[HN Gopher] Maglev titanium heart inside the chest of a live pat...
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       Maglev titanium heart inside the chest of a live patient
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2024-07-26 17:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newatlas.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newatlas.com)
        
       | Jyaif wrote:
       | > the titanium heart is only meant to keep a patient alive while
       | they wait for a heart transplant, which has always been the goal
       | of fully mechanical heart development at this stage of the game.
       | 
       | Why are we not aiming higher?
        
         | nightfly wrote:
         | Because we can barely get a temporary one working now. I'm sure
         | they'd love to be able to make a permanent one, it's just not
         | in the cards yet.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Same reason as why we're not developing starships to go to the
         | other side of the Milky way at the moment: We don't know how to
         | and the leap from "what we can do right now" (ie we struggle to
         | get people to the moon permanently) and "other side of the
         | galaxy" is simply too big.
        
         | didgeoridoo wrote:
         | This article does a good job of outlining the challenges faced:
         | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230217-the-61-year-long...
         | 
         | From the outside, it looks like a race between figuring out the
         | biocompatibility and power issues for total artificial hearts
         | vs. figuring out the immunological issues for xenografts (pig
         | hearts, mostly).
         | 
         | If I had to put money on it, I'd bet that the xenografts win.
         | It doesn't seem like we've made huge strides toward solving the
         | power and durability requirements of total artificial hearts,
         | while immunology advances are happening rapidly. Exciting
         | times, nonetheless.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | Totally, I've been following that space closely as well.
           | 
           | Amazing times indeed, we are seeing xenografts and artificial
           | organs in use.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | > Why are we not aiming higher?
         | 
         | We've been aiming higher explicitly for at 70+ years
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart). I've been
         | following it for 50. Artificial hearts were 5 years away since
         | at least 1972 or so when I first learned about this field. The
         | problems (mechanical, surgical, electrical, biological) are
         | endless and it's an astoundingly hostile environment for
         | machinery. We have enough problems getting pacemakers to work
         | without severe problems.
        
         | Leynos wrote:
         | The Abiocor device always fascinated me.
         | 
         | It was developed with long-term implantation in mind. You can
         | read about it here:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/...
         | 
         | The use of inductive power transfer meant that no transdermal
         | cabling was needed.
         | 
         | Sadly, it sounds like for various reasons the dream was not
         | achievable at the time.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | I know people who worked on that, I've held one in my hand.
           | 
           | It was not designed with long term implantation in mind.
           | 
           | It was designed to get funding and keep the company alive.
           | The device itself was very crude, not statenof the art at the
           | time, and much of it was hand dip-molded with basic
           | materials. It was a hand made research device that in all
           | reality would have never been expected to be reliable and
           | long lasting.
           | 
           | The Bivacor, Heartmate III, these things are in a different
           | class.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | The human heart is magical. They've been aiming higher since
         | the 60s and this device is also aiming higher, but this is the
         | stepping stone to that.
        
         | enthulhusiastic wrote:
         | Because our bodies are already peak technology.
         | 
         | I think the 6-million-dollar man thing is a weird goal.
         | 
         | Better to regrow, implant, perhaps supplement.
         | 
         | Full-on replacement isn't just a "when" but a "why" and a "how
         | do you expect to do better than evolution".
         | 
         | Titanium is cool! That doesn't make it better than muscle.
         | 
         | Go for a run if you want a better heart
        
           | enthulhusiastic wrote:
           | Okay, downvoter, don't take care of your health. Doesn't
           | matter to me
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | You can do plenty of other things good for your heart that
             | is much less damaging to the rest of the body. Running is
             | horrible for joints. Just walking at a brisk pace will get
             | the heart pumping. If we want people to get more active,
             | there are much better things to suggest that go for a run.
             | I ran long distance all through school, and refuse to run
             | for running's sake. Playing soccer is the only running I
             | will do, but at least there's a purpose. Walking, swimming,
             | riding a bike, spin class, whatever are much easier
             | suggestions for couch potatoes to start with
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | - _" how do you expect to do better than evolution"_
           | 
           | Because our goal is aligned with our actual problem (survival
           | of individual human beings), as opposed to the merely
           | partially-aligned goal of "statistical survival up to
           | reproduction age"? Natural evolution is an unaligned AI, in a
           | sense: powerful, but not helpful.
           | 
           | Eventually humanity will defeat this problem, and we won't
           | even need computational parity with natural evolution to do
           | that. Most of that computation is wasted.
        
       | nickburns wrote:
       | dupe:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41086952
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Looks like that one was posted later* so we'll merge that
         | thread hither. Thanks!
         | 
         | * (you can tell from the item IDs)
        
           | nickburns wrote:
           | ah. was confused by the timestamping on my end (i.e. 41080654
           | shows just '2 hours ago' and 41086952 shows '7 hours ago').
           | must be some other inner-workings. but thanks for pointing
           | out IDs to me for future reference.
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | Wonder how the join the arteries to it. Any pressure seems likely
       | to kill biological tissue, and while it might grow on, presumably
       | that would take a while. Maybe some kind of glue?
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | They have what they call sewing cuffs attached to short
         | arterial and venous grafts which you can get already for
         | surgical repair of blood vessels. The sewing cuffs are
         | essentially little cuffs made from polyester velour and
         | silicone and then the surgeon sews through the flanges on the
         | cuffs to anastomose to the blood vessels.
         | 
         | Here is a paper that talks about it for LVADs, which are
         | similar but different
         | 
         | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10047-022-01350-3
        
         | floam wrote:
         | The BiVACOR titanium artificial heart is sutured to the
         | arteries, not glued. Surgeons use biocompatible synthetic graft
         | materials (like Dacron or ePTFE) to connect the arteries to the
         | device.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | Sometimes they use bioglue to cover up mistakes in their
           | sewing, they're not supposed to, and you certainly can't do
           | things like put bioglue all around the circumference, but my
           | understanding is that it's used for touch up here and there.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | - _"...active control system... "_
       | 
       | https://spectrum.ieee.org/this-maglev-heart-could-keep-cardi...
       | 
       | That's some high-stakes software programming!
       | 
       | Passively-stable magnetic levitation is possible with diamagnetic
       | materials (notably including superconductors), but those probably
       | don't meet the requirements of this project.
       | 
       | - _" This positional control system works as follows: Tiny
       | contactless sensors send out magnetic fields that interact with
       | the rotor, determining its exact location many times per second.
       | If the rotor is moving in one direction or another, the control
       | system puts electrical energy into electromagnetic coils within
       | several actuators, causing them to cancel out that movement."_
        
         | elromulous wrote:
         | Yes, but not as high-stakes as an autopilot in a commercial
         | aircraft!
        
       | yumraj wrote:
       | This gives a new meaning to _heavy heart_
        
       | low_tech_punk wrote:
       | It's cool and spooky that the patient will no longer have heart
       | beat, because the rotor will deliver continuous blood flow.
        
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