[HN Gopher] What happens in a mind that can't 'see' mental images
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What happens in a mind that can't 'see' mental images
        
       Author : VHRanger
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2024-08-02 12:35 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | bondarchuk wrote:
       | No article on this topic is complete without mentioning Galton,
       | who described the phenomenon in 1880:
       | https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Galton/imagery.htm
       | 
       | (By the way there appears to be a similar continuum in how people
       | experience their thoughts (or "internal monologue"), ranging from
       | almust fully auditory complete with specific voice
       | characteristics, through linguistic-but-not-auditory, to fully
       | abstract)
        
       | kolinko wrote:
       | As someone with recently diagnosed aphantasia - it's surreal that
       | 99% population sees things that aren't there / literally
       | halucinates, and that it's considered normal!
        
         | b800h wrote:
         | So you can't picture your mother's face in your mind's eye
         | (which may or may not be there?)
         | 
         | It's not the same as hallucination.
        
           | FumblingBear wrote:
           | Can only answer for myself, but yes--I am completely unable
           | to picture my parents.
        
           | SuperNinKenDo wrote:
           | I'm not completely aphantasic, but the way you phrase the
           | rhetorical contains exactly the massive divide that exists in
           | experience. You believe that such an act is obviously easy,
           | whereas for myself, it is difficult and less an image than a
           | fleeting impression that is more conceptual than it is
           | visual.
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | Yeah, it's quite peculiar how inaccurate the classic discourse
         | around "seeing things" and "hearing voices" turned out to be.
         | Rather than seeing/hearing vs. not seeing/hearing things the
         | dichotomy should probably be something like "having the sense
         | that what you're seeing/hearing is part of your own thoughts
         | vs. externally imposed".
        
         | notRobot wrote:
         | Questions, out of curiosity:
         | 
         | What is your experience of dreaming like?
         | 
         | What is your experience of recalling memories like?
         | 
         | What is your experience of recalling media you've watched like?
         | 
         | What is your experience of imagining like?
         | 
         | What is your experience of reading like?
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | I also have it.
           | 
           | Dreaming: Normal, and I see stuff. This is apparently normal,
           | but also why I thought I don't have aphantasia. I even have
           | lucid dreams.
           | 
           | Recalling: Similar to imagining things, I usually describe it
           | as a not seeing something, but having the memory of having
           | seen something.
           | 
           | Recalling media: Same as other recall. I might be able to
           | still describe parts of it, but I see nothing.
           | 
           | Imagining: A memory of those things, very, very rough. More
           | like recalling a dream that is already fading. If I try to
           | imagine a landscape, it would be like a memory of having seen
           | a child's water painting: 2 mountains, blue water, round sun,
           | roughly.
           | 
           | Reading: I love reading, very avid reader. I could never get
           | into Lord of the Rings, and this is apparently somewhat
           | common for people with aphantasia. All those detailed
           | descriptions? They are just that for me, descriptions. I
           | can't _see_ any of it. Now descriptions of things happening,
           | I can totally get into that. But I don't see anything.
           | 
           | For most of my life I thought people were being metaphorical
           | when they said "imagine X in your mind". I didn't realize
           | anyone would actually see something.
           | 
           | There is also a fantasy writer, Mark Lawrence, who has
           | aphantasia and wrote about it:
           | http://www.marklawrence.buzz/story/aphantasia/
        
             | SuperNinKenDo wrote:
             | For the record, I love Lord of the Rings. But yes, there is
             | something about detailed description of objects in books
             | that rarely lands for me. The words have to in and of
             | themselves convey a kind of conceptual beauty, or call upon
             | a great metaphor or the like, otherwise they will bore me
             | since I see very little and will mostly just get annoyed
             | trying to keep all the details in my head.
        
           | SuperNinKenDo wrote:
           | Not the person you're replying to, but I would call myself
           | "near aphantasic" and the answer to all these is that they
           | are almost entirely conceptual rather than visual. What
           | little visual impression I can form is extremely fleeting,
           | incomplete, low fidelity, and in short nothing like actually
           | seeing something. At some level I can tell my visual system
           | gets activated, but it's completely different from truly
           | seeing something.
        
           | firewizard wrote:
           | Not the OP but..
           | 
           | Recalling memories for me has the detail of a short journal
           | entry. It's not first person, I don't relive the emotions I
           | felt at the time, and compared to my others the detail isn't
           | there.
           | 
           | For example, when discussing my graduation with my father, I
           | could recall the building, the general layout of the room,
           | and parts of the ceremony's sequence. However, I can't recall
           | walking across the stage, even though I know it happened. In
           | contrast, my father could describe where he was seated and
           | even what people in front of him were wearing.
           | 
           | Media I remember the concepts of what was covered and images
           | or videos are familiar when I see them again, but I can't
           | rewatch a moment in my mind.
           | 
           | Likewise for reading, I remember as a child not understanding
           | what people meant when they said Daniel Radcliffe didn't
           | match up to the Harry Potter they imagined.
           | 
           | Imagining is all about the idea, best explainer would be:
           | https://aphantasia.com/wp-content/uploads/Imagine-a-
           | horse.pn...
        
           | joelfried wrote:
           | I haven't been formally diagnosed but I'm definitely on the
           | very low end of visualization. But I'll answer for myself:
           | 
           | While I'm dreaming and unaware that I'm dreaming, it's like
           | I'm in real life. As soon as I start to wake up at all,
           | everything fades to black almost instantly. I recall the
           | experience as if I lived it though dreams are strange so it's
           | far less consistent than a normal narrative.
           | 
           | What kind of memories? I often completely fail to encode and
           | remember highly visual details - like what color hair someone
           | has, what shirt they were wearing, and so on. But I could
           | recall the name of the building in which my college showed
           | the Matrix in the fall of 1999 because I could remember which
           | way I walked there.
           | 
           | I recall audio strongly and can hear the voices of various
           | characters in my head. I can do passable impressions of quite
           | a few characters. I can tell you the story in detail, but if
           | something hinges on a visual cue I will completely fail
           | there.
           | 
           | I mostly talk to myself in my head. It's a running narrative.
           | If you'd like a specific example, give me something more
           | meaningful than "imagining".
           | 
           | If I want to read something and retain it well, I will hear
           | it in my head in my internal voice as I'm reading.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | > What is your experience of reading like?
           | 
           | This is want I'm most curious about. I have to imagine
           | reading must be very boring for people with aphantasia.
           | 
           | The whole reason I like to read is I automatically visualize
           | everything in the book as though it's like a TV show, I never
           | thought it could be any different for other people.
           | 
           | I wonder how this effects studying and preferred method to
           | learn for people.
           | 
           | I always "see" the slides/textbook page I'm thinking of in my
           | minds eye when trying to recall the information (such as
           | during a test). I wonder if people who are able to remember
           | via other means are more effective.
           | 
           | I also don't like dealing with infrastructure and systems I
           | can't "visualize" in my head, same with navigating physical
           | locations.
           | 
           | I assumed all of this was pretty standard, then again I was
           | surprised to learn some people don't have an inner voice
           | either. Ironically, I just can't imagine that at all.
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | I'm a prolific consumer of fiction. For me reading isn't
             | about the scenery so much as the ideas and messages within
             | a work. I can appreciate character growth without the
             | visual imagery involved. I hate fluffy details added to
             | books. I don't need an item by item run down of their
             | entire wardrobe or the place settings on the table. That's
             | mostly just noise to me and books that feature those
             | details prominently are a slog.
             | 
             | "He was all jowls and scowls"
             | 
             | Is infinitely better for me than writing out a list of
             | visual characteristics that so many authors seem to lean
             | on.
        
               | brotchie wrote:
               | It's always stuck with me reading reviews of Greg Egan's
               | novels.
               | 
               | In many of his novels characters are either non-human,
               | post-humans, or AIs.
               | 
               | Many folks criticize the character development, etc. My
               | only assumption that that Greg's writing style strips out
               | all the cruft that I find a slog.
               | 
               | Because it doesn't have the cruft and focuses on ideas
               | and messages, I love it.
        
             | abathur wrote:
             | Not op, but I wouldn't call it boring.
             | 
             | It's a lot like thinking, I guess. (Much of my thinking is
             | already roughly abstract-lingual, so reading feels of-a-
             | piece. I would characterize myself as having a running
             | interior narrative, but this isn't a voice I "hear" as I
             | gather it is for some.)
             | 
             | I generally prefer reading to listening since it's easier
             | to back up and re-read if my attention has wandered.
             | 
             | I can have trouble staying ~oriented when there are lots of
             | characters because I have no strong sense of what they look
             | or sound like. (TBH I think this is an asset when it comes
             | to adaptations. I may notice plot divergences, but I'm
             | rarely bothered by the specifics of a place or character.)
             | 
             | A fair fraction of the enjoyment I get out of reading is
             | about wordplay and language aesthetics, and much of the
             | rest is about ~ideas and personalities.
             | 
             | Reading tends to drive a lot of synthesis/connection
             | between divergent concepts for me. Some of my most
             | intellectually-fertile (generative) time centers around
             | reading.
             | 
             | I generally can't count on any kind of eidetic memory
             | (unlike those I know who can, say, picture a page or replay
             | a conversation to extract information from it). Instead, I
             | generally lean more on deep conceptual synthesis. I am much
             | more likely to retain some picky detail when it's
             | integrated into my broader understanding than if it's
             | effectively an arbitrary fact. I am the person who would
             | rather take an essay exam centered on understanding than a
             | picky multiple choice that hinges on arbitrary details like
             | dates.
             | 
             | Likewise, I don't really vibe with arch/infra/service maps
             | as much as narrative documentation. (This is not to say
             | that they aren't sometimes helpful for understanding, but I
             | do find them hard to ~grasp in isolation and not the first
             | resource I reach for.)
        
             | brotchie wrote:
             | I read a lot and have aphantasia.
             | 
             | Books that are rich with visual descriptions do zero for me
             | (e.g. American Psycho, which has a lot of prose dedicated
             | to describing what people are wearing). I often even
             | visually skip over section of text that express visual
             | descriptions.
             | 
             | All I can say is that when I'm reading it's the equivalent
             | of me thinking about something.
             | 
             | Let's say I think of a space station, it comes to me as
             | some entity "space station" next to some other entity
             | "planet". These are just abstract tags in my mind, without
             | any associated form.
             | 
             | If I send my attention to the space station entity, I can
             | think of it as "ISS", "2001 Space Odyssey", "Dyson Sphere",
             | "Halo Ring" and it gets richer with concepts. But it's more
             | the feeling in my mind of what each of those space stations
             | would look like geometrically (expressed as relations
             | between shapes, angles, etc).
             | 
             | If I send my attention to the planet entity. I can
             | attribute the tag blue, then I can think more and attribute
             | the tags "clouds."
             | 
             | Rather than me explicitly directing my attention to things
             | in my mind, when I read the text in a book the author is
             | directing my attention in this manner.
             | 
             | There's just no rich visual experience.
        
           | jdbernard wrote:
           | I'll add another data point as I believe I'm on the extreme
           | end of complete aphantasia:
           | 
           | Dreaming: Hard to describe without using words that imply too
           | much here. It's the same as my imagination when reading.
           | Meaning, I am aware of the plot, I can "feel" the place
           | setting, recognize the actors involved, and sometimes even
           | feel/understand the internal motivations of other actors in
           | my dreams. It's hard to describe what I mean by "feeling,"
           | but maybe it is similar to how you "feel" your emotions. None
           | of this is visual, even in my dreams. I rarely remember my
           | dreams.
           | 
           | Recalling memories: As the article mentions, I have very weak
           | autobiographical and episodic memories, to the point where my
           | wife and friends are often surprised at how much more clearly
           | they remember the events of my own life. I really do not
           | recall, with any clarity, any events more than 10 years old.
           | At the same time, my memory of "causal facts" is very strong.
           | Meaning I have the ability to remember why things happened
           | basically forever. For example, when taking calculus, I had a
           | very hard time memorizing trigonometric identities, but if I
           | was taught the origin, the "why" I would remember how
           | recreate the identity on the fly for test. Plotlines are
           | similar. I remember the motivation of the characters, the
           | motivating details of the plotline itself, and then
           | subsequent detail is attached to those logical threads of
           | memory. Recall seems very tied to useful purpose. Meaning, I
           | can't just remember something in detail at request. But if I
           | take 15-30 minutes to start working on something, I am
           | flooded with memories regarding that subject. And of course,
           | none of these memories have a visual component. It's all more
           | of an abstract collection of "stuff" that has a real mental
           | substance and mass, for lack of better words, but not
           | imagery.
           | 
           | Recalling visual media: Similar to above. The media is
           | decomposed into chains of cause/effect. Again, hard to
           | describe. I cannot "replay" a movie in any meaningful sense,
           | but if we sit down to watch a movie I've already seen, I will
           | immediately remember basically the entire plotline within a
           | few minutes. I don't really enjoy rewatching movies, or even
           | replaying video games unless there is something novel
           | (watching with someone new/extra content). Reading books is
           | different. I regularly reread books I enjoyed, maybe because
           | there is a much higher amount of content from a logical
           | plotline/story point of view.
           | 
           | Imagination: I "feel" things? Again, mostly centered around
           | arranging lines of causal detail. When I was younger I used
           | to put myself to sleep by making up stories in my head. This
           | is very easy for me, but it's like an audio book (without
           | visualization). This happens, then this happens. Alice says
           | this, and that made Bob believe that, implying feelings.
           | Miscommunication! Etc. Outside of imaginary storytelling I
           | spent most of my time as a kid imagining what I could
           | do/build, and this is the main activity of my adult
           | imagination: imagining things I could make, things I could do
           | with my family, etc.
           | 
           | Maybe another example, I'm not face-blind. I recognize faces,
           | even in my imagination, but I don't "see" them in any literal
           | fashion. For example I can imagine, now, what Viggo M. cast
           | as Aragorn looks like, through the different emotional
           | exclusions of the character, but I "feel" it. I don't see his
           | face visually. I've had the experience of reading a book,
           | watching a movie adaptation, and disliking the casting choice
           | because it didn't match the "picture" in my head. Only there
           | is no literal picture. The actors face "feels" wrong for the
           | character. After seeing the actor I could tell you why their
           | face was wrong for the role, but I could not tell you ahead-
           | of-time what the character "looks like" in my imagination. I
           | tend not to remember details of an author's physical
           | description of their characters. I can't tell you, even now,
           | if Aragorn has blue or brown eyes in the books. I think Viggo
           | M. haa blue eyes, but that's a fact I'm remembering, not a
           | mental image I'm consulting.
           | 
           | Reading: not much to add I haven't touched on already.
        
         | canes123456 wrote:
         | It is very much a spectrum. People that literally halucinates
         | things are just as rare. I am much closer to the aphatasia side
         | of things. I can picture things in my mind but is extremely
         | different from "seeing" things. It more like remembering how
         | something looks. Also, all the stats on this are kind of
         | bullshit because of how hard it is to describe. People just map
         | on "picturing" to whatever they do.
        
         | tbrake wrote:
         | "Seeing" something in your imagination isn't a literal
         | hallucination. It's an altogether separate form of
         | visualization that doesn't interfere optically.
        
         | theogravity wrote:
         | How do you get diagnosed?
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | Anecdotally (can't remember the old book references), this had
       | been observed in "new age" and "spiritual" groups in the 1960s,
       | with the conclusion that people could be trained out of it.
        
         | aphantastic wrote:
         | I'd be careful about trusting spiritual/Word Of Faith groups
         | too much, especially when the condition can't actually be
         | tested for. An individual in the movement can easily say they
         | were "healed" to bolster group confidence, and a third party
         | individual might say they've been "healed" after being
         | requested to stand around in a circle of prayer for five
         | minutes as an easy out from the situation. I've certainly been
         | in the latter case, and the former is fairly well documented.
        
           | b800h wrote:
           | It wasn't a matter of healing in this case; I trust the
           | accounts.
        
       | drooby wrote:
       | I almost certainly have aphantasia, though I wasn't aware it's
       | estimated to be 1-4% of the population.
       | 
       | I'd love to see more research on this. Because it seems like this
       | is something that can be modified. And it really feels like I'm
       | missing out on something special about the human experience -
       | which makes me kind of sad.
       | 
       | When I smoke weed, or take shrooms, my minds eye becomes way more
       | vivid. ONLY then, can I close my eyes and actually SEE an apple
       | or a rotating cube, or whatever I want to imagine. Reading
       | fiction books actually becomes captivating.
       | 
       | It would be SO cool if there was a drug that gave me this ability
       | but didn't make me "high" or confused in the way weed or shrooms
       | do.
        
         | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
         | Corroborating this anecdata.
         | 
         | There is some research into visuals that seems elucidating.[0]
         | 
         | [0] https://zugzology.com/blogs/myceliums-gambit/exploring-
         | psych...
        
         | xkcd-sucks wrote:
         | TL;DR This is what you're looking for https://firekasina.org/
         | 
         | > It would be SO cool if there was a drug that gave me this
         | ability but didn't make me "high" or confused in the way weed
         | or shrooms do.
         | 
         | On one hand, with enough practice and skill in _doing drugs_
         | the  "confusion" and maybe even "high" will go away, and become
         | just more ordinary sensations
         | 
         | On the other hand, the drugs are certainly helpful for
         | developing _faith_ that it is possible to  "get there", but
         | they're not so great at "how to get there from here" (unless
         | you're already well practiced at looking). Kind of like
         | sleeping in the taxi to the top of a mountain versus walking up
         | it.
         | 
         | Under the "travel" metaphor, I guess training in doing drugs
         | would be training "how to get back here from there", while
         | training Concentration alone would be training "how to get
         | there from here". The latter is certainly more effort up front.
         | Some people find the former to be more effort later on,
         | unfortunately. The latter is also attractive for other reasons
         | which should be obvious (it's free)
        
           | catskul2 wrote:
           | Jinx.
        
           | drooby wrote:
           | Very interesting. Thank you. I might try this.
        
         | catskul2 wrote:
         | Have you considered explicitly using weed or shrooms as an on-
         | ramp to exercising this ability? You could devote some time and
         | slowly build up your ability.
         | 
         | Just as you can learn to wiggle your toes independently, or
         | play the piano, or learn a new language, which require wiring
         | new pathways, it's possible to learn to wire new pathways to
         | non-motor areas of your brain. But it likely requires the same
         | amount of effort.
         | 
         | I believe that developing the ability to mentally visualize
         | more vividly is the explicit goal of some certain kinds of
         | meditation. If you're interested you might look into "fire
         | kasina".
        
         | AQuantized wrote:
         | I wonder if meditation could give you this ability? After
         | having an intense 'breakthrough' during meditation I had an
         | enhanced ability to imagine things, especially visually, for ~1
         | week. I stopped meditating for a while because it was too
         | intense and immersive.
         | 
         | It felt like I 'let go' of some subtle assumptions around how I
         | would visualize things normally and had an expanded ability,
         | but it also seemed more intrusive and without the same
         | 'distance' between 'me' and the imagining.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | I have definitely gotten it back from intense meditation. I
         | went to an intense meditation retreat which had us meditating
         | all day (a vipassana 10 day course). For unrelated reasons I
         | left after a few days, but my aphantasia was replaced with
         | something very different after like a day and a half and I
         | couldn't stop seeing things everywhere
         | 
         | Still a bit weird, health-wise, but a lot more in your control
         | than drugs.
        
         | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
         | I remain fairly convinced that the ability to visualise things
         | in your imagination is a skill like any other and people don't
         | so much have aphantasia as an inherent condition that they
         | probably started with little innate capacity and lost most of
         | it through disuse.
         | 
         | If that's the case, you can probably improve it simply by
         | repeatedly using what you have. I say that because my ability
         | to think visually improved greatly when I started drawing. Also
         | I'm still not very good at conjuring well proportioned and
         | shaded objects from nothing but I can pull them out of my
         | memories.
        
           | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
           | I think most people literally can't imagine the range of
           | difference here. As far as I can tell, "what I have" is zero
           | for visual imagination, and I have no recollection of that
           | ever being different. You might as well be telling me that I
           | need to lift weights with my third arm.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | They imagine a simulation of themselves, but this simulation
           | isn't necessarily realistic. They run the simulation, and the
           | words the simulation uses to describe itself "visualzing"
           | they just repeat verbatim. Human consciousness and self-
           | awareness are so dim that they mistake this for themselves
           | being able to do the same.
           | 
           | If someone didn't have this "skill", they could prompt an LLM
           | to "visualize", then repeat the words off the screen, and but
           | for the clues that they're cheating bystanders wouldn't be
           | able to tell much difference. I assert that there is no
           | additional insight gained by the "visualization" that isn't
           | available from the verbalization because these are, in fact,
           | essentially the same thing.
        
         | notamy wrote:
         | > When I smoke weed, or take shrooms, my minds eye becomes way
         | more vivid. ONLY then, can I close my eyes and actually SEE an
         | apple or a rotating cube, or whatever I want to imagine.
         | Reading fiction books actually becomes captivating.
         | 
         | > It would be SO cool if there was a drug that gave me this
         | ability but didn't make me "high" or confused in the way weed
         | or shrooms do.
         | 
         | I experienced exactly this! It turned out that, for me, the
         | root cause was multiple B vitamin deficiencies; correcting them
         | caused my internal vision to become INCREDIBLY vivid. B
         | vitamins are involved in neurotransmitter production (ex. [0])
         | -- particularly serotonin, which is known to interact with
         | vision[1] -- and it's been amazing realising what I've been
         | missing out on. Psychedelics[2] and cannabis[3] "improving" the
         | condition makes sense since both have serotonergic activity
         | (5HT2A specifically).
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folate#Neurological_disorders
         | "[...] the bioactive folate, methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a
         | direct target of methyl donors such as S-adenosyl methionine
         | (SAMe), recycles the inactive dihydrobiopterin (BH2) into
         | tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the necessary cofactor in various
         | steps of monoamine synthesis, including that of dopamine and
         | serotonin."
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor#Effects
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor#Ligands
         | 
         | [3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552103/
        
           | drooby wrote:
           | hmm.. interesting.
           | 
           | I take a Vitamin B Complex every day from Nootropics Depot
        
         | comprev wrote:
         | I've experienced this too (only twice!) with strong weed
         | (sativa) and it really took me by surprise. It was nothing like
         | hallucinating - seeing objects in front of me morph / appear -
         | but rather when I closed my eyes I could _imagine_ things.
         | 
         | I could picture myself on a beach or walking through a forest,
         | something I've always felt frustrated I could never create in
         | my mind. I'll admit it was a slightly scary experience...
         | 
         | By contrast I have a friend with a wonderfully vivid
         | imagination. He's a photographer by trade and spontaneously
         | captures moments / scenes on his phone while we're walking
         | along. We're always asking questions about the other's brain :)
        
         | brotchie wrote:
         | +1, shrooms doesn't do it for me, but if I do a high dose of
         | THC (20-30mg) and then listen to music, I can close my eyes and
         | get some kind of visualization. It's still fleeting, but I can
         | feel my mind react to it as super novel stimulus (otherwise
         | 100% visual aphant).
         | 
         | I did get pretty strong visual experiences from Ketamine
         | therapy, but it's completely different from mental images. I
         | felt transported to a different "head space" where there was
         | abstract visual imagery that felt "real" but completely
         | disembodied and not related to day-to-day experience.
         | 
         | I really can't comprehend what it's like to have normal visual
         | imagery or be a hyper-visualizer.
        
       | smokel wrote:
       | It may be worth investigating aphantasia from the perspective
       | that space is a latent sequence [1].
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41132023
        
       | djeastm wrote:
       | >Saw the apple? Shomstein was confused. She didn't actually see
       | an apple. She could think about an apple: its taste, its shape,
       | its color, the way light might hit it. But she didn't see it.
       | Behind her eyes, "it was completely black," Shomstein recalled.
       | And yet, "I imagined an apple." Most of her colleagues reacted
       | differently. They reported actually seeing an apple, some vividly
       | and some faintly, floating like a hologram in front of them.
       | 
       | I suppose I have limited mental imagery because when people say
       | they "see" things, I want to say "with what?"
       | 
       | To me, "seeing" has to involve an operation of the eyes, but if
       | your eyes aren't taking in any light, what are you seeing?
       | 
       | I can _imagine_ things and have vague visual imagery appear in my
       | head, but I can 't see them as "floating like holograms".
       | 
       | I wish I could borrow someone's mind for a minute and understand
       | more.
        
         | sctb wrote:
         | > I wish I could borrow someone's mind for a minute and
         | understand more.
         | 
         | When you say "understand", I want to say "with what?" The mind
         | you're borrowing?
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | It makes me wonder how much of this is pseudoscience,
         | especially internet discourse around it.
         | 
         | How do we know that we don't have the same experience vs we
         | just describe our experience differently?
         | 
         | How much of this is just people having a normal human
         | experience of not seeing literal visuals getting confused by
         | people who are a much more figurative in the description of
         | their own experience?
         | 
         | Kinda reminds me of smoking weed in high school and there was
         | always the kid who roleplayed that he was seeing a bunch of
         | green men in the room.
        
           | thornewolf wrote:
           | I address the "maybe we describe our experience differently"
           | in my comment here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41139321
        
           | yodon wrote:
           | >How do we know that we don't have the same experience vs we
           | just describe our experience differently?
           | 
           | The article makes clear there are significant differences in
           | how multiple areas of the brain are activated in people at
           | different ends of the "has aphantasia"/"doesn't have
           | aphantasia" spectrum.
        
           | smokel wrote:
           | There is obviously a spectrum at work, as some people seem to
           | be better at visualizing things in their mind than others.
           | This does not surprise me at all.
           | 
           | What does surprise me is that most discussions on aphantasia
           | are very similar to those on religious experiences. Some of
           | us can talk to God, while others are pretty sure He does not
           | exist, because they never get an answer.
           | 
           | Most scientists have given up on trying to prove that God
           | does or does not exist. But quite a lot of ink had been
           | spilled to get to that point. And it seems we still have some
           | bytes to go in the phantasia discussion.
        
           | warp wrote:
           | There are now three distinct methods to measure visual
           | imagery objectively, without relying on someone's description
           | of the vividness.
           | 
           | Here is a video in which prof Joel Pearson describes them:
           | https://youtu.be/tA_4HNaKsS0 , IIRC Joel Pearson was involved
           | in developing each of the methods, so I'm sure you can find
           | his publications on the subject as well.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | Aphantasia is one end of a spectrum, Hyperphantasia [0] is on
         | the other end. You might simply have a more normal mind that
         | can imagine things, but not have something akin to a
         | manipulable hologram. As I have aphantasia, though, I can't for
         | sure say if that's really on that end of it ;)
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperphantasia
        
         | davejohnclark wrote:
         | You've articulated how I'd describe my experience as well. I'd
         | not ever describe something in my mind's eye as 'floating like
         | holograms'.
         | 
         | "Vague visual imagery appear in my head" resonates with me.
         | 
         | Edit: typo
        
         | smokel wrote:
         | Seeing most likely takes place deeper in the brain, not in the
         | eyes.
         | 
         | One hint for this is that we see the world upside-down by
         | default. Another is the evidence that visual evidence cannot be
         | trusted in a court case.
         | 
         | It then seems likely that the responsible brain areas can be
         | activated by memory, as well as by the eye sensors.
         | 
         | The level of reality at which all this is possible in different
         | individuals is obviously an open question. Whether one can
         | train this is also not entirely clear to most.
        
         | Brian_K_White wrote:
         | No one has ever seen anything with anything but their brain. It
         | hardly makes much difference how some info got to the part of
         | the brain that creates what we call an image, delivered direct
         | from a retina or fabricated from memory.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | When I "see" an object what I'm doing is imagining a picture
         | (or movie) of the object. That image that I imagine is remotely
         | in my actual eyesight -- there's no object floating in front of
         | me. But I do imagine it as if it was in front of me, "floating
         | like a hologram" in a way. It's like recalling a memory of a
         | photograph.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | I truly believe some of this is just a misunderstanding, yes I
       | can see the apple in my minds eye in all of its glory and color,
       | but yes it's still black "behind my eyes", it all depends on
       | where I am focusing, on my eyes or on the apple.
       | 
       | Some percentage of this has to be people simply not agreeing on
       | the way to describe what they are experiencing even if they are
       | experiencing the same thing.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | I can't. There is no apple. I remember how apples look from
         | seeing them before. But I can't see it. I can't turn it, it's a
         | completely abstract thing in my mind.
        
           | b800h wrote:
           | Can you describe a blemish on an apple to me?
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | Yes, there's a spot on an apple. Probably brown. I remember
             | that.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | I don't think it's agreeing. I can't "see" anything my any
         | means just from thoughts. Either I see or I don't. There is no
         | visual part I'm remembering stuff. Not that I can really
         | describe how I memorize things ... but from all I read about
         | there is a big difference between people. Not just
         | disagreement.
        
         | thornewolf wrote:
         | I address the "maybe we describe our experience differently" in
         | my comment here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41139321
         | 
         | I believe that there is something past just a disagreement on
         | definitions.
        
         | drooby wrote:
         | I would absolutely never write what you wrote though..
         | 
         | What "glory" do you speak of? For me, the apple is more of an
         | idea and I can VERY faintly "see" fuzzy attributes about its
         | geometry. And there is no color.
        
         | yodon wrote:
         | >I truly believe some of this is just a misunderstanding...this
         | has to be people simply not agreeing on the way to describe
         | what they are experiencing
         | 
         | The article makes clear there are significant differences in
         | how multiple areas of the brain are activated in people at
         | different ends of the "has aphantasia"/"doesn't have
         | aphantasia" spectrum.
        
         | redhed wrote:
         | I agree, not saying aphantasia isn't real but I think a lot of
         | it is misunderstanding of those who think phanatasia is closing
         | your eyes and "seeing" things. In an engineering class where I
         | had to make drawings from multiple angles I would rotate it in
         | my mind and draw it, I can can close my eyes and visualize
         | walking around my childhood home, and I can visualize snap
         | shots of important memories of my life. However, I don't "see"
         | it in any sense of what it is like when my eyes are open, not
         | even close really.
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | I think I'm pretty far out on the aphantasia spectrum. Mostly
         | the spatial and abstract qualia of a scene, not like seeing.
         | Even an afterimage of a strobe is more visual than my
         | imagination. I can't really picture faces of loved ones, though
         | I can sense strong recognition and/or anticipation of features
         | or mannerisms when seeing an actual person.
         | 
         | But I have a variable audio and proprioceptive imagination that
         | is something in between, like many people have described above
         | for visuals. Not like a hallucination or waking dream with
         | perceptions equivalent to real senses, but with way more qualia
         | than just an abstract idea. A distinct category of simulation
         | that lies somewhere in between.
         | 
         | So, I can believe that others have things more like this, but
         | visually. And I have observed mentally ill people with full on
         | hallucinations and delusions, and can also believe that there
         | are other stages along this spectrum, more vivid but still
         | distinguishing self-generated from sensory-generated
         | perceptions.
         | 
         | For imagery, I have the most tenuous topological or spatial
         | perceptions that, if anything, connect more to my
         | proprioceptive sense. Like as if I could imagine myself being
         | some sort of tentacled animal and reaching all over to feel a
         | complex structure in an instant. Or at times of extreme focus,
         | I can almost feel myself as an amorphous charge spreading out
         | (breadth-first) through a complex graph or maze.
        
       | jraph wrote:
       | I'm not sure I picture an apple if someone asks me to imagine
       | one. I'm not sure it has a particular color neither.
       | 
       | If someone asks me to imagine a color for the apple, or to focus
       | on the color, then yes, I will picture a color. This will be a
       | conscious process.
       | 
       | So, I can picture colored stuff, but I apparently don't by
       | default.
       | 
       | I'm not even sure there are colors in my dreams unless they
       | happen to play an important role, it's like I dream directly in
       | the abstraction of what I see, I don't even notice almost by
       | definition.
       | 
       | I don't know what to make of this. Trying to picture stuff in my
       | mind works, so it's there, but it will be minimal if it's not
       | conscious. I guess I'm lazy xD. It is hard to picture something
       | detailed, maybe it would come with training.
       | 
       | Maybe I should start asking myself what is the colors of things
       | to try guessing I'm dreaming xD
        
       | thornewolf wrote:
       | I have ~no inner imagery. I have no inner voice.
       | 
       | First hearing of aphantasia, I believed it was a
       | miscommunication. Surely everyone has about the same experience
       | but just describes it differently? Through focused thought over
       | the past few years, I have some greater ability to visualize than
       | I did before. With this evidence, I no longer believe it is a
       | difference in communication, but truly a difference in
       | experience.
       | 
       | With my current visualization/memory abilities I still can do
       | many typical things you might imagine "require" visualization. I
       | struggle with many other things too.
       | 
       | - I can close my eyes and walk (reasonably well) around my house.
       | 
       | - I can look at a photo of a 3d object and select a rotated
       | variant from a list of options (common in internet iq tests)
       | 
       | - I can imagine a rubik's cube, but get confused if I try to do
       | really anything past a single operation.
       | 
       | - When practiced, I can somewhat do the mental abacus -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_abacus
       | 
       | - I can't mind palace really much at all.
       | 
       | - I am at the "dim and vague" step on the attached article.
       | 
       | Other than the strange hallucination here and there, I've never
       | had any internal audio.
       | 
       | Interested in other people's experiences.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | > - I can look at a photo of a 3d object and select a rotated
         | variant from a list of options (common in internet iq tests)
         | 
         | Interesting, I can reason how it should look and figure it out
         | that way, but I never could just select one from seeing another
         | version of it.
        
         | catskul2 wrote:
         | Do you ever talk to yourself silently? How fast do you read?
        
           | thornewolf wrote:
           | Yes. Sometimes I will think to myself one word at a time.
           | Sometimes I will think to myself in the abstract (wordless).
           | I don't know how to control it. I do know that once I realize
           | I'm thinking wordlessly, I collapse to wordfull for a bit.
           | There is never anything close to a voice associated w/ these
           | thoughts though.
           | 
           | I read at about double the pace of the average reader iirc. I
           | do phrase-based / sight reading, which is what speed readers
           | typically practice doing. An interesting aspect of this is
           | that I often never learn character names in books, since I
           | just recognize the shape of the name. A friend of mine with a
           | similar reading style also has this experience.
        
         | tupolef wrote:
         | Sorry but, your list of examples feels like a list produced by
         | an AI from a set of articles about aphantasia, or it's like
         | you're too influenced by these articles. Rotating 3d objects,
         | doing multiple visual operations on a rubik's cube or mental
         | abacus are not operations that even people with hyperphantasia
         | will be able to do naturaly. If you gave more examples of every
         | day situations, or if you told us that you tried to train for
         | thoses operations for 3 months and failed, we could conclude
         | something else.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | When you do mental object rotations, does the answer just come
         | to you?
         | 
         | Like if I ask you to think of a car brand, one just jumped into
         | your head. Does the correct rotation just come into your head
         | too?
         | 
         | For me to do rotations I have to visualize the object in my
         | "minds eye" and then I watch it rotate. I can't imagine doing
         | it any other way.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | Command line vs GUI. (Or, for most people, a combination)
         | 
         | In my case I'm approximately typical but there are things I'm
         | better or worse at visualizing. I've never successfully worked
         | a mind palace, I find myself too distracted and unable to hold
         | the image, as if in a dream. But I'm quite good at mentally
         | navigating routes and can build a pretty large visual model of
         | roads I drive. (Oh. Maybe I should make a "mind city" instead.)
        
       | vaindil wrote:
       | I've always struggled with descriptions of aphantasia and I don't
       | know if I have it myself because I don't know what's "normal".
       | This article also didn't clarify it.
       | 
       | When imagining an object, do people literally see it as if they
       | were physically looking at it with their eyes (as if a physical
       | image appeared on the inside of their eyelids)? When I imagine
       | something, there's nothing visual/optical involved. It's like a
       | dim picture that originates in my brain--I can kind of put
       | something together, but it lacks any detail or clarity. My actual
       | vision stays completely black.
        
         | a_cardboard_box wrote:
         | > It's like a dim picture
         | 
         | You don't have aphantasia. In people with aphantasia, there is
         | no "it" to describe.
        
         | sebtron wrote:
         | As far as I understand yes, most people actually see something.
         | 
         | At some point I figured out this "test" to explain aphantasia
         | to people: ask someone to imagine a car. After that, ask them
         | about visual details of the car: what color is it? what type of
         | car is it? (Other objects might work better than a car; In my
         | experience color is the attribute that will be the most
         | surprising, vwry clear for some completely absent for others.)
         | 
         | Most people are going to answer with whatever they "saw". For
         | me these follow-up questions don't make sense.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | Not see, but visualize. It's like a different sense. Can you
           | recall what something you touched felt like, what something
           | smelled like, what something tasted like, or sounded like?
           | The recollection of the experience is different than the
           | sensory experience itself, but there's still something of the
           | original sensory experience to it. Visualization is like
           | being able to recall what something looked like in this way,
           | as if you had seen it even though you didn't.
           | 
           | Your vision can feed your visualization, but it doesn't go
           | the other way, which would be a hallucination.
        
         | ulbu wrote:
         | it would be a hallucination to see something appear in vision.
         | it's in that internal space that images appear. for some
         | people, it's not impossible for these two spaces to overlap,
         | but i guess most of them we would consider psychotic.
         | 
         | notice how a person daydreaming looks spaced out. they're not
         | looking through their eyes then. no, people do not augment
         | their reality, unless hallucinating.
        
         | xatax wrote:
         | I'm in the same boat. I can't see things as though they're
         | physical objects but I can sense them in some other way.
         | 
         | I can also draw outlines with my eyes closed - e.g. I can point
         | my finger out and trace the positions of my desk, table,
         | windows, etc.
         | 
         | But when explaining the concept of aphantasia, my go to
         | explanation is to look directly at a person, close my eyes, and
         | say "I have no idea what you look like." I can still sense
         | where they are - height, weight, - and I can state facts about
         | their beard or hair colour, but I'm not seeing it in any way
         | I'd normally use the word 'see'.
         | 
         | But with all that, I feel like it could be close enough that
         | that might be how others sense things and we just lack the
         | terminology to express it, so I tend not to say I'm aphantasic
         | as a definite term.
        
         | BananaaRepublik wrote:
         | Do you have an inner monologue? If you can hear your inner
         | voice, you'll know that your inner voice is less of a voice and
         | more of a speaker that can play anything you like. The only
         | limits are my own knowledge, experience and creativity.
        
         | davidhs wrote:
         | Sounds like you have hypophantasia.
         | 
         | Mind's eye/visualisation/phantasia is not seen through one's
         | physical eyes. From how I've heard people explain it, it's:
         | 
         | * (1) Seeing inside your head. * (2) Feels like seeing behind
         | you or/and somewhere else. * (3) Seeing through another set of
         | eyes (mind's eyes) * (4) As if I just saw something, but not
         | with my own eyes.
         | 
         | People can have no mental imagery or visual perception in one's
         | thoughts, aphantasia, to very low/unclear/fuzzy/uncertain
         | mental imagery (hypophantasia), to regular phantasia, which is
         | not as real as looking through one's eyes, and hyperphantasia,
         | where it's almost as good or as good as seeing through one's
         | eyes (the fidelity, resolution, etc.)
         | 
         | Then there's also "prophantasia", or the ability to project
         | visuals in one's visual physical scene, or what one might
         | describe as being able to visually hallucinate. These are the
         | visuals one can see through one's eyes. Prophantasia also is on
         | this low (being able to voluntarily project unclear shapes in
         | the visual noise in one's eye lids in the dark), to high (being
         | able to project "holograms" in one's visual scene).
         | 
         | When people talk about it online they seem to not disambiguate
         | between these visualization modes.
         | 
         | There are potentially other modes of visualization out there
         | that I don't know of.
         | 
         | EDIT: your imagination can also happen in other sense
         | modalities, including sound, olfaction, taste, bodily
         | sensation, etc.
        
         | stvltvs wrote:
         | It's a spectrum, so it's not whether or not you experience
         | aphantasia but to what degree.
         | 
         | Also, my experience is that I can imagine very detailed objects
         | and scenes, but the happen in a second mental space, not the
         | current visual field. To imagine something, I have to stop
         | paying attention to the sensory input of the world around me
         | and mentally turn aside to the second space where imagination
         | happens.
         | 
         | I struggle to impose imagined objects on the visual field. I
         | end up imagining what it would look like if I could, but this
         | happens in the second space, in an imagined copy of the visual
         | field.
        
         | altruios wrote:
         | Okay, explaining personal experience is notoriously difficult -
         | but here we go:
         | 
         | This is a story - this is not literally true, but is a roughly
         | similar shape of things.
         | 
         | My experience is that I am a little thing piloting a giant
         | thing (my body) - I sit in a seat and watch a screen. That
         | screen shows me what my eyes see, and to the edges and beyond
         | are empty. In front of me - between the screen and me - is an
         | empty space. In that space I can draw lines, color things, move
         | things, rotate things.
         | 
         | If I concentrate hard enough I can overlay (by seeing the space
         | while I have my eyes open) an imagined thing in real space (The
         | imagined item is still originating from that space - not the
         | screen - but the screen and that space...mix). The screen from
         | my eyes is an order of magnitude brighter - so I have to focus
         | in order to do that. I can imagine things with my eyes open...
         | but when I do, I am not facing the 'eye-screen' inside my head,
         | I'm looking down and away from it and only at that space of
         | imagination.
         | 
         | I recently starting drawing: It seems to solidify this
         | space/ability more than any other mental exercise I've tried. I
         | have noticed a distinct improvement when I started
         | deconstructing what I was seeing in real live down to basic
         | shapes (In that imagined space and overlaying it on what I was
         | seeing).
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | When I was doing forms and rehearsing techniques in martial
           | arts, I would imagine wireframe fighters coming at me.
           | Normally they were yellow, but a successful strike against
           | "hitboxes" in their limbs, torso, or head would turn the
           | corresponding part red. I couldn't see them as such like a
           | HUD, but I could visualize them, and it noticeably improved
           | my technique.
           | 
           | I've adopted the "tiny pilot controlling a meat mech"
           | perspective before, but the "screen" is wrap-around and very
           | close, there's no space outside or between me and it.
        
             | electrondood wrote:
             | > there's no space... between me and it.
             | 
             | Now consider that the idea that there is a "me" perceiving
             | the screen is only an un-investigated assumption, and that
             | this "me" is actually only implied by whatever object
             | appears on the screen.
             | 
             | Can any such separate entity actually be found?
             | 
             | Or is the thinker implied by the thought, the listener
             | implied by the sound, the feeler implied by the feeling,
             | etc.
        
           | deciplex wrote:
           | To kind of piggyback on here since you described your
           | experience very well, I'll give my own as a contrast to
           | yours:
           | 
           | Mine seems similar. Instead of piloting a body I just am my
           | body, and I don't perceive any screen. Instead of an "area
           | between me and the screen" I just have a completely separate
           | workspace of sorts where I can visualize things. But - and
           | this is where I differ from you the most I think - in my mind
           | that workspace is quite separate from my field of real
           | vision. If I concentrate I can kind of overlay them, but it
           | feels very artificial.
        
             | hexaga wrote:
             | Likewise, this mirrors my experiences near exactly. In a
             | very real sense, I am/embody the contours of my senses.
             | 
             | On a possibly related note, when I was very young there was
             | a moment I distinctly remember 'pulling away' from this
             | sense-surface-of-self, and a bone deep certainty that if I
             | did so I would be lost and/or have done something
             | unrecoverable. Spooked me thoroughly at the time, but now I
             | wonder if doing so would have formed that intermediary-type
             | viewpoint.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | Yeah, that pretty much lines up with my experience. If I had to
         | place the image that I am "seeing" anywhere, it would be inside
         | my forehead.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | Weird that I don't see any links to this, supposedly the
         | definitive test: https://aphantasia.com/study/vviq/
        
           | lagniappe wrote:
           | It's probably not linked because it is just "do you have
           | aphantasia" rephrased various ways. This test is very poorly
           | designed and comes off like a facebook quiz.
           | > No image at all, you only "know" that you are thinking of
           | the object         > Dim and vague; flat         > Moderately
           | clear and lively         > Clear and lively         >
           | Perfectly clear and lively as real seeing
           | 
           | All of the examples are not necessary if they can all be
           | answered with the same answers.
        
             | digging wrote:
             | Not at all. Having taken it, despite also thinking that it
             | looked absurdly simplistic, I was surprised my answers were
             | different depending on the subject. Nor is the result a
             | boolean "yes/no" at all, which should be obvious from the
             | more-than-two answer choices to the questions - phantasia
             | is a spectrum.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Thinking about it is not the same as seeing it. I can like
         | 'see' e.g. my house in my imagination. But it is more like a
         | fast glimpse or looking past it. There is nothing to focus on.
         | I can't count the windows without remembering them one by one.
         | I need to rethink about the door to 'zoom in' on it etc.
        
         | idunnoman1222 wrote:
         | Do you see things when you have a dream or how about in the
         | intermediary when you're falling asleep? people claim they can
         | visualize things like that at will.
         | 
         | I'm of the mind to think that people are unreliable narrators
         | of their internal world and are not to be trusted on either
         | side of the spectrum.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | > It's like a dim picture that originates in my brain--I can
         | kind of put something together, but it lacks any detail or
         | clarity.
         | 
         | It's like having a second visual sense, but it's not strictly
         | the same as standard vision. It often does lack clarity, but as
         | with any other sense, you can sharpen specific details by
         | focusing on it. Your real vision can feed into this secondary
         | vision, but not the other way around, which would be a
         | hallucination.
        
       | BananaaRepublik wrote:
       | Aphantasia might occur with other senses too. I'm almost certain
       | I have aphantasia in taste and smells. I simply cannot conjure
       | any in my head, even for extremely common ones like taste of
       | apple or sun dried sheets. When people ask me about my opinion of
       | food I just had, I'm simply recalling facts from my assessment
       | made during the meal. It's very different from how I do it if I
       | had to recall something visual like a painting, because I do have
       | a vivid mental image.
        
         | bengale wrote:
         | I'm sorry what? pPeople are doing this with taste and smell
         | too?
         | 
         | Can people just imagine all of their senses?
        
       | foobiekr wrote:
       | For those who cannot visualize things: try the same experience
       | with your eyes open. I can't visualize anything with my eyes
       | closed - maybe black-and-white shadowy outlines if that - but
       | with my eyes open I can visualize things kind of up above my head
       | outside my visual field.
       | 
       | (There's an irony for me in that I had, until I got older,
       | perfect experiential recall of short clips of time, including the
       | feeling of motion, sound, etc. That faded to nothing in my
       | forties. Enjoy being young, the worst part of aging is the very
       | things that are you start to become threadbare.)
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | I find it's a lot easier to visualize vividly when I have a
         | real problem to solve and harder when I'm just trying to
         | visualize.
        
       | gligorot wrote:
       | I recently learned that people are on a spectrum of thoughts
       | visualization - not everyone _thinks_ the same. If you want to
       | check your personal mix of "visualization" characteristics this
       | questionnaire by Uni of Wisconsin-Madison is useful (you also get
       | your position on the distribution curve):
       | 
       | https://uwmadison.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3NMm9yyFsNio...
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | I have this, as does my wife. We both thought it was normal up
       | until about a year ago, until our kids informed us that they
       | actually see the things they imagine.
       | 
       | I have very good autobiographical memory and my dreams are so
       | real I sometimes can't tell if I was asleep or not. But I can't
       | visualize something when awake. I can think about it, and I can
       | visualize how things will fit into a space and then make it
       | happen. In fact I'm really good at looking at a room and figuring
       | out how to rearrange the furniture to fit better, for example. Or
       | an entire backyard (I designed all of our landscaping just by
       | looking and imagining).
       | 
       | But yeah, no mind's eye.
       | 
       | I saw one study that said having no mind's eye was correlated
       | with higher intelligence. Not sure how strong the evidence for
       | that actually is, but I like to think it's accurate. :)
        
       | yodon wrote:
       | Discussion pages like this one are constantly filled with people
       | saying "Aphantasia doesn't exist, it's just differences in how
       | people describe the same thing," when the science in this paper
       | and others is clear.
       | 
       | Yes, it's hard to imagine not seeing mental images if you can see
       | them, and it's hard to imagine seeing them if you can't. Having a
       | hard time imagining others are different doesn't mean we are all
       | the same, it just means it's hard to imagine being different.
        
       | beej71 wrote:
       | This reminds me of something that might be related. Someone
       | recently told me that if you look at any object, you can imagine
       | what it feels like to put your tongue on it. (With all kinds of
       | subsequent hilarious and disgusting suggestions.)
       | 
       | And for me, it seems pretty true. But I wonder if that holds true
       | for most?
        
         | avalys wrote:
         | A few months ago I took a mental imagery quiz and one of the
         | questions was "Can you imagine what it would feel like to lick
         | a brick wall?"
        
         | ryankrage77 wrote:
         | We have a lot of experience touching things with our fingers
         | (in daily life) and tongues (more when we're younger), and can
         | extrapolate from this experience.
         | 
         | In my own experience, this extrapolation is overconfident - I
         | tested licking a few random items, and while my expectation was
         | close to reality, I was always just a little off for the truly
         | novel items. Of course for something gross, most people won't
         | (and shouldn't!) test their expectation, so they go on with the
         | confirmation bias that they got it right.
         | 
         | First example that comes to mind is that the roof of my mouth
         | feels much smoother to my tongue than it does to my fingers.
        
       | TomMasz wrote:
       | What I find interesting is that people with aphantasia still
       | dream like everyone else but can't _voluntarily_ evoke images in
       | their mind.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | Which is why I thought I was completely normal, because when I
         | remember them, I have very vivid dreams. When I found out about
         | that, I did get a bit sad and jealous that there are people who
         | can essentially do that at will, while awake. Sounds close to
         | magic to me.
        
           | avalys wrote:
           | You're not missing much.
           | 
           | As far as I know, I have a very good ability to visualize
           | things mentally. I can picture objects and scenes vividly,
           | with good detail, rotate objects in my mind, etc.
           | 
           | However, there's one critical aspect of this that I don't see
           | people talking about - if I picture a scene that is
           | "pleasing" to look at, like a beautiful sunset - I get
           | absolutely no pleasure or enjoyment from doing so, like I
           | would if I saw it in real life. Somehow the fact that it is a
           | deliberately imagined scene bypasses whatever part of my
           | brain would react with pleasure. Part of this is that there's
           | no novelty to it - I know what I'm imagining, so there's no
           | sense of "Oh wow, look at that!"
           | 
           | So for me, this is a purely practical ability - I can go to
           | Ikea, look at lawn furniture, and pretty easily picture how
           | it will look in my backyard - but that's it.
           | 
           | If I lost this ability, I do think it would make some
           | everyday tasks difficult that I take for granted, but I
           | wouldn't be sad about losing the ability itself.
        
         | theogravity wrote:
         | I believe I have complete aphantasia - I can't form any images
         | at all with any detail. When I dream, it's conceptual with no
         | images, like reading a story out.
        
       | Frummy wrote:
       | This ability varies with our health and exhaustion. A year or two
       | ago I had less control of conjuring images like these by choice.
       | Only a week or two ago I regained more control of depth, not that
       | it wasn't 3d before, but making it really pop makes a big
       | difference. The key has been long distance cycling, cardio is
       | important for a clear mind.
        
       | Cupertino95014 wrote:
       | .. and then, of course, there's "able to visualize an object when
       | rotated in three dimensions."
       | 
       | I think the percentage of people who can't do that is way higher
       | than 1%. I'm not great at it myself.
        
       | declan_roberts wrote:
       | Can someone explain to me how someone with aphantasia can draw a
       | picture at all? How can you draw a picture of a dog if you can't
       | mentally picture what a dog looks like? Seems impossible.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | You still know the shape.
         | 
         | But the answer is definitely 'not very well'.
        
           | 1980phipsi wrote:
           | I've heard of artists with aphantasia, just maybe there are
           | fewer as a percent than the general public.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | Well that would certainly explain why I've always been
         | absolutely terrible at drawing...
        
         | drooby wrote:
         | It's honestly more confusing to me that most people are bad at
         | drawing but supposedly most people don't have aphantasia.
         | 
         | I have aphantasia and I can draw decent images.
         | 
         | When I put pencil down on paper, I start drawing and the lines
         | tell me if it the physics or perspective make sense.. then I
         | erase and retry if they don't. The more I practice the more I
         | can anticipate which strokes will make sense.
        
           | tstrimple wrote:
           | It's similar for me. It has to be a very iterative process
           | where the image emerges rather than me having a solid idea in
           | my head and bringing it to life.
        
         | Frummy wrote:
         | It's more of an artisan muscle memory thing. You can definitely
         | tell sometimes, that someone has the right hand movements to
         | sum up all the details that make a complete painting, but the
         | overall composition is lacking in the coherence or planning or
         | perspective. The result being something like medieval
         | manuscript animals. There are still rules such as perspective
         | lines and so on that can compensate. How can someone code
         | without planning the architecture beforehand? Line by line, but
         | spaghetti structure arises subtly. If you just start drawing,
         | you have a sense of the next stroke, and next stroke. But yeah,
         | drawing by markov process can lead to shoddiness without a
         | clear guiding visualisation.
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | I think that sculpting would be much better suited as the
         | properties and relationships of an object hold true. When
         | making a 2d drawing it's a projection which has very different
         | relationships.
        
         | bengale wrote:
         | I can't really. If I draw I need reference material.
         | 
         | I can make little play dough models though? I know the shapes I
         | just can't see them in my mind.
        
         | SirMaster wrote:
         | Maybe this is why I am terrible at drawing lol. If I try to
         | draw a dog there is a good chance most people wont be able to
         | tell it's a dog.
         | 
         | I can try to draw one because I know the characteristics of a
         | dog and I can fulfill them as I am creating the shape on the
         | paper. But I don't think I see it ahead of time.
        
       | ajkjk wrote:
       | I used to ask people about this a lot because I was curious about
       | a related hypothesis: that aphantasia correlated with being good
       | at mental math.
       | 
       | Specifically, people who can imagine images will often do math in
       | their head by imagining doing it on a sheet of paper. And I'm
       | pretty sure that is bad and doesn't work well. I think the
       | difference is that the visual brain is somewhat dyslexic about
       | numbers, like it just isn't very accurate at computation.
       | (Personally I use my verbal brain to do math, not any sort of
       | imagery.)
       | 
       | Curious for other data points (although back in the day I must
       | have polled ~100 people so I'm pretty sure of it).
        
         | tstrimple wrote:
         | Sample size of one. I have aphantasia and cannot picture images
         | at all. I had a "natural" affinity for math and would often
         | zone out extrapolating mathematical patterns in my head during
         | school. Like the trick with multiplying 9s where you hold your
         | fingers up. I remember spending days of class time working on a
         | more generic rule to allow me to multiply any number by 9 in my
         | head. This came to a crashing halt for calculus as I was not
         | able to develop a mental model for it _at all_ during high
         | school. Everything that had been easy and interesting before
         | just disappeared when it came to memorizing formulas with no
         | rhyme or reason.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > Specifically, people who can imagine images will often do
         | math in their head by imagining doing it on a sheet of paper.
         | And I'm pretty sure that is bad and doesn't work well.
         | 
         | Instead of visualizing written numbers on paper, visualize
         | doing the problem with an abacus [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_abacus
        
       | jibbit wrote:
       | A couple of things I noticed while teaching drawing to students
       | (who were quite good) and i was a bit obsessed by Aphantasia..
       | 
       | It's always easy to distinguish a drawing done from life, a
       | drawing done from a photograph, and a drawing done from
       | imagination. i.e. drawings from photographs have an identifiable
       | characteristic that isn't present in drawings from imagination.
       | 
       | This distinction holds regardless of where students perceive
       | themselves on the spectrum of ability to visualize. Students who
       | describe themselves as having excellent visualization skills are
       | often "better" at drawing from imagination (for a conventional
       | idea of 'better'), but not any more able to draw like they could
       | from life/photo than anyone else.
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | Few cameras have the same focal length as the human eye. I
         | wonder if your observation would hold if that were accounted
         | for. Same as the difference between 'attractive' faces and
         | 'photogenic'.
        
       | xpl wrote:
       | I don't actually "see" mental images, but I "feel" them. For
       | example, I can remember a friend's or a celebrity's face --
       | clearly recalling the "feel" of that face -- the exact qualia I
       | experience if I actually saw it -- but there is no "overlay
       | image", my eyes see pitch black that moment! It is a very high
       | level qualia, totally decoupled from visual perception. But I
       | swear it is the same as if I actually _saw_ a certain face. It is
       | so strange.
       | 
       | Is that aphantasia? Not sure. I feel that the confusion lies in
       | inability to properly describe what it is, when you recall
       | something. People's descriptions don't match, just because it is
       | hard to describe... not necessarily because someone has less or
       | more imagination than others.
        
         | smogcutter wrote:
         | Thats just called imagination. Do you think that when other
         | people picture something it literally replaced their vision?
        
           | iwontberude wrote:
           | When I do mushrooms I like closing my eyes and watching my
           | brain attempt to maintain the image as it swirls and contorts
           | into analogous yet increasingly orthogonal forms
        
           | cynicalkane wrote:
           | This is a smug non-reply to the parent post. People with
           | imagination might not always "replace" vision, but they can
           | summon images to the mind's eye other than complete darkness.
           | And personally, I feel I can obscure the world around me if
           | focused on a particularly powerful daydream.
        
           | neom wrote:
           | For me to do it for long periods of time in high fidelity, I
           | need to either close my eyes or do this blurring/out of focus
           | thing I don't know how to describe. So in a sense, it does
           | have to replace my vision literally. I regularly lead high
           | level strategy meetings with my eyes fully closed so I can
           | use my memory and imagination fully, I've seen other people
           | do this also so I presume I'm not alone.
        
           | fzzzy wrote:
           | It's a spectrum. Replacing their vision is called
           | hallucination.
        
           | hhjinks wrote:
           | That is _literally_ how it 's presented in the article.
           | 
           | >Most of her colleagues reacted differently. They reported
           | actually seeing an apple, some vividly and some faintly,
           | floating like a hologram in front of them.
        
         | neom wrote:
         | For me, that is the intermediary step before the drawing. I
         | think the image is just my imagination of that feeling you
         | discribe + some specific memory of aspects of the thing? I have
         | very vivid mental imagery. I don't believe it's specifically
         | drawn from memory, more generally drawn from that qualia you
         | talk of + the attributes I know of the thing + situational
         | memory.
        
       | riiii wrote:
       | I struggle with the idea you can choose your eyes and "see"
       | things.
       | 
       | Close my eyes and it's just just black (well, technically
       | eigengrau but everyone calls it black)
       | 
       | I'd very much like to have that ability. It sounds like cheating!
        
         | schneems wrote:
         | It's not like: visual stimulus. It's more like when you see
         | something, that experience eventually translates into a picture
         | in your mind.
         | 
         | When I close my eyes I "see" black, but I can recall the face
         | of someone I talked to last quite well. It feels like the same
         | circuits as when I was there, but decoupled from the actual
         | optical input.
         | 
         | I took a Knowledge based AI course and one interesting thing
         | was that perceptual knowledge (things we experience via sense)
         | was the listed as the furthest from formal logic (knowledge)
         | and the hardest thing to communicate. Even harder than abstract
         | concepts such as "beauty". So I don't know if what I said makes
         | sense. Hope it helps though.
        
           | kodt wrote:
           | This seems to be very similar to the debate on internal
           | monologues. No-one can seem to agree on what exactly they
           | think it means.
        
             | riiii wrote:
             | The internal monologue is interesting. If you are taking,
             | who is listening?
        
         | hbosch wrote:
         | Nah, you've identified the problem and IMO it's quite
         | philosophical. Like to me, what the person in this article
         | describes is what someone else would call "seeing the apple".
         | 
         | >She could think about an apple: its taste, its shape, its
         | color, the way light might hit it. But she didn't see it.
         | Behind her eyes, "it was completely black," Shomstein recalled.
         | And yet, "I imagined an apple."
         | 
         | What is the difference between this, and what another person
         | might describe as a hologram? There is no material way to
         | confirm or disconfirm what someone says happens in their
         | imagination. I can conjure an apple in three dimensions, I can
         | rotate it in my mind with my eyes either opened or closed. I
         | can imagine a wireframe of that apple, or multiple apples
         | rolling down a staircase and I can conjure the physics of them
         | bumping into one another and landing in a bruised pile. I am
         | imagining that vividly, in full color and full holographic
         | clarity, but I am imagining it right now as I type to you here.
         | 
         | So... am I "seeing" it in my "mind's eye"? How would either of
         | us know what the other meant if we said yes or no? To me, the
         | person in the article is describing the physical reality
         | (eyelids over eyeballs = darkness) as "seeing" just as much as
         | someone else, say a math wiz, can close their eyes and see
         | colorful geometry playing in spatial relationships with one
         | another or a oil rig worker might start seeing slick black
         | sludge on a piston. I don't see a point in creating taxonomies
         | of imagination.
        
           | idunnoman1222 wrote:
           | It's definitely different when you're dreaming or when you're
           | falling asleep, I mean the vividness of one's imagination so
           | people are claiming they have the same level of vividness all
           | the time it seems that you must take their word on this, no?
        
       | jumploops wrote:
       | I have aphantasia, and so does my brother. Neither of our parents
       | do.
       | 
       | Both of us are really good at three dimensional thinking, but
       | have no "visual" aspect to said thoughts.
       | 
       | The best way for me to describe it, is that, when imagining an
       | object (apple, barn, etc.) my mind thinks about the physical
       | structure of the object. I can't "rotate" it because there's
       | nothing to "rotate" however I can describe it in 3D space using
       | my hands.
       | 
       | Again, there's nothing "visual" about the way this works. My mind
       | just prefers spatial thinking over visual thinking.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > Again, there's nothing "visual" about the way this works. My
         | mind just prefers spatial thinking over visual thinking.
         | 
         | It's hard to imagine (for us visual thinkers) how one could
         | think spacially without also visualizing.
        
           | givinguflac wrote:
           | The best description I've come across (as someone with
           | aphantasia myself, which I discovered after reading this
           | article yesterday) is that it's like describing the metadata
           | and emotional sensations associated with an image in my mind.
           | I really thought people talked about "seeing with the minds
           | eye" as a metaphor, until yesterday.
        
           | taberiand wrote:
           | I suppose it's all fundamentally just electrical and chemical
           | impulses - presumably for most people those pulses pass
           | through the visualisation part of the brain, and for others
           | it takes another path - yet the end result of the processing
           | is more or less the same, just mapped onto maybe smells or
           | feelings or something instead of images
        
           | jumploops wrote:
           | Yes, it's hard to describe with words.
           | 
           | The spatial thinking is relational in concept, such that I
           | can think about distances and angles in relationship to one
           | another. I can describe (and build), with my hands, but I
           | can't "see" the object from a certain angle.
           | 
           | It's as if there's a bunch of points in virtual space, again
           | not visualized, but accessible to my thinking process. I can
           | imagine how they relate, and how they can fit together,
           | without actually seeing it rendered. Not sure if that makes
           | sense or I'm just muddying the waters.
           | 
           | Another example would be Legos, which I played with a ton as
           | a kid. I can think about the exact piece I need, and think
           | about the larger thing I'm building as a composite of said
           | pieces. I keep mentioning my hands, because the way it's
           | expressed in my mind is more of a "feeling" than anything
           | visual.
           | 
           | Another way to think about it would be like a 3d model of the
           | world, where I can think about my route/position/etc. through
           | it, without having any concrete view. It's like a 3d file
           | without the 2d renderer.
        
             | SeriousM wrote:
             | The article made me thinking if my way of "visualizing"
             | things is limited. My kids do have a vivid imagination for
             | visual things out of nowhere, I on the other hand need a
             | spark or idea to get the flow going.
             | 
             | > Another way to think about it would be like a 3d model of
             | the world, where I can think about my route/position/etc.
             | through it, without having any concrete view. It's like a
             | 3d file without the 2d renderer.
             | 
             | That example just fits perfectly my perception of things. I
             | habe a very good mental model of everything that fits well
             | in my brain but it's sometimes hard to put them into
             | words... yet I get better by describing "my view". Funny
             | that I have a graphical memory but can't construct any new
             | in my mind.
        
             | jsrcout wrote:
             | This is so interesting. As a test, I wonder if you could
             | make something out of Legos without any issues if you
             | blocked your vision so you couldn't see them or your hands.
             | Guessing that that you could.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Just close your eyes and rely on your hands for a bit.
        
             | UncleOxidant wrote:
             | If you're saying to close my eyes and use my hands to
             | manipulate some 3D shape, I'm going to be visualizing it
             | while I do that.
        
           | toolslive wrote:
           | it's like a lidar (I have aphantasia too)
        
         | mondrian wrote:
         | Do you remember events visually? Does your memory work
         | differently than imagination?
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | The way I imagine it works is like the weights of a machine
         | learning network. The lower-level convolutional layers are
         | discarded and only the higher-level feature extracted weights
         | _(latent space I believe it 's called)_ are remembered. We can
         | then 'think' in that feature space with no associated imagery
         | but feel our way around in that space.
         | 
         | There was one time (before the web) where I was trying to solve
         | a physical puzzle of balancing many long construction nails on
         | the head of a standing one. I couldn't solve it, but must have
         | thought about it because when I woke up, I knew the solution
         | and demonstrated it _(I already knew it would work)_ as soon as
         | I got to the office where the nails were.
         | 
         | I also spend long periods pondering a problem staring into
         | space and not thinking of anything specific but during that
         | time my mind is mixing and matching and trying different
         | arrangements of possible solutions. I can't see any of this
         | happening, but every now and then I'll have an idea making
         | connections I hadn't considered before. Often one of them will
         | pan out well.
        
         | bengale wrote:
         | I've always suspected it makes it easier for me to think
         | abstractly without having any images to tie concepts to in my
         | mind.
        
       | spelunker wrote:
       | > "It is, I think, as close to an honest-to-goodness revelation
       | as I will ever live in the flesh," Ross wrote in a 2016 Facebook
       | post about his personal discovery. All his life, he had thought
       | "counting sheep" was a metaphor.
       | 
       | It's NOT a metaphor?? People are actually imagining sheep??
       | 
       | Anyway I've suspected before that I have some form of this.
        
       | mondrian wrote:
       | People who don't have aphantasia see objects in their visual
       | field, occluding reality? That sounds like hallucination, and
       | very unsafe unless you have a high degree of control over it. An
       | imaginary horse pops into your visual field while you're making a
       | tricky maneuver on the highway...
       | 
       | Also, presumably ADHD is widespread. But people who don't have
       | aphantasia (most people) can reliably persist accurate imaginary
       | objects in the visual field? Your attention is fragmented and
       | jumping from thing to thing but the horse in your visual field
       | persists there for you to visit and revisit? Highly doubtful.
       | 
       | The actual experience is that people don't see stuff pop up in
       | their visual field; the imaginary objects are seen in a separate
       | field, and yes they are "seen" in a visual way, but not in the
       | visual field; the imaginary objects are fleeting and morphing.
       | The degree to which you can persist an imaginary object is highly
       | dependent on the ability to focus attention.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > People who don't have aphantasia see objects in their visual
         | field, occluding reality? That sounds like hallucination, and
         | very unsafe unless you have a high degree of control over it...
         | > The actual experience is that people don't see stuff pop up
         | in their visual field; the imaginary objects are seen in a
         | separate field, and yes they are "seen" in a visual way, but
         | not in the visual field; the imaginary objects are fleeting and
         | morphing. The degree to which you can persist an imaginary
         | object is highly dependent on the ability to focus attention
         | 
         | I have on a few occasions woken from a dream, opened my eyes
         | and seen the image from that dream persist for a second in my
         | visual field. It's a pretty freaky experience - probably very
         | much like a hallucination.
         | 
         | I've also been walking, deep in thought and then looked up and
         | not known where I was because I had a different picture of a
         | different place in mind.
         | 
         | How do those with aphantasia dream? Do they not see any
         | visuals? (the article says that some do)
        
           | mondrian wrote:
           | > How do those with aphantasia dream? Do they not see any
           | visuals?
           | 
           | Pretty sure that they have vivid dreams like everyone else.
           | The aphantasia is limited to the topic of conjuring visual
           | imaginations while awake.
        
             | fzzzy wrote:
             | Nah. Some people don't remember dreams.
        
             | idunnoman1222 wrote:
             | All right, how about when you're tired or drifting off to
             | sleep? I can certainly see things vividly in my mind I
             | during those times. It seems to me that being awake
             | suppresses such visualizations, and that this is adaptive.
        
               | zaphoyd wrote:
               | I have complete aphantasia when awake, but I do have
               | visuals when dreaming. I can tell when I cross some
               | threshold of awake-ness because the visuals of the dream
               | I am having disappear (the dream usually continues,
               | without visuals for a bit longer until I am more awake).
               | It is a weird experience.
        
             | jdbernard wrote:
             | No. I replied in a sibling comment, but even in the few
             | dreams I remember there is no visual image at all.
        
           | jdbernard wrote:
           | I have complete aphantasia. I do dream, but rarely remember
           | them. The dreams I do remember have the same quality as my
           | imagination when reading a book. Meaning, I don't see
           | anything when I dream. I know the story, I can feel the place
           | setting, and recognize the actors involved (even to the point
           | of knowing their internal motivation like my own), but there
           | is no visual component whatsoever.
        
         | jessekv wrote:
         | It's more like having a separate eye you can direct your
         | attention too. Perhaps like a spider might, with its extra sets
         | of eyes? :D
         | 
         | Edit: And yes, better not do that too much while driving.
         | Although I do use this faculty when parallel parking, I imagine
         | the car and surroundings looking down from the top and simulate
         | the optimal parking approach.
        
           | mondrian wrote:
           | Yes! Apt description.
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | When I imagine an object, it doesn't appear in my visual field.
         | Anyway, for complex visualization I have to close my eyes.
        
           | mondrian wrote:
           | You can imagine an object right now, and it's floating in
           | front of your laptop, occluding this text? If so, that's
           | wild.
           | 
           | Edit: Oops I read "does appear" instead of "doesn't appear".
        
             | avandekleut wrote:
             | It doesnt occlude. It's like "in your mind's eye". I
             | imagine its like the perception of it is higher up in the
             | visual processing hierarchy.
        
               | __rito__ wrote:
               | Yeah, it's more like a parallel reality which you can
               | switch into. And sometimes the switching happens
               | involuntarily.
        
         | avandekleut wrote:
         | I have a strong visuospatial sketchpad (e.g. I sometimes
         | imagine building things from lego in my head). When Im driving
         | at night on a highway I have to be careful because I can start
         | to have complex and involved visual imaginations that take more
         | attention than the road in front of me. I have ADHD as well.
        
           | mondrian wrote:
           | Yes I can relate to this. I can get deeply sucked into
           | imagination while ignoring my actual visual field /
           | surroundings.
        
             | __rito__ wrote:
             | There is something called "Hyperphantasia" and yes, it is
             | what it sounds like. But, there are much less scientific
             | studies for this, as opposed to aphantasia.
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | _> People who don't have aphantasia see objects in their visual
         | field, occluding reality? That sounds like hallucination, and
         | very unsafe unless you have a high degree of control over it.
         | An imaginary horse pops into your visual field while you're
         | making a tricky maneuver on the highway..._
         | 
         | Does the image from your left eye occlude the image from your
         | right eye? No, it doesn't.
         | 
         | It's the same for mental imagery. It's a third "image buffer",
         | alongside the two from the eyes. It coexists in the same
         | coordinate system as the other two, but it doesn't occlude
         | them.
         | 
         | Can you imagine a song in your head? If so, does it drown out
         | the sound of the real world? Again, no.
        
           | mondrian wrote:
           | I fully agree, and that is my experience. I am just grappling
           | with what looks like quite a bit of misunderstanding around
           | aphantasia. Some people make it sound like it involves
           | imaginary objects in the visual field, causing other people
           | (who probably don't have aphantasia) to start suspecting that
           | they too have aphantasia, because when they close their eyes
           | they can't see vivid images on the backs of their eyelids.
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | > Does the image from your left eye occlude the image from
           | your right eye? No, it doesn't.
           | 
           | I know it's kind of a tangent, but I have double vision; the
           | images from my two eyes do not converge, they're not looking
           | at the same thing. As such, the images from my eyes overlap
           | and I see both of them at the same time. I need to wear a
           | fresnel lens on one of the lenses of my eye glasses to
           | prevent this. If I'm not wearing them, it makes it
           | complicated to interact with the world. It's mentally
           | exhausting. Plus I sometimes walk into things because I
           | avoided / went around the "wrong one".
        
       | anentropic wrote:
       | I haven't tried it but this person claims to have a technique you
       | can practice as an aphantasic and learn to visualise:
       | https://photographyinsider.info/image-streaming-for-photogra...
        
         | afro88 wrote:
         | That's incredibly interesting, thanks for sharing. I'm not
         | aphantasic but when deliberately picturing something the image
         | starts correctly but changes to something else quickly. They
         | are also not vivid at all.
         | 
         | However when I think or remember things (consciously or day
         | dreaming) the images / video is better. But as soon as I focus
         | on it directly it changes and I lose it so to speak.
         | 
         | Gonna give this a try.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | I read about something a long time ago, maybe in a lucid
         | dreaming context, but it was about a man who was sitting on a
         | train in the early 20th century daydreaming, and the shadows
         | from trees rapidly passing over his eyes basically kickstarted
         | his ability to visualize with his mind's eye. I think he might
         | have even gone on create a device with a spinning circle with
         | slits on it and a lamp behind it in order to play with the
         | effect.
         | 
         | Anyways, I tried it a long time ago, and it definitely enhanced
         | my ability to truly "see" mental imagery. Give it a shot! All
         | you need to do is close your eyes and relax in front of
         | something that is generating a lot of bright/dark areas in
         | motion. Even sitting in front of a TV in a dark room with the
         | TV muted would probably work.
        
         | brotchie wrote:
         | I've tried this for an extended period of time and it hasn't
         | yielded a huge improvement.
         | 
         | When I'm laying in bed at night, close to falling asleep, if I
         | concentrate really hard, I can sometimes get a little glimpse
         | of mental imagery. Like a fleeting moment (perhaps ~500ms) of
         | seeing a full scene (a forest, mountains, a city) but then it's
         | gone.
         | 
         | I think a mistake people make is trying to "see" things in the
         | blackness of their eyes. I've noticed when I get these fleeting
         | images it's when I'm kind of not "looking" at the black, but
         | kind of relaxing my eyes on turning off my attention to my
         | "photon-based" visual system.
        
         | lilyball wrote:
         | Trying that right now, when I rub my eyes I can see the
         | phosphenes, but they never do anything more than just float
         | around for a bit and then vanish. Sometimes when I stare at the
         | back of my eyelids hard enough I get the impression of static,
         | but that's it, the static doesn't ever turn into anything.
        
       | ghoda wrote:
       | I wonder how this related to the phenomenon where people forget
       | faces or don't realise that it is possible to remeber faces
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | I have aphantasia and I can remember faces quite happily but I
         | can't visualise them when thinking about the person. Same as I
         | can recognise a tomato, a ship, a train, whatever, but I can't
         | visualise them in my mind.
        
         | bengale wrote:
         | I have it and I'm terrible with faces. If I spend long enough I
         | can sort of pattern match distinct features but a whole face is
         | generally lost on me.
         | 
         | Movies where you see a character that has aged or changed style
         | are a mystery. My wife has to call out if it's the same person.
         | She's pretty good at knowing when I'd have lost track.
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | Has anyone compared how people with and without aphantasia play
       | chess?
       | 
       | When most people who play chess need to look a few ply ahead they
       | do so by visualizing the board and pieces and them moving those
       | visualized pieces around on that visualized board. They pretty
       | much do with the visualized board what they would do if they had
       | access to a physical or computer analysis board that they could
       | actually move pieces around on.
       | 
       | I once wondered if top players do it that way too, or if maybe
       | the see the position in some more abstract way like a graph with
       | pieces as vertices and colored directed edges encoding
       | relationships such as "The rook is attacking that night" and
       | "that knight is defended by that bishop" and moves are then
       | operations that shift edges.
       | 
       | I asked GM Nakamura about it on an AMA he did on Reddit, and he
       | said he sees the board just like nearly everybody else does.
        
         | abetusk wrote:
         | For what it's worth, there's a study (N=123) on recall for
         | people with aphantansia [0]. One of the tests was to take a
         | look at a picture, of a living room with furniture in it, say,
         | and then have the subject try to redraw the room in as much
         | detail as they can. People with aphantansia have better spatial
         | accuracy and fewer memory errors.
         | 
         | The basic hypothesis is, I guess, that people with aphantansia
         | develop scaffolding to help them memorize so they're better at
         | some of the details that other folks that rely too heavily on
         | their mental imagery.
         | 
         | I don't know of any studies on chess in particular (though I
         | haven't looked) but I would imagine that something similar
         | could be at play here, where it might not be obvious that
         | people with aphantasia are worse for these types of games.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856239/
        
         | johnfn wrote:
         | I have aphantasia and I play chess (albeit not very well...)
         | 
         | Honestly, I think that aphantasia is a bit overhyped; I can do
         | virtually all the things that people with normal mental imagery
         | can do, except I suppose actually visualize the thing in my
         | mind. The way that it works feels akin to a blind man groping
         | in a dark room. If I try to visualize a chess board, of course
         | I only "see" blackness (or nothing), but if you ask me what
         | square is at e2, I can kind of mentally "feel" in that area and
         | know that there's a king pawn there. And I can kind of "feel"
         | below it that there's a king, and a queen, etc.
         | 
         | Normal people see things in their visual imagery by directing
         | their attention at a spot in their mind, seeing it, and then
         | registering what they saw. I just skip the middle step.
        
           | OvbiousError wrote:
           | Interesting. As an aphant I can perhaps do what you describe,
           | what I can absolutely not do is e.g. calculate moves with my
           | eyes closed. I can calculate a couple of moves in, but then
           | it gets hard, and I'm not sure if this is something solveable
           | with practice or just a hard stop.
           | 
           | Similarly, the top chess players can remember a lot of the
           | matches they played, and others they studied. This is not
           | something my brain is able to do, period. Similar to how I
           | have less personal memories than a lot of other people.
        
           | KK7NIL wrote:
           | I'm about 1800-2000 on lichess and have almost complete
           | aphantasia and I do feel like it really hurts me, especially
           | in very sharp middlegame positions. When calculating I have
           | to explicitly list out what squares are attacked by what
           | pieces, which is inevitably very slow.
           | 
           | Long term positional planning isn't a problem as I can feel
           | my way around a position pretty well and can imagine
           | positions I want to reach, but detail heavy calculation is
           | much harder.
           | 
           | Doing a lot of deep puzzles is the best antidote I've
           | found.(And blind chess, but that's really hard)
        
         | v64 wrote:
         | Studies have shown that GMs have better mental recall of actual
         | board positions, but if you set the pieces randomly on the
         | board in ways that may be illegal or nonsensical, their recall
         | falls to average. It may be that they're not directly
         | interacting with the visualization, but some mixture of it
         | combined with their knowledge of the position to reconstruct
         | the details.
        
         | dfan wrote:
         | IM David Pruess has aphantasia and can play multiple
         | simultaneous blindfold games.
         | 
         | Pretty much everyone at my level (2000 USCF) can play
         | blindfold. I always assumed that I was completely unable to
         | because of my aphantasia, but when I heard about Pruess's
         | story, I decided to work on it, and I now can, although with
         | difficulty and very slowly.
         | 
         | Basically I still keep around all the information about where
         | all the pieces are; it's just not on a virtual board that I
         | "look" at, it's stored more abstractly. I keep track of
         | clusters of pieces and relations between them. The fact that I
         | have an excellent sense of the board itself (I know how all the
         | squares relate instinctively) helps. But I still have to stop
         | all the time and confirm where all the pieces are (or,
         | conversely, what's on every square).
        
           | dfan wrote:
           | As an addendum, when I calculate variations in chess or Go I
           | sometimes close my eyes because my "board database access"
           | can be easier to operate when everything is purely in my
           | head, as opposed to performing mental diffs on the physical
           | board in front of me, which requires me to keep track of both
           | real and virtual pieces.
        
       | bengale wrote:
       | Yeah I have this. I also can't hear voices or sounds in my mind.
       | Poor autobiographical memory tracks too, major things stick but a
       | lot just fades pretty quickly.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | If you try to repeat a drum beat without making any noise can
         | you image what it would sound like?
        
           | bengale wrote:
           | No, just silence.
        
       | lowkey_ wrote:
       | I have aphantasia and similarly didn't realize it until a few
       | years ago, at 22, when someone asked me that "Apple" test.
       | 
       | Since then, I've noticed a few interesting things:
       | 
       | 1) I remember things by association. I'm great with maps,
       | physics, economics, and topics where things are inter-related,
       | but terrible at memorization and obviously can't visualize
       | anything.
       | 
       | 2) I'm relatively unburdened by trauma. A lot of my friends will
       | have a visual memory of things that have happened to them, but
       | for me, if it's out of sight, it's out of mind. It's sort of sad
       | to not remember all the good times, though.
       | 
       | 3) It's not really related to taste (I think my taste visually is
       | better than most of my friends and they ask me for fashion
       | advice), but I have to see something to know how it will look and
       | make a decision. Basically near impossible to be an artist or
       | designer.
        
         | brotchie wrote:
         | 100% visual aphant here, but have a very strong musical "minds-
         | ear". So not full-sense aphantasic.
         | 
         | Best self-described mental model for how my brains feels
         | internally is as objects (in the programming sense) with
         | properties and relations. As I "imagine" something, I'm
         | recalling the object "living room couch", and then enumerating
         | properties of that object "leather, brown, L shape."
         | 
         | If I think of something on the couch e.g. "cushion", then it
         | starts off being just a relationship "cushion is on the couch"
         | without any location component. If I then inspect the
         | "location" property of the cushion, then I think "the cushion
         | sitting upright in the L-shaped bend of the couch."
         | 
         | I'm pretty damn good at spatial reasoning in my head, e.g. I
         | can "design" a component in my head, and then sit with Fusion
         | 360 and create it as a 3D CAD model... but I'm not actually
         | seeing anything in my head at all. It still remains in that
         | abstract object <> properties <> relations head-space.
         | 
         | In some ways, when I'm imagining a 3D object in my head, I'm
         | actually thinking "this sketch" with "this shape" extruded by
         | 10mm. So the actual constructive process by which an object is
         | realized in my mind IS the actual process by which I'd design
         | it.
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | I'm like you. I have good spacial intelligence, but I never
           | realized until reading this headline that some people
           | actually see what they are imagining? That seems insane.
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | I'm curious:
         | 
         | 1) But how do you navigate when you're not looking at the map?
         | I'm placing myself mentally "in it" as a dot and can then know
         | that I need to go two streets more etc. Or any game I've ever
         | played I can recount now in my head, for instance I could
         | explain to you how to get to a star in Super Mario 64. Can you
         | do that without "visualizing"? What if I ask what level is to
         | the immediate right when entering the castle? I can see it, but
         | I wouldn't have memorized it any other way I think?
         | 
         | Also 1), when I do maths I also visualize it. Like I can
         | mentally integrate a formula, and then I see it in my head as
         | if it was on a piece of paper. How do you keep track if you
         | can't see it? Or programming, it's like things that align in my
         | vision when I design some piece of code, I can see the
         | different parts and how they will fit together, how is that for
         | you?
        
           | OvbiousError wrote:
           | Not OP but aphant: the information is there, we just can't
           | "see" it. So we can know how to navigate because the map is
           | stored, it's just that we can't access it in a visual way.
           | Note that for me the access is less detailed and also fades
           | quicker.
           | 
           | As for maths: I actually have a physics PhD and am now a C++
           | dev. I couldn't mentally integrate anything complex. Never
           | needed to, someone invented paper at some point ;) I'm a
           | decent programmer I'd say, it seems to be common among
           | aphants to be good at abstract reasoning, which I think
           | really helps with coming up with good programming solutions
           | to concrete problems.
        
           | jdbernard wrote:
           | Not OP, but another visual aphant.
           | 
           | Navigation - I'm doing the same thing, but without "seeing"
           | it. I know Georgetown is N-NE of Austin, Liberty Hill is due
           | W from Georgetown, IH-35 runs N-S but actually slightly NE-SW
           | through Austin for example. I can draw pretty good maps on
           | command (if not to scale), but I don't "see" that until I put
           | it on paper. I think I actually have a much better recall of
           | spatial relations than my wife, who has a vivid mind's eye.
           | 
           | Regarding math: again a similar process, but I don't "see"the
           | equations. Coding is interesting because when I'm really in
           | the zone I feel like I can sit, think, and come up with a
           | holistic design for some problem. Then as I start to write
           | the code I can "feel" the congruence or discongruence between
           | the code I've written and the design I conceptualized. But
           | it's not, for example, a visualized graph in my head. It's
           | more of a physical graph, like holding a carved statue and
           | feeling the curves, edges, and features. Except it's not the
           | same physical sensation as touch, but a mental analog.
           | 
           | Edit: another commentator called it "imaginary
           | proprioception" which I find very apt.
        
       | sandspar wrote:
       | If you listen carefully, you can hear the rumble of the hordes of
       | people rushing to post "I have this".
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | I only recently realized that my mind's eye really isn't. Just
       | now I made the connection maybe why I can't stand descriptive
       | prose. I remember having to read the Scarlett Letter _(think that
       | was the one)_ and there were pages and pages of words painting a
       | picture that did nothing for me, and I was just waiting for it to
       | get on with telling the story. _Out of context but "I'm drowning
       | here and you're describing the water." sums it up for me._
       | 
       | Another thing that makes sense now is how I could never learn
       | facts and stories in school. I'm guessing that I just couldn't
       | form a conceptual model for me to store it. If I studied a field
       | deeply I could probably be able to connect all the dots and it
       | would make sense. OTOH math and science was super easy as they
       | were all formulas and relationships that touched on each other
       | and naturally all fit into place relative to each other, once I
       | could get a thing to _click_ I wouldn 't have to remember it
       | because I'd just _know_.
        
       | lilyball wrote:
       | > _No matter how nascent the research is into these imaging
       | extremes, the scientists all agree on one thing: Aphantasia and
       | hyperphantasia are not disorders. People at either extreme of the
       | spectrum don't have problems navigating the world._
       | 
       | I don't know about hyperphantasia, but aphantasia absolutely is a
       | disorder. I have a whole stack of things to hang on my office
       | wall, and I can't even begin to do it because I can't lay them
       | out mentally. They've been sitting in a pile for years because I
       | have nowhere to even begin. I can't just start hanging things
       | because I'm going to end up unhappy about where everything is
       | placed. Decorating things in general is very difficult. Or any
       | sort of arranging or laying out where I don't have a
       | representation I can physically (or digitally) manipulate to
       | explore ideas.
       | 
       | I also have really poor dreaming. For most of my life I'd say I
       | didn't even have dreams. When I do have dreams, the visual
       | quality is shockingly bad and largely abstract and indistinct.
       | 
       | I also have very little autobiographical memory, which I
       | previously didn't think was connected to aphantasia until reading
       | this article. I do know that looking at photos of the past helps
       | with recall, very frequently when my wife tries to describe
       | something to me I'll have no memory of it until I can see a
       | photo.
       | 
       | The funny thing is I'm actually fairly visual-driven otherwise. I
       | learn better when I can see things. Although maybe that's
       | actually a consequence as well, maybe other people construct
       | mental images when listening or reading?
        
         | spacedcowboy wrote:
         | It's funny because I have no mind's eye, and I definitely
         | consider it an advantage. I genuinely thought it was a
         | euphemism until I was about 20, drunk, and surrounded by
         | friends at college, playing a game in the student bar and the
         | "mind's eye" thing came up. They couldn't believe I was
         | serious. I couldn't believe they were serious... For a while at
         | least.
         | 
         | My mind works on rules, not imagery. If I am asked to "not
         | think of an elephant in a room", I (of course) immediately
         | think of an elephant in a room, but it's not a visual picture -
         | it's relationships between room and elephant (does it touch the
         | walls, the space around it, does it press the light-switch on,
         | can the door open if it opens inwards, ...) It's the _concept_
         | of an elephant in a room. There 's no visual.
         | 
         | Similarly, I don't know my right from my left - instead I have
         | a rule in my head that I run through virtually instantaneously
         | "I write with my right". That then distinguishes for me which
         | is which. If someone gives me directions "first right, second
         | left, right by the pub and next right" I run through that rule
         | for the first instance, and then I have the concept of "not-
         | right" for the "second left" bit. It gets "cached" for a while,
         | and then drops out.
         | 
         | So where's the advantage ? I can consciously build these rules
         | up into complicated (well, more complicated than people expect)
         | structures of relationships and "work them". It's not like
         | running an orrery backwards and forwards, but it's the best
         | analogy I can give. I can see boundary conditions and faults
         | well before others do - and often several complex states away
         | from the starting conditions. I'm often called into meetings
         | just to "run this by you" because I can see issues further down
         | the line than most. I'm still subject to garbage-in-garbage-
         | out, but it's still something of a super-power.
         | 
         | I'm told I sort of gaze into the middle distance, and then I
         | blink, come back, and say something like "the fromble will
         | interact with the gizmo if the grabbet conflicts with the
         | womble during second-stage init when the moon is waning".
         | Someone goes off and writes a test and _almost_ all the time
         | (hey, I 'm human) I'm correct.
         | 
         | Mental modelling is what I gain from a lack of visualisation. I
         | think of it as literally building castles in the sky, except
         | the sky isn't spatial, it's relational.
        
           | lilyball wrote:
           | Thinking of relationships is exactly how I conceptualize what
           | I do too. I can manipulate geometric objects in my mind even
           | though I'm not seeing them, because I'm manipulating the
           | relationships between the objects (or between the
           | vertices/edges within an object).
           | 
           | The downside of this is all this modeling of relationships is
           | a lot to keep in my brain at once, so there is a limit to how
           | far I can push this.
           | 
           | That said, I've yet to encounter a situation where this is
           | actually any better than what my wife can do, who does have a
           | mind's eye (and is frighteningly good at tetris / packing).
           | The part you describe about seeing "boundary conditions"
           | sounds to me like what I do with seeing edge cases and
           | potential unwanted interactions in programming, which is
           | completely non-visual.
        
           | dalmo3 wrote:
           | > Mental modelling is what I gain from a lack of
           | visualisation.
           | 
           |  _From_ is a strong word. It sounds more likely you gain that
           | from having a very high IQ. But in a poetical sense yeah,
           | necessity begets use which begets development, and it 's
           | fascinating and inspiring that you were able to build your
           | life around that.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | > I have a whole stack of things to hang on my office wall, and
         | I can't even begin to do it because I can't lay them out
         | mentally
         | 
         | You don't have to lay them out mentally to organize them. Just
         | lay them out on the ground and rearrange until it's
         | satisfactory. If aphantasia is linked to other issues, they're
         | minor enough to have straightforward workarounds like this, and
         | no worse than being mildly forgetful or something. That's below
         | "disorder" threshold I'd say, which is why aphantasia has
         | basically gone undetected for so long.
        
           | lilyball wrote:
           | If I lay them out on the ground, I can't see how this
           | interacts with the furniture that's by the wall.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | So mark out the furniture outlines with masking tape on the
             | floor.
        
         | OvbiousError wrote:
         | As an aphant. I kinda think it made me better at
         | physics/mathematics. I also really like not having traumatizing
         | images stick around.
         | 
         | If I could choose I wouldn't get mental imagery, I'd rather
         | like to be non-aphant for taste. I do have "sound imaging" btw.
         | It's great to see more research into this, it can e.g. lead to
         | teaching/learning techniques that are more tailored to how ones
         | brain works.
        
           | dfan wrote:
           | Same here! I think whatever compensatory mechanisms I've come
           | up with turn out to be real advantages in some ways.
           | 
           | One interesting thing that I've found is that my approach to
           | physics and math problems is often extremely geometric. Even
           | if I don't visually look at things, I'm constantly
           | constructing objects in my head (e.g., graphs of functions)
           | and playing with them, although it's in more of a tactile
           | way. I'll immediately start thinking "what does this function
           | look like?" when my peers are more likely to start by pushing
           | symbols around.
        
       | galkk wrote:
       | I cannot see mental images and it never occurred to me until my
       | late 30s that things like "mental palace", "imagine yourself on a
       | beach", even kind of Feynman ball mean literal picture that
       | people kind of see in front of their eyes.
       | 
       | I was trying really hard to do mental imaginary techniques to
       | remember things in games (e.g. "imagine ikea shelf and put number
       | when the next item respawns in corresponding box") until I
       | realized that there is something wrong with me and the entire
       | premise.
       | 
       | For everyday life, I think that this is has some weight in the
       | fact that the docs that I'm writing usually text heavy and don't
       | have many illustrations/diagrams and I was/am solving spatial
       | puzzles kind of "analytically" in my head.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | This may not be for everyone, but I found it interesting:
       | 
       | https://aphantasia.com/article/stories/sex-and-aphantasia/
       | 
       | (mild nsfw warning)
        
       | hintymad wrote:
       | Just curious, doesn't it happen to everyone for certain
       | abstractions? When we study maths, our teachers encourage us to
       | "see" examples or geometric representations or simply some
       | abstract representations in our mind. Some people couldn't do so
       | at high-school level, some people couldn't do so at college
       | level. Those who can no matter what have a high chance of
       | becoming an accomplished mathematician or scientists, but even
       | for them they can't "see" mental images for every concepts no
       | matter how hard they try.
       | 
       | Similarly, someone couldn't see mental images for the things they
       | wanted to draw, and they were miserable in their arts class. I
       | certainly felt so.
        
         | corysama wrote:
         | As a coder who was reasonably good at math, I've always done
         | mental work by tracking the motion of objects in my head. Can't
         | see them. But, I know where I put them and how I want to
         | shuffle them around. Imaginary proprioception, I guess. Works
         | better for data structures and algorithms than for math.
        
       | boricj wrote:
       | I don't have aphantasia, my mind's eye is composited onto my
       | senses. Obviously I'm aware of what I'm consciously imagining,
       | but I've recently realized that I can't actually tell the
       | difference between imaginary and real sensory inputs. I'm
       | experiencing them the same way.
       | 
       | I'm wondering if aphantasia is merely the inability to induce
       | sensory hallucinations at will.
        
         | v64 wrote:
         | > I'm wondering if aphantasia is merely the inability to induce
         | sensory hallucinations at will.
         | 
         | I have aphantasia and this is how I'd define it for myself. I
         | have visual dreams and sometimes when I'm tired or on certain
         | drugs I experience visualizations, but not being able to call
         | these visualizations to mind deliberately I feel is what sets
         | my experience apart from others.
         | 
         | I only have visual aphantasia though and can imagine sounds in
         | my head quite well (with verification of this through being a
         | musician and being able to play by ear), so the effect is
         | definitely not universal and can be limited to certain senses.
        
         | OvbiousError wrote:
         | Sounds like hyperphantasia, so also a bit rare and on the
         | complete opposite side of the spectrum ;) Most people fall in
         | between the two extremes.
        
           | boricj wrote:
           | I do have a vivid imagination, but I was specifically
           | referring to the way it is subjectively experienced, not its
           | objective quality.
           | 
           | If I decide to play a song in my head, I know that it's not
           | real, but I don't _hear_ that it 's not real. Not because of
           | the quality of the rendition, but because it would be
           | indistinguishable to me from hearing an identical live
           | reproduction [1]. If I'm really tired and start having
           | sensory hallucinations, I don't know that they're not real
           | and I don't hear that they're not real.
           | 
           | Personally, after experimenting with it, I believe that when
           | I'm imagining sights or sounds, I'm actually self-inducing
           | sensory hallucinations. I can do it with other senses too,
           | but I have less practice with those. I don't _have to_
           | visualize in order to think or conceptualize [2].
           | 
           | All of that is what makes me think that aphantasia is the
           | inability to induce sensory hallucinations at will. Depending
           | on the person, it might be limited to one or more senses, the
           | quality might be limited by available bandwidth, but if it's
           | _visualized_ then it would not be distinguishable from an
           | equivalent sensory input. If it 's _conceptualized_ , then by
           | definition it's not a sensory input. Of course, I only have
           | my own subjective experience as a data point, so I don't
           | expect this to be an authoritative answer.
           | 
           | [1] Excluding other correlated stimuli, like feeling my
           | innards vibrating due to proximity to a speaker emitting a
           | loud base.
           | 
           | [2] I'll have to think and experiment on my own to quantify
           | this part. That being said, I haven't managed to read a
           | sentence without having a voice speaking out the words in my
           | head.
        
       | SirMaster wrote:
       | Best I can tell is that I think I have this. Or at least some
       | amount of it.
       | 
       | But I find it really hard to understand what people exactly mean
       | when they describe their visualization experience.
       | 
       | Like I definitely don't feel like I see anything if I close my
       | eyes and try to think of specific objects.
       | 
       | If I close my eyes and rub them I can see sorts of blobs and
       | sparkles that are usually white or a bit yellowish even though my
       | eyes are closed.
        
         | OvbiousError wrote:
         | The sparkles are real, so they don't count. And yes, most
         | people, when they count sheep, do this literally, i.e. imagine
         | a bunch of sheep and count them. I also can't do that, never
         | could. Realized my brain was different when I knew I couldn't
         | do the memory palace thing, even though I'm among the smarter
         | part of the population. /r/aphantasia has more info and other
         | aphants ;)
        
       | mk12 wrote:
       | I've never understood how people talk so objectively and
       | confidently about this. There are subjective things we'll never
       | able to compare, like whether your experience of red and green is
       | the same as mine or swapped. Then there are other things like
       | face blindness that have testable effects in the real world. When
       | one person says they see 80% clear mental pictures and another
       | person says 10%, how can we be so sure they aren't just
       | describing the same experience differently? I have no idea how I
       | could accurately report my experience of the apple test. I could
       | say I see it clearly or not at all depending on what you mean by
       | seeing.
       | 
       | EDIT: It also reminds me of the "inner monologue". I'm skeptical
       | when people confidently claim they have no inner monologue, as if
       | it's as easy to verify as being right-handed or left-handed. In
       | the context of meditation, it's common for people to confuse
       | "having no thoughts" with "thinking nonstop" -- it's not an easy
       | thing to understand about yourself, let alone claim how it
       | relates to other people's subjective experience.
        
         | galangalalgol wrote:
         | I think that means that you have aphantasia? I just asked my
         | wife if she can see the apple and she can, no doubts, she
         | pointed to it and asked what I meant, of course she could see
         | it, she was imagining it and that is what imagining means. I
         | feel like I'm missing out now, I kind of wish I hadn't read the
         | story now.
        
           | mk12 wrote:
           | If it means being able to hallucinate on command, i.e.
           | superimpose the apple in your view as if you were wearing AR
           | glasses, indistinguishable from a real apple apart from your
           | knowledge that it's fake -- then that's a much sharper test
           | and I can confidently say I can't do that. I'd be very
           | surprised if anyone told me they could do that. If it's more
           | of a separate mental plane rather than _really_ seeing it,
           | that 's where I think it gets tricky to agree we're
           | describing the same thing.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | > I have no idea how I could accurately report my experience of
         | the apple test. I could say I see it clearly or not at all
         | depending on what you mean by seeing.
         | 
         | Same on my end. As far as I'm concerned, I don't see an apple,
         | but basically just in the sense that I'm not hallucinating--
         | with my eyes open, there is no apple before me, and with my
         | eyes closed, there is no apple on the insides of my eyelids,
         | and I don't think that there is. I feel like I could answer
         | questions about the appearance of my imagined apple, but I
         | don't literally see it. But does that mean that I have
         | aphantasia? Since this seems to be the main diagnostic
         | instrument for a casual Googler, and since, as you say, there's
         | no way for me to understand whether or not other people
         | "really" see an apple, I have no idea.
         | 
         | (If people think that your point about never really knowing
         | what other people are seeing is merely academic or
         | philosophical, I'll mention that my mother went a long time
         | before getting her amblyopia treated because she assumed that's
         | what things looked like for everybody. Nothing in ordinary
         | conversation told her, or anyone else, that her vision was
         | different, and so no-one ever thought to test her for it.)
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | Right?
         | 
         | I literally don't believe that aphantasia meaningfully "exists"
         | given what we've learned about brains. I'm reminded of the
         | great article I saw about how "Your mind is not a computer?" No
         | one remembers "images" in the way a computer does, we
         | (re)construct them via association.
         | 
         | So I think our brains "remember" enough to do what it needs to
         | do and no more, and so called aphantasia people are perhaps
         | doing what subjectively feels like less reconstruction based on
         | what they read.
        
         | omgin wrote:
         | > how people talk so objectively and confidently about this
         | 
         | I can visualise things in my head exactly the same as someone
         | with their eyeballs removed can see real things.
         | 
         | I think that's relatively objective.
         | 
         | And I say this with confidence.
        
         | dfan wrote:
         | The thing that finally made me very confident that I had
         | aphantasia (back in 1998, before it was A Thing) is that I
         | realized that my ability to "hallucinate" sounds is excellent.
         | I can re-hear songs in my head, I can compose music and hear it
         | as I think about it, I can hear my friends and family talking
         | with their particular cadences and accents. I can't do anything
         | remotely like that with visual images. Before I had that
         | realization, I thought it was pretty possible that I was "just
         | describing the same experience differently".
        
           | gamerDude wrote:
           | Conversely, I discovered I had anauralia (finally got a name
           | for my inability to "hallucinate" sounds). I found it when I
           | was hosting a weekly event and meeting lots of people. And we
           | talked about senses and memory, etc. And one day I realized I
           | have no sounds in my memory, nor do I get songs stuck in my
           | head. I asked others and it was instantly clear they had a
           | different experience than mine.
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | We have algorithms that can hallucinate now.
             | 
             | LLMs basically are examples of how humans visualize things.
             | With a few differences. Humans have more fine grained
             | control over the result and understanding of a query. LLMs
             | have greater detail in the sense that the LLMs knows the
             | location of every wrinkle on a face while our imagination
             | delivers an approximation with detail only being rendered
             | if we decide to focus on the details.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | Memories are also highly fallible, there are many experiments
         | that prove people will rewrite what they did and why they did
         | it and believe the new version of reality fully.
         | 
         | I remember reading somewhere that consciousness is like a
         | public relations manager. It makes sense that highly social
         | creatures that will die if shunned by their tribe would have a
         | complex system for explaining their actions in the most
         | positive light possible.
        
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