[HN Gopher] East Germany invented 'unbreakable' drinking glasses
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       East Germany invented 'unbreakable' drinking glasses
        
       Author : n1b0m
       Score  : 353 points
       Date   : 2024-08-06 17:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | varshithr wrote:
       | There's an excellent youtube video that discusses this topic:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEvBpjCOBu0
        
         | voidey wrote:
         | Indeed, was going to share that but you already did.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | This video makes the point that the technology was also
         | developed by Corning (allegedly independently, though I am
         | skeptical that it independently came up with the concept, given
         | that the video claims that the Superfest process was patented),
         | which was likewise unsuccessful in finding a market for it
         | until Apple came looking for a tough screen for its iPhone.
        
       | torginus wrote:
       | Here's a video of a guy dropping said unbreakable glass 3 times
       | and breaking it:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NIAbt_GxPsg
       | 
       | The problem with unbreakable glass is once it hits a really hard
       | material, like a grain of quartz, or a ceramic fragment, it
       | breaks just the same.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | It doesn't have to be perfect, as long as it lasts much longer
         | it's already a big win.
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | I have a few glasses with handles from the fifties (or as far
           | back as the twenties, there's no stamp on them) that are
           | quite brittle and will for sure break at the bottom if you
           | pour hot water in them.
           | 
           | Seems to me like they last long enough when taken care of,
           | and in situations where you don't the "unbreakable" glass
           | splinters into a rather nasty dust like material.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | I like the drinking glasses from hardened glass. When they
             | break, they shatter into a lot of almost cubic pieces, not
             | into little syringe like splinter like regular glass.
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | Is it? Based on what metric.
           | 
           | If a glass costs EUR1 and lasts 1 year, and an unbreakable
           | glass costs EUR10 and lasts 5 years, that's not a big win.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Not if going out and buying the glasses takes time, or if
             | storing additional spare glasses takes precious space, or
             | cleaning the broken glass takes workers' time, or if the
             | broken glass could be a hazard, or there may be supply
             | issues with getting the same uniform glasses years later,
             | or any other number of reasons.
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Oh the new version of the glasses will be cheaper, more
               | durable, lighter, more energy efficient to make.
               | 
               | The point remains, longer lasting glasses may or may not
               | be superior.
        
               | pixelfarmer wrote:
               | It is all about metrics and how you bend them to whatever
               | you prefer. However, the more this deviates from actual
               | reality, the more likely reality will eventually show up
               | and bust the show in the most horrible way possible.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | You don't know that when making the initial purchase.
        
             | xnickb wrote:
             | The article talks about sustainability, so clearly Euro
             | isn't the unit to measure that.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Ideally the cost would include all externalities and thus
               | allow people to judge the value and bare the full cost.
               | 
               | But kWh, or grammes of glass, or carbon credits, or
               | whatever you want.
               | 
               | Normal glass is very recyclable and doesn't require a lot
               | of energy or resource to recycle. "Long life" glass may
               | well not be recycled at all.
        
             | Tepix wrote:
             | Creating glass requires a lot of energy, which should be
             | reflected in its price. Chances are creating a much
             | stronger glass will not be much more expensive than a
             | normal glass.
        
             | t43562 wrote:
             | The problem is really about who gets the benefit of the
             | longevity - e.g. I feel that with LED lightbulbs etc it is
             | mostly the producer who has soaked up the economic benefit.
             | As a user you think it's going to last longer and then for
             | one reason or another it doesn't - they've worked out how
             | to introduce some unreliability.
             | 
             | Now you're paying 5x more for 1.5x life. etc etc.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | I suspect that waste produced by broken glasses is so
           | minuscule compared to the overall glass production/waste that
           | this is largely irrelevant.
           | 
           | Edit: Apparently glass cookware and drinking glasses are
           | often not recyclable. This seems like a more important aspect
           | to improve than durability even if, again, still overall a
           | small improvement compared to overall glass industry.
        
             | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
             | Broken glasses in bars, for example, have a lot more
             | impacts than just waste.
             | 
             | Broken glass has to be cleaned up, causes injuries, even
             | causes lost product in some situations.
             | 
             | I was in a cocktail bar once with three friends who ordered
             | us the same chilled cocktail, served there day in, day out,
             | and as the cocktails were poured into the glasses, three of
             | the four glasses broke. Plink, plink, plink.
             | 
             | Glasses too hot, cocktail too cold, some other handling
             | problem. Who knows. But tougher glass might not have done
             | that.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | That sounds like clutching at straws while not really
               | showing how that'd make a significant difference to
               | anything.
               | 
               | Make all glasses recyclable. Probably more important but
               | less marketable for a new startup idea...
        
               | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
               | I don't think it is "clutching at straws" for a bar to
               | want glasses that break less frequently, causing fewer
               | safety concerns, and to be prepared to pay the extra, but
               | whatever.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | A friend used to work in a student bar as a bartender.
               | Broken glass was legitimately a safety issue. Drunken
               | people can cut themselves quite creatively, including
               | severed sinews.
               | 
               | Ironically, most of his patrons were medical students.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | Short tangential story:
         | 
         | My grandfather many decades ago came home with a pack of
         | "unbreakable" glasses. My grandmother asked why he had bought
         | them. He shrugged and replied "well, if you don't want them..."
         | and threw them all on the floor.
         | 
         | They all broke, of course.
         | 
         | My grandmother was not amused. She was a very serious person.
         | The rest of the family is still laughing on 60 years later.
        
           | sumtechguy wrote:
           | My aunt did that with a corningware plate. "This is
           | unbreakable" then proceeded to yeet it on the concrete floor
           | covered in linoleum. It was quiet an impressive splash of
           | splinters everywhere.
           | 
           | Shatter resistant is a better term. :) Or as
           | Jerryrigeverything says 'glass is glass'.
        
       | leeoniya wrote:
       | discussed 3 months ago:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40260399
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | That's a completely different article.
        
         | knowaveragejoe wrote:
         | It was discussed here even more recently than that.
        
       | veltas wrote:
       | In the UK, and I suspect elsewhere, pub glasses are manufactured
       | to indicate their age as they're meant to be replaced regularly.
       | Often in pubs you can see they've far outlived their proper life,
       | if you know what to look for, and are covered in etches from
       | repeated washes. Clearly glasses last a long time, I don't think
       | smashing is the kind of issue they're making it out to be.
       | 
       | These hardened glasses are sharper when they smash. They tend to
       | smash after a few drops, but more drops than normal glasses.
       | 
       | They solve a historical problem from East Germany: lack of
       | resources to make glass, which is no longer a problem. Normal
       | glasses are recyclable. EDIT: No apparently they are not, so
       | maybe that's useful?
        
         | Rinzler89 wrote:
         | _> pub glasses are manufactured to indicate their age_
         | 
         | Why? This just sounds like planned obsolescence.
         | 
         |  _> as they're meant to be replaced regularly_
         | 
         | Why? Is it a real hygrine problem or something?
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | It's likely the washing process still scratches the glass but
           | it's less visible. It doesn't increase the "safe" life of the
           | glass, as bacteria is still able to get into those scratches.
           | 
           | Making the scratches obvious makes clear to the pub landlord
           | that they need to be replaced (and tips patrons off so
           | they'll put pressure on the landlord by not coming back).
        
             | Rinzler89 wrote:
             | _> It's likely the washing process still scratches the
             | glass but it's less visible. It doesn't increase the "safe"
             | life of the glass, as bacteria is still able to get into
             | those scratches. _
             | 
             | Honestly, I've never heard of this before and I have
             | friends working in the restaurant industry. Is it a real
             | documented health hazard or a FUD spread by the glass
             | manufacturers to create perpetual demand for their product
             | (Glass As A Service)?
             | 
             | My grandma still uses the same glassware from like 30+
             | years ago and washes it by hand and it doesn't look
             | tarnished at all. Is she and our family likely to die from
             | drinking from those old glassware with micro scratches?
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > and washes it by hand
               | 
               | That's the key part here. Pubs use commercial dishwashers
               | which effectively shot blast your dishes and glasses.
               | There's a reason you can see "Not dishwasher safe" on
               | certain items: because it'll blast off the nice patterns.
               | I know because I've done it by accident.
        
               | sfn42 wrote:
               | Not sure what shot blast means, but as far as I know
               | dishwashing machines just spray hot water and detergent
               | on everything.
               | 
               | I guess that could cause abrasion if there's hard and
               | sharp particles in the water, but I'm not sure what could
               | cause those. Maybe if glass breaks during washing, but
               | I'd assume the machine filters the water before reusing
               | it.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > as far as I know dishwashing machines just spray hot
               | water and detergent on everything
               | 
               | There's a couple of sources:
               | 
               | - The dishwasher tablets have a mildly abrasive substance
               | 
               | - The water itself (especially in the UK) can carry
               | abrasive substances from the pipes
        
               | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
               | If it was in the pipes, handwashing would do it too.
               | 
               | Dishwasher detergent does not contain abrasive
               | substances; dissolve a teaspoon of it in a glass of hot
               | water and see for yourself.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I'm not convinced because I can run pellets over a
               | surface by hand and not scratch it, yet a shot blast will
               | strip paint off easily.
               | 
               | Same substances with different processes produce
               | different results.
        
               | Rinzler89 wrote:
               | _> There 's a reason you can see "Not dishwasher safe" on
               | certain items:_
               | 
               | I've nerve seen it on glassware though. That warning is
               | usually for plastics since they melt at hot dishwasher
               | water, and on certain metal cook-ware where the caustic
               | dishwasher detergent will corrode the metal anodization,
               | but glass is usually resistant to both temperature and
               | caustic detergents, which is why it's used in bio labs
               | for storing and mixing harsh chemicals, granted,
               | different composition of glass, but it's still glass not
               | adamantium.
               | 
               | So this point doesn't scan for me.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > I've nerve seen it on glassware though.
               | 
               | No but the process that strips the paint off delicate
               | crockery is self-evidently abrasive, which stands to
               | reason when you look at the scratch marks in glass that
               | has been through too many cycles.
               | 
               | It's not on glass because an _individual_ washing won 't
               | destroy it but _repeated_ washing eventually scratches
               | the glassware to hell. I 've seen it with my own eyes.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | > _self-evidently abrasive, which stands to reason when
               | you look at the scratch marks in glass that has been
               | through too many cycles._
               | 
               | Marks on glass are not due to abrasion, they appear
               | because glass is slightly soluble in alkaline water,
               | which is the case in dishwashers. Porcelain and stainless
               | steel do not get scratched by dishwashers for example.
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | I will be honest that sounds doubtful with at least the
             | contraptions and process used in America. I guess its
             | possible if you are just hand washing the glass?
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I don't know what American bars use but the use of the
               | term "pub" marks this out as a UK thing. I recall going
               | to social clubs and other, cheaper, drinking
               | establishments and seeing grotty glasses.
               | 
               | I know for a fact they use dishwashers (I've seen them)
               | and that dishwashers scratch the hell out of your glasses
               | (I've seen that too). Handwashing simply doesn't do this.
               | Dishwashers work by, effectively, shot-blasting your
               | dishes and glasses so I can see the mechanism by which
               | your glassware will get scratched. I don't see how this
               | happens when you're handwashing with Fairy liquid and a
               | soft sponge.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Why would a pub landlord buy these glasses?
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | If a brewery is providing them, why would they let the
               | glasses get into a state that their drinks look like shit
               | in them?
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | Some pint glasses designed for lager are made with nucleation
           | sites for the bubbles at the bottom, over time these wear out
           | and make your pint of lager look 'dead' compared to a fresh
           | glass. This is less of an issue with ales and other less
           | carbonated drinks though.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | My experience is either the wrong soap or unclean water
             | leaves a residue on the glass killing any beer. It likely
             | also fills these nucleation sites.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | > Some pint glasses designed for lager are made with
             | nucleation sites
             | 
             | They really shouldn't be, forcing CO2 out of suspension is
             | exactly what you don't want. It causes the beer to become
             | flat more quickly. This is why good beer bars use a glass
             | washer right before serving, to remove any small particles
             | that may end up in the glass and cause nucleation.
        
               | walthamstow wrote:
               | More quickly, like how quickly? Most pints are drunk
               | within about 45 mins of pouring
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | You'll notice a difference right away, because the
               | escaping CO2 breaks the head on the beer, which is
               | exactly the opposite of what you want on a pilsner. As
               | for going flat, I'd have to root around on Brulosophy
               | later I think they did a test on this.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | It's a quality issue. Beer served in a new, spotlessly clean
           | glass will have a distinct foamy head on top of clear liquid.
           | If the glass is dirty or scuffed, bubbles will rapidly form
           | on the sides of the glass, which seriously affects the
           | quality of the beer. The head will be thin and uneven, the
           | liquid will look murky and the beer will taste flat.
           | 
           | https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2971/0116/files/dirty_beer.
           | ..
           | 
           | This isn't meant to be a nationalistic point, but America has
           | a relatively undeveloped beer culture; beer is often kept and
           | served very poorly and drinkers rarely notice. British,
           | Belgian or German drinkers will notice, complain and tell all
           | their friends if you aren't serving beer properly.
        
             | javaunsafe2019 wrote:
             | German here: as if! No one except a few nerds would notice
             | in real life.
        
               | aardvarkr wrote:
               | And that's why I love HN!
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | Those nerds tend to be quite vocal about it, though!
               | 
               | (I count myself amongst them, despite only being 3/32
               | German...)
        
             | Rinzler89 wrote:
             | _> British, Belgian or German drinkers will notice,
             | complain and tell all their friends if you aren't serving
             | beer properly._
             | 
             | Yeah, no, that's an American PoV/meme to think all those
             | nationalities somehow are fickle about the glass of the
             | beer when in reality most of them wouldn't even notice in
             | real life. Beer drinking is a causal activity there, not a
             | sommelier activity where every detail is scrutinized.
             | 
             | You go to the park and it's full of Germans drinking beer
             | out damn aluminum cans. Most bars are so dark and loud and
             | people so drunk, the last thing they care about is if their
             | beer glass is pitch perfect.
             | 
             | People do care about the quality of the beer, but the
             | quality of the glass, not so much.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Beer drinking being casual isn't a counter argument. Even
               | if its a minority, there are a lots of beer 'nerds' who
               | take drinking beer seriously. And those are usually the
               | people who have some amount of influence threw various
               | mechanisms.
               | 
               | As a Guinness fan I gladly go to a pub that does it
               | correctly, compared to one that doesn't.
               | 
               | So the idea that there is a business impact to having
               | lower quality experience even visiaul can not just be
               | ignored by saying 'drinking is causal'.
               | 
               | As a pub you have to try to offer something that you
               | can't get from aluminum cans in the park.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | I suspect the controversial proposition, whether intended
               | or not, is that everyone in countries with a notable beer
               | tradition is a snob who will refuse to drink anything but
               | the best served according to the most exacting standards.
               | 
               | Clearly, this is false, and it is enough to visit such a
               | country or look at beer sales to know that this is the
               | case.
               | 
               | At the same time, I will agree that the average beer and
               | what is considered "drinkable" in probably any European
               | country is significantly better than the swill that
               | passes as average in the US.
        
               | jdietrich wrote:
               | There are bad pubs and indifferent drinkers anywhere, but
               | there's also a very large and long-standing market for
               | quality beer and vast numbers of publicans who serve
               | great beer without any fanfare. The Campaign for Real Ale
               | has 150,000 dues-paying members. Sitting in an 18th
               | century pub and drinking beer that was brewed within
               | walking distance is a largely unremarkable experience in
               | the UK.
               | 
               | It isn't a matter of being a connoisseur's fetish, but
               | about the basic standards expected by a large bulk of
               | drinkers. "Craft beer" is a fairly novel and niche
               | product in the US, but even Wetherspoons - a huge chain
               | known for selling very cheap beer - serves a wide range
               | of (often local) real ale in most of their pubs. Many
               | thousands of British pubs are members of Cask Marque, a
               | voluntary accreditation scheme that requires regular
               | inspections of their cellar-keeping and the quality of
               | their beer. America has a burgeoning beer culture, but
               | much of the country is still a beer desert where the only
               | widely available beers are pasteurised lagers. The
               | effects of prohibition are still being felt today,
               | because it takes generations to develop a proper beer
               | culture.
               | 
               | https://camra.org.uk/
               | 
               | https://cask-marque.co.uk/
        
               | account42 wrote:
               | Maybe what you are saying is true in the UK, but gp is
               | right for Germany - I don't know anyone here who would
               | complain about the glass their beer was served in.
               | 
               | Also, most of what counts as craft beer in the US
               | wouldn't even legally pass as beer here.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | > America has a burgeoning beer culture, but much of the
               | country is still a beer desert where the only widely
               | available beers are pasteurised lagers.
               | 
               | This would have been true decades ago. It hasn't been
               | true anytime recently, even more than a decade ago. At
               | this point, craft beer is available bottled and canned in
               | the typical supermarket and even gas station/convenience
               | store in the US, even dive bars have at least one tap for
               | craft beer or at least some bottles (although it is
               | likely not going to serve it in high quality glassware),
               | and craft beer makes up more than a quarter of the total
               | dollars sold in the US beer market and nearly 15% of the
               | volume.
               | 
               | You say this, but at the same time, the most popular
               | beers drunk in every European country are pasteurised
               | lagers as well. In fact, lagers are popular /all over the
               | world/ for the same reason: They are light, easy to
               | drink, cheap to produce and buy, and refreshing when
               | served cold in hot weather.
               | 
               | I've been in plenty of historic pubs in the UK that were
               | unfortunately acquired and ruined by Wetherspoons. A
               | Wetherspoons is in no way any better than the average
               | dive bar in the US, except that in the US it is
               | commonplace for a bar to serve only alcohol and no food,
               | where in the UK pubs are generally expected to have food.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | Correct. Beer is the one item in Britain that is acceptable
             | to send back. My pet peeve is beer served in a glass that
             | is still warm from the dishwasher.
             | 
             | Food, god no, wouldn't want to cause a fuss. Uncooked
             | chicken? I'll just push it to the side and eat the rest.
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | > Uncooked chicken? I'll just push it to the side and eat
               | the rest.
               | 
               | Really? You're not just being facetious?
               | 
               | I NEVER send food back if I just don't like it. If it's
               | under-seasoned or not up to my standards, no big deal.
               | I'll go elsewhere next time.
               | 
               | But if it's a food safety issue, or if I order something
               | pricey and it's missing a key ingredient (they don't have
               | to take it back in that case, just bring that ingredient
               | to the table and we're good). I mean, if you paid for it
               | and you can't eat it because it's unsafe or you didn't
               | get what you paid for ... that should be totally
               | understandable and expected that it gets sent back. I've
               | worked in food service and while I would never spit on
               | anyone's food no matter how much of a dick they are, I
               | wouldn't even feel the temptation if it was a legit
               | kitchen screw-up.
        
               | walthamstow wrote:
               | No my friend it was just a joke about British manners
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | >It's a quality issue. Beer served in a new, spotlessly
             | clean glass will have a distinct foamy head on top of clear
             | liquid.
             | 
             | I thought Brits hate head on beer.
        
               | FreezingKeeper wrote:
               | It's a North-South thing
               | 
               | https://bucolicaholic.com/2016/09/01/on-real-ale-the-
               | sparkle...
        
               | jdietrich wrote:
               | No, they just hate excessive head that is inappropriate
               | to the beer. Some amount of head is essential to properly
               | release the aroma of beer. A traditional cask ale is
               | hand-pumped and served without additional gas, so it will
               | tend to have a smaller head than a beer that has added
               | gas. No more than 5% of the glass should be filled with
               | head. Many pubs use glasses with a marked fill line,
               | allowing for space for a head while still providing a
               | full measure of liquid.
               | 
               | Northern drinkers traditionally prefer a thicker,
               | creamier head and used beer pumps with a "sparkler"
               | nozzle to provide this, while southern drinkers typically
               | preferred very little head; this historic divide is
               | starting to soften in recent years.
               | 
               | Some European beer styles are properly served with a
               | bigger and frothier head, particularly wheat beers and
               | pilsners.
        
             | tristor wrote:
             | > This isn't meant to be a nationalistic point, but America
             | has a relatively undeveloped beer culture; beer is often
             | kept and served very poorly and drinkers rarely notice.
             | 
             | You are extremely incorrect on this point. I think this is
             | true if you think of your typical dive bar in the US, but
             | this is more a /cost/ point than a point of the beer
             | culture. Dive bars are not expected to be good, just cheap.
             | The best beers in the world of every style (except Belgian
             | beers) are in made in the US. The US revived craft brewing
             | and spread it around the world, and brought craft brewing
             | to parts of the world that never had any serious beer
             | culture. American beer is /far/ far more than light beers
             | shotgunned out of a can in the parking lot during a college
             | football game.
             | 
             | There are numerous craft bars in the US that take the
             | quality of their pours, including the quality of the
             | glassware very seriously. The US helped to pioneer the
             | certification process for serving beer, modeled after that
             | for wine. The BJCP was founded in 1985 in Colorado, as an
             | offshoot of the American Homebrewer's Association, and the
             | Cicerone Certification program was founded 25 years ago in
             | the US as well. The US has done a significant amount, not
             | just for itself, but for the world, to establish high
             | standards of excellence for the making of beer and the
             | serving of beer.
             | 
             | I say this as someone who is an expert on beer. I have
             | traveled to more than 70 countries, in part specifically to
             | drink beer. I have brewed beer for more than 20 years. I
             | have judged beer competitions. I am a certified cicerone. I
             | have drank more than ten thousand unique beers and been to
             | more than 2500 breweries in my life. It is completely
             | ignorant (and a nationalistic ignorance) to say that the US
             | has a poor beer culture. This might have been true in the
             | 1970s, it is not true today, and it hasn't been true for
             | decades.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Why? This just sounds like planned obsolescence.
           | 
           | It's a requirement of the volume calibration - beer glasses
           | used for commercial purposes are classified as certified
           | measurement devices under EU law, you have to print on the
           | glass the year in which the required stamp got affixed [1].
           | This serves to provide the customer with a way to check if
           | they're being sold the correct amount of beer.
           | 
           | Fun fact, this was a massive issue for stone mugs and led to
           | a lot of confusion when the regulation became enforced [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.agme.de/?qs_servlet=downloadIxServlet&rq_RecI
           | d=3...
           | 
           | [2] https://germany.representation.ec.europa.eu/news/klarstel
           | lun...
        
         | agurk wrote:
         | > Normal glasses are recyclable
         | 
         | Is this the case in reality? Everywhere I've lived drinking
         | glasses were not accepted as part of domestic glass recycling
         | due to their composition [0]
         | 
         | Perhaps there is a commercial recycling route for pubs though?
         | A quick google didn't turn anything up.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.friendsofglass.com/ecology/what-glass-can-you-
         | re...
        
           | veltas wrote:
           | I take that back then. Would these hardened glasses be
           | recyclable though?
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | "Yes"
             | 
             | From a glass making point of view you don't want them
             | messing with expansion coefficients and bulk properties so
             | they're off the table there - it's a waste of energy to
             | reheat them up to ~ 1,000 C.
             | 
             | But you do end up with _large_ volumes of glass .. a
             | relatively consistant material, you might want to crush and
             | tumble that (to take the sharp edges away) and use that
             | sized grit | frit as driveway material, as additive to
             | concrete where structurally sound, as fish tank  "sand",
             | etc.
        
               | toxik wrote:
               | IIRC concrete aggregate should be jagged so that it
               | interlocks with itself. You actually can't just use any
               | old sand, you need sharp sand, which is an increasingly
               | scarce resource.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | My bad .. mentally insert more commas and juggle the
               | clauses :-)
               | 
               | The tumbling was only meant to be applied to application
               | requiring rounded grit, you're correct that concrete and
               | other uses might prefer jagged.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "you need sharp sand"
               | 
               | Hmm, practical concerns about acquisition aside, would
               | lunar dust work?
        
               | jasomill wrote:
               | Yes:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarcrete
        
           | consp wrote:
           | AFAIK (but may be massively wrong) is that most clear glasses
           | have many composition types and don't mix well and the
           | industrial brown/green is all the same.
        
           | jnurmine wrote:
           | Interesting!
           | 
           | The recycling containers here have separate containers for
           | clear glass and coloured glass and I've always thought glass
           | is glass.
           | 
           | Now I checked in detail what is accepted, and sure enough,
           | drinking glasses and mirrors are specifically disallowed.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | I assumed my city wouldn't accept drinking glasses due to
           | safety issues. The assumption being that the most likely case
           | someone would recycle a drinking glass is after breaking it
           | and they don't want their workers getting cut. Turns out it
           | isn't really compatible with recycling beer and wine bottles.
        
         | wiether wrote:
         | > pub glasses are manufactured to indicate their age
         | 
         | I was first confused by this because here in France we have
         | this popular practice, mainly at the school cafeteria, to look
         | at the bottom of our glass to know how old we are (actually
         | it's the mold number obviously...) and depending of the people,
         | the younger (or the older) gets to fetch water for everyone
         | else during lunch.
         | 
         | https://eu.duralex.com/en/blogs/inspirations/et-toi-tu-as-qu...
        
         | yoavm wrote:
         | > I don't think smashing is the kind of issue they're making it
         | out to be.
         | 
         | I never ran a restaurant but Googling around it seems like bars
         | replace around 100% of the glasses annually due to breaking.
         | That sounds like a lot...
         | 
         | > Normal glasses are recyclable
         | 
         | I've never seen anyone collecting broken glass and putting it
         | in a special glass-bin. The glass bin we have in Amsterdam
         | isn't one that you can even push broken glass into if you
         | wanted - it's shaped specifically to receive bottles.
         | 
         | Most resources online hint that the reason this hard glass
         | didn't become successful is because there's a lot of profit to
         | be made by reselling glasses when your old glass breaks.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | I remember reading once that the average Martini glass has a
           | lifespan of 3 uses in a bar environment. Very thin and easy
           | to chip.
        
           | nerdbert wrote:
           | > The glass bin we have in Amsterdam isn't one that you can
           | even push broken glass into if you wanted - it's shaped
           | specifically to receive bottles.
           | 
           | It wouldn't take large shards of a plate window but it
           | definitely can accept anything with one dimension that
           | doesn't exceed 10cm or so, which is almost all the broken
           | glass we've wanted to put into it.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _Normal glasses are recyclable_
         | 
         | That may be, but rem ember of the three things you should be
         | doing - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle - Recycling is the _worst_ and
         | should be avoided anytime the other two are doable.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Also recycling glasses might not make much sense.
           | 
           | The raw material for glass making is basically sand, and
           | there's no problem dumping old glasses in a landfill.
           | 
           | So you should only recycle glass, if that's cheaper than
           | making glass from scratch. There's no benefit otherwise.
           | 
           | (And you can still reduce and re-use, of course.)
        
           | veltas wrote:
           | As another commenter mentioned, apparently they are not!
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | > Normal glasses are recyclable.
         | 
         | Recycling is not energy neutral. Far from it.
         | 
         | > Clearly glasses last a long time, I don't think smashing is
         | the kind of issue they're making it out to be.
         | 
         | Clearly not. Spend 2 hours in any crowded bar or restaurant and
         | you will hear the sound of glass smashing into pieces.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | With the small size of the UK it might make it easier to
         | recycle. In larger countries glass might not always be
         | recycled, it might cost more to recycle than to just produce
         | new glass. The transportation cost/impact to lug around heavy
         | glass to be recycled is not worth it.
        
         | puzzlingcaptcha wrote:
         | In any case, glass is chemically inert and eventually breaks
         | down into sand so it's not a huge environmental issue, other
         | than its bulk.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Most of the environmental issues with glass are on the other
           | end - mining raw materials, refining those, manufacturing,
           | etc.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | Maybe there's a way to double layer the part you hold with a
       | pocket of air for insulation.
       | 
       | Anecdotally, many people hold glasses poorly for fear of warming
       | their drink with their hand.
        
         | bux93 wrote:
         | Double walled glasses exist, they are used for tea or frothy
         | coffee.
         | 
         | The glass is very thin though; the trade-off being that if it
         | was regular thickness it would be very heavy and big relative
         | to the contents - and your hands. This makes them even more
         | likely to break!
         | 
         | However, the brand Bodum do nice onces made from Borosilicate
         | Glass.
        
       | willguest wrote:
       | > The glasses are too good for pure market thinking.
       | 
       | A demonstration that the economy isn't economical at all, when it
       | comes to resources.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | It's the opposite, it makes no sense to build something
         | forever. You have no clue what people will want or need in the
         | future. If you make a bunch of forever glasses and in 50 years
         | nobody wants to use glass containers anymore (or at least the
         | ones you made), you just wasted a bunch of resources and energy
         | making them last longer than they needed. Specially due to
         | changing "taste" people want to change the items they use
         | frequently.
         | 
         | You can imagine other reasons why we shouldn't make products
         | last forever, it's a huge over-investment of limited resources
         | that could be used in the future for better things. Specially
         | in a planet with limited resources but continuously evolving
         | technology, it is really not good to make forever stuff unless
         | the technological innovation stops. Because you could use the
         | same resources later to do better stuff at the same cost.
         | 
         | What we should do is wherever possible make things repairable
         | and prosecute anyone that intentionally makes something harder
         | to repair (not really applicable to glass, where recycling is
         | the only option).
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | So let's make things that only last a day because you never
           | know what tomorrow will bring.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Are you familiar with the concept of trade-offs?
        
               | malermeister wrote:
               | Sure. Do you see glassware not being in use at any point
               | in the next 100 years though?
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Maybe they current style of glassware. The Superfest
               | glasses already look outdated and retro to me, I wouldn't
               | want to decide which glasses I use in 50 years now.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Fashion is a huge driver of waste.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | As pointed out in my original comment in the thread. The
               | question is, do you want to moralize and tell people to
               | not behave as they behave, or do you recognize that
               | "fashion" is associated to inherent human traits and
               | design the world to have a good middle ground between
               | doing what people want and not messing up everything
               | super fast. In the end the only way to protect everything
               | is to kill all humans, so if we agree that is not a
               | solution, we should understand that the concept of
               | fashion or changing preferences is not going to go away
               | and not design products forever.
        
               | t43562 wrote:
               | We moralize about all sorts of important things like
               | washing hands, putting rubbish in the bin etc.
               | 
               | Fashion benefits from morals - like the idea of showering
               | daily benefits the cosmetics/body care industry. I have a
               | relative in one of the big French companies who saw a
               | huge drop-off in shampoo/bathing products during covid
               | when people were working at home. If we all decided that
               | fresh water was too precious to waste we might materially
               | impact this person's business - so they are eager to
               | convince everyone that it's morally right to wash umpteen
               | times a day.
               | 
               | Similarly clothing is marketed and that marketing works
               | on us.
               | 
               | Other than telling such people to f-off, how do we get
               | out of the negative loop they are only too eager to drive
               | us into?
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | I mean nobody is forcing you to buy anything. I wear
               | shoes that are 5-10 years old often and clothes that are
               | 15 or 20 years old. And for most normal people they look
               | "disheveled", my mom would gasp if she saw it. Yet I've
               | been to work offsites with holes in my 8 year old shoes
               | meeting with C-levels. But whenever I feel like buying
               | something that you think is superfluous I also don't want
               | anyone telling me what to do.
        
               | t43562 wrote:
               | We all accept some telling what to do - like the law, tax
               | and so on. Ideally it's meant to be for the general good.
               | 
               | So if some activity were to be negative for everyone -
               | e.g. if it generated a lot of waste that was hard to
               | handle and caused large unnecessary carbon emissions ....
               | then we could end up needing laws to limit that damage.
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | But you can't really repair a glass.
        
           | jesprenj wrote:
           | > in 50 years nobody wants to use glass containers
           | 
           | yet here we are, 50 years later, still using glass containers
           | and fluorescent tube lamps that break because they are
           | designed to break every two years
        
             | echoangle wrote:
             | Im pretty happy I don't have to use a fluorescent tube lamp
             | that's 50 years old, LEDs are much better. I don't think
             | this is a good counterexample.
        
               | t43562 wrote:
               | Don't worry, they're probably working on 2-year LEDs
               | right now.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | They've already managed that, just buy any of the low-
               | cost LED replacement bulbs in any major store made in
               | bulk in China. They don't put proper heatsinks on the
               | power circuitry driving the LEDs so it eventually fails,
               | especially under conditions of being turned off and then
               | back on again often, like the lights in most rooms in
               | most houses.
        
           | Unbefleckt wrote:
           | So why doesn't this apply to plastic?
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | I realized something similar after working in auto parts for
           | a few years. Not sure about now as I don't really buy them
           | anymore, but at the time there was a clear difference in
           | quality between the cheapest of the cheap and the normal
           | items (reman alternators, brake pads, etc.)
           | 
           | Even though I tried to steer people away from the known
           | questionable quality stuff (for no benefit of my own, not on
           | commission), 95% of people would get it anyways. For the same
           | reason "oh, I'm thinking of selling it soon anyways." And
           | they rarely actually seemed to, based on my memory, but they
           | had that mindset.
           | 
           | Glasses are perhaps more 'timeless', but I could see them not
           | selling well at a premium because of the 'ephemeral' mindset
           | of potential life and style changes.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | This is such a weird argument by the guardian. You can simply
         | charge more for more durable products as long as people want
         | your product.
        
           | t43562 wrote:
           | That could assume there was a linear realationship between
           | price and demand.
           | 
           | Possibly if you need to charge x% more then your sales might
           | drop off almost entirely as you raised your price to that
           | level.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Obviously there are a lot of factors. The article points
             | out that the plain East German style glasses were simply
             | seen as uncool. I would also speculate that the company
             | like many others from the GDR were heavily reliant on
             | subsidies and ran rather inefficiently.
        
       | JR1427 wrote:
       | I remain to be convinced. We rarely smash glasses in my
       | household. Normal glass is (presumably) cheaper and less resource
       | intensive than this special glass. Sometimes making things less
       | durable actually is better. Over engineering and special
       | manufacturing has costs.
        
         | JR1427 wrote:
         | Also, if 120m were made, but they are now fetching 30+ dollars,
         | then there can't be that many around anymore, so are they
         | really that long-lived?
         | 
         | It doesn't matter if they _theoretically_ last a long time, if
         | people are still going to throw them away to freshen up their
         | cupboard of glasses to keep up with the latest fashions.
        
           | pixelfarmer wrote:
           | East Germany ceased to exist in 1990. One of the glasses also
           | shows the Mitropa label:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitropa but it was used on a
           | broader scale.
           | 
           | I wouldn't assume that all these "assets" of bars, pubs,
           | Mitropa etc. were for example sold off, i.e. you can expect
           | quite a big number being dumped/destroyed, aside of the
           | numbers that went into wear and tear until 1990 in the first
           | place.
           | 
           | There is a lot of stuff that was ubiquitous during the time
           | of East Germany and went poof pretty fast after the wall came
           | down, usually into the dumpster in one way or another.
        
           | ljsprague wrote:
           | 6 pieces going for $283 on eBay right now with 2 days of
           | bidding left.
        
         | dabber21 wrote:
         | household maybe, but bars and cafes?
         | 
         | also usually with time companies figure out ways to reduce
         | costs of production/process
        
       | numpad0 wrote:
       | This is basically Cold War predecessor to Gorilla Glass. It's not
       | a lost art at all, but just one of first generation products.
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | I wonder why Corning doesn't make these as a boutique or
         | novelty product.
         | 
         | Edit: Could this also be used for window glass?
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | before they sold off the brand to a different company,
           | corning started selling tempered glass as 'pyrex', resulting
           | in a dozen or so hospital visits with disabling burn injuries
           | every year in the usa alone
           | 
           | i'm not sure whether to blame this kind of line extension
           | fraud on unethical management, on consumers who can't tell
           | the difference and consequently buy such fraudulent products
           | whenever they're cheaper, or on poorly-thought-out
           | regulations (making real pyrex emits boria into the air,
           | which is an insecticide and therefore does environmental
           | damage, a consideration probably not relevant to gorilla
           | glass)
        
             | rangerelf wrote:
             | > i'm not sure whether to blame this kind of line extension
             | fraud on unethical management, on consumers who can't tell
             | the difference and consequently buy such fraudulent
             | products whenever they're cheaper, or on poorly-thought-out
             | regulations
             | 
             | Porque no los tres? CEOs pursuing yet another vacation
             | home, under-educated consumers that lose their minds over
             | 'saving' 1c ("$5.00" too expensive "4.99!" OHH THIS ONE!!),
             | and regulators either with a private-sector agenda or who
             | have no teeth because Congress is politically compromised.
             | 
             | There's more than enough blame to spread around.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | Corning already makes Corelle, which are tempered glass
           | plates and bowls. They'll also take a bounce off a tile floor
           | from counter-level and have a good shot at not breaking.
        
             | nimish wrote:
             | They sold that off decades ago. The brand just hangs around
        
             | HarryHirsch wrote:
             | Hasn't Corelle been enshittified as well? It used to be
             | tempered glass with milk glass in the middle, but now it's
             | just milk glass?
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | I just got new Corelle about 18 months ago when I redid
               | my kitchen, and don't see any difference between that and
               | the previous stuff I'd bought probably 15 years ago,
               | other than the different pattern.
        
               | adamc wrote:
               | I bought a set of Corelle 7 years ago that seems very
               | much like the Corelle I bought 30 years ago. Not
               | convinced it's any worse.
               | 
               | I think dishwashing and/or age does eventually make it
               | more fragile, but it seems fairly durable. I've lost one
               | piece in 7 years.
        
       | 4gotunameagain wrote:
       | Of course, such a durable product can never succeed under
       | hypercapitalist environments.
       | 
       | Phrases like planned obsolescence and market cannibalisation come
       | to mind.
       | 
       | Remember back when even a mid range HiFi amplifier came with
       | quality service manuals, and lasted for a lifetime ?
       | 
       | Sure, it was more expensive relatively. But you only had to buy
       | it once.
       | 
       | With the current climate uncertainty, we need to find a way to
       | incentivise quality, reliability and repairability.
       | 
       | There is so much ephemeral junk being produced.
        
       | wiether wrote:
       | The company's history is interesting because in France almost the
       | same thing happened with Duralex, which was near bankruptcy but
       | was bought back by the employees a few weeks back.
       | 
       | And now it's popular again.
       | 
       | Until people forget about it and buy cheap stuff again.
       | 
       | https://www.glass-international.com/news/duralex-employees-t...
        
         | morsch wrote:
         | I wonder how Duralex compares to Superfest in terms of
         | durability. Duralex is certainly more durable than regular
         | glass, but I have stopped demoing it because it does break
         | sometimes. Our Duralex glasses are also pretty thick, while the
         | Superfest stuff is rather thin.
        
           | mdasen wrote:
           | They're kinda similar in that they're both tempered glasses -
           | where you create residual compressive stress in the outer
           | part of the glass which makes it stronger. However, there are
           | different ways to temper glass. Superfest (and Gorilla Glass
           | in smartphones) uses an ion-exchange technique where sodium
           | ions on the surface are replaced with larger potassium ions.
           | 
           | I'm guessing that Duralex uses a thermal tempering process
           | where the glass is heated very high and then rapidly cooled
           | to temper it, but I don't know. Maybe Duralex also uses an
           | ion-exchange and it just isn't as good as the Superfest
           | process. Even with smartphone screens, newer techniques from
           | Corning have created much stronger screens than we had 10-15
           | years ago even though they're all using the same basic ion-
           | exchange technique.
           | 
           | Personally, I love tempered glass even if it might break.
           | They're a lot less likely to break, they're less dangerous if
           | they do break, and they don't really cost that much more.
           | Maybe you'll pay $3/glass for regular soda-lime glasses and
           | $5-6/glass for nice tempered ones, but I bought my tempered
           | glasses a decade ago and still have all of them, despite
           | having moved 3 times (and my packing technique doesn't
           | involve bubble wrap or anything). Maybe Superfest is better,
           | but for my non-restaurant use, tempered glasses like those
           | from Duralex or Bormioli Rocco seem to be good enough.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | > Until people forget about it and buy cheap stuff again.
         | 
         | Until they cut themselves on the sharp edges when it breaks.
         | Duralex is safety glass but some people only see "wow many
         | peaces normal glass only breaks into a few".
         | 
         | Proper cuts from Duralex look like you had a hard fall, proper
         | cuts from normal glass require a trip to the hospital for
         | stitches.
        
         | khaki54 wrote:
         | Yes Duralex is pretty sweet. They are thicker than normal
         | glasses too. At home went from breaking / chipping a glass a
         | week to maybe 3-4 a year. I have seen Duralex bounce off the
         | tile unscathed many times.
        
           | MaxikCZ wrote:
           | How are you guys living? I dont use any fancy glassware and I
           | break/chip a glass like once in a decade..
        
             | vondur wrote:
             | Maybe they have hearty toasting of drinks frequently?
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Taking "Let me just toss these dishes in the dishwasher
             | real quick" literally.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | I was astonished when I witnessed an acquaintance cycle
               | his dishwasher. He would throw the clean ones out of the
               | dishwasher onto the stone counter, getting air and a loud
               | crashing sound out of each plate and glass, before doing
               | it again into the cabinets. The dirties would rebound off
               | the flexible plastic of the dish rack and smash into one
               | another as he'd throw them in.
               | 
               | This same acquaintance was surprised to learn that my
               | household doesn't consume an entire roll of toilet paper
               | each and every day.
               | 
               | Amazing what we take for granted about others' basic
               | habits of living, in life as in tech...
        
               | mrexroad wrote:
               | I'd hate to see how their knives are washed
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | I'm just clumsy. Occasionally drop glasses when taking them
             | out of the cupboard. All the ones I've broken are ceramic,
             | though.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Tell me you don't have kids without telling me you don't
             | have kids ;)
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | P.S. I've been a klutz since before you were born.
             | Apparently it's not something I'll grow out of :(
        
         | freeqaz wrote:
         | Is there a link to buy any of their glass?
        
           | wiether wrote:
           | Their webshop is here : https://www.duralex.com/
           | 
           | There is regional versions depending on where you are located
           | at, available at the top right!
        
         | duckmysick wrote:
         | Form what I've seen Duralex glasses are (and have been for some
         | time) quite popular in restaurants/food joints.
        
           | rx_tx wrote:
           | I tend to find large "Gigogne" Duralex mixing bowls often in
           | Goodwill/second hand stores in the Bay Area, and I can't
           | resist getting them. They're truly versatile and very sturdy,
           | and they stack very well without getting jammed.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | They have been particularly popular in French school
           | canteens, which make it a childhood memory for many. I am
           | sure that this nostalgic aspect helped with its renewed
           | popularity.
           | 
           | One notable feature of Duralex glasses is that there is a
           | number on the bottom that can go from 1 to 50. A tradition
           | among schoolchildren is to look at that number, which is said
           | to represent your age. In reality, it is the mold number,
           | used for quality control, but that "age" thing is what most
           | people remember it for.
        
             | skywal_l wrote:
             | Funny little video (in french) on Duralex made by
             | Karambolage (years ago):
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9T7JCCDeCE
        
         | garaetjjte wrote:
         | I have seen Arcoroc glassware, I guess it's similar? Normally
         | they break into a million pieces, but one plate failed
         | spontaneously with hole falling out the bottom... I think it
         | must have been overheated earlier.
        
       | mannykannot wrote:
       | This article's brief explanation of how the process works seems
       | somewhat misleading, as it claims that the ion substitution
       | creates tension in the glass, which makes it harder for cracks to
       | spread - but cracks propagate under tension.
       | 
       | As I understand it, the substitution of larger potassium ions for
       | smaller sodium ions in the surface layer creates a compressive
       | stress in the surface, and while this results in a
       | counterbalancing tension in the interior, it is the surface
       | compression which inhibits crack propagation.
       | 
       | This is how tempered glass works, except the surface compression
       | and interior tension is the result in the greater shrinkage of
       | the slowly-cooling interior. The interior tension is also the
       | reason why these glasses shatter into tiny pieces when they do
       | break (see also Prince Rupert's drops: there are many videos on
       | Youtube.)
       | 
       | I am wondering if the chemical process is slow, which might be
       | another reason for it not being adopted for ordinary objects such
       | as drinking glasses.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | It's the same process used on modern phone screens (Gorilla
         | Glass). Chemical strengthening.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_strengthened_glas...
         | 
         | And yes, it works the same way as thermally toughened glass
         | (inducing a compressive stress near the surface).
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | I see this article says that chemically strengthened glass
           | can be cut, and while it becomes weakened in the vicinity of
           | the cut, it does not shatter as a result. The Wikipedia
           | article does not explain in any detail why this is so, but it
           | suggests that there is less tensile stress than in tempered
           | glass. Perhaps this is because the latter needs the internal
           | tension to create the surface compression, while in
           | chemically toughened glass, the compression is generated
           | within the surface layer?
           | 
           | I have seen it said about Supafest drinking glasses that they
           | _do_ shatter into tiny pieces when they do break, though I do
           | not know whether the source was reliable. If this is the
           | case, then it suggests there is some difference between the
           | Supafest and Corning  / Gorilla Glass processes.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | It's due to the thickness of the compressed layer at the
             | surface. It's often thinner (but more intense therefore
             | harder) in Gorilla glass, so I suppose there isn't enough
             | tension in the interior to make it shatter.
             | 
             | There's always a corresponding tension in the interior, the
             | sum of forces in each direction are balanced. But if the
             | outer compressed region is thin, you won't need as much
             | internal tension.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > This article's brief explanation of how the process works
         | seems somewhat misleading, as it claims that the ion
         | substitution creates tension in the glass, which makes it
         | harder for cracks to spread - but cracks propagate under
         | tension.
         | 
         | The article uses "tension" informally, meaning under mechanical
         | stress. I would not read too much into that. But yes, you are
         | right.
         | 
         | > I am wondering if the chemical process is slow, which might
         | be another reason for it not being adopted for ordinary objects
         | such as drinking glasses.
         | 
         | The fact that such glasses tend to fail catastrophically and
         | shatter in small shards is a problem, for something that is
         | used in homes, often with children, and that is bound to break
         | at some point. Not great from a safety perspective.
        
           | morsch wrote:
           | The cleanup after a broken tempered glass breaks isn't worse
           | than after a regular glass in my experience. There are more
           | shards, yes, but they are individually less dangerous. And in
           | either case the annoying thing is having to be thorough.
           | Regular glass shards seem to be better at hiding.
        
       | lukan wrote:
       | _" In the case of the Superfest glass, the anonymity of the
       | makers was also politically desired. The GDR's regime preached
       | solidarity and unity. The prevailing ideology regarded the
       | collective more highly than the talents and abilities of the
       | individual. Even though Superfest glasses were ubiquitous in
       | every bar, canteen and household in the Soviet satellite state,
       | few people had heard of Paul Bittner, Fritz Keuchel and Tilo
       | Poitz, the design collective who gave them their shape."_
       | 
       | Interesting how the article laments, that they did not name the
       | designers, but then happily ignore the names of the actual
       | inventors of the material:
       | 
       |  _" The groundbreaking technology they deployed was developed in
       | the 1970s at the Department for Glass Structure Research at the
       | Central Institute for Inorganic Chemistry near Dresden. The
       | material scientists there knew that when glass breaks, it is
       | typically due to microscopic cracks in the material's surface
       | which form during the production process. Dramatically increasing
       | the toughness of the glass surface was possible, they found, by
       | replacing the smaller sodium ions in the glass with
       | electronically charged potassium ions. Potassium ions need more
       | space, pressing harder against neighbouring atoms and building up
       | more tension that needs to be overcome for the microscopic cracks
       | to get bigger"_
       | 
       | I believe the technology in itself, is a bit more admirable and
       | rather the people involved mentioning, than those who were using
       | it to shape a glass.
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | I've listened to a (bad) podcast about women scientist and the
         | host went on a rant about how the evil men took away from the
         | real inventor of the fridge, that was a woman, to give it to a
         | man.
         | 
         | I challenge anyone to name the inventor of the fridge. At least
         | in my country it is completely unknown who it was.
        
           | LeroyRaz wrote:
           | I mean, Wikipedia says "the history of artificial
           | refrigeration began when Scottish professor William Cullen
           | [made a fridge]"
           | 
           | But, again (merely sourcing from Wikipedia) the idea of
           | evaporative cooling is ancient.
        
             | rvnx wrote:
             | Ideas and techs are consequences over previous discoveries
             | so it is never a process with a single person.
             | 
             | Even Einstein, it's the continuity of previous works, etc.
             | 
             | Failures that other did are also saving precious time.
             | 
             | This is why the idea of patents is just absurd.
             | 
             | Everybody should have the right to create anything they
             | want, and the natural selection will do its work on keeping
             | the best implementations alive.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > This is why the idea of patents is just absurd.
               | 
               | Well, not _absurd_. The last person on the chain
               | contributed a lot to extending the chain.
               | 
               | But yeah, ridiculously overblown. Patents should be a
               | much lighter thing.
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | Maybe 5 years or so. Not like music where unrelated
               | people are earning millions on royalties of Ravel's
               | pieces that they inherited because so far-away relatives
               | were cleaning their living room.
        
               | adamc wrote:
               | What you see there are the workings of power,
               | particularly of large corporations. Not that different
               | from copyright and Disney.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _I mean, Wikipedia says_
             | 
             | Yes, but the claim was that some kind of fame was stolen
             | from the "real inventor of the fridge" (sic).
             | 
             | And the parent's point is that the one considered the
             | inventor atm (deservingly or not), hardly has any fame to
             | begin with. Sure, he might have a Wikipedia entry, along
             | with OnlyFans creators and every minor character in Star
             | Wars lore. Including non-movie characters.
        
         | Frieren wrote:
         | > "Even though Superfest glasses were ubiquitous in every bar,
         | canteen and household in the Soviet satellite state, few people
         | had heard of Paul Bittner, Fritz Keuchel and Tilo Poitz, the
         | design collective who gave them their shape."
         | 
         | I guess that it is in the same way you do not hear about the
         | engineers and designers at Apple, Space X, etc.
         | 
         | > I believe the technology in itself, is a bit more admirable
         | and the people involved mentioning, than the mere shaping.
         | 
         | But we hear all the time about CEOs and their opinions, thou.
         | And they are way less interesting that the tech and the
         | engineers that work at their companies.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | Yeah, how many designers and inventors of industrial
           | processes, or materials, or techniques or such we know widely
           | in the west?
           | 
           | Never mind that even for those well known to us engineers,
           | regular people couldn't name what they did either, except
           | maybe Edisson, Tesla, Wright Brothers, and a few more. E.g.
           | would even more modern PhD holders know what Watt
           | contributed? Or Lord Kelvin?
           | 
           | People like Gates, Bezos, Musk, and Jobs on the other hand,
           | everybody knows.
        
             | indoordin0saur wrote:
             | Yes, the engineer CEOs like Gates, Musk and Jensen Huang
             | certainly become very well known. Not so much for their
             | engineering prowess (though it is typically great) but for
             | being the symbol of the products they create.
        
               | Frieren wrote:
               | > Not so much for their engineering prowess (though it is
               | typically great) but for being the symbol of the products
               | they create.
               | 
               | They are mostly known for being rich. Very very rich. Way
               | better engineers creating way better products are not
               | well known.
               | 
               | "Great engineering" is not the word choice I will go for
               | to describe their legacy.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | > Potassium ions need more space, pressing harder against
         | neighbouring atoms and building up more tension that needs to
         | be overcome for the microscopic cracks to get bigger.
         | 
         | I just posted a comment in which I doubt the article's
         | explanation of the physics behind the process:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41180590
        
         | aeyes wrote:
         | You can look them up in the patent which also explains in
         | pretty good detail how the process works:
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/DD157966A3
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | So Siegfried Schelinski, Dieter Patzig, Klaus Heinrich and
           | Bernd Grueger did the main work inventink the "unbreakable"
           | drinking glass. Just for the record.
        
       | prmoustache wrote:
       | Interesting. I resorted a year ago to using stainless steel
       | glasses (for water, not wine or beer).
        
       | laborcontract wrote:
       | Article fails to mention that these glasses explode when they do
       | crack. Not fun cleaning it up.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | I've had many Duralex glasses break (it has the same "issue")
         | and exploding is a massive exaggeration. They break into many
         | peaces yes, but they are less dangerous than normal glass. I
         | also do not like cleaning up normal glass since you need to
         | handle it with care. Especially around drunk people.
        
       | RRRA wrote:
       | I'm curious who is still making something similar
        
       | jakubmazanec wrote:
       | Not sure if it's the same material, but this article reminded me
       | of a very funny scene from the Czech movie "Pelisky" about
       | "unbreakable" glasses. Here it is with English subtitles:
       | https://youtu.be/6QTieSQeNvE?si=vmtCUAKXVhtg62aq&t=1930
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | My first though after seeing the title: A sklari nebudou mit co
         | zrat.
         | 
         | But unlike plastic ones in the film, glasses in the article are
         | from modified glass.
        
           | trizoza wrote:
           | Same here, even shared with my family with note: "Pelisky on
           | top of hackernews today" :D
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Heh, a Czech club forming in real time :)
             | 
             | In order to fulfill all the memes, we can defenestrate
             | those glasses.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | Not Czech, I just wanted to chime in that
               | 'defenestration' is one of my all-time favourite words -
               | that the act occurred frequently enough to warrant its
               | own word being coined...
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Frequently enough to have been mentioned in the bible...
        
               | jakubmazanec wrote:
               | There was a HN post about this last year:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36737342
        
       | echoangle wrote:
       | I wonder how often people really break glasses, for me it's maybe
       | once per year or less. Unless the glasses last a lifetime and you
       | never replace them due to style/design preferences, I don't think
       | it would be economical to go with those glasses. Ecologically
       | it's different of course.
        
         | black6 wrote:
         | For each individual drinking glass it depends on how frequently
         | it's handled. In a household a drinking glass may get handled
         | once a week. In a restaurant or pub it can be multiple times a
         | day. More frequent handling means more opportunity to break.
        
         | hencoappel wrote:
         | Now think on the scale of a restaurant/bar. Could save them a
         | lot if none of the glasses broke!
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | > Dramatically increasing the toughness of the glass surface was
       | possible, they found, by replacing the smaller sodium ions in the
       | glass with electronically charged potassium ions.
       | 
       | This sentence angers the chemist in me. A potassium cation has
       | exactly the same charge as a sodium cation, namely, +1.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Well that bothers the logician in me, they didn't say the
         | sodium ions weren't charged, you are just assuming that
         | implication ;)
        
           | Log_out_ wrote:
           | If they knew enough about it to write about it correctly they
           | would pursuit other work then journalism.
        
       | panick21_ wrote:
       | > The glasses are too good for pure market thinking.
       | 
       | This argument never made sense to me.
       | 
       | Of course if you go to the big glass retailers. That just sounds
       | like dumb marketing. It clearly would require a smaller retailer
       | that could disrupt.
       | 
       | The people you have to convince to buy these are the direct
       | consumers who carry the cost. Combine that maybe with some
       | financial products to make it easy to acquire or directly
       | cooperate with drinks companies, or distribution companies.
       | 
       | Or I mean there are lots of other potential markets for glass.
       | 
       | At the very least they are not telling the full story here. If
       | this glass is really so amazingly superior, and such a no-
       | brainer, then somebody could have saved a lot of money here. More
       | likely the company was just not positioned or lead well enough to
       | figure out a strategy.
       | 
       | At the vary least I need more then a one supporter with skin in
       | the game saying 'we were just to good'. I have heard that often
       | and its sometimes true, more often it isn't.
        
         | iSnow wrote:
         | The first years of post-reunification were not good years for
         | innovative companies from the former GDR.
         | 
         | There was lack of money for investments unless you got sold to
         | Western investors who might or might not have understood the
         | value of your product. Eastern companies notoriously had old
         | machines and low productivity and no experience in sales &
         | marketing. Wages had to be paid in hard currency all of a
         | sudden while traditional markets in the East did not have this
         | hard currency. Western markets usually were already very
         | competitive (as mentioned in the article where they tried to
         | sell to Western Germany a couple of years before).
         | 
         | Additionally, there was no internet back then, so crowdfunding
         | wasn't available, direct selling to consumers was very hard,
         | and sophisticated market places did not exist.
         | 
         | I know those glasses, they were indeed very good, but kind of
         | out of fashion in the early 90's.
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of Duralex, I've inherited a lot of their
         | glasses. They look nice, feel good, I've always used them. They
         | remind me of my mum, my aunt and my grandma. I've also never
         | purchased any. There is no reason to think they won't last
         | another 100 years? Is there?
        
       | aeyes wrote:
       | To me the most surprising property to this day is how thin and
       | light these glasses were. They are almost as thin as a modern
       | wine glass but I don't remember ever breaking one accidentally.
       | 
       | Edit: The article is poorly researched. The design pictured
       | wasn't the only design they sold, it was just the most common one
       | used in restaurants and bars. I had these glasses with kids
       | prints. I found a page which shows a few more designs:
       | https://militariasammlermarkt.de/ddr/zum-thema-ddr-ostalgie/...
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | They specifically mentioned they had a range of glasses, so
         | don't know why you say it's poorly researched:
         | 
         | > For their range of glasses - which included variants for
         | champagne, schnapps and cognac as well as three different sizes
         | for beer - the designer trio were inspired by the equally
         | beautiful so-called Wirteglas, which the East German designers
         | Margarete Jahny and Erich Muller created in the early 1970s.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | He's referring to the patterns on the glass not the shape of
           | the glass.
           | 
           | > One factor that may have hindered Superfest's
           | competitiveness in a unified Germany was _its functionalist,
           | austere look._ Especially in southern parts of the country,
           | drinkers like to swig their beer from glasses decorated with
           | gold edging or engraved coats of arms. "Baroque decoration on
           | a Superfest glass wouldn't work," says Hohne. "It would
           | violate the design itself."
           | 
           | The 6th image in the carousel on that page shows gold rimmed
           | glasses with a decorative design, hardly an austere look.
        
       | bravura wrote:
       | Then can someone explain why the obscene and completely ludicrous
       | "pfand" token system is so common still in Eastern Germany?
        
         | c-fe wrote:
         | Its common everywhere in germany and also other countries, and
         | why is it obscene and ludicrous?
        
           | thecosmicfrog wrote:
           | It has just been introduced in Ireland under the name "Re-
           | turn".
        
           | jonp888 wrote:
           | Since he mentions a "token", I don't think he means the
           | recycling system, but rather than whenver you visit a
           | festival/sports events etc., you typically have to pay a
           | deposit of EUR2 for the cup your drink is served in. Before
           | you leave you have to return the cup for a refund.
           | 
           | Sometimes you also get issued a "token" and the refund is
           | only possible with the token, so you can't return other cups
           | you find lying around.
        
             | bravura wrote:
             | It's the concept of a pfand system that involves a token.
             | 
             | The token is ridiculous and makes no sense. I've actively
             | interrogated GPT4 on it and it becomes increasingly
             | nonsensical trying to explain it.
             | 
             | Possession of the cup itself is proof in itself that I
             | possess the item of value worth the pfand. The token itself
             | is pointless.
        
         | Mordisquitos wrote:
         | There is nothing wrong with the "pfand" system and I wish we
         | had it here in Spain. However, the recycling industry actively
         | lobbies against it [0].
         | 
         | [0] (in Spanish) https://www.elsaltodiario.com/ecoembes/miente-
         | investigacion-...
        
       | distantsounds wrote:
       | ah, you can get bongs made in the USA with similar strength.
       | 
       | https://tankglass.com/
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | What annoys me about this is that due to recyclability they are
       | going to replace the borosilicate glass formula with one made off
       | soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass is significantly less durable in
       | heat/cool cycles, and part of the point of high-durability glass
       | is it's reusability! Germany, like many parts of the world, in
       | the name of being green has gone all-in on recycling but fail to
       | remember the green trifecta and it's priority ordering: Reduce,
       | Reuse, Recycle. That is, recycling is a /last resort/.
       | 
       | If they continued with the prior borosilicate based formula these
       | could be high-temperature sanitized and reused when making
       | bottles and it works better for the hot/cold cycles typical of
       | high temperature sanitization and cool wash-downs used in
       | commercial bar settings.
       | 
       | The same thing happened to the Pyrex brand. It used to be the
       | gold standard for glass bakeware because it was made from
       | borosilicate glass which made it much more drop resistant /and/
       | better for heat/cool cycles. Now Pyrex branded products have gone
       | to being made predominantly of soda-lime based formulas and newer
       | Pyrex dishes are known for being prone to exploding when you move
       | a casserole prepped the night before from the fridge/freezer to
       | the oven.
       | 
       | I really wish we still had seriously durable high-quality
       | products available and we weren't regressing to lowest common
       | denominator across our society. Soda-lime glass is not a buy-it-
       | for-life product, regardless of what you do to the formula.
        
       | fencepost wrote:
       | For people talking about glass recycling, it's not NEARLY as
       | simple as you might think because of input issues. Along with CoE
       | (Coefficient of Expansion) concerns that may arise depending on
       | the exact input materials, recycling ends up with grit and
       | contaminants in the material, and those end up as inclusions in
       | final products. That might not be a concern for glass blocks, but
       | for anything where you care about the end quality (food
       | containers, large sheets of glass for windows, etc.) inclusions
       | can result in a lot of production loss. It's also not like you
       | can just melt it and let the inclusions float or sink out -
       | molten glass doesn't flow like water, and particles don't just
       | move through it.
        
         | morsch wrote:
         | Complicated, but routinely done? Glass recycling seems to be
         | routine and widespread. Glass containers and jars, that is, not
         | drinking glasses.
        
         | tgtweak wrote:
         | This is why they have green and brown bottles in beverage
         | industries, they're typically lower down the recycling chain so
         | impurities and mixed silicates can be used without affecting
         | the end use.
         | 
         | I don't think this glass is any less prone to recycling than
         | standard sodium glass since it looks to be a post process with
         | largely the same input materials.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | Green, but especially brown, also protects photosensitive
           | contents (eg beer).
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | And why would this contamination not happen with non-recycled
         | glass, which is made from sand?
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | One of the major products made out of recycled glass is
         | Fiberglass (yes, it's literally glass) - sold in rolls for
         | insulation.
        
         | trelane wrote:
         | And long, _long_ before recycling glass, people just reused the
         | bottle as a bottle. Which is IMHO the better approach.
        
       | jiehong wrote:
       | You know Kintsugi, this Chinese and Japanese ceramic repair art
       | by making the repair shine?
       | 
       | Maybe we could try to do that with standard glass glasses.
        
       | ngcc_hk wrote:
       | Usual problem - a glass that last meant a company that broke.
       | Same for lamp. Not sure whether communism under a foreign power
       | helps here.
        
       | complaintdept wrote:
       | Corning used to make these bowls (called "Grab and Go", I think)
       | that were very difficult to break. You could cook in them, eat
       | out of them with utensils that damage normal ceramic (like a Ti
       | spork), and probably throw them out of your kitchen window onto
       | cement and they'd be fine. They sold off the patent to some other
       | company that couldn't afford the production and quality went way
       | down -- I think prod required intense heat and/or pressure. Sad
       | times.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Sounds like the Pyrex story - apparently "old Pyrex" is well
         | regarded and desired, "new Pyrex" is crap.
         | 
         | https://www.allrecipes.com/article/what-is-the-difference-be...
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | The new company is called Corelle and they make a pretty
         | durable range dishes and bowls out of the same material. I
         | don't think I've ever broken one by dropping it, however if you
         | drop a ceramic knife blade onto one of them the Corelle will
         | immediately fracture for some reason.
        
           | rpdillon wrote:
           | Corelle is legit, anecdotally. Have had a set of Corelle
           | since 2004, have yet to break a single item. Mostly,
           | dishwasher cycles are slowly eating away at the edges of the
           | plates and bowls, but given its been 20 years, I'm OK with
           | that. I'm not like the guy mentioned in another comment that
           | throws his dishes onto the counter and into the cabinet,
           | though.
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | Rule #1: Never read a Guardian article about East Germany.
        
       | yokoprime wrote:
       | Is this like a prince rupert's drop? i assume this completely
       | explodes when it breaks.
        
       | jdfedgon wrote:
       | There's this anecdote, somehow connected to this topic.
       | 
       | Some decades ago, a manufacturer from East Germany, former GDR,
       | was participating at a fair for lights and light bulbs. This
       | manufacturer invented a light bulb that never burns its glow
       | wire.
       | 
       | At some point during the fair the companies from West Germany had
       | a big laugh on that manufacturer, mocking him and his invention.
       | Their argument: If you build a bulb like this, how are you going
       | to make money?
       | 
       | Now, I cannot say why we don't have glasses like this already but
       | my assumption is that the monetary incentive is seen as being
       | contradictory to such an invention.
        
         | occamschainsaw wrote:
         | This actually happened much earlier in the first half of the
         | 20th century. It was an international cartel with household
         | names (GE, Osram, Phillips etc).
         | 
         | "The cartel tested their bulbs and fined manufacturers for
         | bulbs that lasted more than 1,000 hours."
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebus_cartel
         | 
         | https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | I mean if you don't already have a large light bulb business
         | this sounds like a great idea.
         | 
         | Make a million light bulbs and sell all of them and then do
         | whatever it is that you want.
         | 
         | Similar to finding a cure for cancer. There's a huge market
         | that you can just eliminate and then retire.
        
         | cleansy wrote:
         | That and producing these glasses with said technique is a lot
         | more expensive. You need to heat up the glass and the potassium
         | nitrate to 500C, mostly over hours because otherwise the glass
         | breaks. Then you need to keep it for a couple of hours, then
         | cool down slowly. What made the initial east german production
         | work is, they did it on a large industrial scale, but even then
         | the energy that you need makes the glasses quite expensive to
         | produce. It's hard to justify buying 6-7EUR for a regular
         | drinking cup when a comparable form factor is 1EUR or something
         | in this region.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | Maybe depends on price and market.
         | 
         | In the US, consumers like stuff that is cheap, and don't seem
         | to care much if it is poor quality and breaks - they'll just
         | buy another.
         | 
         | In the UK, at least when I lived there 30 years ago, people
         | seemed content to pay more for quality items that would last
         | longer.
         | 
         | I noticed when I moved to the US and saw same brand, e.g. Black
         | & Decker selling cheap plastic US-only versions of products
         | compared to their heavy duty cast iron counterparts sold in the
         | UK that would last forever.
        
         | torginus wrote:
         | Actually Technology Connections made a great youtube video on
         | this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zb7Bs98KmnY
         | 
         | The gist is that by running bulbs at a lower power, you can
         | greatly prolong its life, but the downside is that it doesn't
         | heat up as much, and since emissions spectrum correllates with
         | temperature, ends up being much worse at converting electricity
         | to light, which ends up being not worth it.
        
       | ianbicking wrote:
       | "The problem with the original Superfest glass is that its
       | manufacturers worked with modified alumino or borosilicate glass,
       | which is not as easy to recycle as the more common soda-lime
       | glass. So Soulbottles' challenge is to produce glass that is both
       | durable and recyclable."
       | 
       | Why would they care about recycling it? It's not a disposable
       | product. If it breaks you can't recycle it anyway (at least in
       | the US recyclers don't want broken glass). Isn't durable good
       | enough?
       | 
       | Or is this a result of Germany's obsessive recycling culture?
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > If it breaks you can't recycle it anyway (at least in the US
         | recyclers don't want broken glass)
         | 
         | In France glass is explicitly broken upon deposit at the
         | recycle bin. I'd guess it's the same in Germany.
         | 
         | > Or is this a result of Germany's obsessive recycling culture
         | 
         | God forbid anyone thinks a little bit ahead to avoid extra
         | waste.
        
       | doener wrote:
       | This reminds me of a column in DIE ZEIT from 1999 on the subject
       | of the planned obsolescence of light bulbs:
       | 
       | "Is it actually true that light bulb manufacturers could have
       | produced light bulbs with an almost unlimited life a long time
       | ago, but don't want to in order to stay in business? Rainer
       | Mauersberger, Tucson (USA)
       | 
       | I don't want to speculate here about the motives of the light
       | bulb manufacturers, but just want to list a few facts.
       | 
       | 1. every light bulb (as it is correctly called) has a limited
       | service life because tungsten atoms constantly evaporate from the
       | filament and the wire breaks at some point.
       | 
       | 2. how long the wire lasts can be "adjusted", for example by
       | making it thicker or thinner. However, if you make it glow less
       | brightly and thus increase its service life, the already poor
       | efficiency drops even further - a standard light bulb only
       | converts four percent of the electrical energy into light.
       | 
       | 3) Since December 24, 1924, there has in fact been an
       | international "light bulb cartel", which was essentially
       | controlled by the companies General Electric (USA), Osram/Siemens
       | (Germany) and Associated Electrical Industries (Great Britain).
       | This cartel not only divided up the global markets among
       | themselves, but also reached agreements on how long a light bulb
       | should last - since the Second World War, this has been 1,000
       | hours. In the Soviet Union and Hungary, there have always been
       | bulbs with a longer service life; the Chinese bulb still burns
       | for 5000 hours today.
       | 
       | 4) The inventor Dieter Binninger developed a light bulb with a
       | considerably longer life expectancy, which he also patented. His
       | three improvements: a new form of filament
       | 
       | filament, a glass bulb filled with noble gas and a diode as a
       | "dimmer". The Binninger bulb lasted 150,000 hours and consumed
       | only around 50 percent more energy than an ordinary bulb for the
       | same light output. Binninger produced the light bulbs himself,
       | but then negotiated with the Treuhand to take over the GDR
       | company Narva. Shortly after submitting his offer, the light bulb
       | revolutionary crashed in a private plane in 1991.
       | 
       | 5 Today, light bulbs are no longer manufactured in the new
       | federal states. Light bulbs in the western world still have a
       | life span of 1000 hours. Christoph Drosser
       | 
       | Translated with DeepL.com (free version)"
       | 
       | https://www.zeit.de/stimmts/1999/199933_stimmts_gluehbir
        
         | BobAliceInATree wrote:
         | Technology Connections did a whole video on the pros & cons of
         | longer-lasting incandescents.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zb7Bs98KmnY
        
         | teractiveodular wrote:
         | The cartel mentioned here is not merely a figure of speech or
         | conspiracy theory, but an actual agreement between
         | manufacturers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebus_cartel
        
       | r3trohack3r wrote:
       | > But the main reason for its decline, paradoxically, was its
       | strength. Glass retailers who play by the rules of the market
       | live off the fact that their products break, so they can sell
       | more. A glass that didn't break was a threat to profits.
       | 
       | I've heard this story repeated multiple times but I've never
       | bought it. Unless there is a glass cartel, i.e. crony capitalism,
       | I have a hard time believing that consumers wouldn't storm the
       | gates for unbreakable glassware.
       | 
       | If I were a bar owner, and I had near 100% restocking of my
       | glassware annually (which I believe is in the ballpark of the
       | actual number), I would be willing to bypass my supply chain and
       | order these glasses directly from the manufacturer.
       | 
       | I can't see how someone couldn't make a decent living off the
       | addressable market of one time sales of this glassware.
       | 
       | This doesn't seem like it is a true market dynamic - but I might
       | be missing something.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | The best alternative is Aluminium oxynitride, a bulletproof
       | transparent ceramic.
       | 
       | It's kind of expensive, though.
       | 
       | Would you buy a lifetime glass for 500$?
        
       | schappim wrote:
       | Previous discussion [1]: Superfest - The almost unbreakable East
       | German Glass (2021)
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40260399
        
       | idkwhatiamdoing wrote:
       | This kickstarter worked together with some researchers to bring
       | back to live exactly that kind of glass! Today I actually
       | received the link to place my order from the pledge
       | https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/paulkupfer/ultraglass-s...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-08-07 23:00 UTC)