[HN Gopher] Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master: The Medieval Gui...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master: The Medieval Guild (2018)
        
       Author : squircle
       Score  : 109 points
       Date   : 2024-08-04 15:11 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.philosophicalsociety.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.philosophicalsociety.org)
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | Journeyman sounds very much like a postdoc. (the traditional
       | costumes are rare, but I've seen a few journeymen all togged out*
       | for going "auf der Walz" over the last couple of decades)
       | 
       | * eg https://www.wirholzbauer.ch/de/magazine-
       | online/detail/?tx_hb...
       | 
       | more on the topic:
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...
        
         | normie3000 wrote:
         | "auf der Walz" auf Englisch?
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | "on tour"?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journeyman_years#:~:text=In%20.
           | .. (EDIT: or https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41159370 )
           | 
           | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUslm_F0niA
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | I guess in English for the upper classes The Grand Tour
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Tour probably the
             | plebes only go on tour.
        
         | baruz wrote:
         | Universities began as medieval guilds (Latin universitas =
         | guild corporate body) around cathedral schools, composed of
         | teachers (in the northern cathedral schools) or students (in
         | Italy). The university's grant of a masters degree would allow
         | you to perform as a teacher (Latin magister) in any other
         | cathedral school.
        
       | geertj wrote:
       | These levels are are still used in the US today for eg
       | electricians and other licensed trades. Interesting that they
       | survived for so long.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | (2018)
       | 
       | Some previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24473869
        
       | repelsteeltje wrote:
       | Of course, the tag line for the classic Pragmatic Programmer book
       | originally was not _your journey to mastery_ , but _from
       | journeyman to master_.
       | 
       | So much more apt.
       | 
       | https://pragprog.com/titles/tpp20/the-pragmatic-programmer-2...
        
       | Simon_ORourke wrote:
       | These are still very much in use in Germany today. I met a few of
       | these guys in Berlin looking for a couch to crash on for a few
       | days, all carpenters and very funny guys.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journeyman_years
        
         | Daub wrote:
         | I believe that German education is more pragmatic than (for
         | example) British. The Germans invented the polytechnic,
         | designed to teach practical skills. The British converted most
         | of their polytechnics to universities, to their detriment. They
         | now have a bunch of low functioning universities and have lost
         | all their trade schools.
        
           | craz8 wrote:
           | Ha! I went to a British polytechnic. There wasn't a lot of
           | very practical degrees ( there were some though), but there
           | was a lot of hands on computer work in my Computer and
           | Communications degree
           | 
           | It is strange on a resume listing a university I never
           | technically went to, but now only Wikipedia remembers! And I
           | was there before Thor destroyed it in a movie
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | That used to be the idea. University used to be much more
           | broad with students often being encouraged to join courses in
           | other disciplines to broaden their knowledge. Then came the
           | Bachelor/Master system and suddenly you had to take exams at
           | the end of lectures, participation was tracked and you'd be
           | failed with no recourse for missing more than twice,
           | everything had to fit into the narrowly defined "modules" you
           | had to pick from (if there was any choice at all) and it all
           | just started feeling like a continuation from school rather
           | than a genuine gateway to scientific expert knowledge. I hope
           | things have improved but the university system is a lot more
           | school-like compared to the free-for-all it was twenty years
           | ago.
           | 
           | Meanwhile because of degree inflation trades for a long time
           | had such a bad reputation they can't find any apprentices but
           | also can't afford the lucrative wages and perks promised by
           | international megacorps.
           | 
           | There's also a very strong cultural and class divide between
           | the three tracks of "highschool", especially _Gymnasium_ (the
           | highest tier -- doesn 't have anything to do with sports) and
           | the other two as only the former allows you to graduate with
           | an _Abitur_ which allows you to study at a university (unless
           | you want to take night school classes to earn the same
           | qualification with more time and effort). It 's kinda like
           | public vs private schools, except less explicitly about
           | wealth and heritage.
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | > I hope things have improved but the university system is
             | a lot more school-like compared to the free-for-all it was
             | twenty years ago.
             | 
             | I agree with this point, but all of the specific things you
             | mention were already well in place twenty years ago (e.g.
             | modular courses).
        
             | Daub wrote:
             | > the university system is a lot more school-like compared
             | to the free-for-all it was twenty years ago.
             | 
             | Agreed... it is. This is a loss and a gain.
             | 
             | In the 1980s, as a foundation (19 yo) student of a certain
             | London art school, I was taken to Hyde Park for 'drawing
             | lessons' and given drug-laced cake by my lecturer, without
             | my knowing. Student-staff sexual relationships were common
             | and it was not unusual for lecturers to be absent the
             | entire semester yet still be paid. Staff rollover was
             | practically non-existent: a job was Ipso-facto a job for
             | life, regardless of your performance. Pertinently, the
             | program was pass/fail.
             | 
             | As a university lecturer, I now work in a credit-based
             | system. Everything is accountable and the layers of
             | administration have quadrupled.
             | 
             | Neither system is perfect. In the end, I believe that it is
             | the faith and energy of those who deliver the system to be
             | the deciding factor.
        
       | zoogeny wrote:
       | It is important to note, especially given the positive view given
       | to the guild system in this article, that it is written on a
       | masonic philosophy page. The freemasons have a long and esoteric
       | history that should be viewed with some skepticism. Secret
       | fraternal orders have a sketchy history.
       | 
       | George Carlin has a famous comedy bit where he states "It's a big
       | club and you ain't in it" [1]. My own feeling is that guilds of
       | all sorts prioritize exclusivity for the purposes of bestowing
       | power on some select few. As the article states "Master's were
       | few and far between". This is similar to how luxury brands
       | maintain their high value: exclusivity. The standardization and
       | guarantees of quality seem to be secondary to the pyramid scheme
       | nature of ascension within these organizations (in the same way
       | that the quality of luxury goods is often secondary to their
       | exclusivity). It reminds me in some ways of the concept of
       | "familiars" in vampire lore, humans who willingly toil away for
       | their masters hoping one day to be elevated to the same level.
       | 
       | It is a complex topic because of the positives and negatives of
       | these systems being highly intertwined. To this day in Canada
       | there is an apprenticeship system for trades. However, it is no
       | longer an inner circle of masters deciding who gets the special
       | status, it is a regional qualification body with clear
       | guidelines, training, testing and certification.
       | 
       | As a society we haven't at all gotten away from the degenerate
       | aspects of guilds. Think of the association with the
       | "golf/country club" crowd. Or things like the Skull and Bones [2]
       | type organizations at elite universities. Or when people joke
       | about the Illuminati. This article is arguing _for_ that by
       | presenting a rose-tinted-glasses view of the past.
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nyvxt1svxso&ab_channel=SkyEc...
       | 
       | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_and_Bones
        
         | waveBidder wrote:
         | Historically, guilds were first and foremost a tool to enforce
         | monopoly power on the part of masters against anyone else
         | trying to enter the market (and against eachother to maintain
         | monopoly pricing and supply). Luddites were actually just doing
         | what guilds normally did.
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | Agreed, but parent article makes the good point that the
           | Hansa League and guilds also pushed back very effectively on
           | the nobility in Germany snd Northern Europe (Bergen Norway
           | was in the Hansa League).
           | 
           | And if you are willing to be more generous (as the author and
           | I are) these protective societies of workers and merchants
           | were an early step toward free market economies unencumbered
           | by lazy landed gentry. Compare the history of Spain and
           | France during this era to that of Germany and Holland.
        
             | zoogeny wrote:
             | > guilds also pushed back very effectively on the nobility
             | in Germany snd Northern Europe
             | 
             | If your argument is that exclusive initiatory societies
             | were an improvement on hereditary nobility rule then you
             | won't get much of a push back from me. However, are they
             | better than constitutional democratic republics?
             | 
             | I don't actually have a clear answer to that question. I
             | mean, I have a feeling that I have more chance of being
             | initiated into a guild than I do being promoted to
             | nobility. That _potential_ for inclusion goes a long way,
             | much like the oft-cited American dream where even the poor
             | think they have a chance at being a millionaire. And our
             | current democratic system doesn 't seem to be adequately
             | controlling the quality of our society.
             | 
             | As I mentioned, it is actually a very complex question. I
             | just recommend people to be skeptical. Societies that form
             | around keeping some thing secret except for initiated
             | members for the purposes of exclusivity should be treated
             | with a large dose of skepticism.
        
           | o11c wrote:
           | According to people who complained about guilds, sure.
           | 
           | But let's not forget that fraud and incompetence are
           | _extremely_ common across history. And also that the very
           | concept of _universities_ derived from guilds.
           | 
           | So in a sense we _do_ still have, and rely on, a guild system
           | today.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | In a way it's also simply a network of trust. Sure, you
             | didn't have many masters but journeymen carried the
             | reputation of their master and that transferred when
             | seeking employment elsewhere as well as when eventually
             | becoming masters themselves.
             | 
             | The concept of having the number of businesses artificially
             | limited also isn't gone in modern Germany: notaries and
             | medical practices are allocated licenses based on regional
             | population densities. As I understand it, taxi medallions
             | are another example in the US (not sure how this works in
             | Germany). Of course the idea in this case is to encourage
             | specialists to spread out throughout the country rather
             | than bunch up in the most lucrative population centers.
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | I'm not sure why you're bring Luddites into this. Ludd and
           | his followers were opposing the industrialization of their
           | professions because it meant they were losing their jobs to
           | machines while the factory owners were continuing to build on
           | the wealth they helped create. Technological progress is
           | still usually spoken about in abstract and misleading terms
           | of "increasing productivity" as if it were about reducing the
           | workload of the worker when instead the worker's hours remain
           | the same and a reduced workload just translates into
           | "redundancies", i.e. the workers don't gain anything from
           | being "more productive", they actually stand to lose their
           | jobs entirely because fewer workers are necessary for the
           | same output.
        
             | waveBidder wrote:
             | The behavior of smashing their competitor's means of
             | production was typical of guilds, and iirc it was one of
             | the last instances of guilds acting to defend their
             | interest in England. I'm more sympathetic to the Luddites
             | than most guilds since it's around the time the
             | labor/capital split in the productive class actually
             | happened.
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | not sure what the issue is unless someone had fallen down the
         | rabbit hole of anti-masonry. FOSS projects could learn a great
         | deal about how to run sustainable organizations from
         | fraternities, and their hierarchies and lodge structure is
         | likely a more stable and sustainable form than 501c non-
         | profits.
         | 
         | if you want to know about freemasonry, consider the quality of
         | their enemies.
        
           | zoogeny wrote:
           | I think there is "anti-masonry" and what I suggested as
           | skepticism. For example, nepotism and cronyism aren't de-
           | facto bad (e.g. a father handing the family business to his
           | son or a person hiring a trusted and loyal friend). But if
           | someone is a member of the "cronyism promotion society" and
           | they write an article extolling the benefits of cronyism then
           | that opinion ought to be digested with a large grain of salt.
           | It is worth pointing out that there are some negative aspects
           | to cronyism, just as there are negative aspects to secretive
           | initiative societies.
           | 
           | At it's core, this article is a stealth motte and bailey
           | argument. It points out the benefits of guilds (where there
           | is a legitimate argument to be made about skill transfer and
           | quality of work) to support a deeper ideology about
           | hierarchical structures of society. If one wants to make the
           | argument that the ritualization present in free masonry is a
           | net benefit to X, then present that argument directly.
        
         | diffxx wrote:
         | Late Carlin got far too misanthropic for my taste.
         | 
         | Like all things, we need balance. This is a good argument
         | against guilds, but there are positive aspects of the system
         | too. Imagine a world that was truly a free for all -- one in
         | which there were no trusted authorities in any field. I believe
         | such a society would quickly devolve into a dystopia and
         | collapse.
         | 
         | From my perspective, the big problem is when there is no
         | competition among guilds and the guild leaders wield
         | disproportionate societal power. That is how you end up with
         | oppressive oligarchy, which honestly is a reasonable
         | description of the global order right now. My hope though is
         | that we are better able to organize and compete against the
         | current oligarchic order.
        
           | zoogeny wrote:
           | > I believe such a society would quickly devolve into a
           | dystopia and collapse.
           | 
           | The main argument in favor of
           | totalitarianism/authoritarianism is pretty much always law &
           | order. And the main argument against the prevailing power
           | structure is pretty much always freedom (e.g. from oppression
           | and/or protection of fairness in competition). So the
           | question is often, what is more important to you, order or
           | freedom? How much freedom would you give up for order, and
           | how much order would you give up for freedom?
           | 
           | However, guilds aren't the only way to promote
           | structure/order. As I said, the system in Canada is
           | regionalized through state run organizations which are
           | answerable to a democratic process. It is not through some
           | secret cabal of "Masters" who make arbitrary decisions. We
           | can achieve order without requiring esoteric fraternal
           | societies. For all of their flaws, constitutional democratic
           | republics offer a much better system of accountability.
        
         | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
         | > My own feeling is that guilds of all sorts prioritize
         | exclusivity for the purposes of bestowing power on some select
         | few. As the article states "Master's were few and far between".
         | 
         | One possible reason could simply be there's a lot more _future_
         | impact to granting someone the final title. If you proclaim
         | someone a  "Maestro of C++," then suddenly all the other C++
         | laborers will get a clear signal that whatever that person is
         | doing is implicitly _also_ what they should do, if they want to
         | move up the ladder.
         | 
         | Beyond that, the top jobs usually comes with required work to
         | train the next generation. So this person would heavily
         | contribute, both implicitly and explicitly, to the future of
         | the C++ guild.
         | 
         | Considering that impact in combination with how hard it would
         | be to undo the decision, it's not surprising that many
         | organizations might be cautious about deciding to hand someone
         | that title.
         | 
         | > clear guidelines, training, testing and certification.
         | 
         | This makes sense, too. For any organization that wants to
         | _stay_ in the business of handing out these titles for the
         | long-term, meaningful transparency is a good way to go about
         | it.
        
           | Wytwwww wrote:
           | > the top jobs usually comes with required work to train the
           | next generation
           | 
           | Not for free. The reason the system worked back then is that
           | apprentices were basically just a source of extremely labour
           | if not indentured servants outright. They were entirely
           | dependent on their master if they wanted to advance their
           | career.
        
         | Daub wrote:
         | I believe that the main function of guilds was as proto trade
         | unions: to protect those with a craft.
         | 
         | The differentiation of craft and art originated in Italy. It
         | was they who developed the academies as a panic response to a
         | perceived lack of Italian geniuses (this was following the
         | death of Michelangelo). Following that France developed their
         | own academies as a means to develop a national style separate
         | to Italy.
        
         | detourdog wrote:
         | My mom started a "guild" in 1970 with a linguist. This was the
         | counter culture optimistic term for a collective of like minded
         | people bonded by craftsmanship and commerce.
         | 
         | The guild outlived her.
         | 
         | https://www.artisansguildgallery.com/history.html#/
         | 
         | The linguist was out of his mind.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loglan
        
         | nairboon wrote:
         | > George Carlin has a famous comedy bit where he states "It's a
         | big club and you ain't in it"
         | 
         | Just for the record, the club that Carlin is referring to, is
         | not some professional guild. Those were difficult, but not
         | impossible to join.
         | 
         | He's referring to a very tiny minority of ultra-rich people.
         | That's the club that usually doesn't take new members.
        
       | danjl wrote:
       | I have often felt that programming would do well to have a guild-
       | like system. Current job titles and years of experience do not
       | really help to differentiate the quality of individuals. There's
       | also the intangible benefits of trust and quality that come from
       | the system. I'd love to write "craft" code, that is about
       | producing quality code that elegantly solves real problems.
       | Especially in comparison to the current trend of writing code as
       | quickly as possible, with very little regard for quality from
       | folks outside of the dev team.
        
         | eddd-ddde wrote:
         | I love the idea.
         | 
         | I think some people may fear the concept that their years of
         | experience are just not equal to someone else's same years of
         | experience.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | That's no surprise. If I were not very good after 30 years of
           | experience I'd also hope to not be judged by that.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | I've seen more than a handful of "senior" developers with a
             | decade or more experience that were just Jr/Mid with a
             | senior title. I think the problem is that relatively tight
             | pay bands combined with certain expectations of title
             | create practical issues in practice.
        
         | marcus_holmes wrote:
         | There used to be (and maybe still is?) an apprenticeship scheme
         | for software development in Germany. By reputation it produced
         | some excellent developers.
         | 
         | The Anglophone thing of having developers do a 3-year degree in
         | Computer Science (an almost entirely unrelated discipline from
         | Software Development) is ridiculous in comparison.
        
           | bane wrote:
           | In the U.S. at least, the standard undergraduate degree is
           | typically 4 years. Most universities offer a range of degrees
           | in the field outside of C.S. which are very popular as they
           | are now seen as both easier to obtain but also more relevant
           | in the workforce. These include software engineering, systems
           | engineering, information technology, and increasingly just
           | plain old software development.
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | I'm not entirely sure what you mean.
           | 
           | Computer Science is _Informatik_ in Germany. Prior to the
           | Bachelor /Master system it was a _Magister_ study meaning you
           | 'd usually have to take a second major and a minor or two
           | minors alongside it. Typically you'd either study
           | _Wirtschaftsinformatik_ (business computer science), which
           | was focussed on computer science applied to business
           | processes, _Technische Informatik_ (technically used to be a
           | _Diplom_ study I think), which was more focussed on
           | interacting with hardware, or _Theoretische Informatik_ ,
           | which is more similar to the pure abstract computer science
           | and more concerned with higher mathematics than applying the
           | knowledge to build real software.
           | 
           | There is also a recognized trade called _Fachinformatiker_ (I
           | think there 's another one called _Anwendungsinformatiker_
           | which is more similar to _Technische Informatik_ ) which is a
           | job training of applied computer science, involving a mix of
           | classes in English, computer science, mathematics, business
           | and other subjects. This still exists and IMO it's the best
           | way to build a foundation for a career path as an application
           | developer.
           | 
           | The university studies are more useful for specialist jobs or
           | larger corporations that insist on university degrees. If you
           | have broad knowledge despite having a university degree
           | rather than the job qualification, it's mostly because of
           | things you did outside the university track itself.
           | 
           | There is no apprenticeship track I'm aware of like there is
           | for traditional trades that have an
           | apprentice/journeyman/master (Lehrling/Geselle/Meister)
           | distinction, e.g. carpentry, mechanics, hairdressing.
        
             | nairboon wrote:
             | > There is no apprenticeship track I'm aware of like there
             | is for traditional trades that have an
             | apprentice/journeyman/master (Lehrling/Geselle/Meister)
             | distinction, e.g. carpentry, mechanics, hairdressing.
             | 
             | Something like this kind of exists in Switzerland, even in
             | two forms:
             | 
             | One track goes like: normal Lehre -> EFZ, as a Geselle ->
             | eidgenossischer Fachausweise and later -> eidgenossisches
             | Diplom (Meister)
             | 
             | or in case of a Lehre with Berufsmatura: Lehre -> EFZ + BM
             | -> Bachelor FH -> Master FH (Meister)
        
             | Tomte wrote:
             | > Prior to the Bachelor/Master system it was a Magister
             | study
             | 
             | Maybe at some universities. Usually it was a diploma study,
             | with a minor (often mathematics or electrical engineering
             | -- I did linguistics).
        
             | tstenner wrote:
             | The two specializations for Fachinformatiker are FI/AE
             | (Fachinformatiker Anwendungsentwicklerung, i.e. software
             | development) and FI/SI (Fachinformatiker Systemintegration,
             | that is as you already guessed system integration).
        
           | wirrbel wrote:
           | > By reputation it produced some excellent developers
           | 
           | It goes both ways, excellent developers, quite often people
           | who would also have excelled in a computer science program
           | (but failed because bad grades in foreign languages prevented
           | them to get admitted, etc.)
           | 
           | But you also have those that struggle to adopt something
           | other than the Visual Basic they learned in their
           | apprenticeship.
           | 
           | > The Anglophone thing of having developers do a 3-year
           | degree in Computer Science (an almost entirely unrelated
           | discipline from Software Development) is ridiculous in
           | comparison.
           | 
           | Is that different from Germany? Most devs have completed some
           | kind of university degree (or "Hochschule").
           | 
           | If I think of the quality of Software-Engineering
           | instructions I have seen in universities they were always so
           | outdated, that I wonder whether its actually something that
           | can be studied in such an institution in a way that makes
           | sense.
           | 
           | For example I had a lecturer who was ADAMANT that in every
           | software-engineering organisation, Nassi-Schneidermann
           | Diagrams were drawn prior to implementation
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassi-Shneiderman_diagram ).
           | 
           | He taught a C++ course which basically was C (with printf and
           | scanf having been replaced by std::cin and std::cout). Of
           | course it was outdated material and if someone had cared
           | enough they could have created new material, but at what pace
           | and at what frequency?
           | 
           | It makes much more sense to teach concepts, that that's what
           | computer science curricula do, then add some engineering
           | concepts in the mix (requirements engineering, validation /
           | verification) and you have someone who can pick up tech on
           | the job quickly.
        
         | ragnaruss wrote:
         | I think they key part of this is it provides a foundation for
         | having a Licensing Board for our industry. Combining requiring
         | someone licensed to sign off on work where they take actual
         | legal responsibility, with changes to liability laws and
         | insurance for business when they don't use them would go a long
         | way to improving the quality crisis in our industry.
        
           | tracker1 wrote:
           | I'm not sure business would largely tolerate the rigor (and
           | expense) that would come from such liability assignment in
           | practice. Too many businesses will take short cuts, or decide
           | on shortest path, and too many mid/jr devs with senior titles
           | who don't necessarily know the difference.
           | 
           | Nothing more fun that having a security audit of a codebase
           | and seeing how many relatively dumb security issues are
           | present... from SQL injection, to authentication bypass in a
           | "modern" application.
        
           | danjl wrote:
           | Like any certified engineering discipline.
        
         | wirrbel wrote:
         | In Germany there are programs, its a 3 year program and one
         | works in a company and attends classes in a school for theory
         | aspects. So for 3 years you are apprentice, after that
         | journeyman. I assume that you cannot become Master (Meister)
         | for that career path, but probably you are then qualified to
         | attend a college to get a Computer Science or a Software
         | engineering degree.
         | 
         | One should not underestimate how the "Journeyman -> Master"
         | step is overall also one of gate-keeping. My cousin did his
         | "Meister" as a car mechanic and it was costly (compared to for
         | example getting a university degree in Germany which basically
         | is for free) and he needed to do it, so that he could own his
         | own repair shop (otherwise he would have had to hire a
         | "Meister"). In his Meister-Training he was also exposed to a
         | lot of legal regulations and some training in book-keeping etc,
         | which of course is valuable to someone to whom math never was
         | intuitive.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | > So for 3 years you are apprentice, after that journeyman.
           | 
           | What's nutty is that journeyman usually means "capable of a
           | day's work without supervision" (hence the name: journee-man)
           | and I doubt three years of work is really sufficient for that
           | in complex fields like software development.
           | 
           | Granted, I worked with unusually skilled people for much of
           | my early carreer, but I didn't stop feeling like an
           | apprentice for at least seven years if I include education.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | I think it depends heavily on what you are working on. The
             | vast majority of software development is effectively web
             | forms connected to a simple backend/database. The web
             | equivalent of MS-Access or Lotus Notes development.
             | 
             | I mean, you _can_ do a lot more, and many are... It just
             | cannot be underestimated how much low hanging fruit
             | software dev there is in practice.
        
           | southwesterly wrote:
           | I kinda like the idea of apprentice --> journeyman -->
           | master. Especially applied to crafts, but more mechanical /
           | technical aspects too.
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | This structure is good for engagements that have long duration
         | (like >3mths) and high intensity.. a lead, an heir and a spare
         | covering a key "role" means that you have continuity if someone
         | goes sick or gets another job. The project can just keep
         | rolling along!
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Michael Polyani is quoted as making a comparison to guilds and
       | scientists by Richard Rhodes in his book on the Atom Bomb. You
       | become a scientist when other scientists accept you as a
       | scientist. The publication side of things is a bit of a
       | formalism, the critical point is acceptance into the craft. A
       | quite a-scientific approach in some ways.
       | 
       | That was of course in a prior age. Last century, in the dawn of
       | Particle Physics, but I think he wrote of science in general in
       | that time, not just Physicists.
        
       | abdullahkhalids wrote:
       | Are there any good references on how this model, if it existed,
       | was different in other cultures and societies?
        
       | lemurien wrote:
       | This looks like the ,,compagnon du devoir et du tour de France"
       | in France.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnons_du_Devoir
       | 
       | They learn the basics and then they make a tour of France to
       | refine their skills. They are required to move at least every six
       | months.
       | 
       | I know a couple of them from my family and this looks impressive.
       | If this existed for software engineering, this would be the best
       | training.
        
       | ImageXav wrote:
       | The most interesting point in this article for me lies towards
       | the end: "the role of the Guild was not to form rules, mores,
       | regulations, and laws with respect to their crafts; their role
       | was to introduce a system of art or craft to a new individual, to
       | instill in them the idea of standards, quality, consistency, and
       | perfection".
       | 
       | A common complaint nowadays is that it is very difficult for
       | juniors with no experience to get hired, unless they have a
       | degree from a prestigious university, and even then that's not
       | often a guarantee. It seems that companies are more averse than
       | guilds to take the risk of training someone up to industry
       | standards.
       | 
       | I believe that it would be very beneficial to society to create
       | schemes that encourage learning with a similar system. Mentors
       | can sometimes accomplish this role, but that relation is far more
       | informal.
        
         | Wytwwww wrote:
         | > their role was to introduce a system of art or craft to a new
         | individual, to instill in them the idea of standards, quality,
         | consistency, and perfection".
         | 
         | I always thought that their goals was controlling the supply of
         | goods and services to maintain high prices and to prevent
         | competition from ruining profit margins (of course not
         | necessarily universally bad for consumers since guilds
         | generally still maintained some sort of minimum quality
         | standards).
         | 
         | > than guilds to take the risk of training someone up to
         | industry standards.
         | 
         | Because as an apprentice you were effectively bound to your
         | master and had to work him for a paltry wage for a number years
         | just to get a chance to advance your career. Since workers are
         | now free to leave whenever they want and have no obligations to
         | the company that spent money/resources to train them those
         | companies have few incentives to do that.
         | 
         | > I believe that it would be very beneficial to society to
         | create schemes that encourage learning with a similar system.
         | 
         | We might as well bring back indentured servitude while we're at
         | it? Otherwise who is going to pay for this?
        
           | ImageXav wrote:
           | I don't really see why a leap to indentured servitude is
           | necessary here. There are obviously many other ways of
           | implementing a training relationship - see the other comments
           | re. how it is done in Germany.
           | 
           | The point I'm making is that society as a whole is worse off
           | if companies are too risk averse to hire and train juniors up
           | to a certain level of quality. This results in too few people
           | capable of doing a specific, presumably valuable, job well.
           | The consequences of this are a society that underperforms
           | it's true potential in the long run. In monetary terms, as
           | you raise the question, that means that less taxable value is
           | generated. So society as a whole pays the consequence.
        
       | xkcd1963 wrote:
       | In many ways guilds were also difficult to deal with.
       | 
       | As example, in some towns peasants were not allowed to smith
       | their own tools and had to travel to the city and buy the
       | expensive tools from the guild.
        
       | penguin_booze wrote:
       | > The word Hansa is Low German for "convoy"
       | 
       | Ah, so Lufthansa (the German flag carrier) means Air Convoy.
        
       | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
       | >> Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master
       | 
       | Those are now more properly referred to as Apprentice,
       | Journeyperson and _Main_.
        
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