[HN Gopher] The medieval 'New England' on the north-eastern Blac...
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       The medieval 'New England' on the north-eastern Black Sea coast
       (2015)
        
       Author : Thevet
       Score  : 107 points
       Date   : 2024-07-31 16:14 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.caitlingreen.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.caitlingreen.org)
        
       | achierius wrote:
       | The Skaldic Bard has a (non- historical, but openly so -- his
       | shtick is composing songs in various dead languages) cool song
       | themed on this fun fragment of history.
       | https://youtu.be/1TKbQRwcLm0
        
       | usrnm wrote:
       | I wonder why there is no archeological evidence found. At least,
       | there is none in the article
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | may be it is mixed-in :
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Goths
         | 
         | "In the report made by Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq in 1595 on the
         | Crimean Goths, he claims to not be able to determine whether
         | the Germanic peoples of Crimea were Goths or Saxons;"
         | 
         | and that - 10th century Vikings - all the way to the Black Sea:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_expansion#/media/File:V...
         | 
         | So discerning the specific, even that large, Saxons or Vikings
         | arrival and settlement from all the others Saxon/Goth and
         | Viking presence there may be not much possible.
         | 
         | And politically today - on the orders of the Russian state the
         | Russian historic science these days futilely tries to find
         | evidence of pre-Viking statehood in the Rus as the real history
         | of Rus state being founded by Vikings doesn't work well for the
         | Russian nationalism, and having more Vikings (or Saxons) in the
         | picture doesn't help that official goal, especially on the
         | lands that Russian propaganda these days claims as
         | "historically Russian" and with that claim being used as the
         | pretext for the war that Russia is currently waging for those
         | lands.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | It was normal for the Vikings/Scandinavian population to come
           | to the Black Sea, it wasn't "al the way"/far, because in
           | terms of river transport that was one of the fastest ways to
           | travel over large continental distances. And thanks to the
           | Dnieper and the smaller rivers North of the Pripyat Marshes
           | that journey was nothing out of the ordinary for those
           | populations.
           | 
           | In the opposite direction (i.e. from South to North) there's
           | this famous travel of Ahmad ibn Fadlan who wrote about the
           | Vikings living on the Southern part of the Volga.
           | 
           | > His account is most notable for providing a detailed
           | description of the Volga Vikings, including eyewitness
           | accounts of life as part of a trade caravan and witnessing a
           | ship burial.
           | 
           | I've read the French translation of his work ( _Voyage chez
           | les Bulgares de la Volga_ [2]) and I have to say that it is
           | quite interesting.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan
           | 
           | [2] https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyage_chez_les_Bulgares_de
           | _la...
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | >it wasn't "al the way"/far, because in terms of river
             | transport that was one of the fastest ways to travel
             | 
             | the map i linked to isn't "travel", it is "settlements".
             | They settled as far as Black Sea and traveled even farther,
             | like the South Volga you mentioned and even raided Iran
             | shores of the Caspian Sea.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I sea now. I have very big doubts about the Vikings
               | settling for good and, what it is more important, in big
               | enough numbers as to "cause" the coloring of a big
               | portion of the map North of the Black Sea around the
               | 10th-11th century, for the simple reason that that was
               | Khazar and then Pecheneg and then Cuman territory, i.e.
               | mostly Turkic populations. As a matter of fact Azov
               | itself is a Turkic toponym, as is Bakhmut. There were
               | some Scandinavians there but in the middle of other, more
               | numerous , populations
        
               | sklargh wrote:
               | I sea what you did there.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | >I have very big doubts about the Vikings settling for
               | good and, what it is more important, in big enough
               | numbers as to "cause" the coloring of a big portion of
               | the map North of the Black Sea around the 10th-11th
               | century, for the simple reason that that was Khazar and
               | then Pecheneg and then Cuman territory, i.e. mostly
               | Turkic populations.
               | 
               | There were not much people to start with (and 500 ships
               | in a raid is a like 5000-10000+ warriors which is larger
               | then many cities at the time), and you're mixing 2 types
               | of populations - all those people were nomadic dry land
               | people while Vikings were settling along their trading
               | and raiding routes along rivers and sea shores. The Azov
               | Sea and the Don river were on their route into Caspian
               | Sea. Vikings even tried, yet failed, to settle further
               | into Caucasus :
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_expeditions_of_the_
               | Rus...
               | 
               | "The Rus' launched the first large-scale raid in 913. A
               | fleet of 500 ships reached the southern shores of the
               | Caspian Sea through the country of the Khazars. .... They
               | sailed down the Dnieper River into the Black Sea, then
               | into the Sea of Azov, then up the Don River past the
               | Khazar city of Sarkel, and then by a portage reached the
               | Volga, which led them into the Caspian Sea.[8]"
               | 
               | "During the 943 expedition, the Rus' rowed up the Kura
               | River, deep into the Caucasus, defeated the forces of
               | Marzuban bin Muhammad,[11] and captured Bardha'a, the
               | capital of Arran. The Rus' allowed the local people to
               | retain their religion in exchange for recognition of
               | their overlordship; it is possible that the Rus' intended
               | to settle permanently there.[12] According to ibn
               | Miskawaih, the local people broke the peace by stone-
               | throwing and other abuse directed against the Rus', who
               | then demanded that the inhabitants evacuate the city.
               | This ultimatum was rejected, and the Rus' began killing
               | people and holding many for ransom. The slaughter was
               | briefly interrupted for negotiations, which soon broke
               | down.[13] The Rus' stayed in Bardha'a for several
               | months,[14] using it as a base for plundering the
               | adjacent areas, and amassing substantial spoils.[15]"
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | I'm not sure how descending from Poles or Bulgarians is more
           | preferable for Russian nationalism than descending from
           | Vikings.
           | 
           | Funnily enough, even Poles don't like descending from
           | themselves and keep inventing Sarmathian lineage.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | >descending from Poles or Bulgarians
             | 
             | Russian nationalists would sooner commit suicide :) No,
             | they go for those mythical strong, smart, just and great in
             | all the other respects Eastern Slavs who lived in the
             | forests of Eastern Russia, Belarus and Central Ukraine
             | before coming of Vikings. A nationalistic history is always
             | a mythology mixed with ideology and has nothing to do with
             | historical science - and in this case all those supposedly
             | great Slavs were in reality just a bunch of forest tribes
             | who were brought by the Vikings into the light of
             | civilization. That of course doesn't sit well with Russian
             | nationalists rejection of the West and declaration of
             | themselves a master [at least over Slavs and other nearby
             | people] race.
        
         | nl wrote:
         | There are maps (mentioned in the article), and accounts of the
         | "Saxi" (which might have meant "the Saxons").
         | 
         | What other evidence would you expect to show what language the
         | inhabitants spoke? Religious text (ie, almost all writing)
         | would have been in Latin or Greek. Coins were shared across
         | regions.
        
           | usrnm wrote:
           | Are saying that archeology is a pseudoscience?
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | This was a super interesting read. Serendipitously, I'm reading
       | the book _Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World_ which
       | mentions that when Austrians captured a scouting Mongolian party
       | outside Vienna during the largest extension of Mongolian invasion
       | into Europe, one of them turned out to be an Englishman! There's
       | even a book about him: https://www.amazon.com/dp/184212210X. See
       | this SE History question and answers to Lear more:
       | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/43967/who-was-th...
        
       | sklargh wrote:
       | So glad to see Dr. Green here. A very high quality blog that I've
       | learned quite a bit from. Rigorous but accessible for non
       | academics (Lincolnshire themed Roman, Early Medieval Britain
       | ACOUP?).
       | 
       | If HN is looking for a nice, non-technical, read this is a
       | rewarding place to do it.
       | 
       | edit - her book is very readable, recommend
        
         | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=caitlingreen.org
         | 
         | Dr Green has been doing ok on HN for several years.
        
       | wuzkangz wrote:
       | We were Kings and fecal matter
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | This region of Crimea was also home to the last remaining Gothic
       | (extinct East Germanic branch) speakers, who may have continued
       | to speak their language until the 16th, 17th century. A Flemish
       | diplomat wrote down some of their speech in 1562 (may have been
       | 2nd hand info) and much of what he wrote seems to either have
       | West Germanic influence (Dutch, German, English) or was coloured
       | by his Flemish biases.
       | 
       | But you wonder if there might have been interaction between the
       | local Goths and the incoming Anglo-Saxon speakers, who surely
       | would have recognized each other as distant linguistic
       | relatives...
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | The region in question is where the eastern Goths lived:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Goths and they kept
       | speaking Gothic until at least the 1700s in pockets.
       | 
       | Old English was probably still close enough to Gothic at that
       | time as to be somewhat mutually intelligible - at most a gap
       | similar to Dutch and German today. They may have integrated into
       | local society more easily than it seems they would at first
       | glance.
       | 
       | (This is speculative. There's nothing particular to support this
       | other than coincidence in timing and geography.)
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | in the period of Viking migration which is essentially
         | contemporaneous, there would have been a fresh infusion of
         | "Danes" in the Black Sea area
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_expansion
         | 
         | and in terms of communication, there is that Danish linguist
         | who has a pretty good argument in favor of middle and modern
         | English being more heavily influenced by Danish grammar than
         | Anglo Saxon. Although these were Anglo Saxons, the
         | influence/familiarity with Danish might have been well
         | established
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZV1BOcGiV0
         | 
         | (audio) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBio7c95QQE
         | 
         | https://partner.sciencenorway.no/forskningno-history-languag...
        
       | ChipperShredder wrote:
       | They had even more recent colonies there as well. In some real,
       | legal senses, Britain and British nobility have better, and
       | legally enforceable claims on that region than the Ukrainians
       | living there now, many of whom are merely transports shuffled
       | into the area by the USSR.
        
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       (page generated 2024-08-03 23:01 UTC)