenon. So, yes, these are quite reasonable
             | assumptions to make.
             | 
             | I'm more talking about replacing 1 massive tunnel between a
             | handful of destinations with hundreds of tunnels going to
             | many destinations. Why stop at 10?
        
               | manuelmoreale wrote:
               | I seriously doubt you can leverage economy of scale in
               | something as labor intensive as building tunnels.
        
               | jillesvangurp wrote:
               | Why? They literally throw away machines that dig tunnels
               | because they are built just for one tunnel. There's
               | decades in between tunnels being dug for most big cities
               | operating underground railways. A company that would be
               | tunneling non stop could make a lot of improvements
               | probably and get really good at it.
               | 
               | There is no basis whatsoever that learning effects don't
               | apply to the business of tunneling.
        
               | manuelmoreale wrote:
               | Making improvements != economy of scale. Digging 10
               | tunnels in parallel using 10 machines and 10x the people
               | I bet won't save you much in the grand scheme of things.
               | 
               | And the reason why they "throw away machines" is because
               | most of the time those are custom built based on the
               | project and the wear and tear is substantial.
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | Listen to "Well There's your Problem" podcast on this. The
           | maths don't math compared to literally any other form of mass
           | underground transit.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | Let's take the Elizabeth Line (Crossrail), where they run 24
           | trains per hour peak (every 2.4 minutes!) with up to 1500
           | people per train. That's a theoretical maximum capacity of
           | 36K passengers per hour.
           | 
           | Let's say our four passenger Teslas can be dispatched every
           | 10 seconds into the tunnel. That's 360 vehicles per hour,
           | four passengers per vehicle, or 1440 passengers per hour.
           | 
           | Up the pod size to 20 pax and you still only have 7,200 pax
           | per hour. Halve the safety margin to 5 seconds and you still
           | only have 14.4K per hour, 40% of the capacity of the
           | conventional train. And filling and dispatching 20 people per
           | pod every 5 seconds is a pretty tricky logistics problem!
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | So, increase the number of tunnels and remove bottlenecks
             | where people are piling up by creating tunnels to where
             | they actually want to go.
             | 
             | What would the London underground look like with 100x more
             | tunnels and stations? A lot less busy in each tunnel
             | probably. Plenty of room under London. The issue is the
             | cost of tunneling and building these massively huge
             | stations. Smaller could be a lot cheaper.
        
               | stephen_g wrote:
               | That would be ludicrously expensive - again, they had
               | that idea at the Boring Company, and it hinged on finding
               | cheaper ways of building tunnels (beyond just making them
               | too small to fit emergency egress). As we've already
               | seen, that never came to be, tunnelling is pretty
               | optimised as it is.
               | 
               | With your 100 tunnels you could probably just reach the
               | capacity of the Elizabeth Line (again, just one example)
               | but at 75x the cost...
        
           | manuelmoreale wrote:
           | > You assert this like it's a fact. But it seems like
           | something that could be proven wrong. I don't see any real
           | fundamental obstacles here.
           | 
           | I think it's just a safe conclusion based on some reasonable
           | assumptions. Just to pick one as an example, Wiki tells me a
           | NY subway train is usually 8 to 10 cars. I'll use 10 to make
           | the math easier. They're between 15m to 23m long so I'll go
           | with 20 and that's 200m. Capacity is around 200 people each
           | which gives us 2000 people per train.
           | 
           | A model Y is 4.7m long and can seat up to 4 people. To get to
           | 2000 people capacity you then need 500 model Y.
           | 
           | 500 Model Y, one after the other in a straight line is 2350m
           | so already to get to the same capacity you need 10x the space
           | without even factoring in the fact you need to add space in
           | beteen each and every one of those 500 cars as a safety
           | measure.
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | The only reason it's interesting to share farts and bad
             | breath with that many people is that subway tunnels in NY
             | are really expensive to make. They cost many billions to
             | dig and even minor extensions to existing tunnels seem to
             | to turn into multi billion$ projects. And then you need
             | these massive subway stations that also cost billions.
             | Doing things at that scale seems really expensive and ripe
             | for disruption.
             | 
             | Your assumption is that there would be just 1 tunnel
             | instead of many. Probably because you are assuming tunnels
             | are super expensive and that that is something that cannot
             | improved. The premise of the Boring company was that they
             | would be able to cut cost by some orders of magnitude by
             | doing things at scale. They haven't yet, obviously. But
             | that doesn't prove the basic premise wrong.
             | 
             | Cheap tunnels mean you could have many more tunnels between
             | many more destinations; not all of which need to be super
             | dense cities like New York. Which means you don't have to
             | squeeze millions of people through a single one of them.
             | The cheaper the tunnels, the less the capacity matters.
             | Just add tunnels to scale if things get congested.
             | 
             | And of course the model Y is hardly the final answer in pod
             | design. There's no good reason why we can't have a mix of
             | smaller and bigger ones. In fact, using a big lump of an
             | SUV designed for road traffic for this seems not very
             | optimal.
        
             | Veedrac wrote:
             | Note that 2350m is 6 minute headway at a 17mph average
             | subway speed, which isn't at all crazy for a subway.
             | 
             | A single-tunnel Boring Loop isn't competing against the
             | 10th busiest subway, though. Even if Boring Loop were
             | competing against New York City Subway, at $2.5B/mi you
             | could build something like 50 parallel lanes at the same
             | cost, and 2350m/50 is only ~50m. Space them out a bit so
             | it's actually driveable and you're probably still ahead
             | with Boring Loop, even assuming the trains are running full
             | (which is not default).
             | 
             | Now, if you did invest enough for 50 parallel lanes you
             | clearly wouldn't want to do 50 parallel lanes; they pack
             | awkwardly, don't make sense to centralize that much if you
             | design doesn't force you to, and you go from having a
             | regulatory advantage of being able to build under city
             | roads to a regulatory nightmare of asking to build 50
             | parallel lanes underground. It makes much more sense to
             | build point-to-point connections out like a road network,
             | and bring in more traditional mass transit where you have
             | particularly busy connections that can't be handled with a
             | reasonable number of lanes.
        
               | manuelmoreale wrote:
               | 2350 is just the length of the cars one next to each
               | other without factoring in any distance you obviously
               | need to have between each car for safety.
               | 
               | Stopping distance at 40mph is apparently around 20m
               | (without human reaction time)
               | 
               | With reaction time included is about double. So you need
               | at least another extra 40m between each car.
               | 
               | There's 499 gaps between those 500 cars so that gives you
               | an extra 20km.
               | 
               | So your "train" of Model Y need roughly 23.5km worth of
               | tunnel to move 2000 people.
               | 
               | Doesn't look very efficient if you ask me.
        
               | rrnechmech wrote:
               | Fascinating to think about if and when FSD is perfected
               | (or heaven forbid before) what a world with cars moving
               | about with near zero reaction time would look like. That
               | is to say, completely removing reaction time out of the
               | equation at scale
        
               | manuelmoreale wrote:
               | It would cut some space for sure but you still need space
               | in between no matter what. You also need to factor in
               | space because these cars have to stop, people have to
               | move in and out of them and that takes time.
        
             | cornholio wrote:
             | At a 2 seconds clearance between vehicles, the Tesla system
             | at peak capacity of 4 passengers will move 2 people per
             | second. So it's equivalent with a subway train at crush
             | capacity running every 1000 seconds or 16 minutes. That
             | kind of frequency is typical for some longer haul train
             | links, airport trains with underground sections like the
             | RER etc.
             | 
             | Of course, there are other factors that preclude running
             | Loop at 2s frequency, like station capacity and ensuing
             | bottlenecks on ramps etc., but bear in mind there is no
             | comparison between a train filled at crush capacity, with
             | most people standing and smelling someone else's armpit,
             | that you have to wait for a quarter of an hour, vs a
             | leather seated car that takes you point to point to your
             | destination without stopping at any intermediary station.
             | 
             | The point is, they are very different systems that don't
             | compete against each other. If you need a subway and have
             | the money for a subway, by all means, build a subway. Loop
             | competes with light rail, and it says it can do better than
             | most of the light rail systems in operation, at least in
             | the US. Both its claimed pphpd and per mile cost are
             | sufficient to be financially competitive, to the point that
             | it can attract private capital and generate profits.
             | 
             | And the pphpd they demonstrated, of nearly 5000, was
             | achieved with Tesla cars. If they manage to introduce 8-12
             | seaters and cracks self driving in the tunnels (a much
             | simpler problem then full on road self driving) than it
             | could compete with many of the less congested subway
             | networks.
             | 
             | It seems very irrational not to let them demonstrate what
             | they claim, as long as they are using their own money. It's
             | transport capacity that does not compete with other transit
             | options and does not capture significant urban real estate.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | > the Tesla system at peak capacity of 4 passengers will
               | move 2 people per second.
               | 
               | Your analysis is incomplete. A moving sidewalk on the
               | airport can move far more than 2 people per second, and
               | needs no driver. Where is the call to revive that form of
               | travel descried in Heinlein's "The Roads Must Roll" and
               | Asimov's "The Caves of Steel"?
               | 
               | You are missing speed, and acceleration, and load time.
               | 
               | > So it's equivalent with a subway train at crush
               | capacity running every 1000 seconds or 16 minutes.
               | 
               | Well-frequented London lines run with something like 2-3
               | minute intervals, not 16 minute intervals. And you can
               | easily carry luggage with you, push a stroller, or roll
               | your wheelchair on in.
               | 
               | > and smelling someone else's armpit
               | 
               | Yes, it appeals to rich people who want to use their
               | money to avoid even minor irritations, and don't want to
               | pay taxes to support mass transit that helps everyone.
               | (From the link, "some press and discussion around the
               | Loop figures it as more of a luxury option: something
               | that casinos can comp for high rollers, that will spare
               | people dealing with the general disaster of getting
               | around the strip".)
               | 
               | But that means having an alternative for us poor stinking
               | masses. The Loop is not that solution.
               | 
               | By the time the subway system gets to the crowd level you
               | describe, a Loop-type system would be well over capacity.
               | You'll be stuck in a line waiting for the next Tesla to
               | arrive, surrounded by stinky people.
               | 
               | > was achieved with Tesla cars. If they manage to
               | introduce 8-12 seaters
               | 
               | Why are they using Teslas? As the article notes, "due to
               | their larger seating capacity and faster
               | boarding/deboarding, the Loop would likely achieve a
               | higher capacity if they just shifted operations entirely
               | to the Club Cars".
               | 
               | With "four rows of seats", it's likely something like
               | https://www.clubcar.com/en-
               | us/commercial/transport/villager-... which says "A long
               | time classic on resorts, the Villager 8 moves up to eight
               | passengers in a single trip and can replace expensive
               | vans. Yet it also travels narrow areas not accessible to
               | conventional vehicles."
               | 
               | It seems they could easily increase capacity now by
               | simply changing vehicle type.
               | 
               | Also, since the capacity numbers were achieved with Tesla
               | cars, that means it excluded the GEM carts which the
               | article says is uses for people with wheelchairs. That
               | suggests the "nearly 5000" number does not include people
               | with mobility issues, which would need to be supported
               | under ADA requirements.
               | 
               | At peak capacity, even a small disturbance can greatly
               | reduce flow.
               | 
               | > It seems very irrational not to let them demonstrate
               | what they claim
               | 
               | The page says their claim is that the fully expanded
               | system will target only 90k passengers per day. It seems
               | very irrational to not draw conclusions from that.
        
               | tlb wrote:
               | Travel speed matters too. At non-peak times, when queues
               | are short, going 100 kph will give much shorter commute
               | times than moving sidewalks (5 kph) or club cars (25
               | kph).
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Yes, travel speed is the first part of 'You are missing
               | speed, and acceleration, and load time.' :)
               | 
               | In those SF stories, moving sidewalks were more then
               | 5kph. "The Caves of Steel" had parallel strips, each at a
               | faster speed. Quoting https://archive.org/details/robotno
               | vels0000isaa/page/10/mode... :
               | 
               | "He stepped from strip to strip with the ease of a
               | lifetime's practice. Children learned to "hop the strips"
               | as soon as they learned to walk. Baley scarcely felt the
               | jerk of acceleration as his velocity increased with each
               | step. He was not even aware that he leaned forward
               | against the force. In thirty seconds he had reached the
               | final sixty mile-an-hour strip and could step aboard the
               | railed and glassed-in moving platform that was the
               | expressway.'"
               | 
               | 60 mph is 100 kph.
               | 
               | "The Roads Must Roll" had a similar design. The first
               | version (quoting https://archive.org/details/pastthrought
               | omor0000robe/page/42... ) was:
               | 
               | "based on the ore belt conveyors of ten years earlier.
               | The fastest strip moved only thirty miles per hour, and
               | Was quite narrow, for no one had thought of the
               | possibility of locating retail trade on the strips
               | themselves. Nevertheless, it was a prototype of social
               | pattern which was to dominate the American scene within
               | the next two decades--neither rural, nor urban, but
               | partaking equally of both, and based on rapid, safe,
               | cheap, convenient transportation."
               | 
               | The first high-speed road went 80 mph. https://archive.or
               | g/details/pastthroughtomor0000robe/page/44... .
               | 
               | If we look to the moving sidewalks of now to understand
               | the future dreams of the 1950s, then we should of course
               | also look at the PRT systems of now to understand the
               | problems with the Las Vegas loop.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | >At a 2 seconds clearance between vehicles, the Tesla
               | system at peak capacity of 4 passengers will move 2
               | people per second. So it's equivalent with a subway train
               | at crush capacity running every 1000 seconds or 16
               | minutes. That kind of frequency is typical for some
               | longer haul train links, airport trains with underground
               | sections like the RER etc.
               | 
               | Typical where? Any well functioning subway system I've
               | been on has a much higher frequency than that. Every 3-5
               | minutes.
        
           | kmacleod wrote:
           | I don't know why you're getting downvoted.
           | 
           | I used to work for a PRT (podcar) company and for anything up
           | to a large commuter train or major New York subway, compared
           | seat-mile for seat-mile the networks of small vehicles are
           | just as efficient as most urban transit. And then as a bonus
           | you get no-transfer, direct point-to-point commutes. Even the
           | loading and unloading is comparable between them for stadium
           | event traffic.
        
         | Veedrac wrote:
         | It seems unreasonable to claim that Boring Company has failed
         | when they were founded in 2017, won their first contract in
         | 2019 which was executed to requirements and multiples cheaper
         | than the competing bid, and Vegas Loop was approved in initial
         | form in 2021, a design now >3x the length of all subway built
         | in the US in the last 20 years and for which construction is
         | happily underway. Imagine subways were held to this standard!
         | Done in 3 years or bust!
        
         | throwitaway1123 wrote:
         | > Literally the only "innovation" is that they made the tunnels
         | a bit cheaper by removing space for emergency egress
         | 
         | If the reports are to be believed then there was another
         | "innovation" as well: ignoring worker safety [1].
         | 
         | "An investigation by the state OSHA, which Bloomberg
         | Businessweek has obtained via a freedom of information request,
         | describes workers being scarred permanently on their arms and
         | legs [...] In an interview with Businessweek, one of the tunnel
         | workers recalls the feeling of exposure to the chemicals:
         | "You'd be like, 'Why am I on fire?'""
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-26/elon-
         | musk...
        
       | ethagnawl wrote:
       | > The operations manual spends more page length on answering
       | questions about Elon Musk and The Boring Company than it does on
       | fires.
       | 
       | This tells us exactly why Elon shouldn't be making any decisions
       | affecting public/critical infrastructure.
        
         | blt wrote:
         | This sentence was almost too perfect. Really says it all.
        
       | zone411 wrote:
       | The Vegas Loop will have huge advantages over subways (cost,
       | faster construction with fewer disruptions, smaller station
       | footprint, mostly point-to-point service, more privacy for
       | riders), and Vegas is the perfect place to showcase it to a large
       | audience of visitors. Self-driving is much easier in such a
       | controlled environment, and since it's clearly coming, focusing
       | on the current use of a driver is pointless.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | The LVCC so far is more expensive, slower to build, has had
         | more disruptions, needs huge stations, is only one-way, and has
         | terrible privacy (you're stuck with a stranger in the small
         | space of a car instead of a the large space of a subway car).
         | 
         | It's worse than a subway in every possible way. And it will
         | always be worse than a subway in every possible way, because
         | cars are an extremely inefficient way of carrying people
         | around. You can make a train with more private space per
         | passenger than a car and still fit way more people in one than
         | in the equivalent amount of car. There will _never_ be a way to
         | make cars as economical as trains, for very very very basic
         | geometric reasons.
        
           | Veedrac wrote:
           | > The LVCC so far is more expensive, slower to build [than
           | subway]
           | 
           | This is just factually false. LVCC was something like 4x
           | cheaper than its competing non-subway bid and something like
           | 20-30x cheaper than just the amortized cost per mile of
           | subway in the US. Subway also ages to construct in the US.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | If you're comparing just to the US, maybe.
             | 
             | It's still much more expensive to operate, per passenger.
        
               | Veedrac wrote:
               | Compare it to Europe, same deal, the large constants are
               | just slightly less large.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | This has a wonderful retro-science-fiction "what if we dug
       | tunnels badly in the 1950s and drove around in them" feel to it.
       | Like Asimov "caves of steel" but .. smaller. Because who has the
       | time to make giant underground caverns for post-destructionist
       | revolutionaries to meet in as autonomous cars whizz by. (what
       | kind of a name is Elijah anyway? at least his wife had a decent
       | name like Jezabel)
       | 
       | I have nothing in principle against tunnels, or even these
       | tunnels except some things which should be simple like
       | underground stations and passing places and making the thing
       | buttery smooth-as seem to have been lost on the expedited need to
       | do it cheap and fast. its CAP theorem for tunnels: you can have
       | good, or you can have cheap and fast. you can't have all three.
       | and if you want good you can't have two of them.
       | 
       | The boring company is a giant con job. TBM are well understood,
       | as is the systematic processes to make tunnels at scale. LV is
       | one of the cheapest places to dig, London used to be because the
       | London clay was load bearing, waterproof and provided input stock
       | for brick building. LV is at least not stone. London has so many
       | tunnels they have to go deeper now. The clay is warming up too.
       | You can't run trains for 100 years without dumping thermal into
       | the system. If you have never seen the cleaner systems in the
       | London Tube, think about what comes out of your ear and your
       | belly button and then scale it up 1000x and add rats.
       | 
       | The main critique I have echoes things others will say better:
       | It's just wrong to make this kind of thing private. Public
       | transport should be built by the public for the public. Now, I
       | know there's a heap of religion built up in that, but if you want
       | to argue for private roads, go to the outskirts of D.C. and talk
       | to any worker who has to transit over what Macquarie Bank calls
       | the giant american cash machine. It's just wrong to do it this
       | way.
       | 
       | Musk is a conman. This is shelbyville monorail class stuff.
        
         | glompers wrote:
         | Quick slightly-on-topic questions: I always read local press
         | releases about how a major local rail or road or stormwater
         | tunnel project "has gotten its TBM" and is assembling it in a
         | portal dug for the initial staging.
         | 
         | It seems that a lot of projects decide on a diameter and then
         | order a TBM for the expected materials that will have to be
         | ground up [sic]. Would it be any significant savings (if you
         | were in Great Britain for instance) to deliberately engineer
         | your whole infrastructure design, and funding, and timeline, to
         | use the exact same diameter as England's High Speed 2's TBM and
         | then run that TBM after they are done with it? There must be a
         | lot of single-use TBMs but I don't know what their builders
         | reuse from one machine to the next.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | I would think so, from every part of the supply chain it
           | would make sense to use the same segment size, grout, rail
           | method, even manufacturing yards if they're on a train
           | network.
           | 
           | But I believe a lot of TBM dig themselves into a not so
           | shallow grave and stay underground: it's expensive to remove
           | them. They drill a headway off to one side and stop like a
           | sad loco in the thomas the tank engine books.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | They probably would need major refurbishment anyway, right?
             | 
             | Anything that is of value is stripped anyway, and.. the
             | cutting shield is lost (but... who knows, maybe not, as
             | that needs a lot of serviceability anyway, maybe the
             | valuable stuff is removed even from that?)
        
           | pas wrote:
           | As long as the planning, permitting, and logistics dwarf the
           | unit costs it doesn't really matter how much one can
           | theoretically save on linking up projects. :/
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | > go to the outskirts of D.C. and talk to any worker who has to
         | transit over what Macquarie Bank calls the giant american cash
         | machine.
         | 
         | I live in the Washington DC area and have no idea what this
         | refers to. Can you clarify?
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Maybe it's changed. Friends who lived WV/VA and worked DC
           | said the toll roads were a nightmare and they timed their
           | drives quite carefully. Those toll roads were bought by
           | Macquarie bank and provided a very healthy income stream.
           | 
           | Roads like the Dulles greenway. I read they had a requested
           | 40% price hike rejected recently so maybe things have got
           | better.
           | 
           | There could have been a lot of hyperbole in their position,
           | but I think up to 5 or more roads around DC got bought by
           | Aussie companies bankrolled by Macquarie infrastructure
           | investment.
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | >(what kind of a name is Elijah anyway? at least his wife had a
         | decent name like Jezabel)
         | 
         | https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20kings%2019&...
        
       | spiritplumber wrote:
       | At least Benny will be able to use it to escape to the Fort.
        
       | Veedrac wrote:
       | Really weird article. Starting with the whole claim that the
       | tunnel built is the Las Vegas Loop (actually known by LVCC) which
       | is the same as the 93 stop full rollout (actually known as Vegas
       | Loop); they are connected but the terminology was very muddying.
       | This makes it really confusing when they're eg. objecting to
       | calling it a underground system and not really making clear what
       | they're talking about (Vegas Loop is very clearly an underground
       | system, the whole loop is underground).
       | 
       | There's a bunch of stuff where both they complain about LVCC not
       | being very much (which is true, it's their first track, and while
       | it was much more affordable than the competing bid and has
       | exceeded requirements, it's also super short) and also in the
       | same post talk about how the operating room doesn't stack up to
       | other mass transit operating rooms (yes, why would it?).
       | 
       | The fire safety comparisons are reasonable but I would still like
       | to ask when people make comparisons with historic tunnel fires,
       | for said people to actually go look up why said historic tunnel
       | fires were so bad. Vegas Loop isn't going to be carrying trucks
       | full of flour and margarine alongside vehicles that stop working
       | when said goods catch on fire. Ultimately the Loop is safe
       | largely by combination of not including the set of things that
       | make tunnels dangerous combined with having small vehicles with
       | good failure isolation (electric powertrains, air filtration,
       | etc.).
       | 
       | Comments about capacity are also a bit weird. LVCC's capacity is
       | more than it needs. Vegas Loop's capacity is not as large as
       | inordinately expensive subway systems, but also it's not an
       | inordinately expensive subway system, and its claimed capacity
       | compares favourably to many existing rail systems across the US.
       | Maybe it's because they misread the passengers per hour stat as a
       | passengers per day stat? That is a big difference!
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | I hope you realize that lithium-ion battery fires are _much_
         | worse than margarine or flour fires, and almost impossible to
         | extinguish, especially in the confines of a tunnel.
         | 
         | And while prices might look good for the USA (I'm not sure),
         | they are gigantic when compared to similar projects in Europe.
         | And a mass-transport car tunnel has exactly 0 advantages over a
         | rail tunnel.
        
           | Veedrac wrote:
           | How hard it is to extinguish is vastly, vastly less important
           | than 'does it stop people safely escaping' and 'does it
           | overwhelm the safety equipment'.
           | 
           | It is obvious that having a huge goods fire from a commercial
           | truck that shuts down people's vehicles is dangerous; that
           | directly leads to death and directly prevents rescue. It is
           | obvious that having isolated, separately functioning vehicles
           | that can drive away, and a fire from a specific, planned-for
           | factor of an understood quantity has a comparatively low
           | potential for causing death.
        
       | saagarjha wrote:
       | > Drivers are required to wear a provided uniform with plain
       | black shoes and no jewelry or accessories, and are prohibited
       | from initiating conversations with passengers.
       | 
       | I'm no snitch but I don't think this was followed particularly
       | well when I was there last week.
        
         | GaryNumanVevo wrote:
         | I'm surprised Tesla doesn't make them dress up as their Optimus
         | "robot"
        
       | thrdbndndn wrote:
       | > One interesting aspect of the Loop, that has been rather
       | heavily reported on, is that the whole thing feels remarkably
       | cheap. Perhaps that's not surprising, as The Boring Company's
       | central claim is to be able to construct underground transit on a
       | tight budget. They have indeed delivered on this promise in the
       | construction of the Loop, but it's hard not to feel like they did
       | so more by pinching pennies and eating development costs than by
       | innovation. Nothing speaks to this more than the photo of the OCC
       | the manual provides, which depicts two cheap office chairs at a
       | long desk in a room with worn linoleum floors and distinctly
       | portable-building vibes. It is, by far, the most underwhelming
       | mass-transit control room I have ever seen. I strongly suspect
       | that the OCC is a reuse of the old on-site construction office.
       | To be fair, they will surely have to build something more
       | sophisticated for future expansion, as the current space only
       | accommodates two operators. We will assume it is temporary.
       | 
       | The said photo: https://i.imgur.com/BlIpog1.png
       | 
       | Come on, it's not that bad. I'd admit it looks more like a
       | monitoring room than control room, but in term of cheapness I
       | think it's well within typical range.
        
         | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
         | To second this sentiment: I toured a couple of city run traffic
         | control facilities during my stint as a city employee and this
         | doesn't look radically different or "cheaper" than the ones I
         | saw. And local government budgets are already pretty tight.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | How much would a proper control room cost? A hundred thousand?
         | Couple hundred thousand? Considering you want maybe at least 2
         | people monitoring system 24/7. So 3 shifts? That is what 300k
         | minimum a year, if not few times more...
        
       | munchler wrote:
       | > There is a surprisingly long (in comparison to other items)
       | script for answering questions about the flamethrower.
       | 
       | Flamethrower!? Can anyone explain what this means?
        
         | el_oni wrote:
         | The boring company released a flamethrower[0] presumably to
         | raise some capital.
         | 
         | [0]https://www.boringcompany.com/not-a-flamethrower
        
       | everfrustrated wrote:
       | I didn't realize the cars had drivers - I presumed they had long
       | been replaced with self-driving.
       | 
       | Does anybody know why not? Surely the Tesla autopilot software is
       | well capable (the routes are very simple after all). Some
       | regulatory problem holding them back?
        
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