[HN Gopher] Divers discover Roman mosaic
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       Divers discover Roman mosaic
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2024-07-30 16:46 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | golergka wrote:
       | > During the late Roman Empire, rulers like Julius Caesar
       | 
       | Caesar didn't rule in "late" Roman Empire -- in fact, he didn't
       | get to see the empire at all, since the first emperor was his
       | successor, Augustus.
        
         | d3w3y wrote:
         | These pop-sci and pop-history articles do things like this a
         | lot. Sometimes it feels like the days of reliable scientific
         | journalism are behind us.
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | The Smithsonian should be ashamed!
        
         | whoknowsidont wrote:
         | Augustus IS Julius Caesar, he quite literally inherited the
         | name (and all of his great uncle's property).
         | 
         | The full quote is this:
         | 
         | >During the late Roman Empire, rulers like Julius Caesar and
         | Nero owned homes in the town, which was known as a destination
         | that aristocrats flocked to for drinking, parties and general
         | hedonism.
         | 
         | Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (aka Octavian) not only gained his
         | great uncle's original property, but he invested quite heavily
         | into property and other public works in Baiae with other
         | emperors doing the same. Baiae was very much an "imperial city"
         | and it definitely kicked off with Octavian.
         | 
         | The city gained much of its notoriety (or negative connotation
         | for extravagance) as time went on.
         | 
         | And the sentence says "like", as in "hey reader, here are these
         | two pretty familiar names who are not only relevant to the city
         | itself, but also can give you an idea of the type of elite
         | class we're talking about." It's a pretty succinct way of
         | putting it and while reinforcing multiple points at once.
         | 
         | So it's not wrong. If you're going to be pedantic, at least be
         | correct.
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | Well, no. "Julius Caesar" with no other qualifier is Julius
           | Caesar, even if other rulers also used the name. Otherwise it
           | would be difficult to differentiate them.
        
             | whoknowsidont wrote:
             | Well yes, that's quite literally how it worked. When
             | Octavian was adopted he literally became Gaius Julius
             | Caesar and _technically_ lost the  "Octavianus" part of his
             | former name; roman names did not work like our modern day
             | names.
             | 
             | The article is well constructed for its intended audience
             | without getting into largely irrelevant details about the
             | story.
             | 
             | It's accurate and purposeful. It's certainly not incorrect
             | by any measure.
        
               | pegasus wrote:
               | That's how it worked _then_ (for Romans), but it 's not
               | how it works _now_. So when the writer refers to Julius
               | Caesar without any other qualifications, he refers to the
               | adoptive father of Octavian. It 's a minor nitpick
               | though, hardly worth bringing up, but it is correct.
               | 
               | edit: as someone else observed, none of these were part
               | of the _late_ Roman Empire. Octavian and Nero lived in
               | the early Roman Empire, and Caesar lived during the last
               | years of the Republic.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | >That's how it worked then (for Romans), but it's not how
               | it works now.
               | 
               | Unfortunately you don't get to flip a switch arbitrarily
               | and choose when to be pedantic to make an irrelevant
               | point.
               | 
               | >The article is well constructed for its intended
               | audience without getting into largely irrelevant details
               | about the story.
        
           | pjungwir wrote:
           | Nero isn't from the the late Roman Empire either.
        
             | netule wrote:
             | Exactly, and Augustus was the _first_ Roman emperor!
        
             | whoknowsidont wrote:
             | And you're reading a popsci article by a freelance
             | journalist. Stick to the actual important topic instead of
             | going "akschually" _WHILE_ being incorrect.
        
           | Thrymr wrote:
           | That's about as accurate as saying that John Adams and John
           | Quincy Adams were the same person rather than father and son.
        
             | whoknowsidont wrote:
             | They didn't have roman names.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Yeah, Caesar was just Caesar, the emperors from the dynasty he
         | founded continued to use his name, and then the emperors from
         | following dynasties "adopted" his name as a title
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title))
        
           | 8338550bff96 wrote:
           | Which is irrelevant when you explicitly name Julius Caesar.
           | 
           | Fun fact to whip out at parties but not applicable here
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | Yes! But the rest of the sentence is equally wrong:
         | 
         | > During the late Roman Empire, rulers like Julius Caesar _and
         | Nero_
         | 
         | Nero died in 68 AD: early Roman Empire. In fact he was only the
         | 5th Roman emperor.
        
         | Svip wrote:
         | Even if we'd argue that the Republic was an empire before it
         | was the Empire (which we probably should for other reasons),
         | Rome probably at the earliest became an empire in the 300s BCE
         | (and that is probably stretching it), and probably stretched to
         | the 400s CE (if we ignore the eastern half). But even by that
         | count, around 1 CE would at best be the "middle Roman Empire",
         | hardly late by any calculation.
        
         | sophacles wrote:
         | The Roman Empire is in fact dead. Much like the late Mark Twain
         | - rumors of both being dead in 2024 are in no way exagerated.
        
         | 8338550bff96 wrote:
         | I had to stop reading and double-check the source of the
         | article. Come on, Smithsonian...
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | Pretty cool find, though I'm not sure I'd describe it as
       | "mesmerizing."
        
         | webwielder2 wrote:
         | The algorithm gets bored, demands new forms of hyperbole in
         | headlines.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | I'm also not sure if I would describe it as a mosaic, but
         | Britannica disagrees with me (" _opus sectile_ , type of mosaic
         | work in which figural patterns are composed of pieces of stone
         | [...] cut in shapes to fit the component parts of the design"),
         | so I guess I have to defer to its opinion...
        
       | prometheus76 wrote:
       | I don't anything about "bradyseism", but I am having a hard time
       | wrapping my mind around it. From the article: "Due to bradyseism,
       | a geological phenomenon in which the ground sinks or rises due to
       | pressure changes under the earth's surface, the house ultimately
       | fell into the Gulf of Pozzuoli."
       | 
       | How would this happen in such a uniform way, such that the
       | precise configuration (and the flatness!) of the floor is
       | preserved? Wouldn't this have been an uneven process that would
       | have broken the floor apart?
       | 
       | It seems more plausible that this floor being underwater now is
       | the result of a rise in sea levels. Can a geologist explain how a
       | floor remains flat and a mosaic remains largely intact while
       | sinking into the ocean?
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyseism
         | 
         | Seems like a very slow process that happens on a wide scale and
         | deep underground.
        
           | bradrn wrote:
           | The key bit in that article is this:
           | 
           | > caused by the filling or emptying of an underground magma
           | chamber
           | 
           | In this case, the magma chamber underlies the entire area of
           | the Phlegraean Fields. As more or less magma enters the
           | chamber, the ground in the area slowly moves up or down.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | If you visit Mycenae in Greece, there are notes for visitors
         | there explaining why the Greeks built such a complex city in
         | that location, which seems to have no particular importance
         | today ... looking out from the city towards the sea is a large
         | flat plain. Apparently, when Mycenae was built, almost all of
         | that plain was underwater, and the city sat on the edge of the
         | ocean. Same process, only in this case, a slow, steady uplift
         | out of the sea rather than a descent into it.
        
         | badcppdev wrote:
         | I think you could watch some of the youtube videos the
         | Professor Shawn Willsey has posted about the Icelandic volcanic
         | activity over the last 6 months. As well as lots of cool stuff
         | about the actual volcanoes and lava floes there is a lot of
         | information about the magma chamber underneath the peninsula
         | that is filling up and raising the land in a very measurable
         | way. That's over a time scale of months. I think you'll see
         | it's very plausible that over decades and centuries the level
         | of land can change dramatically with respect to a the local
         | 'base' level.
        
           | prometheus76 wrote:
           | I understand that land can change levels over time due to
           | magma. What is harder for me to understand is land doing so
           | in a uniform way that maintains a flat floor and leaving
           | intricate mosaic patterns intact. Especially when you take
           | into account the earthquakes that would also be a part of a
           | magma shift like that.
           | 
           | It's obviously possible, but hard to understand how the
           | tensions would be spread evenly as the level raised up and
           | down.
        
             | mbreese wrote:
             | I know nothing about this specifically. To me, it makes
             | sense if you think about just how big these fields are and
             | how slow of a process it is. Changes that take place slowly
             | over a large area are more likely to cause shifts that seem
             | relatively flat at the scale of a house. Another way to say
             | it: at the geologic scale, a tile mosaic may as well be a
             | point on a plane. Unless there is a fault line at that
             | exact position, I can see how the area would move up and
             | down relatively uniformly.
             | 
             | What I'd like to know is how long of a process was it
             | really to lose a city into the bay. It would have happened
             | while people were around, so is there some kind of
             | historical record?
        
         | 2dvisio wrote:
         | Most likely raise of sea level? Anecdotally, I am originally
         | from the south of Italy and at different stages both my father
         | and grandfather mentioned to me that the seashore was much
         | further away than the current one with the one my father
         | recalled midway between the one my grand father remembered and
         | the one we have now.
        
         | Alupis wrote:
         | > It seems more plausible that this floor being underwater now
         | is the result of a rise in sea levels
         | 
         | Ah yes, the "it must be climate change" response. We've been
         | "boogey booed" into thinking that is the _first and most likely
         | cause_ any time we see an environment change... to the point
         | where some people are unwilling or unable to accept the world
         | is a constantly changing environment, even without human
         | intervention.
         | 
         | Is it really hard to believe if a significant sized piece of
         | land sinks, that things on top might just sink in-place too?
         | You can look at concrete pads and foundations to see this in
         | practice every day. We can also see more sudden and dramatic
         | examples with sinkholes (caused by underground erosion of
         | limestone and similar).
        
       | tristramb wrote:
       | The outline of the submerged Roman port is visible on Google
       | maps:
       | https://www.google.com/maps/@40.8286245,14.0999983,1769m/dat...
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | There were some cool mosaics we saw last summer in Ostia Antica.
       | I can't recommend that place enough. Where Rome is crowded and
       | super busy, Ostia Antica was relatively calm and low-stress. We
       | had plenty of time to wander around and check out all the things.
       | 
       | Most importantly though, since the city was abandoned at roughly
       | the same time, it's still an intact city, so you see how
       | everything was connected, rather than just a ruin here and a
       | temple there. You see it as a complete entity.
        
         | lubujackson wrote:
         | I also recommend Ostia Antica. I think it was an easy 1 hour
         | bus ride from downtown. It is a full port city, 1 mile long.
         | You get a map and full reign to wander around it and explore
         | the ruins, including the very cool public bath mosaic. Most of
         | the time, we were the only ones in eyesight, so you really feel
         | like you have the entire ruins to yourself.
        
           | omnibrain wrote:
           | > I think it was an easy 1 hour bus ride from downtown.
           | 
           | You can also take the Roma-Lido train. It's a quicker ride
           | and more comfortable than a bus.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | This seems to be the case a lot of places that're dense with
         | cool natural or historical sites. The most-famous sites are so
         | crowded they're hard to enjoy, while less-famous sites 80-120%
         | as good have almost nobody at them (relatively speaking) so are
         | actually way better to visit, even if they're _per se_ a little
         | less impressive or important.
        
       | DoneWithAllThat wrote:
       | Slightly off topic but that site is everything that is wrong with
       | mobile websites. Incredibly short snippets of text intercut with
       | ad after ad, the ads pop in late making the text jump around, a
       | pop up asking me to sign up for some stupid thing, and finally
       | less than thirty seconds into reading it the page is obscured by
       | some loading spinner that I do not have time to wait for so I
       | navigate away. How stupid this all is.
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | You username is relevant.-
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Your criticism is probably correct, but thanks to ad blockers
         | I'm not seeing any of it.
        
       | replete wrote:
       | All I wanted to know in that article was the depth and distance
       | to shore
        
       | mystified5016 wrote:
       | I know there are perfectly reasonable explanations, but I still
       | find it fascinating and slightly mysterious that so many Roman
       | structures are buried underground and/or underwater.
       | 
       | It's crazy to think that there's a whole geologic strata of Roman
       | artifacts.
        
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