[HN Gopher] Beyond Authenticity: Hannah Arendt's final unfinishe...
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       Beyond Authenticity: Hannah Arendt's final unfinished work
        
       Author : apollinaire
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2024-07-26 17:44 UTC (2 days ago)
        
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       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | Th idea of "will", especially from the German side, got a bad rap
       | for obvious reasons. But I like Arendt's picture of it as an
       | uncomfortable inner tension when we simultaneously see what what
       | we want to be (or should morally do), and an alternative path set
       | out by habit and company.
       | 
       | To me, will is a very important component in security, it's that
       | tense feeling you get just before you;                 - decide
       | the video conference with your boss urging you to transfer
       | $1m into a Swiss account might not be as it seems, and pull the
       | plug (risking being fired)            - walk out of the shop that
       | stubbornly refused to take cash (risking         social
       | embarrassment)            - refuse a significant discount in
       | exchange for giving personal         information (taking
       | financial loss on principle)            - tell someone in a more
       | authoritative position, no you won't be         joining them via
       | Teams/Zoom because of its security risks (risking
       | unpopularity)
       | 
       | What we find in cybersecurity incident autopsies is that people
       | say "I knew X wasn't right. All my spidery feelings and heckles
       | were on red alert, but I didn't _act_ , and I don't know why."
       | 
       | So in another piece I wrote;                   Our culture is now
       | about to split into two camps; the normative         and the
       | secure. Instead of "the haves and have-nots", there will
       | be "the will, and the will-nots". Those who will compromise and
       | those who will not compromise security. Those who choose security
       | over convenience. Those who choose security against the nagging
       | "advice" of corporations and governments to adopt a weaker
       | position favourable to "markets".
        
         | vinnyvichy wrote:
         | Thanks! Seems your adjacent concept should be relabelled "moral
         | insecurity".
         | 
         | "Ethics today means not being at home in one's house." --Adorno
         | 
         | So that, the choice of moral freedom can still be the (more)
         | ethical tradeoff
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | Cheers, and +1 for the very fitting Adorno quote.
        
       | lo_zamoyski wrote:
       | The problem with incorrect emphasis on "will" in our culture is
       | that it takes you to voluntarism. The will is the appetite of the
       | intellect, oriented toward the good (real or apparent), and so
       | one cannot just will _anything_ , but rather, only of the things
       | that the intellect first apprehends. (Of course, the will can
       | also turn the intellect away from things we'd rather not know or
       | have due awareness of, and this is the essence of the evil act;
       | an act of self-blinding in order to move the will toward what we
       | know we should not choose.) So freedom is in choosing or willing
       | the good, what one ought, and for that, as the article notes by
       | way of Augustine, we need the right habits, and this is what we
       | call virtue. Here, the virtue of being able to choose the good is
       | prudence. And since freedom classically understood is found in
       | the ability to will the good, only a virtuous person is free.
       | Compare this with the liberal (as in Hobbes, Locke, Mill) notion
       | of freedom as the absence of external limitation. It becomes
       | apparent what lunacy that is, as choosing anything but the good
       | is, again to draw from Augustine, nothing short of the worst kind
       | of slavery, a slavery to passions and vice. Thus, this modern
       | notion of "authenticity" is, frankly, total bullshit, and a
       | completely destructive notion at that.
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | I also got the sense the way authentic self was presented was
         | kind of morally nullifying, a variation that reduced to "do
         | what thou wilt," where the animal chaos is the true self,
         | instead of the active exercise of choosing good. What Arendt
         | was clearly onto has been said elsewhere as something along the
         | lines of, nothing short of indefatigable exertion can induce
         | the habit of virtue, where she notes Augustine emphasized it
         | was this regular exercise of virtue that would render the soul
         | pure, where Heidegger appears to be taking it for granted as a
         | base state we need to strip away our experiences to find.
         | 
         | I've been down both roads and have spent a lot of time alone in
         | the woods at night to find the fears that only exist without
         | others around, and really, it's dwelling on the past. The
         | search for Heideggers authentic self is a substitute for
         | engaging the present and the real. Worse, it's neutralizing. If
         | you want prevail over hell, it's other people, and engagement
         | the necessary condition.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | What I like about Sartre is his tremendous life journey from
           | 'hell is other people' to a belief that solidarity and
           | engagement with others is the only proper path.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | That doesn't necessarily take a journey (or even a
             | returning?), if one were to start out by framing it as a
             | project of terraforming hell?
             | 
             | G*d: So, Peter, I heard you were visiting The Other Place
             | the other day; how's ol' Lucey doing?
             | 
             | St. Peter: It's amazing! Since I was last, they've really
             | done a lot with the place... irrigation, orchards, pizza
             | and community sings on the week-
             | 
             | G*d: (pounding fist on Heavenly Throne) Those Me-damned
             | mormons!
        
               | vinnyvichy wrote:
               | So what was Saint Al's project :)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_First_Circle
               | 
               | Although.. yeah it would be hard for Saint Al to depict
               | Lucey as being as cooperative as the LDS (as you do..,
               | but you didn't have to make the tradeoff for publication)
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Project at Marfino (under "auspices" of KPSS), or project
               | (in conjunction with ER) to cleanse the bessmertnaia
               | russkaia dusha?
               | 
               | (swimming in ice water and jumping over fires are said to
               | be good for the soul, at least when properly timed, but I
               | can't think of any equivalent atmospheric or chthonic
               | rituals, and of course the chinese have a fifth element,
               | so maybe we ought to be craving the strength and
               | certainty of steel?)
               | 
               | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApvM0RxcxPg
               | 
               | [EDIT re publication: _A film which followed the code of
               | the Hays Office to the strictest letter might succeed in
               | being a great work of art, but not in a world in which a
               | Hays Office exists._ -- TWA]
        
         | vinnyvichy wrote:
         | The giant pachyderm in the room of modernism (arguably _the
         | largest_ pachyderm):
         | 
         | any post-liberal program of self-moderation needs to account
         | for the magic of intragenerational QoL improvements (even if we
         | restrict ourselves to considering only the inner life).
         | 
         | We can all go Greek, Latin, Pali, or Classical Chinese in
         | search of questions and answers, but those civilizations didn't
         | have either mass literacy or tech.
         | 
         | Once upon a time (last century) we had to contend with the
         | Eastern Bloc's moral positioning, but since the end of That no
         | one who suggests putting personal growth (of the psychological
         | kind) ahead of the economic one has been taken seriously.
         | 
         | (And this is why @nonrandomstring above gets upvoted, even
         | though I like your post better)
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | > Compare this with the liberal (as in Hobbes, Locke, Mill)
         | notion of freedom as the absence of external limitation
         | 
         | You put your finger methinks on one of the reasons for the
         | slippage downhill of our society: Everybody wants to be the
         | "wrong" kind of free. (Also: All rights. No duties ...)
        
       | bbor wrote:
       | Just to save people some time, since it's halfway through: the
       | article is about _The Life of the Mind_. It's an incredible work
       | - cannot recommend it enough! The completion of Kant's project,
       | in her own way.
        
       | 39896880 wrote:
       | Arendt makes a compelling case, but unfortunately one that does
       | not stand up to our advances in neuroscience. The will as
       | described here does not exist. There is nothing beyond
       | conditioning.
        
         | phreeza wrote:
         | Not sure how you come to this conclusion, neuroscience is
         | nowhere near advanced enough to have clarity on such a thing,
         | it could well be an emergent property of neural activity.
        
           | 39896880 wrote:
           | I came to this conclusion by reading the book "Determined" by
           | Sapolsky.
           | 
           | https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780525560975
        
             | phreeza wrote:
             | Ok maybe I read it differently than you, but the will in
             | the article doesn't sound like me like what is typically
             | discussed as "free will"? It sounds more like what could
             | also be called "drive" or "striving".
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | > but unfortunately
         | 
         | Says one who does not believe in will but believes in fortune.
        
           | vinnyvichy wrote:
           | One can believe in making fortune submit to the will :)
           | 
           | (Like Machiavelli & Napoleon I)
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | The compelling case, as you say, is simply that we can find
         | ourselves for various reasons choosing to resist conditioning
         | and conformity. And this resistance can be enlightening to the
         | individual and to broader society.
         | 
         | The personal search (self-examination) can of course be
         | beneficial. There's no need to slip into nebulous metaphysics
         | to understand that any challenge to a power structure may have
         | an enlightened outcome or a disastrous outcome.
         | 
         | The article is hagiographic and is reaching for something deep,
         | but this passage is perhaps the essence:                   "But
         | for Arendt, the will was the means to our freedom [...] The
         | will is a space of tension inside the self where one actively
         | feels the difference between where they are and where they
         | would like to be. [...]              "Willing is the mental
         | activity that goes on between thinking and judgment. It has the
         | power to shape us by drawing us into conflict with ourselves.
         | Without inner conflict, there is no forward movement. These are
         | the basic principles of willing:              Willing is
         | characterised by an inner state of disharmony.         Willing
         | is experienced as a felt sense of tension within the body where
         | the mind is at war with itself.         Willing makes one aware
         | of possible decisions, which creates a feeling of being pulled
         | in multiple directions at once.         Willing can feel very
         | lonely. Decisions and choices are shaped by one's environment,
         | by the everydayness of being, but ultimately the responsibility
         | for deciding is up to oneself.         Willing makes one aware
         | of the tension that exists between oneself as a part of the
         | world, and oneself as an individual alone existing in
         | relationship to the world.         Willing is the principle of
         | human individuation.         Willing relates to the world
         | through action.         The will is the inner organ of freedom.
         | "
        
         | leobg wrote:
         | Changes nothing.
         | 
         | Thief: I'm not guilty. There is no free will, so I couldn't
         | have acted otherwise. Judge: I sentence you anyway. Because my
         | actions, too, are predetermined.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | Nasruddin is asked to judge a village dispute:
           | 
           | Accuser -- tells a tale of woe
           | 
           | Nasruddin -- "You're right!"
           | 
           | Accused -- mounts a defense
           | 
           | Nasruddin -- "You're right, too!"
           | 
           | Village elder -- "But Mullah, they can't _both_ be right... "
           | 
           | Nasruddin -- "All three of you are right!"
        
       | slowhadoken wrote:
       | Yeah she was a genius.
        
       | lysecret wrote:
       | Everyone who even vaguely cares about psychology should read
       | Eichmann in Jerusaelm from her.
        
         | hiatus wrote:
         | Could you elaborate on your recommendation?
        
         | lukeasrodgers wrote:
         | I believe the consensus now is that her analysis of Eichmann
         | was wrong, he had fooled her (and others). Personally I still
         | think the concept of the "banality of evil" overall still has
         | merit.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | The non-appearance of "monstrous psychopaths" is only part of
           | it. I don't know much about Eichmann but there's a rather
           | good treatment of the Nuremberg trials in the Adam Curtis
           | documentary The Living Dead [0], in which Hermann Goring is
           | shown as setting a tone that later resurfaces with Eichmann
           | and in the Truth and Reconciliation hearings of post-
           | apartheid South Africa and many other trials of atrocities
           | and war crimes - namely an intransigent adherence to the
           | defence that "everything was done legally".
           | 
           | I don't think any culture has fully digested the implications
           | or had the courage to approach the questions Nuremberg and
           | subsequent trials posed 80 years ago; where does the law run
           | out? When does it become not just okay but _morally
           | necessary_ to defect /rebel/rise-up against your own side,
           | and its so-called "laws" when it's become degenerate and run
           | by criminals ?
           | 
           | In this way I don't think the difficult issue is that evil is
           | _banal_ (as in C. R. Browning 's "Ordinary Men" [2]) but that
           | it's "everyday, procedural and institutionally backed". It's
           | defended by social organisations held dear, right up until a
           | point of collapse and pivot of history when those
           | institutions themselves become seen as evil.
           | 
           | Eichmann and Goring went beyond "Kadavergehorsam" [1] and
           | were indignant that anyone dare judge them. Goring tried to
           | school the judges in moral philosophy.
           | 
           | I don't think anyone is comfortable revisiting this topic,
           | especially as it's still relevant and playing out today in at
           | least two theatres of war.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Dead_(TV_series)
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpse-like_obedience
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Browning
        
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