[HN Gopher] Taking a Radio Camping
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       Taking a Radio Camping
        
       Author : ewpratten
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2024-07-27 02:26 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ewpratten.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ewpratten.com)
        
       | jnord wrote:
       | Back in the 70s when shortwave was still king, we used to pack
       | communications radios, rolls of antenna wire and jump on a train
       | to travel up to northern Scandinavia to listen to faraway exotic
       | stations on the medium and shortwave bands. It was an ideal
       | environment with no electronic noise, mainly due to scarce
       | population, and we were free to roll out 500 meters of longwire
       | in various directions without upsetting anybody. Fun times
       | indeed!
        
         | lloydatkinson wrote:
         | I occasionally get a long wire between buildings and listen to
         | shortwave and bands. Sometime I'd like to get a HackRF and try
         | out SDR and GNU Radio.
        
           | ted_dunning wrote:
           | HackRF isn't the only way to go. There are other projects
           | like T41-EP that can give you a really nice software defined
           | platform as well.
           | 
           | Check it out here: https://www.4sqrp.com/T41main.php
           | 
           | (hint: you know it's a group of hams as soon as you see the
           | colored fonts and grey background)
        
             | amatecha wrote:
             | yeah you can also get an RTL-SDR for like $30 USD (or
             | something) and listen to a pretty wide range of frequencies
             | - definitely good enough to get started with a very small
             | cost.
        
               | fortran77 wrote:
               | Not for shortwave. They don't work below 50Mhz
        
         | femto wrote:
         | In the 90s I spent a few years working on the Jindalee Over-
         | The-Horizon-Radar. It's in the HF band and located in a quiet
         | spot in the middle of Australia. At that time it wasn't fully
         | operational, so there were substantial periods where the
         | research team had exclusive access. One of the techs was a keen
         | radio amateur and used to patch his HF kit into the beamformed
         | antenna array. Subject to the ionosphere not being complete
         | rubbish he could roam around to his hearts content. A further
         | bonus was real-time access to one of the world's best ionosonde
         | networks. It was HF nirvana.
        
       | curiousfab wrote:
       | The variation in local noise between different locations is huge.
       | As an apartment dweller and radio amateur, this is something I am
       | fighting every day and in a densely populated environment, the
       | noise floor changes all the time, depending on which neighbor
       | operates which electrical device at the time...
       | 
       | The amateur radio community is very aware of the problems and
       | several initiatives have been launched to quantify the effects.
       | One of them is the DARC's ENAMS, which is described in detail
       | here:
       | 
       | https://web.tapr.org/meetings/DCC_2020/DK5HH/F_ENAMS-DCC-DK5...
        
         | wkjagt wrote:
         | Have you tried a QRM Eliminator? I haven't tried one myself
         | yet, but I hear good things about them. Also, some really
         | simple things can be really noisy. Cheap LED bulbs for example
         | can be super noisy. I had one above my desk that was terrible.
        
           | ztetranz wrote:
           | I think that's a phasing device. You attach an auxiliary
           | antenna specially to pick up the noise. The signal from that
           | is phase shifted and mixed into the signal from the main
           | antenna. The phase shift circuitry has knobs to vary the
           | phase and amplitude. You adjust them so that the noise
           | cancels out.
           | 
           | That can be effective but it's really only useful for
           | cancelling out one noise source. I once used a similar device
           | when there was something bad happening on a power pole down
           | the street. It's no use if you have general noise from
           | multiple directions.
        
             | aaomidi wrote:
             | This would be an effective method against Iran's scrambling
             | of satellite TV
        
           | PM_me_your_math wrote:
           | A buddy of mine uses one and it is effective. Most of your
           | noise will come from buck converters and other cheap power
           | supplies in the near field. Cell phone chargers, 120ac to
           | 12vdc PSU, computer PSU, and fluorescent lighting ballasts
           | are big culprits. Plasma TVs will generate more noise as they
           | age. Pole-mounted cable repeater PSU go bad and start heating
           | up, generating a shitload of noise. Any arcing on cracked
           | insulators will generate RFI and can be easily located by
           | driving around with a clear AM channel on your car stereo.
           | Report these as they must also be repaired. Cheap solar panel
           | inverters are also noise generators. A process of isolating
           | house circuits helps identify the offending devices if they
           | are in the home. In most cases, it is unlawful for devices to
           | generate spurious emissions. In the case of solar panel
           | inverters, they must fix/replace them if you complain.
           | Another thing to check is cable tv leakage, which is less of
           | a problem today, but can still cause interference.
           | Unterminated cable coax can radiate lots of noise in the
           | 144mhz band, and also on other channels. Great article about
           | RFI hunting and elimination:
           | https://www.arrl.org/files/file/RFI/Thompson%20Noise.pdf
        
           | ewpratten wrote:
           | Wow! Thats a very cool device. I'll be investigating further
           | for my at-home setup.
        
         | ewpratten wrote:
         | I plan to write about my home setup, which is... a little crazy
         | antenna-wise.
         | 
         | The noise here is really bad due to my area and the
         | construction of the building I live in. Much creativity is
         | required to get QSOs from here.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | See also perhaps:
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_wire_antenna
       | 
       | There are also commercially available products that are fairly
       | portable and probably give you a better SWR; e.g.:
       | 
       | * https://www.buddipole.com
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Buddipole
       | 
       | From one of the photos, seems like the author is using an
       | Elecraft KX-2, which is really a clever bit of kit that packs a
       | big bunch in small package:
       | 
       | * https://elecraft.com/products/kx2-ssb-cw-data-80-10-m-transc...
        
         | grendelt wrote:
         | Yeah, the KX2 is an amazing little radio. I take mine with me
         | on work trips for doing POTA in new places. The tuner in the
         | KX2 is said to be able to tune a wet noodle.
         | 
         | The receiver is very sensitive and the filter can be adjusted
         | to clamp down on one signal. I do CW most of the time so I can
         | setup and make contacts in a lot of noisy, challenging places,
         | from Grants Tomb in NYC to a little POTA site just north of KC
         | airport with power distribution lines high overhead, I've been
         | able to work coast to coast with either an end-fed halfwave or
         | a Chelegance MC750 vertical. (Far easier and less bulky than my
         | Buddipole or Buddistick). I also have an end-fed random wire
         | for use with my KX2. I took it to Old Town San Diego and was
         | able to band-hop while a friend was on 20m at the same picnic
         | table. With the random wire I was still able to pull in Italy
         | on 5W!
         | 
         | I'm headed for Madison, WI tomorrow and will be playing radio
         | in the evenings weather (and solar storm) dependent.
        
         | ewpratten wrote:
         | A buddipole has been on my list for a while, but as you said
         | the KX2 is really good, and happily tunes even the worst of my
         | antenna experiments. I've made contacts with the output of this
         | radio tied directly into a grounding rod and nothing else
         | before.
         | 
         | On this particular trip, I had my antenna at a perfect 1:1 the
         | whole time.
        
       | hvs wrote:
       | A big part of Ham radio today is what are known as POTA (Parks on
       | the Air) activations where hams go to different parks to make
       | contacts with other hams. These are often low-power transmissions
       | (Known as QRP, or 10W or less). I think a big driver of this is
       | the fact that our cities have become so noisy.
       | 
       | https://parksontheair.com/
       | 
       | Side note: if you read Hacker News, enjoy tinkering with
       | electronics, and want to meet/talk to more people like you, I
       | recommend becoming a Ham. The Technician and General exams from
       | the FCC are relatively easy if you have any technical background
       | and it's a great outlet for experimenting.
        
         | ewpratten wrote:
         | I actually intended to make these proper POTA activations, but
         | I couldn't figure out the park identifier due to lack of cell
         | service, and I also didn't bring anything for VHF to try doing
         | so over APRS.
         | 
         | Next time I guess.
        
           | ted_dunning wrote:
           | Nice article, btw.
           | 
           | But I am very curious. Did you use a balun or antenna tuner?
        
             | ewpratten wrote:
             | Thanks! I used the integrated tuner in my KX2. Worked
             | perfectly.
        
           | swalberg wrote:
           | If you find the park reference you can submit logs to
           | pota.app after the fact. Any qso counts.
        
             | ewpratten wrote:
             | Thanks for pointing that out. I will do so
        
       | CrimsonCape wrote:
       | I have a question for amateur radio enthusiasts:
       | 
       | Let's say "radio 1.0" is as it existed since radio was invented:
       | convert raw analog or digital packets into a signal of a given
       | wavelength as assigned by the FCC for the "type" i.e. nautical,
       | hobby, aero, etc. Roughly associated with physical distance.
       | 
       | It's obvious we have the technology at this point where multiple
       | streams of information can be reconstructed from one wire/pipe.
       | My cable internet is mixed with thousands of other users and yet
       | the cable internet system delivers me just my data.
       | 
       | Why is the airwaves not just another physical medium (metal wire,
       | fiber optic, air)?
       | 
       | If I want to build an amateur transmitter to airstream my Twitch
       | to my friend in Brazil, the FCC would say no, because
       | 
       | 1. Can't clutter up the airwaves (the FCC manages the
       | wavelengths) 2. For "safety" (government wants to monitor the
       | stream)
       | 
       | In "radio 2.0" I can build my hobby hardware to whatever transmit
       | power I want and use whatever wavelength I want because air is
       | just another medium for the same signal. My question is roughly,
       | why cant the organizing principles of my router, isp cable
       | internet system, etc apply to over the air transmission?
       | 
       | Is it a physics limitation? Or a "we always did it this way
       | therefore you can't have it" (FCC, etc)
       | 
       | Let's say I hypothetically have a high power handheld transmitter
       | in my pocket powered by modern batteries, the FCC doesn't exist,
       | and the power is the best that the modern batteries can provide,
       | with the only tradeoffs being weight of the transmitter and
       | duration of batteries, i.e. physics based tradeoffs.
       | 
       | Don't we have the technology to mix thousands of such handheld
       | transmitters so that everyone can carry one, broadcast their own
       | stream, and intermix the streams, and deconstruct the stream back
       | to my own data?
        
         | YZF wrote:
         | The same principles are used and airwaves are just another
         | physical medium. The problems are this is shared media with
         | everyone else and also it's somewhat inefficient media (EDIT:
         | and noisy).
         | 
         | Your hypothetical high powered handheld transmitter (e.g. you
         | cellphone?) is limited by the amount of power from your
         | batteries and other factors.
         | 
         | EDIT: The bandwidth of radio waves is also limited and there's
         | noise which limits the total amount of data you can broadcast.
        
           | CrimsonCape wrote:
           | The purpose of the post is trying to understand 1. can a
           | viable mesh-network exist 2. does the mesh network not
           | currently exist because it's artificially suppressed by
           | centralized networking (i.e. cellphone service providers'
           | influence over the FCC), or 3. Does a mesh network not exist
           | because physics
           | 
           | On point 3, we have made huge strides in miniaturization of
           | electrical components since the dawn of radio; we have also
           | made huge strides in battery technology.
           | 
           | That would suggest it's physically possible to build better
           | devices, so maybe the limiting factor is more #2 nowadays,
           | the ability to innovate is capped not by physics but by
           | regulation.
           | 
           | Sure, things like LoRa exist, but are not widely useful.
           | 
           | If iPhones were a little more brick-like, maybe we wouldn't
           | need to dump money into ISPs pockets; we could just have a
           | standard communication language to bounce packets around.
           | Then we don't need to pay cell phone bills, just buy new
           | batteries.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | You might be just describing packet radio, which does exist,
         | but it's extremely slow due to the physical size of the radio
         | waves involved, as I understand it. The frequency of the waves,
         | due to their extremely long wavelength, is very low.
         | 
         | The trade-off for the long wavelengths is better permeability
         | of the signal, which is why the author of the article is able
         | to transmit so far on seven watts, but your Wi-Fi (high
         | frequency and very short wavelength) has trouble getting
         | through walls.
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | Well the whole HF band is a tiny fraction of cable bandwidth,
         | plus a LOT more natural and manmade noise, plus some of it only
         | works during the day, some at night, some mostly at the right
         | time of the solar cycle... And THEN remember that it's "one
         | cable" you are sharing with up to the whole world.
        
       | amatecha wrote:
       | If you like posts like this check out https://qrper.com ,
       | basically focused around low-power "out in a park or mountaintop"
       | sort of operating :)
        
       | bigjimmyk3 wrote:
       | I did something similar last month; I took my FT-817 with me to
       | scout camp. I wanted to work some FT8 but didn't bring the
       | required doodads with me to hook the radio's audio interface to
       | my Surface Pro X. No problem, I'll just use the mic and speaker
       | on the laptop. To my surprise (and much to the annoyance of my
       | fellow leaders) it worked! wsjt-x is an amazing piece of
       | software.
        
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       (page generated 2024-07-27 23:11 UTC)