[HN Gopher] Is a 'slow' swimming pool impeding world records?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is a 'slow' swimming pool impeding world records?
        
       Author : phkx
       Score  : 88 points
       Date   : 2024-07-30 10:49 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sports.yahoo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sports.yahoo.com)
        
       | samldev wrote:
       | I was a college swimmer, qualified for Olympic Trials in 2012 and
       | 2016. There are absolutely slow and fast pools. It basically
       | comes down to two things:
       | 
       | 1. The depth - which is only 7ft in Paris, unusually shallow for
       | a competition pool.
       | 
       | 2. The sides. Does the water spill over the sides into the
       | gutters, or smash into a wall and bounce back, creating more
       | chop.
       | 
       | A trained eye can see all the swimmers in Paris struggling in
       | their last 10-20 meters (heck, an untrained eye can spot some of
       | these). Bummer that it makes the meet feel slow but at least it
       | generally affects all the swimmers equally
        
         | davidmurdoch wrote:
         | To a lesser effect, there's also the surface tension of the
         | water, which can be adjusted with salt and borates.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Density and viscosity must also play a role, or are those
           | managed via temperature control?
        
             | davidmurdoch wrote:
             | Seems very plausible. I haven't noticed a speed difference
             | in my own pool with temperature changes, but that might
             | just be because the temperature itself can be so
             | distracting. But I do feel like a salty pool makes me
             | faster (maybe from buoyancy), and borates makes the water
             | feel smoother and less "sticky" (something about surface
             | tension changes with borates, it even makes the surface
             | look different).
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Oh and of course the cooling effect. That's a factor for
               | long distances especially if the water is too warm.
        
         | mysterydip wrote:
         | Would the swimmers in the center lanes have any advantage by
         | being furthest away from the wall-induced chop?
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | Supposedly, that's why the fastest qualifiers get the middle
           | lanes.
        
           | jschulenklopper wrote:
           | And having a better view on the competition in the
           | neighboring lanes (just like in track running). There's even
           | some applied psychology here, that competing swimmers 'push'
           | each other to higher speeds because they can see each other
           | more clearly (and 'feel' the push from someone just lagging).
           | 
           | Putting the faster qualifiers in the middle lanes is also a
           | better view for the spectators on both sides of the pool.
        
             | iknowSFR wrote:
             | Interesting to see the 400m and 200m track and field
             | athletes starting to favor outside lanes.
        
           | johnp314 wrote:
           | It would be interesting to see a comparison of lane effect,
           | say for instance, re-running a race after let's say a weeks
           | rest with the top finishers now nearest the side walls and
           | the lowest finishers in the center lanes. Oh and for
           | incentive, let's say the average of their two times
           | determines the winners.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | The human factor would make this very difficult. A more
             | scientific test might be to use RC boats with tightly
             | regulated power outputs, with a wave machine to ensure
             | consistency.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | Random assignment should make it easy to detect,
               | depending on the size of the effect
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | Yes, those on the outside will have choppier waters as the
           | water bounces off the sides of the pools. The modern
           | competition pools do a pretty good job of reducing this
           | effect, but it is always there.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Could probably increase fairness by doubling the width and
             | throwing away the last few lanes (leaving them empty). But
             | would that incentivize the edges? I don't know.
        
               | elevaet wrote:
               | They put the most favoured (by entry times or heat
               | results) swimmers in the center lanes, slower ones out
               | from there. You've probably noticed that you usually see
               | the race leaders in the middle, and you hardly ever see
               | the edges winning.
               | 
               | In cases where there are less swimmers than lanes, they
               | leave the edge lanes empty.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | It's not supposed to be fair (as in equal) though, lane
               | assignment goes inside-to-out based on qualifying times.
               | The easiest way to avoid the chop is to get out in front
               | and stay there.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Makes sense.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | They do throw away one lane on each side already, FYI (in
               | addition to positioning competitors to minimize influence
               | on results, as others discussed)
        
         | umanwizard wrote:
         | Why does it matter how deep the pool is?
         | 
         | Edit: the article addresses this, so if anyone else is curious
         | like I was, I suggest clicking.
        
           | creshal wrote:
           | Because it means waves bounce off the bottom faster (less
           | distance travelled) and much more importantly, with far more
           | energy (square cube law works against you). So the waters far
           | more choppy far faster, since you have 50% less water volume
           | to absorb all the energy.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Edge effects affecting the flow field around the swimmer. I
           | suppose the floor might trap turbulence near the surface
           | rather than dissipating into the depths.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | If it's too shallow the swimmers arms hit the bottom ...
           | 
           | Slightly deeper and there's drag from the floor as their arms
           | barely miss it. That effect persists until it doesn't .. now
           | it's deep enough.
           | 
           | It needs to be deep enough that vortex's created by swimmers
           | have disapated by the time they reach bottom and reflect back
           | to the surface so as to not interfere with following swimmers
           | or swimmers returning.
        
             | sshine wrote:
             | > _If it 's too shallow the swimmers arms hit the bottom_
             | 
             | Is it's deep enough, the gravitational mass of the water
             | will form a black hole and squash the swimmer to death.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Big whorls have little whorls         Which feed on their
               | velocity,         And little whorls have lesser whorls
               | And so on to viscosity.
               | 
               | ~ Lewis Fry Richardson                   and then to an
               | event horizon.
               | 
               | ~ sshine
        
         | croes wrote:
         | >A lot of this is perception vs. reality," he said. "If you
         | were to talk to many very accomplished coaches, they would say
         | the pool has to be a minimum 3 meters deep. Most of our
         | research shows that anything over 2 meters is frivolous. ...
         | Obviously, some depth is very important. But after a certain
         | point, it's diminishing return.
         | 
         | Maybe it's just the swimmers and not the pool as such
        
           | lou1306 wrote:
           | But a lot of the swimmers themselves are not able to go
           | anywhere near their personal bests: this is a sharp reversal
           | from past Olympics, where many athletes reached new personal
           | records.
           | 
           | Plus, _they_ are the worldwide foremost experts on
           | competitive swimming. Definitely I would be more interested
           | in _their_ evaluation of a swimming pool rather than trust
           | "research results" from the company that built the pool in
           | question.
        
             | echoangle wrote:
             | Being good at swimming doesn't mean you can evaluate the
             | pool performance better than everyone else. I trust someone
             | running a CFD analysis of a pool more than a competitive
             | Olympic swimmer when it comes to the effect of pool depth.
             | It's very hard to make accurate statistical assessments
             | from intuition.
             | 
             | Edit: maybe I'm not making myself clear:
             | 
             | I don't doubt they are slower in the current pool than they
             | were before. But I doubt they can accurately tell you that
             | it's because of the pool depth. There are other factors
             | that could also influence the performance, and I'm not sure
             | the swimmers can accurately determine which factor is the
             | primary difference.
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | Even CFD analysis is a _model_ though, with all that
               | implies.
               | 
               | Would a large, blind empirical study be more trustworthy?
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Only if the depth is the only variable that's changed.
               | You can't just use two entirely different pools at
               | different times and locations and conclude that the depth
               | is the reason for different performance.
        
               | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
               | Yes and no. The empirical study could identify
               | correlations and the strength of those correlations, but
               | does nothing to say _why_ they are correlated (maybe just
               | spurious). But a CFD analysis may give you insight into
               | what may be happening to cause the issue, which can then
               | lead to a hypothesis that can then be tested further. All
               | models are wrong, but some are useful.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | You don't necessarily need to do an in depth study of the
               | pool when every Olympic swimmer in it fails to meet their
               | own personal records. A study may be useful to understand
               | why depth still matters beyond the 2m point, but a study
               | isn't needed to show that swimmer performance is
               | impacted.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Or maybe there's something else going on? There are a lot
               | of other variables in a pool except depth, no? Maybe
               | water tension, density, viscosity? Someone else mentioned
               | the walls of the pool also influencing the wave
               | properties in the pool. Just noticing the pool being more
               | shallow and people swimming slower doesn't mean that's
               | the reason.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Rereading your last comment and I think I just
               | misunderstood it, sorry! I first read it as saying a
               | study would be needed to know if something about the pool
               | was anything them down, but you were still specifically
               | talking about whether the depth is the issue.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Yes, I think a lot of people misunderstood the point, I'm
               | ESL so maybe i didn't write it up properly. I was just
               | talking about the effect of pool depth, not doubting that
               | something is different this time.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | For what it's worth, my misunderstanding wasn't actually
               | due to your message at all. I simply focused on the first
               | sentance and lost the next sentance that tied it back to
               | pool depth.
               | 
               | Your English is actually very, very good! I wouldn't have
               | guessed that it is a second language for you.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | So to be clear, you have no idea, you just insist on
               | discounting the experiences of the swimmers because you
               | can?
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | I misread the earlier posts here when I started dow this
               | comment path, but I actually agree with them. There seems
               | great evidence, including the swimmers', experience to
               | say that something about the pool slows them down. It
               | seems less clear that the depth is the issue, it could be
               | something else or a combination of factors related to the
               | pool that cause it.
        
               | mmmrtl wrote:
               | Explain to us how water "tension", density, and viscosity
               | are variables that would change? It's just water, and
               | temperature is set at ~25 C. The shape of the pool and
               | gutter setup are the only major factors at play, assuming
               | the filtration system isn't causing major currents.
        
               | ff317 wrote:
               | Yeah but it's not just "water", as in plain H2O. All
               | water has different things dissolved or mixed into it. In
               | pools there's commonly several chemicals added to that
               | water: to correct the pH for humans, to sanitize, control
               | corrosion of metal, avoid calcium deposits on other
               | surfaces, etc. It's entirely possible that the additives
               | in the water could be way off of normal and somehow
               | affect things like viscosity or surface tension.
        
               | throwaheyy wrote:
               | No, it isn't.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | While part of it may be true. The athletes who spend
               | 1000s of hours can probably intuit something being
               | different.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | The can maybe intuit being slower, but I doubt they can
               | accurately tell you that it's because of a different
               | pools depth. There are a lot of other variables that
               | could be the reason.
        
               | AnthonBerg wrote:
               | Do you have links available to any peer-reviewed
               | scientific literature on which you base your theory that
               | - just to make sure we're on the same page -- the theory
               | that it is difficult to the point of impossibility for
               | people to correctly ascertain that the depth and
               | construction of the pool they swim in has no effect on
               | their swimming dynamics, efficiency, and competitive
               | performance?
        
               | Xcelerate wrote:
               | I trust the swimmers' intuition far more than an ad-hoc
               | CFD analysis. Plus the shape of the pool itself isn't
               | necessarily the only variable that might be affecting the
               | race times.
               | 
               | The gold standard would be an empirical randomized
               | controlled trial to compare two pools, assuming you could
               | hide "which pool" from the participants.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | I don't doubt that they are slower, I doubt that it's the
               | pool depth. To be more accurate, i have no idea if it the
               | pool depth, but a swimmer saying that it is doesn't tell
               | me a lot. I'm not sure if the intuition of a swimmer can
               | differentiate between the pool depth effect and other
               | effects that could influence performance. I don't doubt
               | that something is making them slower, but i don't believe
               | it's pool depth until there's better evidence.
        
               | fullspectrumdev wrote:
               | I was always told that CFD is not a substitute for
               | "actually going and testing".
               | 
               | It will get you a fair amount of the way there, but at
               | some point you have to go and actually do the thing to
               | validate your model.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Competitive Olympic swimmers in G20 countries aren't
               | always rocket scientists and brain surgeons ... _BUT_ ..
               | thay _are_ frequently coached by teams that include
               | leading sports scientists with degrees in fluid dynamics
               | | applied mathematics | etc.
               | 
               | Australia, as one example, took swimming (and a few other
               | sports) next level with a plethora of studies on all
               | things performance related.
               | 
               | Any theorectical results from, say, CFD, would be
               | parallel tested in real conditions and|or modelled in a
               | scale pool (like a wind tunnel for water).
               | 
               | Those who competed at that level in sport in the larger
               | countries almost certainly heard first hand bleeding edge
               | results from cutting edge sport science.
        
               | Kon-Peki wrote:
               | The powerhouse swimming nations (USA, China, Australia,
               | Canada, UK, etc) are so far ahead of everyone else it
               | isn't even close anymore.
               | 
               | My niece was not fast enough to be invited to the trials
               | this year (missed by .03 seconds in her favorite event),
               | but her time would have put her into the second heat in
               | Paris. She's the ~150th fastest person in the USA, but
               | would have come in ~25th place in the Olympics. It's the
               | same situation in China, Australia, Canada, UK, etc.
               | 
               | Most countries only have a small handful of elite
               | swimmers. The power nations can _each_ provide 20-50
               | swimmers fast enough to get to the semi-finals in every
               | single event. They 're analyzing and optimizing for
               | _everything_. This is why most of the elite swimmers not
               | from these countries go and train in the powerhouse
               | countries. And why the powerhouse countries don 't care
               | that they do. I'd bet that 90% of all the medal winners
               | this year do their training in 5 countries.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | If she's likely to continue to be fast again in 4 years,
               | it might be time to venue shop her team? Have any
               | connection to other countries not in the top? Even if
               | not, 4 years might be enough time to develop a
               | connection. Being 25th in the Olympics is way cooler than
               | being 150th in the USA, even if they're objectively the
               | same speed. Also, you may need to adjust her speed if the
               | Olympics pool is slower than the trials speed; but still
               | it's way cooler to be any place in the Olympics than
               | 150th faster in the USA --- maybe unless you're in the
               | know for swimming.
               | 
               | Venue shopping might feel ick, but I don't think it's too
               | bad if you're in the competitive envelope, as opposed to
               | what's perhaps a tradition of less then competitive
               | entrants in some events.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Feels like you're missing a variable here. If your nieces
               | time in a fast pool would be 25th in Paris, that means
               | her time in Paris will be slower than that, because now
               | she's in the slow pool, right?
        
               | MrPatan wrote:
               | Intuition forms because it works. When it doesn't it's
               | remarkable to the point of writing books and movies about
               | it.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Intuition is a heuristic that lets you form decisions
               | fast without a lot of effort. But I wouldn't say having a
               | wrong intuition is that uncommon that I would write a
               | book every time I had a wrong intuition. I have
               | intuitions all the time about stuff and when I check, it
               | turns out I was wrong. That's also why I wouldn't make
               | important decisions based purely on intuition. Intuitions
               | form because sometimes, you need quick decisions and it's
               | better to do something wrong some of the time than take
               | longer to make a better decision.
        
               | Rayhem wrote:
               | When it works we call it intuition. When it doesn't we
               | call it superstition. There are all sorts of availability
               | biases at work here; none of which really support the use
               | of intuition as a valuable, _predictive_ resource. After
               | all, if your intuition fails to predict something, there
               | must be some lurking variable somewhere that you failed
               | to account for. Not that the intuition is wrong  /s.
        
               | lou1306 wrote:
               | Sure, it is not _necessarily_ the pool depth. But that is
               | almost surely the one factor that deviates the most from
               | the  "average". Paris is 50-100m above sea level which is
               | pretty unremarkable gravity- and pressure- wise. Its
               | water is unlikely to be macroscopically different from
               | that of other French or Western European cities.
               | 
               | I am aware the above may be proportionality bias, but at
               | the same time there is some kind of "reverse
               | proportionality bias" at play here: the assumption that
               | since the effect of a shallow pool are too small, they
               | can't significantly affect the athletes. Human behaviours
               | are very nonlinear, and even very small sensory inputs
               | may very well "throw off" an experienced swimmer.
        
               | sdwr wrote:
               | I trust someone who's life is getting that 2/10 of a
               | second to know when the 2/10 of a second is impeded.
               | 
               | The how can be argued
        
               | tanewishly wrote:
               | A CFD analysis is based on a model - an abstraction of
               | reality. If the CFD analysis found everything is okay,
               | yet reality shows it isn't, I wouldn't trust the
               | competency of the person behind the analysis.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | But CFD didn't say that everything is ok, it said that
               | pool depth has a very small effect. So either CFD is
               | wrong or something else is wrong with the pool that's not
               | depth.
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | > they are the worldwide foremost experts on competitive
             | swimming
             | 
             | On swimming, sure. But not fluid dynamics. It's a bit like
             | music listeners shouldn't be treated as experts on music
             | quality, or you'll get the audiophile nuts who need gold
             | connectors. Some combination of personal experience for
             | comfort and objective measurements for performance would be
             | much better.
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | It's strange that you would pick on gold connectors. Gold
               | is an excellent conductor and does not corrode in air, so
               | it makes a great plating material. In the quantities
               | needed for plating, it's not too expensive, either.
               | 
               | Silver corrodes relatively quickly and is expensive;
               | that's a bad tradeoff against copper, which is much
               | cheaper and nearly as conductive. So: gold-plated
               | connectors on copper wires are extremely common.
               | 
               | None of that makes an audible difference, as it turns
               | out: humans can't tell the difference between silver,
               | copper, gold, aluminum, or even iron wires at audio
               | frequencies and realistic (sub-kilometer) lengths with
               | comparable resistance. All the advantages are material
               | costs vs longevity without maintenance.
               | 
               | Also, most music listeners are not experts on music
               | quality or sound reproduction quality (two very different
               | things). Many music listeners are experts on their own
               | preferences. Everyone is entitled to their own
               | preferences.
        
               | teddyh wrote:
               | > _Gold is an excellent conductor_
               | 
               | Actually, gold is a worse conductor than both copper and
               | silver, and only a little better than aluminum.
               | 
               | > _and does not corrode in air_
               | 
               | This is the _real_ reason for _plating contacts_ in gold.
               | But gold _wires_ would be a bad idea, since they would be
               | worse than both copper and silver wires.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | Parent didn't say gold was a better conductor than silver
               | or copper though. How does gold compare to copper- or
               | silver oxide? Which was the point parent was making.
        
               | teddyh wrote:
               | The text was unclear; perhaps they did not believe that
               | gold is a superior conductor to copper and silver. But in
               | my experience, many people _do_ think that, and I thought
               | it would be useful to point out that this is not true.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | Picking on it exactly because there's no difference in
               | sound, but the extreme audiophiles will claim they hear
               | it anyway. https://ventiontech.com/products/toslink-to-
               | mini-toslink-opt... - "gold-plated connectors resist
               | corrosion for optimal signal transfer over time." - it's
               | an optical cable!
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | There is an audible difference after being in a high temp
               | high humidity environment for 5 years :)
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Have you tried not listening to music underwater??
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | Under _boiling_ water. He did mention high temperatures
               | as well as humidity, after all.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | Audible difference from _an OPTICAL cable_ not corroding
               | at ends? One where the gold plated parts are only the
               | frame that holds it in the socket?
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > It's strange that you would pick on gold connectors.
               | Gold is an excellent conductor and does not corrode in
               | air, so it makes a great plating material. In the
               | quantities needed for plating, it's not too expensive,
               | either.
               | 
               | It's not strange at all. Gold plating improving quality
               | sounds truthy but is absolutely false. I have yet to read
               | a serious study, at least single blind, showing any
               | meaningful difference. And I have yet to read a serious
               | engineering study showing any meaningful difference in
               | characteristics. Steel plated jacks are just fine, and
               | optical connectors make the whole thing irrelevant. As
               | you write yourself:
               | 
               | > None of that makes an audible difference, as it turns
               | out
               | 
               | > Also, most music listeners are not experts on music
               | quality or sound reproduction quality (two very different
               | things). Many music listeners are experts on their own
               | preferences. Everyone is entitled to their own
               | preferences.
               | 
               | Indeed. But their preference have no effect on Physics.
               | If they are happy to get gold-plated ruthenium cables
               | with diamond coatings, more power to them. It does not
               | make these cables any better.
               | 
               | Theo are entitled to their own preferences, not their own
               | reality.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | Maybe they all change their behavior because they know the
             | pool is less deep as they are used to.
             | 
             | Some kind of placebo effect or fear of coming to close to
             | the ground.
             | 
             | Many athletes are superstitious.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | There's Olympic gold medals on the line.
               | 
               | People are going absolutely as hard as they can.
               | 
               | There's no way an Olympic pool for the actual Olympics
               | should be that shallow. If athletes prefer a deep pool,
               | the pool should be deep.
               | 
               | Swimming is one of the premier sports at Olympics. It's
               | also a facility that has one of the most reuse if built
               | properly.
               | 
               | You don't think a Paris aquatic center wouldn't get tons
               | of reuse in world championships and other types of top
               | end level events if they'd built a fast pool
               | 
               | It's a mystifying decision. Especially since one of the
               | standout athletes on the French Olympic team is a
               | swimmer, and it appears that their decision now cheap out
               | on the pool cost him a world record on the Olympic stage
               | on his home soil
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | > People are going absolutely as hard as they can.
               | 
               | Not necessarily. If they think the pool is slower,
               | they'll think they will have to swim for a bit longer,
               | and may (possibly subconsciously) adjust their power
               | output to allow for having something left when they have
               | swum for as long as they think it would take them in a
               | fast pool.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | In fact a lot of the upcoming olympics specifically don't
               | have as much new construction because of the white
               | elephant criticisms of the Olympics leading to most
               | developed host candidates declining and/or having hosting
               | referenda rejected.
               | 
               | The Athens 2004 and Rio 2016 venues in particular are not
               | doing very well post-Games.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | Placebo or fear can absolutely be a possibility
               | regardless of how badly they want to do well because it's
               | the Olympics.
               | 
               | Firstly, if a swimmer were to wrongly worry about hitting
               | the floor even if there is 0% that any of their races
               | ever saw them go as low as this floor, it could be in the
               | back of their mind that going as low as they usually do
               | might cause them problems and therefore seem logical to
               | avoid.
               | 
               | Secondly, humans are not perfectly rational machines.
               | Many a football (soccer for any Americans) player has
               | come back from a nasty injury and found themselves unable
               | to play as boldly as they used to, even though the odds
               | of getting injured haven't changed just their perception
               | of it.
               | 
               | I do agree that if the athletes feel it's needed then
               | they should be listened to, just explaining that it's
               | possible for both things to be true, that the depth
               | doesn't create any physical problems yet still lead to
               | changed behaviour from the swimmers.
        
               | RaftPeople wrote:
               | > _Placebo or fear can absolutely be a possibility
               | regardless of how badly they want to do well because it
               | 's the Olympics._
               | 
               | But it seems unlikely all swimmers would be impacted
               | equally by psychological effects. Some thrive some
               | wither, lots of variation.
        
               | stingrae wrote:
               | > It's also a facility that has one of the most reuse if
               | built properly. You don't think a Paris aquatic center
               | wouldn't get tons of reuse in world championships and
               | other types of top end level events if they'd built a
               | fast pool
               | 
               | They didn't build a dedicated aquatic center. "The pool
               | here in suburban Paris -- a temporary vessel plopped into
               | a rugby stadium"
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | So you agree they cheaped out?
               | 
               | Paris allegedly spend 1.5 billion to clean up the Seine
               | presumably for fringe events like open water swimming and
               | triathlon.
               | 
               | Again: premier top-of-program sport in Olympics
               | primetime. All they had to do was dig a hole in a rugby
               | field.
        
               | beAbU wrote:
               | The pool is a temporary structure, La Defence is a multi
               | purpose venue. The pool is literally a tub on top of a
               | rugby field.
               | 
               | Perhaps this is why its shallower than normal.
        
               | ben7799 wrote:
               | I had read in one of the other articles about this issue
               | that you are correct, that is exactly why the pool is
               | shallower than usual.
               | 
               | The building was going to need structural modifications
               | to make the pool standard depth.
        
               | Kon-Peki wrote:
               | All major competitions will be in temporary pools from
               | now on. It's a major spectator sport with growing
               | popularity, but as seen in 2008, 2012, 2016, etc purpose-
               | built facilities for that crowd size are failures.
               | 
               | Paris is swimming in a rugby stadium. It is loud and
               | exciting. The US trials this year were in a temporary
               | pool at the NFL stadium in Indianapolis with 60,000 seats
               | filled! LA 2028 has already announced that they will be
               | using a temporary pool in an NFL stadium and will have
               | 38,000 seats. Brisbane 2032 hasn't said anything as far
               | as I've heard, but you can bet that's also what they will
               | do.
               | 
               | Edit - I was wrong about LA swimming capacity. It is
               | going to be at the NFL stadium in Inglewood, but as of
               | now they are only aiming for 38,000 seats
        
               | bregma wrote:
               | > There's Olympic gold medals on the line. People are
               | going absolutely as hard as they can.
               | 
               | They don't have to outswim the bear. They just have to
               | outswim the silver medalist.
        
               | duggan wrote:
               | As much as it's about winning the medals, this is about
               | setting personal and world records, too.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Regardless, they have to make do with what they have.
               | Nobody is moaning that the weather affects triathlon
               | timings.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | When you measure human performance, placebo matters.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | Considering touching the bottom results in
               | disqualification it isn't a superstitious fear.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | > Plus, _they_ are the worldwide foremost experts on
             | competitive swimming. Definitely I would be more interested
             | in _their_ evaluation of a swimming pool rather than trust
             | "research results" from the company that built the pool in
             | question.
             | 
             | But they are very prone to psychological effects.
        
           | Xcelerate wrote:
           | I doubt that. What is P(set of slower times across swimmers |
           | pool is not slower)? Seems like it wouldn't be too hard to
           | calculate if we make a few reasonable assumptions about
           | observational data.
           | 
           | And if you don't like inferring causation, one could just
           | directly perform an experiment to test this pool vs another
           | pool using swimmers who didn't quite make the Olympics.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | Notice the "most of..." and "diminishing returns". The
           | vagueness is doing a lot of heavy lifting in that statement.
           | Since world records are often broken by mere tenths or
           | hundredths of a second, I would think that an Olympic games
           | would err on the side of extra spending for exactly those
           | diminishing returns. The excitement and extra viewership from
           | having many new WRs would more than offset the added cost
           | anyway.
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | At the end of the article it notes thqt quote is coming from
           | the company who built the pool.
           | 
           | On some swimming forums competitors were complaining about
           | the bidding process for the pool construction and giving a
           | different opinion, noting that the depth is less than what
           | was recommended by international standards bodies. There's
           | also something about video equipment at the bottom of the
           | pool?
           | 
           | I'm not sure what to think, as there are things to consider
           | both ways, but there's a bit more out there than swimmers
           | versus pool officials.
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | The Olympic swimming is held in temporary pools in an
             | indoor arena. Temporary pools explain the shallow depth and
             | high walls. It isn't construction problem but decision to
             | not use permanent pool.
             | 
             | Temporary pools seem to be thing recently. The US trials
             | were held in one.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | You can set up a temporary pool in a huge venue such as a
               | football stadium and get higher attendance, or stated
               | differently, you can accomodate a one-time need for that
               | much spectator capacity for an event like the Olympics
               | when you will never need that again in the lifetime of
               | the facility.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Maybe not the same level of attendance, but you can build
               | a permanent pool with temporary stands for the Olympics,
               | and use the larger than necessary deck in other ways
               | after the Olympics.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | There are more things that influence if a pool is fast or
           | slow than just the depth.
           | 
           | How the pool gutters neutralizes or doesn't neutralize waves;
           | water temperature; the design of the lane lines; design of
           | the starting block; the electronic touch sensors(how hard are
           | they - do you get a good solid feel for push off?); etc
           | 
           | Depth is probably only part of the reason the pool is slow.
           | It would be very unlikely everyone happens to be slow at the
           | Olympics this year.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | Perception is everything. If the pool 'feels fast', you'll
           | feel like you're on your way to your best, which is a huge
           | boost to your motivation. The converse is also true.
        
         | tweetle_beetle wrote:
         | I'm no expert, buy there also seems to be loads more stuff
         | lying on the bottom of the shallow floor than I remember from
         | previous Olympics. Not even sure exactly what it is - large
         | white panels and other equipment that the swimmers don't look
         | that far off touching when underwater (not the robot cameras
         | which are relatively unobtrusive).
        
           | ranie93 wrote:
           | digital lap counters to help the swimmers keep track
        
             | creaghpatr wrote:
             | Thats pretty nice, when I swam the 500 I would have to lift
             | my head to see the lap counter dropping the sign in the
             | pool which messes with your head position
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Dumb question I never thought about: do the
         | circulation/filtration pumps get turned off during races? And
         | for what minimum time before hand to let things settle?
         | 
         | If so, I guess this would be a serious competition only thing
         | because you wouldn't want them off for hours.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | They do, but circulation cannot be totally stopped. This is a
           | greater problem in outdoor pools but any pool will have some
           | sort of temperature gradient that will inevitably result in
           | circulation. Any water movement means slower times, at least
           | in those events longer than 50m (1 length).
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | I actually did a fairly lengthy research project on pretty much
         | exactly this as a physics undergraduate - I wasn't looking at
         | swimming specifically, but rather boundary separation and
         | Reynolds number in an open channel of varying depth.
         | 
         | The setup was simple - a constant head vessel to provide a
         | constant but adjustable flow of water in from one end, and a
         | little plastic boat sat in the middle of the channel, attached
         | to a force gauge at one end of the channel. The outflow of the
         | channel had a gate with an adjustable height in order to vary
         | the depth. Also, a couple of dye injectors at different heights
         | in the channel in order to see turbulent vs laminar flow.
         | 
         | The key finding was that at shallower depths, turbulent flow
         | began much more rapidly and resulted in erratic but overall
         | higher resistive forces on the boat. Deep water remained
         | laminar for much longer, and could flow much faster before
         | turning turbulent near the surface. This was the expected
         | result, but it was nice to experimentally prove it.
         | 
         | So in short, the pool depth almost certainly impacts the point
         | at which turbulence kicks in, and therefore athletic
         | performance. It's probably the dive/entry that is being most
         | impeded, as that's when the swimmer will largely be
         | experiencing laminar flow.
        
           | bjoli wrote:
           | Does it manifest directly? The water has had some time to
           | settle when they start.
        
             | madaxe_again wrote:
             | Yes. An object moving through water is more or less
             | equivalent to water moving around an object, and the moment
             | you cross a boundary condition, be it depth, velocity,
             | viscosity, the phase transition is instantaneous to all
             | intents and purposes.
             | 
             | I'd have entire days of experiments screwed up just by the
             | water being slightly too warm or cold, or there being dust,
             | or not enough dust, or sunshine, or... fluid dynamics are
             | finicky.
        
         | manojlds wrote:
         | Why doesn't it affect more the people closer to the sides?
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | this is the reason that the leftmost and rightmost lanes of
           | the pool aren't used for competition.
        
           | mb7733 wrote:
           | It does. This is why the fastest qualifiers get to swim in
           | the middle lanes.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | My untrained eye has noticed. But I also think it's not really
         | a big deal. There are so few events where the conditions are
         | exactly the same every 4 years. Just kinda the luck of the draw
         | if you happen to be competing in the most ideal conditions for
         | WR setting in any event
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | Also, the important bit is fairness for all competitors. As
           | the OP said, the same conditions affect everybody. I have
           | little sympathy for the (few) swimmers complaining. They are
           | not owed a world record and if they're that good, they're
           | going to get one anyway.
        
             | teractiveodular wrote:
             | Wouldn't the sides affect swimmers on the edge lanes next
             | to them more? And is this one reason why the strongest
             | swimmers are usually placed in the center lanes?
        
               | killingtime74 wrote:
               | From the races I saw they specifically had the edge lanes
               | (left most, right most) empty probably for this reason.
               | I.e. 8 out of 10 lanes are used. I think one of them did
               | have someone in one of those lanes because one of the
               | qualifying heats was a dead heat.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | > But I also think it's not really a big deal.
           | 
           | the difference of the resulting turbulence from the wave
           | bounced back from the bottom surface at 2m here and from the
           | more traditional 3m is a big deal. The water is pushed by the
           | swimmer's hands with the speed of something on the scale of 2
           | meters per second, so that turbulent movement of the water
           | reflected by the pool bottom may as well come behind legs in
           | the 3m depth case while in the 2m depth case it would
           | envelope the legs decreasing the efficiency of their
           | movement.
        
       | candlemas wrote:
       | The pool in Beijing was said to be fast (25 world records
       | broken). But they were also using a now banned swimsuit.
       | https://www.npr.org/2008/08/10/93478073/chinas-olympic-swimm...
        
         | 5555624 wrote:
         | But you don't need to compare these results to 2008. It's not
         | the suit. There wasn't a banned swimsuit used by everyone in
         | Tokyo three years ago. (The 2020 Olympics were postponed a
         | year.) As the first sentence of the article says, the eight men
         | in the men's 100-meter breaststroke final would have finished
         | no better than eighth in Tokyo. Mactinenghi won in 59.03
         | seconds, more than two seconds slower than the current world
         | record (and slower than the then-world record set at the 2008
         | Olympics).
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | >Could we have seen a sub-4 minute 400 IM by Marchand
       | 
       | Marchand beat the rest by more than 5 seconds in the end but
       | basically "gave up" after 300 meters. Shoulda coulda woulda but
       | he didn't need to push himself at all for the gold (his last
       | split was the 2nd worst against everyone else).
        
       | raspasov wrote:
       | Has anything in the drug testing changed that can affect
       | swimmers?
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | Russian imports/exports are much more restricted now than 4
         | years ago.
        
           | Cupprum wrote:
           | Did previously a lot of doping come russia? I am curious.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I hadn't really considered the energy bouncing off and
       | interfering swimmers. I was just imagining the plausibility given
       | the limited science I know about water flow in a stream and cross
       | sectionally how the furthest from edges (drag) will be fastest.
       | 
       | Which got me wondering if there's any detectable correlation on
       | record setting and what lane you're in (closer to the side of the
       | pool might be slower?)
        
       | lacoolj wrote:
       | So it's more shallow, which is a problem. Like if you trained for
       | track on pavement vs rubber vs sand, you're going to have
       | different results, even if "everyone has the same environment"
       | not everyone's body will have the same relative response. I don't
       | like that assumption that just because it's the same for everyone
       | means the difference will affect everyone the same.
       | 
       | Are France competition pools across the country just always that
       | shallow? What are dimensions of the pools from the past 10-15
       | Olympics? Should this have been an established standard? (gonna
       | say yes to that one)
        
         | p0ckets wrote:
         | "minimum standard of 2 meters that was still in place when
         | Paris 2024 plans were approved; but below the new World
         | Aquatics minimum of 2.5 meters."
         | 
         | Although the recommendation has been 3 meters for a while.
        
         | morepork wrote:
         | It's nowhere near the difference of a rubber all weather track
         | vs pavement or sand, it's a difference of maybe 1-2%. In any
         | sport different venues can have favourable vs unfavourable
         | conditions that would exceed this
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | a good tech talk about the venue & technology and it's impact on
       | olympic scores. tl;dr the surfaces and shoes likely account for
       | 95% of the record breaking
       | 
       | https://www.ted.com/talks/david_epstein_are_athletes_really_...
       | 
       | As with any tech talk, think critically. Athletes train more
       | vigorously, and have much better nutrition. Earlier athletes in
       | the Olympics and Tour de France drank alcohol and smoked during
       | performance.
       | 
       | It's still helpful to pay attention to the venues, like the
       | swimming pools, tracks , wrestling mats etc. My verdict is that
       | venue plays a big part, and records are not comparable from
       | different venues.
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | Well, if this is the case, then wouldn't a person who gets out to
       | an early start have a tremendous advantage over the rest of the
       | group since she'd be swimming largely without interference for
       | the first length of the race while the trailers would have more
       | turbulance? Also, I've never understood why there aren't more
       | standards for Olympic tracks / pools / gear. For example,
       | everyone should be required to train in and wear identical
       | apparel when in a timed event like swimming so that nobody gets a
       | technological advantage.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | ...would they all have to train the same, eat the same food,
         | etc?
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | Let's not be intentionally obtuse.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Identical apparel is a non-starter unless the athletes have
         | identical body shapes, or we're abandoning (US) broadcasting
         | rights to go Olympic Style.
        
       | f_allwein wrote:
       | What I remember from the London Olympics is that records don't
       | fall from the sky, but venues can be planned/ optimised for them.
       | Maybe this did not happen in Paris so much?
       | 
       | See this bit on the Velodrome in London:
       | https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/making-tracks-building-th...
        
         | morepork wrote:
         | In Paris they didn't want to build a white elephant swimming
         | venue that will never get filled outside of the Olympics. So
         | instead they converted an indoor stadium, the Paris La Defense
         | Arena that is normally used for rugby and concerts.
         | 
         | You can see in the timelapse video here[1] the pool being built
         | above the surface. They built it to a depth of 2.15m, the
         | minimum required is 2m, but the recommended depth is 3m.
         | 
         | I can only assume that making it deeper would have cost more,
         | and perhaps reduced the sightlines from the stands as the pool
         | would have been higher in the arena?
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/29555045/paris-2024-olympics-...
        
           | hnburnsy wrote:
           | Ummmm....
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Aquatic_Centre
        
             | morepork wrote:
             | "it is hosting the diving, water polo, and artistic
             | swimming competitions."
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | Paris La Defense Arena -- Aquatics (swimming, water polo
             | finals)
             | 
             | Paris Aquatic Centre -- Aquatics (water polo preliminaries,
             | diving, artistic swimming)
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | that has a seating capacity of 5000, which is a size that
             | can have future uses.
             | 
             | la defense arena has a capacity of 40000.
        
           | well_actulily wrote:
           | And similarly for Los Angeles, the current proposal is to
           | have swimming events at SoFi, a ~70,000 seat NFL stadium.
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | I wonder if there is some kind of mesh that you could put on the
       | bottom of the pool to absorb the interior waves. Sort of like
       | soundproofing in a recording studio.
        
       | beloch wrote:
       | If this is a "slow" pool, then should we toss world records from
       | "fast" pools? There are a lot of other events where factors
       | affecting performance aren't completely controlled. Perhaps
       | comparing records across different times and places is
       | meaningless.
        
         | BobAliceInATree wrote:
         | No, in the same way that all Marathon records are set in only a
         | few marathons which have very favorable conditions.
        
           | beloch wrote:
           | It's hard to control conditions for a Marathon, but what's to
           | stop some future Olympic host from intentionally creating the
           | fastest pool possible that wouldn't be objected to, just so
           | they could watch "their" Olympics break all the records?
        
             | bitmasher9 wrote:
             | Don't we want Olympic hosts to create optimal conditions
             | for athletes to demonstrate their skills?
        
             | mb7733 wrote:
             | That is exactly what happens almost every time... Just not
             | this time
        
       | MichaelBurjack wrote:
       | In addition to physical issues raised (7ft depth, configuration
       | of sides), I wonder if there might be any other reasons that
       | aren't mentioned at all in the article...
       | 
       | Something causing these elite athletes to be a bit off their
       | game? Whatever could it possibly be...
       | 
       | - https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/07/31/us...
       | 
       | - https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/team-gb-swimmer-m...
       | 
       | - https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/30/paris-...
       | 
       | - https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10061397
       | 
       | Yup, no idea. -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
         | khuey wrote:
         | That's not a very satisfying explanation because everyone seems
         | to be slow and it's pretty unlikely that everyone has COVID.
        
           | MichaelBurjack wrote:
           | Covid is a highly contagious virus that spreads and lingers
           | in the air, and we have athletes in close quarters without
           | any virus control procedures [1] (other than the Olympic
           | organizers providing hand sanitizer [2], which is an odd
           | choice for airborne virus prevention).
           | 
           | Given lack of testing and that many countries (including
           | European countries) are seeing Covid surges right now, I
           | think it's highly likely that most competitors are competing
           | with either current or recent Covid infections affecting
           | their peak performance capacity.
           | 
           | Edit: I wouldn't suggest it's the sole cause of performance
           | issues. But for an entire article on the topic of swim
           | performance to completely ignore multiple reports of viral
           | infection from top performers seems a glaring omission.
           | 
           | -----
           | 
           | 1: "The 29-year-old does not have to isolate from other
           | athletes and does not have to test negative before competing
           | again": https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40672610/oly
           | mpics-2...
           | 
           | 2: "For now, nothing has been put into place by the
           | organizing committee ... but hand sanitizer is available in
           | its clinics and restaurants.":
           | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2024-paris-olympics-covid-
           | cases...
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | Let's also not forget doping. Chinese swimmers noticeably
         | slower this year than last olympics in particular. Wonder why
         | that is?
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Feel like we should probably be looking deeper into the lack of
       | doping (be it Chinese or otherwise) as probably a bigger factor
       | here.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | Honestly, my first reaction was "oh, they just stopped doping."
       | 
       | Good thing there's credible explanations about the differences in
       | pools and how that effects swimming speed. Otherwise, I'd assume
       | that no one wanted to "'fess up" to prior doping.
        
       | jeppebemad wrote:
       | As a counterpoint to the Parisian pool being slow, China beat the
       | world record in 100m free 10 minutes ago.
        
         | elliottkember wrote:
         | That's not a counterpoint, it doesn't imply the pool is fast or
         | even normal. In a faster pool his time could've been even
         | lower.
        
       | matsemann wrote:
       | I'm fairly certain I read a thorough analysis linked on here a
       | few years ago, about how there was a kind of draft/current in the
       | pool used in the championship at the time. Some analysis
       | determining that certain lanes were favorable or not.
       | 
       | But unable to locate it. Fairly certain it was Barcelona.
        
       | jlarcombe wrote:
       | Finally an explanation for my hopelessness at childhood swimming
       | lessons. It was a slow pool!
        
       | notatoad wrote:
       | from the washington post version of this article, the winners are
       | slower but everybody else is faster...
       | 
       | >But the "slow pool" theory does not hold up as well when one
       | looks beyond the winning times. In fact, it appears a bit, ahem,
       | shallow.
       | 
       | >When you consider the times it has taken to earn a spot in the
       | finals in Paris -- which is to say, the eighth-place times from
       | either preliminary heats (in events 400 meters or longer) or
       | semifinals -- those times have been faster than in Fukuoka in 10
       | of the 12 events and faster than in Tokyo in five of 12. In the
       | women's 400 free, for example, it took a time of 4 minutes 3.83
       | seconds to make it into the final, faster than in Fukuoka
       | (4:04.98) or Tokyo (4:04.07).
       | 
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2024/07/30/pa...
        
       | jjulius wrote:
       | This is entirely just my own opinion...
       | 
       | I completely understand why you might not want a slow pool in a
       | competition like this, but the emphasis on it being "not ideal
       | for record setting" is weird to me. I guess I just don't
       | understand the constant quest to set better and better records.
       | Do we really always need to be hitting new world records? What's
       | the point of that, why does that need to be a thing? If records
       | like that are expected to be broken at every Olympics, what's the
       | point of striving to break them if they're just going to be
       | broken again?
       | 
       | Meh, I'll go back to yelling at clouds, I guess.
        
       | EternalFury wrote:
       | World records don't matter in the Olympics. Medals go to those
       | who show up and prevail.
        
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