[HN Gopher] Fair Source: Sustainability with no customer risk
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       Fair Source: Sustainability with no customer risk
        
       Author : ezekg
       Score  : 21 points
       Date   : 2024-08-11 16:16 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pepicrft.me)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pepicrft.me)
        
       | ezekg wrote:
       | Prior musings on the topic from the author:
       | 
       | - https://pepicrft.me/blog/2024/08/02/commercial-oss
       | 
       | - https://pepicrft.me/blog/2024/07/22/openness-as-a-tool-of-tr...
       | 
       | - https://pepicrft.me/blog/2024/07/09/when-you-are-open
        
       | Sytten wrote:
       | Is there a similar license for non SaaS software? I feel the B2C
       | space didnt get the same attention for those new licenses.
        
         | ezekg wrote:
         | There's the Fair Core License [0] for projects that monetize
         | self-hosting with commercial features e.g. an "open core"-style
         | project. Is that what you're thinking? Or what's the difference
         | between B2B and B2C in your case?
         | 
         | [0]: https://fcl.dev
        
           | Sytten wrote:
           | Nah I am selling software you install on your computer so
           | that probably wont work
        
             | ezekg wrote:
             | So am I via self-hosting. The license's non-compete isn't
             | specific to SaaS like e.g. the ELv2 is. Why wouldn't it
             | work?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | For B2C you might be better off monetizing with
         | trademarks/branding and marketing.
         | 
         | There's also the FUTO License
         | https://gitlab.futo.org/videostreaming/grayjay/-/blob/master...
         | but since donations don't work...
        
         | arccy wrote:
         | I don't see why you couldn't use it for non SaaS, the Fair
         | Source License (FSL) [1] they're using here doesn't say
         | anything about hosting, only competition in the form of:
         | 
         | > - substitutes for the Software; > - substitutes for any other
         | product or service we offer using the Software that exists as
         | of the date we make the Software available; or > - offers the
         | same or substantially similar functionality as the Software.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what you'd target with B2C, these licenses exist
         | explicitly to allow end users to run their own versions for
         | private use.
         | 
         | [1]: https://fsl.software/
        
           | Sytten wrote:
           | Because I am selling to thinkerers so if the license allows
           | redistribution of modified software that say removes
           | limitations of pricing tiers then it is not good.
        
       | Zambyte wrote:
       | > Open Source and permissive licenses like MIT and Apache bring
       | freedom but don't protect the business. Companies can try to
       | benefit from it in a predatory way [...]
       | 
       | I get that this post is about choosing a certain non-Free
       | license, but it seems _very_ weird to me to describe businesses
       | leveraging the permissive terms of permissive licenses as
       | "predatory" behavior. Permissive licenses were created in
       | response to hereditary licenses like the GPL _specifically_ to
       | allow the kind of behavior that the author is referring to as
       | "predatory". Blaming anyone but yourself for choosing to license
       | your code with a license designed to enable behavior you don't
       | like seems quite silly.
       | 
       | > Other organizations seek protection by adopting AGPLv3, which
       | many companies have policies against, and selling dual licenses
       | and enterprise features. Those businesses are often referred to
       | as Open Core.
       | 
       | Open core is related to, but not the same as the dual licensing
       | pattern they are describing. Open core is basically the same as
       | dual licensing, but the different licenses actually apply to
       | different sets of software under the Open core model.
        
         | nickpsecurity wrote:
         | Some people release software under a permissive license, people
         | use it according to the terms of that license, and they get mad
         | about it. It's unreal.
         | 
         | If they want specific behaviors, they should put them in the
         | license or in a contract. Businesses will probably not use it
         | over permissive software, though.
        
           | nope1000 wrote:
           | > If they want specific behaviours, they should put them in
           | the license
           | 
           | But that's exactly the point of the article, isn't it?
        
       | oddevan wrote:
       | What's the risk for businesses in a dual-license situation? The
       | public can use the AGPL, or the business can get a private
       | license with no viral stipulations at all. Is it just the FUD
       | around a GPL-like license?
       | 
       | (Serious question, as this is the business model I'm pursuing.)
        
         | nickpsecurity wrote:
         | Part of the problem is: "what can I do with the commercial
         | source?"
         | 
         | The open-source code lets you modify and distribute. There's
         | either no risk (permissive) or well-understood. Proprietary
         | licenses often don't allow freedoms like that. So, some of the
         | new licenses are addressing modification and redistribution of
         | source-available, proprietary code.
         | 
         | Far as AGPL, it's very unpopular even among FOSS users. Just
         | using it almost guarantees less adoption of your code. Whether
         | that's fair or not, I'm just saying it's a reality that you
         | might be limiting the impact of FOSS code if it's AGPL.
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | I wouldn't really say there's a _risk_. It 's just inferior to
         | an open core model in most cases. The private license deters
         | independent contributions, the AGPL license prevents small
         | businesses who can't yet afford your system from using it, and
         | large corporations don't care at all that your full source code
         | is publicly available.
        
           | ezekg wrote:
           | I would argue that fair core is, in a lot of cases (not all
           | ofc), superior in the long run to open core, because under
           | fair core, the entire code base eventually becomes open
           | source, unlike open core where commercial features remain
           | proprietary/closed indefinitely. There are pros and cons of
           | both that need to be weighed ofc, but I personally really
           | like fair core.
           | 
           | (Disclaimer: I contributed to the FCL: https://fcl.dev)
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | I like the idea in principle after reading through it - it
             | lines up with a lot of conventional wisdom about how fast
             | software becomes commoditized. But there's a lot of
             | practical aspects of commercial development that I'm not
             | sure really work when your commits go out to the public.
             | How would an FCL codebase, for example:
             | 
             | * Merge a bad change which makes the project worse, because
             | it'll unblock a contract that stands to make your company a
             | lot of money.
             | 
             | * Iterate on support for a proprietary workload from one of
             | your customers, who has _not_ licensed that workload
             | publicly and indeed may consider it a trade secret.
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | 1. Just do it and don't apologize to freeloaders.
               | 
               | 2. Don't name customers in commits.
        
       | max-privatevoid wrote:
       | Perhaps one day we will have a way to monetize software
       | development that works for true Free Software and doesn't require
       | these bullshit openwashing licenses.
        
       | TheChaplain wrote:
       | Then how does it work if I haven't started a business yet?
       | 
       | I invent something, AWS find it useful and start providing it as
       | a service.
       | 
       | Now I want a piece of the action and start a business myself.
       | 
       | Does that means AWS have to stop offering the service?
       | 
       | Also same if I change direction of my business, to begin
       | competing with a company providing the service.
       | 
       | If that is the case, I don't see why companies would touch
       | anything with that license...
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | If you're starting a project with the intent of eventually
         | making it into a business, you use this license and AWS doesn't
         | touch it. If you're starting a project with the intent of
         | always keeping it FOSS, you use MIT and don't care what AWS
         | does.
         | 
         | Sentry's license is a fantastic alternative to just never
         | opening up the source, and that's how we should be thinking
         | about it.
        
         | cge wrote:
         | While I'm not quite sure what my opinion on this license is
         | yet, it does appear to try to at least partially address that.
         | 
         | Whether or not you are offering the software itself as a
         | service, the license does not allow it to be commercially
         | offered as a service directly at all.
         | 
         | For services _using_ the software, it prohibits the user making
         | the software available to others as part of a commercial
         | product or service that  "substitutes for any other product or
         | service we offer using the Software that exists as of the date
         | we make the Software available", with the "Software" being
         | "each version of the software".
         | 
         | That would seem to mean, for simply using the software, that
         | AWS could continue offering the service, but after that point,
         | would not be able to update to the next version of the
         | software. It seems like the other prohibitions would prevent
         | them from forking it, but possibly not from working around the
         | old version in other code.
         | 
         | In practice, it would likely mean no one would use the software
         | commercially for two years, or would simply use two-year-
         | outdated versions, perhaps with patches.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | "Fair Source" strikes me as a great idea, but I see many many
       | people misunderstand the intent, and being mad at the company for
       | not using a FOSS license. However, that was never the choice: The
       | choice was always between "fair source" and "closed source", and
       | I'm glad a reasonably open alternative to closed source exists.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | We're still in the hangover period from when VCs would shovel
         | money into open-source startups that had no business model.
         | Fair source feels like a step down from that.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | And it's a smaller step down than closing the source
           | completely.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | I think it's a great idea, but I'd love to see a _little_ bit
         | more consideration around labeling one's licensing scheme as
         | the "fair" one.
         | 
         | Intuitively: if I named my political party "the party without
         | stinky feet," it's clear that I'm indirectly saying that other
         | parties do have stinky feet. In a similar manner, labeling
         | yourself the "fair" one indirectly suggests that other
         | licensing schemes, including OSS ones, are somehow unfair.
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | Open-source licenses absolutely can be unfair. If a company
           | takes your MIT-licensed software and builds a huge enterprise
           | on it and gives you none of the money? That's unfair for you.
           | But with closed-source software, it's unfair for everyone who
           | uses it. So imagine if there were some sort of middle ground.
           | (I'm not currently aware of a good one, lol)
           | 
           | I'm not talking about if someone uses left-pad as part of a
           | billion LOC project, but more like if a company builds its
           | entire stack on top of something like, say, ffmpeg, or
           | ImageMagick, and the original devs never see even a smidgeon
           | of thanks.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | Sure, I wouldn't describe that as fair. But that's my
             | point: OSS licenses don't use phrases like "fair": they
             | talk concretely in terms of _rights and guarantees_ , and
             | they leave it up to both parties to determine whether those
             | rights and guarantees are what they want.
             | 
             | I think this _can_ be fair. But I would love to have seen
             | that communicated as  "we wrote the license to address the
             | problem of fairness in corporate usage of OSS," not "this
             | _is_ a /the fair license." The latter is a value judgment
             | that isn't universalizable.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I read it at first like the usage of fair was as in
               | quantity, as in a middle ground between fully closed and
               | fully open. But calling it a "medium source license"
               | would probably sound weirder than "fair source".
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | King Solomon has a thing or two to say about middle
               | grounds :-)[1]
               | 
               | (I agree that "medium source" sounds very weird. Maybe
               | they could have called it the "Availability License" or
               | something similar to emphasize that this is about finding
               | a sweet spot between monetization rights and exposing the
               | source code to the public eye. I don't think that would
               | carry the same baggage as "fair," but it also certainly
               | doesn't have the same marketing flair to it.)
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon
        
             | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
             | Use without compensation is what an author intentionally
             | signed up for by choosing the MIT license or other FOSS
             | licenses. The marketers are trying to sell this as
             | "unfair", "predatory", etc., as if the authors were too
             | ignorant to understand the implications of their own
             | license choice.
             | 
             | It is perfectly fine to choose Fair Source as a license;
             | that's the prerogative of whoever is writing the code. But
             | don't let these people marketing Fair Source circulate the
             | idea that FOSS licensing is "unfair". It's just another
             | sleazy tactic they're trying after their attempt to
             | redefine open source to include their proprietary Fair
             | Source licensing got rebuffed by the community.
        
       | eikenberry wrote:
       | Does is require a CLA? That's the deal breaker for me as
       | distributed license ownership is one of the most important ways
       | free software is kept free. Changing the license of a large free
       | software project should be hard/impossible.
        
         | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
         | The FSL and other licenses are not special when it comes to how
         | the contributions are managed. In theory every contribution
         | needs a CLA or something similar regardless of where you
         | contribute it accept contributions.
         | 
         | That most projects don't require that is typically a result of
         | "it doesn't matter until it matters".
        
       | davidgerard wrote:
       | Yet another way to spell "proprietary" - who says tech can't
       | invent new things?
       | 
       | Why is it all these companies try to change the meaning of "open
       | source" rather than open their source?
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | They very specifically are not using the term "open source", so
         | your objection is kind of unreasonable.
        
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