[HN Gopher] Fake job interviews are securities fraud
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       Fake job interviews are securities fraud
        
       Author : ioblomov
       Score  : 124 points
       Date   : 2024-07-30 18:55 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | ioblomov wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/tkLtK
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | This is about Wells Fargo allegedly lying about pursuing
       | diversity in its security filings.
       | 
       | But I'm hearing more and more from friends on the tech interview
       | circuit about processes requiring, in essence, free consulting to
       | be done for a posting that remains listed and unfilled almost
       | indefinitely after the interview (and subsequent ghosting). My
       | hunch is these start-ups don't want to show an empty hiring
       | pipeline to investors. But if that's being pursued wilfully, it
       | seems to imply fraud.
        
         | timomaxgalvin wrote:
         | "My hunch is these start-ups don't want to show an empty hiring
         | pipeline to investors. "
         | 
         | Sounds very plausible, but why bother interviewing anyone?
        
           | scrame wrote:
           | because funding wants to go somewhere and headcount is an
           | easy earmark.
        
           | kevstev wrote:
           | Intelligence on what other firms are doing, even if you are
           | just getting a very high level view. Around 2009, I was
           | working at an algo trading startup, and long story short,
           | after having a previous company call me up after their non-
           | compete in a business ended, and in the process one of them
           | slipping in that they made like 4x what I was making at the
           | time, I decided to look around.
           | 
           | I got lots of bites on my resume! And I was called in for
           | lots of interviews. But they didn't really go anywhere,
           | despite me often feeling like I did well in them. It took me
           | a few months to realize that they were actually just hearing
           | some murmurs about what my company was doing and wanted to
           | learn more about it- we were approaching the problem in a
           | unique way for the time.
           | 
           | Even seemingly innocuous details can give away a lot about a
           | company's strategy. If you are working on say AR at Amazon,
           | and you mention that your group is about 200 people, that
           | says that they are not only going into this space, but doing
           | a reasonably big push on it as well, which might be news to
           | say FB. (This is completely contrived, I have no idea if
           | Amazon is doing AR stuff at all).
        
             | takinola wrote:
             | I guess anything is possible but this seems unlikely. The
             | type of questions (and followups) you would ask in a job
             | interview are quite different than for an inquiry. Also,
             | there are more straightforward ways of getting this
             | information so why take a more convoluted and less
             | efficient path.
        
             | lallysingh wrote:
             | I think you can get more intel than this just by scouring
             | LinkedIn. You might have to use some statistics to eyeball
             | some numbers, but you can get technologies used, group
             | sizes, levels of team members, etc. Especially if you
             | snapshot and compare over time.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | In fact, I would be shocked if this kind of competitor-
               | employee data mining was not a service already sold by
               | Linked In.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | The thing about "fake interviews", having gone to several
           | myself, is that they are never completely fake, just very,
           | very unlikely to produce a hire.
           | 
           | I imagine the company internally can say something like
           | "we'll hire if we find someone capable of solving all of
           | department X,Y and Z's problems simultaneously and will do so
           | for market rate. We probably won't find that but looking will
           | make people happy." with the second part said with only
           | winks.
        
             | NickC25 wrote:
             | Except if I'm an investor, and someone tells me that they
             | are looking for a specific role that will help the company
             | reach financial goals, they are spending time and money
             | trying to find that person(s) and they aren't actually
             | looking (rather, just posturing) that is fraud-y in a
             | roundabout way. They are spending time and money on
             | something that they know won't pan out. That's a waste of
             | money.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | sadly, there can be a lot of inefficies and the number
               | can still go up. That's ultimately all modern (western?)
               | stakeholders care about these days. Not like they can't
               | switch their stocks in days if they get worried.
        
           | from-nibly wrote:
           | Sometimes its double fraud. Sometimes they tell employees
           | internally that they are hiring when though they arent.
        
           | svnt wrote:
           | >Sounds very plausible, but why bother interviewing anyone?
           | 
           | Because then you don't have to ask anyone else to lie for
           | you, or count on them to do it well.
           | 
           | There are other options here though, beyond just lying and
           | pickiness, which include:
           | 
           | a) some internal party sabotaging hiring to prevent someone
           | getting in who will be a better fit for the role they want
           | during growth
           | 
           | b) startups often don't actually know where they need to put
           | bodies, especially in areas outside of the founders'
           | technical training
        
           | throwawayq3423 wrote:
           | Every startup has a massive "Hiring" page for optics. Are
           | they actually hiring for all those positions? Probably not.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | I could only read the first paragraph, but it seems like the
         | article is about a specific type of fake job interview rather
         | than "fake job interviews" in general.
        
           | teamspirit wrote:
           | https://archive.ph/KcjK6
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > My hunch is these start-ups don't want to show an empty
         | hiring pipeline to investors.
         | 
         | This wouldn't make any sense. If a startup has headcount and
         | budget, they're going to want to hire someone as quickly as
         | possible.
         | 
         | Investors don't care about the minutia of how many people are
         | in your hiring pipeline. If portfolio company had board-
         | approved budget and headcount and was failing to fill those
         | roles in a timely manner, that would be a huge red flag that
         | something is not right within the company.
         | 
         | Investors care about result and efficiency. I don't think any
         | startup is going to impress investors by wasting a bunch of
         | time deliberately fake interviewing people and then failing to
         | hire anyone.
         | 
         | What's more like is the company wants to hire, has told the
         | teams they can hire, but the board is reluctant to approve more
         | headcount until the team starts showing results. Another
         | possibility is that they're waiting for financials to improve
         | enough to justify the hire.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Even large corps leave postings up forever as a way to
         | manipulate their stock price. Take down the postings and
         | analysts see it as weakness. This has been going on for
         | decades.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | That's not always true. Sometimes they have up a "Senior
           | Engineer" listing that just always stays up because they are
           | always hiring for that role.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | That's extremely rare, especially right now.
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | "always hiring" in the same way anyone would hire, say,
             | Steve Wozniak if he knocked on your door.
             | 
             | I think one regulation to resolve this is to outline a term
             | on when you expect to fill the role, in order to delineate
             | between "we need this role right now" (AKA, "urgent hire"),
             | "we want to fill it in 1-3 months", and "nice to have but
             | no rush" postings. It'd give a better signals to workers
             | and make it easier to call fraud if they are "urgently
             | hiring" but repost the same thing 5 months in a row.
        
       | Suppafly wrote:
       | Fake Job Interviews Are Fraud Fraud -- ftfy
       | 
       | we need to start prosecuting companies that do this shit, not
       | just for financial fields.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Make it a criminal felony for everyone involved with fake job
         | posts. It's wage theft of people who aren't even the company's
         | employees. In almost all other contexts this would be criminal
         | theft. Make it criminal theft in this context too. Once you
         | include the hundreds or thousands of people they've stolen
         | labor from, it easily passes any threshold required for it to
         | be a felony.
         | 
         | Guarantee the ghost job nonsense will instantly stop once the
         | first person is shown being shipped off to prison for a year
         | and one day.
        
           | donor20 wrote:
           | This might move hiring to friends / network type hiring. If
           | you were in a good network awesome. If not could be tough
        
         | teractiveodular wrote:
         | As the friendly article explains, it is next to impossible to
         | differentiate between "fake job interview" and "unsuccessful
         | real interview".
        
           | Flop7331 wrote:
           | In the absence of proper documentation and genuine feedback,
           | assume it was a fake.
           | 
           | E.g. I had a CodeSignal assessment recently that resulted in
           | the end of my "consideration". If it had been a genuine
           | opening, they'd be able to tell me what the expected score
           | was and how tenured peers at the company are scoring in
           | recent assessments.
        
       | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
       | I heard that Discord is a notorious offender of fake job
       | interviews.
        
         | geoffpado wrote:
         | I had a very strange interview experience with Discord myself.
         | They sent me a rejection letter, saying that after much
         | consideration, they'd decided to go with a different candidate.
         | 
         | Thing is... I'd never even applied with them, and certainly
         | hadn't done any interviews.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | There are people going around filching resumes and
           | impersonating people when applying for jobs. It's worth
           | reaching out to see how they got your name and resume to see
           | if you're the victim of fraud.
        
       | glasss wrote:
       | > Wells Fargo did a bad thing. But the badness of the thing is
       | uncertain, amorphous, hard to quantify: People were harmed, but
       | not in ways that the legal system can easily reduce to money.
       | 
       | > But the financial system can: The bad thing that Wells Fargo
       | did caused its stock to drop, which is a good rough measure of
       | how bad it was. The shareholders perform the socially useful
       | service of measuring the badness [...]
       | 
       | I think this is a really interesting point - assuming the actors
       | in the market who are buying and selling stocks share the same
       | general morals of the rest of the population, they can penalize
       | companies that do bad things. But that would mean market forces
       | would need to act on moral grounds and not on profit motives.
        
         | blastro wrote:
         | The idea that retail buying/selling pressure has any effect on
         | market price is a very old fashioned idea.
        
           | exolymph wrote:
           | "actors in the market who are buying and selling stocks" does
           | not necessarily mean retail, no?
        
             | blastro wrote:
             | > share the same general morals of the rest of the
             | population
             | 
             | funds don't share those morals
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | People who have the stake or dry powder to move the share
             | price of a bank (or megacap tech company while we're at it)
             | are in no way interested in socially useful pricing around
             | dickhead behavior.
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | There is a financial accounting line item called "goodwill" and
         | it's often non-trivial.
         | 
         | In a functioning market customers (whether consumers or
         | enterprise purchasing decision makers) tell you to take a walk
         | if you act with bad will in any kind of consistent way.
         | 
         | There isn't much money to be made in markets that are both of
         | "mature" and functioning.
        
           | takinola wrote:
           | Goodwill has a very specific definition that has nothing to
           | do with your behavior. It is simply the difference between
           | the price an acquirer pays for something and the book value
           | of that thing
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | TFA accurately cites a decrease in cap on the day over a
             | revelation of bad behavior, in no way affecting
             | fundamentals. That comes out of goodwill.
             | 
             | Why do people say things like this?
        
               | takinola wrote:
               | Goodwill only comes into play in the context of an
               | acquisition. Unless they are being bought, the decrease
               | in market cap is just that. It doesn't come out of
               | anything in particular, accounting-wise.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Price is definitionally attached to the likelihood of a
               | transaction! The "price" of something is perfectly
               | defined at the moment of a transaction, at any other time
               | it is at best a rough estimate of the consensus of an
               | amount at which a transaction would occur.
               | 
               | I'm not nitpicking: this a la carte treatment of market
               | capitalization neatly severed from what anyone would be
               | willing to pay, warped by the prospect of intervention
               | and other insidious capture is why we're discussing this
               | embarrassing cavalcade of depressing behavior on the part
               | of the executives in the first place.
               | 
               | Goodwill isn't germane only to risk arbitrage
               | discussions, it is (among other things) how the
               | accountants keep track of the impact on value that
               | accrues to piece of shit finance guys pulling stunts like
               | this one.
        
         | jordanb wrote:
         | > which is a good rough measure of how bad it was
         | 
         | This is a part that he takes on faith which is completely
         | unsupported. What the market is really doing (assuming
         | rationality) is judging how much any punishment Wells Fargo
         | might receive from regulators, customers, counterparties will
         | alter the net present value of the stock.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > The shareholders perform the socially useful service of
         | measuring the badness
         | 
         | That's a dangerous idea as it presumes that shareholders are
         | investing not for profit but to improve "goodness" in the
         | world. This is obviously not true.
         | 
         | The shareholders are providing the economically useful service
         | of measuring _risk_ to those future profits. These two factors
         | may be linked through an abstraction but they are most
         | definitely not equivalent.
         | 
         | > they can penalize companies that do bad things
         | 
         | Without journalists to expose the bad things in the first place
         | the investors can do no such thing. There is no mechanism in
         | place to discover these facts and there is no effort to build
         | one independent of journalism.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > Without journalists to expose the bad things in the first
           | place the investors can do no such thing. There is no
           | mechanism in place to discover these facts and there is no
           | effort to build one independent of journalism.
           | 
           | Isn't that backwards? Investors are a major funder of
           | journalism in the broad sense, and one of the few robust
           | revenue sources left for it.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > Investors are a major funder of journalism in the broad
             | sense
             | 
             | I see it as an advertising driven industry. I'm not sure
             | how investors could be funding it directly.
             | 
             | > and one of the few robust revenue sources left for it.
             | 
             | That there are publications meant for investors does not
             | mean investors can be seen as the revenue source. The
             | advertisers looking to get in front of investors are the
             | source.
             | 
             | If someone was investing in news for it's own sake then why
             | is the quality of the information presented so poor? You'd
             | almost have an easier time making the case they invest to
             | _intentionally_ obscure the process of reporting facts.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > If someone was investing in news for it's own sake then
               | why is the quality of the information presented so poor?
               | 
               | Financial-oriented news tends to be noticeably better
               | than other kinds. Often the best widely-published
               | journalism in the UK will be in the Economist or the FT,
               | for example, and some more specialised publications
               | allegedly have even higher standards.
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | It doesn't presume that shareholders are altruistic.
           | 
           | It presumes that shareholders' only objective is to maximize
           | the share price.
           | 
           | From Wells Fargo's reports to investors, it's clear that
           | management believed that investors would interpret successful
           | diversity efforts as important to maximize the share price.
           | 
           | After the diversity rules were suspended, the share price
           | dropped.
           | 
           | It's nearly impossible to prove cause and effect, but the
           | plaintiffs don't have to prove direct causation. They only
           | have to show that management misrepresented the facts in
           | reports to investors, that the false statements were
           | material, and that investors suffered a loss at that time.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | I think the point of this case is that they don't have to be
         | moral at all. They penalise the company for doing bad things
         | not because they think it's bad, but because they have
         | financial incentive to do so.
        
           | takinola wrote:
           | Markets are not about morality. They are designed to allocate
           | resources optimally. If you want moral outcomes, you would
           | need to inject incentives that make those outcomes optimal
           | for the market participants
        
             | golergka wrote:
             | Whatever the incentives, they already decided to include
             | DEI commitments into their obligations to shareholders.
        
       | masterkiller wrote:
       | This happened to me at a very large publicly traded tech company.
       | After being offered a position, they had to consider more diverse
       | candidates. After a month of "searching" they hired me.
        
         | ljsprague wrote:
         | Did they hire you in the end because they were
         | biased/racist/sexist or because you were the best candidate?
        
       | 0898 wrote:
       | It's interesting that Matt Levine capitalises "white", as well as
       | capitalising "black".
       | 
       | I haven't seen this style choice before.
        
         | playingalong wrote:
         | Is it his style or Bloomberg's?
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | There's some debate over this.
         | 
         | https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-cultures-race-and-e...
         | 
         | > In some ways, the decision over "white" has been more
         | ticklish. The National Association of Black Journalists and
         | some Black scholars have said white should be capitalized, too.
         | 
         | > CNN, Fox News and The San Diego Union-Tribune said they will
         | give white the uppercase, noting it was consistent with Black,
         | Asian, Latino and other ethnic groups. Fox cited NABJ's advice.
         | 
         | > CBS News said it would capitalize white, although not when
         | referring to white supremacists, white nationalists or white
         | privilege.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | > CBS News said it would capitalize white, although not when
           | referring to white supremacists, white nationalists or white
           | privilege.
           | 
           | Oh, interesting - so would I be correct in saying that "white
           | supremacists" are people thinking that White people are
           | superior to others, whereas a "White supremacist" is a White
           | person who is a supremacist of some group, e.g. "A White male
           | supremacist"?
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Probably more likely to be a typo (as in off-style guide)
             | than a deliberate distinction!
        
           | klik99 wrote:
           | Assuming this is about ethnic groups in the context of
           | America, saying "White" doesn't have a "shared culture and
           | history in the way Black does" is arguably true, but "Asian"
           | and "Latino" also both don't have a shared culture and
           | history in the way "Black" does. Also "White" is the only
           | ethnic group name that doesn't refer to a place, even though
           | it's clearly a stand-in for "European", which kind of implies
           | everyone else came from somewhere else.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | What's the reason for capitalising either of them introducing
           | any debate in the first place?
           | 
           | I doubt this will pass the test of time, makes it seem like a
           | noun ('a White'; it must be a noun to be a proper noun after
           | all) rather than an adjective ('a black _person_ ') which
           | (capitalisation aside) is way out of favour. (At least it
           | is/would be in the UK, where 'PoC' isn't really used either,
           | so ymmv.)
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > It's interesting that Matt Levine capitalises "white", as
         | well as capitalising "black".
         | 
         | In this context, they're both proper nouns and this is the
         | correct stylization, what's interesting about it?
         | 
         | > I haven't seen this style choice before.
         | 
         | Do people imagine that they're going to have an impact on any
         | social outcome by merely changing capitalization of certain
         | words? It's incomprehensible that this would be a "style
         | choice" and not simply "moral navel gazing."
        
           | booleandilemma wrote:
           | I visited a website once that only capitalized "black" and
           | not "white". It was a website geared towards black
           | entrepreneurs iirc but I forget the name. It came across as
           | creepy to me.
        
             | mynameishere wrote:
             | Umm, almost every media outlet does that.
             | 
             | By the way, this whole thing is like the "He" in the bible:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverential_capitalization
        
       | jmpman wrote:
       | What if the hiring manager had a stack of 10 applicants, and of
       | those 10 applicants, only 2 had a resume which appeared
       | qualified. Let's assume those 2 candidates were not "diverse".
       | But out of the remaining 8 non-qualified resumes, 1 was
       | "diverse". Could they interview the 2 qualified candidates, and
       | the 1 "diverse" candidate in order to meet the requirement of
       | interviewing at least one diverse candidate? Would this be
       | considered the scenario the lawsuit is talking about? Or do they
       | need to wait until they have one diverse candidate with a
       | competitive resume?
        
         | takinola wrote:
         | I think the issue was closer to one where the interviewer (all
         | but) hires the "non-diverse" candidate and then as an
         | afterthought interviews the "diverse" candidate. This clearly
         | defeats the spirit of the plan.
         | 
         | As for your specific hypothetical, it still seems to be
         | contrary to the stated goals. My guess is you'd want to cast
         | your net wide to get a cross-section of qualified candidates
         | and maybe not just hire from the same sources that produce
         | homogenous candidates
        
         | conception wrote:
         | There are various methodologies for increasing diversity in
         | your hiring pool that don't require "token" efforts. Eg
         | https://hbr.org/2023/06/when-blind-hiring-advances-dei-and-w...
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | But the application forms always say that answers to the
         | diversity questions don't count towwards the decision. How do
         | they justify?
        
       | matwood wrote:
       | Matt Levine has an ongoing meme/thread that _everything_ ends up
       | being securities fraud if you look hard enough :)
        
         | magxnta wrote:
         | The "everything is securities fraud"-theory honestly deserves a
         | Wikipedia article by now.
        
       | DangitBobby wrote:
       | I find it interesting that investors don't really have to prove
       | they were ever mislead, just that misleading statements were made
       | about something bad that happened. For example if you didn't
       | actually read Wells Fargo's diversity statement, you would have
       | been incapable of making any financial decisions based on them,
       | thus you were never actually lied to or defrauded. Can investors
       | demonstrate that they changed their investing patterns based on
       | diversity statements?
       | 
       | If a lie is whispered in the forest and no one is around to hear
       | it, is it securities fraud?
        
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