[HN Gopher] Are we living in the age of info-determinism?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Are we living in the age of info-determinism?
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2024-08-13 10:47 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | pseudolus wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/tYpml
        
       | setopt wrote:
       | Betteridge would say no.
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | > How can a society function when the rejection of knowledge
       | becomes a political act?
       | 
       | It cannot.
       | 
       | Living in a "post-truth" society is just a sanitized way of
       | saying living in a society without truth. Such a society must
       | inevitably collapse.
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | > Such a society must inevitably collapse.
         | 
         | No evidence for that.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | I think that there is, but in true post-truth form, that's
           | not relevant to my statement. I was stating an opinion.
        
             | blueflow wrote:
             | And I'm saying that countries like North Korea,
             | unfortunately, don't collapse.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I would argue that North Korea has already collapsed, and
               | we are looking at the results.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | North Korea and such nations aren't post-truth at all,
               | though. They have little-t truths that most of their
               | people believe in. That's what I'm talking about. I'm not
               | talking about capital-T Truth (of the objective sort).
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | Well, North Korea doesn't have "post-truth". It has good
               | (or bad) old propaganda and brainwashing, but "post-
               | truth" for me implies a plurality of (increasingly
               | polarized) opinions. So "post-truth" can only happen in
               | democratic societies, and is actually used by non-
               | democratic states (Russia, North Korea, China...) to
               | destabilize them.
        
         | evgwugegwhwgeg wrote:
         | Rejection of beliefs not knowledge. There is a significant
         | difference between the two.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | 20 years ago, I studied philosphy.
           | 
           | Can you define "knowledge"?
           | 
           | We had the tripartite definition, a "justified true belief",
           | and the argument against it exemplified by a person looking
           | at a fluffy white creature in a field and justifiably saying
           | that they know there is a sheep in this field, but
           | unbeknownst to them what they're looking at is a komondor and
           | though there is a sheep elsewhere in the field it is not
           | visible from where they are.
           | 
           | I think there is only belief, that we can have degrees of
           | certainty about our beliefs but there is no way to transition
           | to P(1) or P(0), and no specific probability other than 0 and
           | 1 where we can reliably say that we "know" something to be
           | true or false.
        
             | evgwugegwhwgeg wrote:
             | Knowledge is seeing a white pattern in visual field.
             | 
             | Belief is labeling the pattern and calling it a sheep.
             | 
             | Belief is also the labeling the pattern a Komondor.
             | 
             | Belief is thinking there is a person seeing the sheep.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Knowledge is seeing a white pattern in visual field.
               | 
               | That definition classifies every dream I have dreamed,
               | every video I've seen, every game I've played, as
               | "knowledge".
               | 
               | If anything, it is an easier thing to dismiss than the
               | examples you give as "beliefs".
               | 
               | See "naive realism":
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_realism
        
               | evgwugegwhwgeg wrote:
               | Can beliefs exist without sensory inputs?
               | 
               | Also isn't dismissal also just another belief?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | 1. Dreams, so probably yes
               | 
               | 2. I'm saying everything is
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Most societies collapse eventually.
         | 
         | Societies built on lies can go on for quite a while, there are
         | tests, a war for example, that can finish them off. But even
         | then, they might stumble along.
        
         | silverquiet wrote:
         | I don't think there is such a thing as truth; at least not for
         | anything that matters to human meaning. The truth is we're just
         | apes living on a planet that we're unable to stop ourselves
         | from destroying; a tiny, ultimately meaningless rock that will
         | be gone one day in a universe that won't even notice, let alone
         | care. That truth is very hard to accept (I never really have)
         | and so we create other stories to give us meaning, but these
         | stories are too arbitrary and subjective for us to collectively
         | agree upon.
        
           | hoorayimhelping wrote:
           | > _I don 't think there is such a thing as truth_
           | 
           | This is a self-defeating statement. It's false on its face.
           | If there is no such thing as truth, then this statement can't
           | be true because it would mean there is at least one truth.
        
             | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
             | Not really. It's a hyperbolic statement. It needs to be
             | understood as such.
             | 
             | Normally this falls into the realm of moral truth. Or
             | perhaps in a broader sense existential truth. For example:
             | rape is wrong is not an absolute truth. It's just like your
             | opinion man.
             | 
             | In an entirely materialistic system morality is not
             | universal. It merely the taste of whatever society wants at
             | a time. Morality is ultimately might makes right. If you
             | can enforce your morality through force, your morality
             | wins. If the pro-rape camp could enforce their view, within
             | a few generations we'd all say that the anti-rape camp was
             | on the wrong side of history.
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | > I don't think there is such a thing as truth; at least not
           | for anything that matters to human meaning.
           | 
           | 1+1 = 2, the earth is ~80% water, water freezes at 0degC.
           | 
           | What to you mean there aren't truths?
           | 
           | Do you mean people form opinions that are wrong? Sure. After
           | sitting back at looking at it, it seems like the big problem
           | is: there are small circles of power that make decisions for
           | the rest of their population under the guise of "best
           | interest of the people" when in reality we all know this
           | isn't true.
           | 
           | So these small groups make the little people distracted with
           | things that are very hot-button topics that affect a very
           | small majority of people, by making appeals to emotion on
           | both sides.
           | 
           | The small folks eat this up, rip a huge divide, and the small
           | circle people sit back and laugh.
        
             | pchristensen wrote:
             | Engineers have a hard time with this, because we work in a
             | very 1-0, falsifiable world.
             | 
             | When people talk about "truth" with regard to society,
             | government, politics, culture, etc, they're talking about
             | "the story". A story is something that shortcuts
             | discussion, an agreement that two parties don't need to
             | litigate the foundation of.
             | 
             | Take the statement "Joe Biden is president of the USA."
             | Many people accept that as truth not requiring further
             | discussion. Many people do not accept that for a variety of
             | reasons. If you're going to make that statement, you need
             | to be prepared that some percentage of those hearing it
             | will object. There are people that will object to "The
             | earth is round."
             | 
             | So "post-truth" means that there's not a stable foundation
             | of generally agreed upon facts. The least common
             | denominator for discussion and agreement is smaller.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | > Many people do not accept that for a variety of
               | reasons.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean it isn't true about Biden being
               | president. It is a fact, Biden is the sworn-in president
               | of the United States. The part where people don't believe
               | this doesn't make the world post-truth, it just makes
               | some people wrong.
               | 
               | I don't care how hard someone believes Biden isn't
               | president, he is. he was sworn in, this is a fact, not an
               | opinion, not a story, not up for debate. The dude was
               | sworn in as the president, he is the president.
               | 
               | Was he elected fairly? I think so, some don't. Debate
               | that, sure. If two people on the opposite of that debate
               | try and convince the other, it won't happen. That isn't
               | post-truth, at all.
               | 
               | Truth still exists. People don't look for it. I posted
               | this the other day as an example: My Brother-in-Law said
               | recently "The NFL has declining viewership and is losing
               | interest because of all the different platforms they
               | stream to." Which I'm sure he heard/read somewhere, and
               | knowing the fella, had a political slant towards what he
               | was saying. I do not know what the slant was, but I DO
               | know he was wrong. The NFL had one of the best ratings
               | years ever in the 23-24 season.
               | 
               | My brother in law is just spouting nonsense. He didn't
               | try and find the truth. We argued for 3 minutes, I pulled
               | up the numbers, and he was wrong.
               | 
               | That isn't post-truth, it is willful ignorance, choosing
               | to believe a false narrative because it aligns with core
               | values.
        
             | silverquiet wrote:
             | Trivial facts, yes. I like "1 second is the time needed for
             | Cesium-133 to vibrate 9,192,631,770 times" or "the metre
             | has been defined as the length of the path travelled by
             | light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a
             | second", but who cares if the values were a bit different?
             | 
             | What does a life well lived mean? Is there a god or gods?
             | Which one should one worship if so? What does it mean to be
             | a good or bad person? Where does one find meaning? I don't
             | believe there are truthful answers to questions like that,
             | and modernity seems to annihilate the answers that cultures
             | have developed in past. I'm not particularly versed in
             | Nietzsche, but I believe he said it as "God is dead. God
             | remains dead. And we have killed him."
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | You're moving the goalposts. This seems to be happening a
               | lot lately...
               | 
               | You posited a lot of philosophical questions, and quoted
               | a famous philosopher.
               | 
               | "Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about
               | the nature of reality, knowledge, and value. These are
               | questions that everyone asks" [0]
               | 
               | If you're trying to say "we don't have answers to the
               | philosophical questions of our time" I would agree with
               | you. This would not be a salient point on your end, or
               | even a useful one. This is an example of a well-
               | established... dare I say... fact.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.cmich.edu/academics/colleges/liberal-
               | arts-social...
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | I don't feel like I moved any goalposts, but I'll fully
               | admit that I'm not among the best at using language here.
               | Objective fact may be possible, but truth is a human
               | value and I no longer believe that such a thing exists.
               | It's actually rather simple to get there from just what
               | you said above. If "Philosophy is the study of
               | fundamental questions about the nature of reality,
               | knowledge, and value." and "we don't have answers to the
               | philosophical questions of our time", then it would seem
               | to follow that we cannot agree on the nature of reality
               | which would seem to me to mean that we cannot find a
               | truth that all can agree upon.
               | 
               | Believe me, I'm not happy about it either.
        
               | svieira wrote:
               | Fortunately, Nietzsche was simply diagnosing a disease
               | rather than expounding on the nature of health. Yes, many
               | of us in the 20th and 21st centuries _act like_ God is
               | dead. But  "right is right, even if nobody thinks it is"
               | is something that people have recognized since ... oh,
               | Socrates? And once you probe how something can be "right"
               | even if "[everyone in society]" disagrees you find a law
               | giver. That's when the rubber _really_ meets the road.
        
               | ryandv wrote:
               | > "right is right, even if nobody thinks it is" is
               | something that people have recognized since ... oh,
               | Socrates?
               | 
               | Something recognized since Socrates, whose death was
               | foretold by Nietzsche, and finally rendered obsolete by
               | the postmodernists a la Baudrillard (1981):
               | All Western faith and good faith became engaged in this
               | wager on         representation: that a sign could refer
               | to the depth of meaning,         that a sign could be
               | exchanged for meaning and that something         could
               | guarantee this exchange-God of course.
               | 
               | To parse this idea properly it is important to define
               | your terms, and lack of adequate definition is what leads
               | to confusion especially as regards philosophical and
               | especially religious discourse. "God" here should be
               | taken to mean the belief in an absolute truth, a common,
               | shared, objective reality from which our subjective
               | realities are derived; metaphysics, spirits, ghosts,
               | "energies," New Age quantum bullshit, and creationism all
               | need not apply here (and are better dispensed with). It
               | is the underlying reality to which all symbols refer; the
               | concept of the pure simulacrum, the hyperreal, is a
               | symbol with no reference to any underlying reality
               | whatsoever, no referent, and thus untethered to any
               | actual reality - atheistic and "without God."
               | 
               | Language and rational discourse are based upon this
               | principle - that when we exchange words or symbols with
               | one another that refer to a thing, we have some hope in
               | hell of referring to the same thing, such that I can
               | represent an object in the "external world," or even a
               | thought in my intellectual "internal world" or "soul",
               | serialize it into a literate form, and have you
               | deserialize that literate string into the same
               | intellectual or cognitive structures that I beheld in my
               | own soul when I put those words together and hoped to
               | communicate to you.
               | 
               | "The death of God" means that we can no longer guarantee
               | this exchange of "meaning" between minds/souls (both of
               | which I regard as terms that refer to exactly the same
               | thing and are perfectly coextensive), because no symbols
               | are tethered to an underlying objective meaning nor
               | reality. Language and definitions are relative,
               | malleable, subject to revision. Context and intent of
               | language and expressions are irrelevant; the meaning of
               | any string of symbols is now unilaterally determined by
               | their impact or impression on the receiver, and thus any
               | subjective meaning can be inferred from any expression.
               | 
               | The condition of post-truth is a consequence of this
               | rejection of objective reality, of the elevation of
               | relativism to the highest degree, and the confusion of
               | (hyperreal, manufactured) symbols with actual reality.
               | There is no objective truth any more, only relativism,
               | narrative, and belief.
        
             | lainga wrote:
             | Plato has dealt with both of these already in the analogy
             | of the divided line as _dianoia_ (mathematical reasoning)
             | and _noesis_ (understanding). To Plato, facts are
             | likenesses of the truth, just as an imagined object is a
             | likeness of a real object.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy_of_the_divided_line
        
           | apantel wrote:
           | Nothing you said is truth. Those are just your own blind
           | beliefs. How do you know the universe is meaningless? Maybe
           | it's a simulation being run for a purpose, and the beings
           | running it care about the outcome. You're just spouting YOUR
           | truth, which is not truth at all.
        
             | silverquiet wrote:
             | > Maybe it's a simulation being run for a purpose, and the
             | beings running it care about the outcome.
             | 
             | This sounds an awful lot like a higher being who sits in
             | judgement of their creation; and something that humanity
             | seems to reach for very quickly. I was taught something
             | similar as a child, but lost the belief when I was still
             | quite young. I'd love to believe in a higher power or
             | purpose because nihilism is quite a terrible experience. I
             | often wonder if I'm just wired differently so in some way
             | unable to believe things as others are or if a lifetime of
             | chronic pain has revealed things to me that most people do
             | not learn until they are older.
        
         | sgu999 wrote:
         | > Such a society must inevitably collapse.
         | 
         | What are the examples of that? It's closer to a phase
         | transition than an actual collapse at the kind of scale we're
         | talking about here.
         | 
         | I'm not disagreeing with your sentiment, though.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Well, a _technological_ society that loses the idea of truth
           | as it relates to science and technology must inevitably
           | collapse in its level of technology. You can 't maintain
           | functioning tech on a "nothing is true" basis, because you
           | cannot tell what will work from what won't.
        
         | complianceowl wrote:
         | "truth doesn't exist" -- except for that truth statement you
         | just made? If no truth can exist, then why are you making a
         | truth statement?
         | 
         | Truth does exist. And the ultimate truth is Christ. Yes, those
         | words ring as ignorance to most, but just like we are forced to
         | reckon with gravity and the laws of physics, we all will one
         | day reckon with the ultimate truth.
         | 
         | But it is not my job to compel anyone to believe this. I just
         | find it fascinating that non-believers will believe in magic,
         | ghosts, simulations, aliens, evolution, but that a Creator that
         | exists outside of time, space, and matter created this
         | universe? Nah, that's ignorant religious thinking.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > "truth doesn't exist" -- except for that truth statement
           | you just made?
           | 
           | I never said that truth doesn't exist.
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | I think "post-truth" is a symptom of unequal power. The rich
         | and/or powerful can push their version of truth with little or
         | no consequences for them. Unfortunately for them, there's a
         | tendency for those in power to start believing the yes-men:
         | 
         | For example, in World War 2, the Japanese authoritarian regime
         | took over newspapers and newsreels. Any time they would lose a
         | battle, or have to withdraw, that would be stated as a victory.
         | By the end of 1942, they had stated that the Imperial Japanese
         | Navy had sunk _" 11 aircraft carriers, 11 battleships, 46
         | cruisers, 48 destroyers, and 93 submarines"_ (December 8th,
         | 1942)
         | 
         | The Japenese people could look at maps, and see that the
         | "glorious victories" were somehow occurring further and further
         | west, closer to home each time. But they had no power, no way
         | to challenge the newspapers and announcements from Navy and
         | Army HQs. And the constant propaganda had warped the
         | perspectives of everyone, including progressives and liberals,
         | so they fell in line too.
         | 
         | A large part of Japan's defeat was because they fought an
         | opponent capable of out-producing and out-training them. They
         | had started to believe their own bullshit about being a
         | superior race, about being simply better than the Americans,
         | and as you said, collapse was inevitable. Before the atomic
         | bombs convinced Hirohito to accept unconditional surrender,
         | Japan was close to famine. If the war had lasted into 1946,
         | millions of Japanese people would have died of starvation.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | Absolutely, we are. The greeks recognize the phenomenon early
       | through their concept of logos, and how it comes about is teche
       | fromw here we get the word "technology".
       | 
       | Currently, we have built our systems so strongly that we
       | practically develop technologically deterministically. Can we
       | help but develop new computer security technology? No. Can we
       | decide NOT to make computers faster, even if making new
       | technology constantly requires the unsustainable extraction of
       | raw materials and is polluting the entire planet? No, because
       | SOMEONE will make their computer faster, so we call have to do so
       | to keep up.
       | 
       | Our modern society is so intertwined, that we cannot make
       | decisions at ALL on which technologies to develop and which
       | technologies not too. The Amish do it, because they have some
       | foresight into it social impact, and because they've structured
       | their society to place their way of life ABOVE that of
       | technology. But the outside world IS technology now, and we are
       | but cells in the new amalgamation of humanity and machine and we
       | can no longer do anything about it...
       | 
       | ...that is, until someone starts a revolution and destroys it.
        
       | 39896880 wrote:
       | This piece mentions Harari's new work. Has anyone read it? I find
       | his style appealing but I have also read comments here that are
       | eyerolls similar to how Malcolm Gladwell is received, so I am
       | wondering if I should even bother.
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | My understanding is that he wraps Twitter hot takes in an aura
         | of credibility through narrative and authority without
         | necessarily providing any proof. So in that way I'm skeptical.
         | And it's also ironic that an article about post-truth lifts up
         | those kinds of ideas.
         | 
         | On the other hand, you could argue that at a certain
         | philosophical high level, you can't use current generation
         | paradigms to meaningfully explore next generation paradigms
         | anyway - so how else are we gonna intuit the world we're
         | transitioning into? I suspect that to explain emerging social
         | phenomena we're going to have to adopt some strange ideas,
         | whether it's neo-religious, postmodernism or Harari-style
         | scientism. Pick your flavor I guess..
        
       | dfxm12 wrote:
       | _For more and more people, a random YouTuber seemed preferable to
       | a credentialled expert_
       | 
       | People are too used to "having a platform" being a credential in
       | and of itself. They wouldn't let just anyone be a TV News anchor
       | or have a drive time talk radio show or write a book, right?
       | There have always been snake oil salesmen, but what's unique
       | about today is that it's very easy to make yourself look like Dan
       | Rather or Barbara Walters or even Hunter S. Thompson. Some people
       | fall into this false authority trap.
       | 
       | Anecdotally, I find that older generations are more willing to
       | accept what they see online just because it is "published"
       | online. Hopefully this is something that works itself out as more
       | and more people grow up with these platforms.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | Speaking of Dan Rather, remember he tried to pass off a forged
         | memo as real and was called out on it by a bunch of bloggers.
         | 
         | And recently Hollywood released a movie that tried to whitewash
         | this.
         | 
         | A lot of the hand-wringing about how no one cares for the truth
         | is mainly the elite crying over the loss of power to define
         | truth for everyone.
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | It's important to add that CBS _also retracted this story_.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | Which doesn't really happen anymore. How are you going to
             | retract Russiagate Pulitzers?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Which Russiagate Pulitzer are you referring to, the 1932
               | one?
        
               | lazyeye wrote:
               | Obviously not.
        
           | d_watt wrote:
           | I would think a key difference is once this was found out,
           | Dan Rather was fired.
           | 
           | There will always be failures of integrity. Our expectation
           | can't be infallible people, but rather the rigor of an
           | organization to care about the failures.
        
             | lazyeye wrote:
             | I think its more a case of once _other_ people found out it
             | became untenable to keep Dan Rather on.
             | 
             | However if his lies had not become public they would have
             | been happy to ignore it and move on to the next thing.
        
         | mountainb wrote:
         | Part of the issue is the aborted attempt to turn journalism
         | into a profession. Professionals, by and large, carry personal
         | liability for errors, negligence, and deliberate bad behavior
         | that harms their clients. Journalists are supposed to serve the
         | public interest, but they generally only have narrow personal
         | liability for torts like defamation. Recent precedent further
         | limits that personal liability.
         | 
         | Despite this, journalists in the later part of the 20th century
         | successfully created an aura of professionalism borrowed.
         | Cronkite, Rather, the 60 Minutes crew, etc. projected a sense
         | of seriousness and professional care. In some instances, the
         | newspapers really did and to some extent still do engage in
         | fact checking and other professional activities to increase
         | reliability. However, because all of these measures are self-
         | enforcing, they became over time even more corrupted than they
         | were before.
         | 
         | They increasingly relied on anonymous sourcing for important
         | matters, which is inherently open to abuse (it's why the
         | Constitution requires that a defendant be able to confront
         | their accusers and witnesses against them). They could no
         | longer maintain this false aura because they were repeatedly
         | confronted by bloggers and other small creators with evidence
         | of their unreliability.
         | 
         | The standard proposed solution to the problems created by
         | powerful universal publishing technology tends to be a
         | licensing regime of some kind as a preventative measure, or
         | otherwise that publishing technology providers submit to close
         | supervision by the state (as they did during the cough cough
         | era).
         | 
         | I think the better way that comports better with the
         | Constitution is to just to enforce the criminal laws and
         | facilitate civil suits against individuals retroactively for
         | the harms that they cause through illegal speech. There are
         | lots of kinds of illegal speech, e.g. you cannot engage in the
         | unauthorized practice of law, you cannot provide medical advice
         | without a license, you cannot defame people, you cannot incite
         | riots, you cannot procure criminal acts, you cannot defraud,
         | you cannot infringe on copyright, and so on and so forth. More
         | lawsuits and prosecutions for illegal speech -- a reactive way
         | of addressing the issues -- is less harmful and better comports
         | with the Constitution than proactive means such as requiring
         | that every social media user have a license that can be revoked
         | or that the platforms submit to close management by the Article
         | II government.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > There are lots of kinds of illegal speech, e.g. you cannot
           | engage in the unauthorized practice of law, you cannot
           | provide medical advice without a license, you cannot defame
           | people, you cannot incite riots, you cannot procure criminal
           | acts, you cannot defraud, you cannot infringe on copyright,
           | and so on and so forth.
           | 
           | Is this sentence unauthorized practice of law?
           | 
           | edit: It's a rhetorical question. If I had power over
           | policing and the justice system, and I disagreed with you,
           | and it were actually illegal to give legal or medical advice
           | to people without a license (which it is not), it would
           | absolutely be unauthorized practice of law and the spreading
           | of misinformation. I might also claim that you're doing it to
           | help Russia weaken a potential future law that would force
           | journalists to be licensed. I will claim this with no
           | evidence, but I will claim it everywhere, through dozens of
           | different, soon-to-be-licensed, mouths. The rumor will be
           | used as grounds to investigate you.
        
             | singleshot_ wrote:
             | What caused you to believe that the unlicensed practice of
             | medicine and law are legal? Are you drawing a distinction
             | between advice and information, perhaps?
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > you cannot incite riots
           | 
           | We've just been through a week of Americans on Twitter
           | getting shocked at Brits on Twitter because there's some,
           | very minimal, legal action being taken against people who
           | incited riots through false statements on social media. I
           | think you need to be much clearer about what this actually
           | means. Especially as there has been very little prosecution
           | of Jan 6 "inciters" (as opposed to people who were physically
           | there committing crimes while being filmed)
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | Describe "minimal." The new journalism/discourse seems to
             | be full of adjectives that presuppose conclusions.
        
             | singleshot_ wrote:
             | The Brandenburg court did this pretty explicitly, no?
        
           | pimlottc wrote:
           | > Part of the issue is the aborted attempt to turn journalism
           | into a profession.
           | 
           | The term "unfunded mandate" come to mind. Journalists should
           | aspire to a higher standard (just as software developers
           | should), but nobody's incentivizing it. Get the scoop, get
           | the clicks, publish first and make it an exclusive.
           | Traditional media is getting squeezed from all angles, who's
           | got time to fact check, who's got the budget for deep
           | research? It's hard to blame the poor journalist, who's just
           | trying to survive in a landscape where anyone with a social
           | media account is given the same consideration as an
           | authority.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | Or maybe instead, distrust of credentialed experts is a natural
         | consequence of it becoming easier to catch people out when they
         | lie?
         | 
         | If say Fauci declares that there was no gain-of-function
         | research, and some random blogger does a FOIA that turns up a
         | paper trail proving otherwise? That's much easier to find out
         | about these days than if I was limited to what a TV channel or
         | two and maybe a couple newspapers decided to cover.
        
       | svieira wrote:
       | Earthweb (https://www.baen.com/earthweb.html) is a story of a
       | version of the internet where Gurri's "acerbic internet" was a
       | more PH-neutral environment.
        
       | bsuvc wrote:
       | > I realized that I couldn't restrict my search for evidence to
       | the familiar authoritative sources without ignoring a near-
       | infinite number of new sources
       | 
       | This happens because the so-called "authoritative sources" have
       | lost their trustworthiness, creating a vacuum that is filled by
       | new sources, some good and some bad.
       | 
       | The problem is, people are bad at thinking for themselves, and
       | basically outsource their beliefs to third parties. Are we worse
       | at this than we used to be, or has it always been like this?
       | 
       | We need more primary sources of information, and less filters
       | trying to persuade us, who often have unseen agendas and
       | different motivations.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | Gathering and evaluating information is hard work and can be a
         | significant time sink. Most people have other things going on
         | in their lives that they'd like to have time for.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | Throw in AI crap that can be insanely convincing into the fold
         | posted by trolls and people seeking ad eyeballs.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | >I realized that I couldn't restrict my search for evidence
           | to the familiar authoritative sources without ignoring a
           | near-infinite number of new sources
           | 
           | This was in the early 2000's when the CIA analyst said this,
           | but with familiarity of a time when the _majority_ of online
           | sources had been trustworthy (if not completely
           | authoritative), it was easier to navigate the pitfalls at the
           | time.
           | 
           | It was still possible to judiciously exploit the new sources
           | for deep research to a worthwhile degree for another reason
           | because there was _lots more_ info (but noisier by far)
           | coming from all directions, but I wouldn 't say they were
           | exactly near-infinite.
           | 
           | Not compared to today.
           | 
           | Now I would say it's near-infinite.
           | 
           | Although AI may not have yet had the full effect that it
           | could be capable of.
           | 
           | So I could be underestimating . . .
        
         | dageshi wrote:
         | Who really has the time or energy to actually do all that?
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | Exactly. I was in a discussion thread where someone mentioned
           | a book that was accusing some group of becoming apostate (in
           | terms of the context of this particular community). Now most
           | people in that community don't think the author of said book
           | is an unbiased source of information - in fact the bias seems
           | quite blatant. But people in the thread were saying "Have you
           | read the book?!" and most people said "No, I've got better
           | things to do" to which the reply was "Well, then you don't
           | want the truth!"... and on and on. Who's got time to check
           | out every crackpot source and determine it's veracity?
        
             | Modified3019 wrote:
             | Yah this is basically a weaponized version of "Brandolini's
             | law" and other related concepts like "Gish gallop".
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini's_law
             | 
             | I personally remember it as "an ounce of bullshit takes a
             | pound of truth to clean up".
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | What is funny about all this is treating Harari as some kind of
       | expert.
       | 
       | His training is in medieval military history. He is not an
       | anthropologist. Yet he is always make grand pronouncements about
       | human behavior.
       | 
       | Most of his fame is not due to his academic achievements but
       | because he can write very engaging popular works. Harari has a
       | lot more in common with a popular YouTube "expert" than he would
       | care to admit.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Since he's using the New Yorker's journalism license here, he
         | becomes an authority on whatever subject he wants. Disagreeing
         | with him here is some sort of "-information" with prefix, and
         | may get you deleted on facebook.
        
         | carlmr wrote:
         | >His training is in medieval military history. He is not an
         | anthropologist. Yet he is always make grand pronouncements
         | about human behavior.
         | 
         | Some of the best software engineers studied something else.
         | Only because his training is in something else doesn't mean he
         | didn't read up on it or is not knowledgeable about human
         | behavior.
         | 
         | Also history kind of chronicles aggregate human behavior, so
         | it's at least a related discipline.
         | 
         | I'm not saying he is knowledgeable, mind you, I just think you
         | shouldn't pigeonhole people based on doing exactly what they
         | studied. Because many people don't do exactly what they studied
         | and are experts in it.
        
       | JohnMakin wrote:
       | I have too often lately been in a situation where I cannot find
       | any authoritative sources for a topic where there should be one.
       | The first time this happened it was deeply unsettling - I
       | couldn't recall going back a decade a single time I couldn't find
       | a random piece of information - it was sometime mid-2022. Now
       | it's so commonplace I just resign myself that I may just not get
       | an answer to whatever question I have.
       | 
       | The most ironic thing would be if this "post truth" situation we
       | seem to be in drives people back to brick and mortar libraries.
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | I am curious about the problem from the perspective of a
         | startup idea / nonprofit website. What would you look for in an
         | authoritative source that doesn't exist now? And which topics
         | were you looking into?
        
           | JohnMakin wrote:
           | It's not really that they don't exist, but it's silly stupid
           | to find them now.
           | 
           | For instance - ddg, google, doesn't really matter the search
           | engine - typing in something like "ohtani batting average
           | with runners in scoring position with 2 outs" used to be so
           | easy it'd practically pop up in the quick answers with the
           | exact link to the ESPN table or
           | dudewhoneverleavesbasement.com that has tracked every
           | baseball stat for the last 150 years.
           | 
           | Now you just get basically the same results for "ohtani
           | batting average" or "ohtani news." It's impossibly
           | frustrating. It's like that with _everything_ now.
           | 
           | I guess that's more of a problem with search than anything
           | else, but honestly, search is the main way people navigate
           | the web. If I want anything authoritative, honestly, I'm
           | probably going to wikipedia to see a source list and then
           | checking out authors in the local library. Anything dated
           | post 2022 I consider inherently unreliable.
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | I've had the same bad experience with search as you've had,
             | but my conclusion was that AI tools are just going to
             | replace "using a search engine" in the near future. Google
             | is more and more unusable to me.
             | 
             | That doesn't exactly solve the authoritative problem, but
             | theoretically it makes it more centralized (one AI company
             | vs. innumerable websites.)
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I find AI to be as bad as search engines, except they
               | will try to pass the wrong answer off as the correct one
        
               | gibbitz wrote:
               | What worries me is as soon as we accept AI results with
               | no fact checking (or ignore it) they will become the
               | means to directly manipulate people without any recourse
               | for judgement about veracity. Like phishing emails with
               | perfect spelling and well formatted HTML.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | On the one hand this is definitely a potential issue.
               | 
               | On the other hand I'm not sure how the current state of
               | the web is really any different. We just rely on Google
               | or whatever search engine to "fact check."
        
             | dageshi wrote:
             | I think the issue is, dudewhoneverleavesbasement.com
             | stopped working on his website and his potential successor
             | is more likely to be trying to turn that information into
             | an interesting youtube video.
        
               | JohnMakin wrote:
               | I think this is definitely _an_ issue but not the only
               | one. In the game knowledge part of the web, there used to
               | be personal sites written in plain html of some guy's faq
               | who figured out every single thing in a final fantasy
               | game and google would draw on stuff like that. Now you
               | get AI SEO spam heavily monetized drivel that contains a
               | lot of inaccurate or outright false info.
               | 
               | I think the small sites like that are either mostly gone
               | or simply not ever indexed.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The authoritative source has to be .. authoritative. And it
           | also has to be timely, i.e. updated in real time. This is
           | _hard_. Being an authoritative source for certain sub-types
           | of information is definitely a viable business, but only if
           | your information is being used by other people to make
           | business decisions. See, for example, the Bloomberg terminal.
           | 
           | But "authoritative" is a social construct.
        
           | apantel wrote:
           | The person writing about the thing has to be knowledgeable,
           | correct, and telling the truth.
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | Yes, of course, but how are you determining if this is the
             | case?
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | Take post-truth and cross it with higher noise than ever and
         | you get bullshit squared.
         | 
         | And that's before introducing exponent AI ;)
        
         | throwawayk7h wrote:
         | Can you describe an occurence or two like this?
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | >authoritative sources
       | 
       | The opposite is a problem too when authoritative sources on X
       | topic start to talk about Y topic as if they still have the same
       | knowledge and expertise and we should trust them. I see this more
       | and more everywhere, here on HN too.
        
       | soared wrote:
       | I wonder if this is partially caused by the internet spreading
       | accurate knowledge for the first decade or so of its existence,
       | which went against people's existing sets of beliefs. After which
       | they're primed that the beliefs they held for decades (pre-
       | internet) could easily be wrong.
       | 
       | How many times have you believed and old wives tale, but then
       | found out it's not true at all? Now apply that less to specific
       | beliefs but more generally, and scale it across all your beliefs.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | > After which they're primed that the beliefs they held for
         | decades (pre-internet) could easily be wrong.
         | 
         | I wish the majority of dwellers of the Internet is able to do
         | this (I feel I'm quite reflective), but it seems like a lot of
         | the noise online is people insisting that they've been right
         | the whole time...
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | The author would have done well to read "The Beginning of
       | Infinity" by Deutsch which has well rounded discussion of
       | different methods of epistemology espoused over time. The
       | development past authority need not result in anarchy. Deutsch's
       | view, embracing fallibility can achieve an advancement of human
       | creativity and knowledge.
        
       | isaacremuant wrote:
       | Meh. Most comments here seem to be playing this pretense game
       | that having to be critical about what you read is something that
       | happened post 2016 and pretending the internet somehow changed
       | things for the worse when media, biases, political influence and
       | propaganda hasn't been a think since the Inception of the written
       | word.
       | 
       | If you think we're suddenly "worse" then you're probably too used
       | to your alleged set of beliefs being spread and shared by the
       | major narrative setters and you were too comfortable in that echo
       | chamber.
       | 
       | But hey, it's easier to call anyone who thinks differently some
       | name (Today it's customary to rail against the evil right, in
       | "the west" but your mileage may vary) and write "insightful
       | articles" about post truth eras and the like.
        
       | akira2501 wrote:
       | > You can learn more about how Americans live just by looking at
       | the backgrounds of YouTube videos--those rumpled bedrooms and
       | toy-strewn basement rec rooms--than you could from 1,000 hours of
       | network television." Back then, info-determinism was exciting.
       | Today, it feels like a challenge which we must surmount, or else.
       | 
       | You can learn more about the deranged minds of CIA officers and
       | "public intellectuals" from the backgrounds of their arguments
       | than you can from taking them at face value.
       | 
       | These people are _completely afraid_ of living in a world which
       | does not require their permission or ideology in order to
       | function. This article is written entirely from the "state" point
       | of view and completely lacks any "humanity" whatsoever.
       | 
       | > And yet, "the public opposes, but does not propose."
       | Demolishing ideas is easy in a subreddit; crafting new ones there
       | is mostly beside the point.
       | 
       | Give me a break. Tons of new ideas and new systems and new
       | projects have been created on the internet using precisely this
       | mechanism and with zero government authority involved. This is a
       | completely ridiculous assertion by the article.
       | 
       | > How can a society function when the rejection of knowledge
       | becomes a political act?
       | 
       | Is it the rejection of knowledge or simply the rejection of
       | authority? Perhaps people expect those in authority to actually
       | explain themselves, to act in a transparent manner, and to not
       | use their power to unfairly benefit one group over another.
       | 
       | > But democracy on a mass scale depends on mass institutions--
       | mass media, mass education, mass culture--that seem likely to
       | fracture or mutate with the arrival of A.I. The forms of
       | government that flourished in one info-epoch may not thrive in
       | the next.
       | 
       | I'm sorry, but what a total crock of shit, this idea that "mass
       | anything" is somehow _required_ for "mass democracy" to function,
       | or even that "mass democracy" is something experienced in any of
       | our governments.
       | 
       | It really sounds like these people want to diminish humanity at
       | all costs, in favor of AI, so they can regain control of our
       | information space, and have the ability to manipulate the entire
       | world en masse and without any oversight or responsibility for
       | it.
       | 
       | I'm completely grossed out by this article and the people within
       | it.
        
         | ElevenLathe wrote:
         | Thank you for articulating these criticisms. IMO people like
         | the author are pining for high modernism when we've been in a
         | postmodern media (and cultural) landscape for at least a couple
         | decades now. It's the same impulse that has extremely online
         | right wingers pining for "trad" values while posting waifus.
         | They seem to wish we could live in the Eisenhower
         | administration forever. Unfortunately for these people, that's
         | just not possible.
         | 
         | Edit: also want to add this quote:
         | 
         | >...disillusioned voters might adopt more realistic
         | expectations about how much leaders can improve their lives.
         | 
         | This article positions itself against "nihilism" but this is
         | the most nihilistic thing I've seen in a piece of political
         | writing. This is no more than a way to say that elites should
         | tell voters: "Peons, stop expecting your lives to get better.
         | That's not our relationship. This is not a democracy, and your
         | role in society is to suffer silently while also praising us."
        
         | stonethrowaway wrote:
         | We've been dealing with this for some time unfortunately.
         | "Democracy" is used when "think of the children" won't sell.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > This article is written entirely from the "state" point of
         | view and completely lacks any "humanity" whatsoever.
         | 
         | Well of course it's pro-statist: it's from _The New Yorker_.
         | There aren 't many more leftist publication than that one and
         | leftists _love_ the state: it 's their religion.
         | 
         | To these people every single problem is due to "not enough
         | state" and the solution is always "more state", which can be
         | seen here:
         | 
         | > But democracy on a mass scale depends on mass institutions--
         | mass media, mass education, mass culture ...
         | 
         | Yeah. Mass state. Mass mind control. More left.
         | 
         | I honestly don't understand how anyone who thinks for himself
         | cannot see through this pile of horseshit.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | IMVHO and perception we live in an era of very informed
       | ignorance, NOT in the Socrates sense of course... I can speculate
       | about various cohort of informed ignorant (me included), like
       | those who demand "numbers" but not care how they was generated,
       | so for them a "good looking" page of data CERTAINLY it's true or
       | those who read only a specific news source and so on.
       | 
       | The signal/noise ratio it's not a new thing of course, but the
       | real problem is mean (absence of) culture not information per se.
        
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