[HN Gopher] Paper cuttings made by 17th-century schoolgirls disc...
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       Paper cuttings made by 17th-century schoolgirls discovered beneath
       floorboards
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 200 points
       Date   : 2024-07-23 04:33 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | pulvinar wrote:
       | There's no mention in the article as to why the cuttings were
       | beneath the floorboards. My guess is one girl got mad at another
       | and slipped her classwork between the boards. Possible since this
       | predated tongue & groove (the technology angle).
        
         | floam wrote:
         | According to another article, they just slipped through the
         | cracks on the floor from time to time and accumulated over the
         | years.
         | 
         | https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/london/sutton-house-a...
         | 
         | I imagine the debris also included coins and the like.
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | Reminds of this story where they found paper planes in the
         | school house ceiling dating before 1910 -
         | https://youtu.be/A555LYvAPp0?t=16m08s
        
       | romanhn wrote:
       | Earlier thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41045233
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | Thanks! Macro-expanded:
         | 
         |  _Lost by Schoolgirls: A display of 17th century papercuts_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41045233 - July 2024 (20
         | comments)
        
           | thih9 wrote:
           | Is there a public script for macroexpanding? Or is parent
           | commenter a moderator? (if the latter, thanks for your work!)
        
             | macintux wrote:
             | Moderator. Check out the profile, especially the end.
        
       | lholden wrote:
       | My mom lived in a historical house when she was a kid in the 60s.
       | Since then, the house has become a museum. There are a lot of
       | "artifacts" on display that "came from the 1800s" that are
       | actually just toys my moms brothers made. My mom got a good laugh
       | about it when she took me to visit the place.
       | 
       | I'm sure these finds must have dated in some way to verify the
       | authenticity, but I always think back to seeing my uncles toys on
       | display as if they were historical artifacts when I see stuff
       | like this.
        
         | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
         | Has your mom got in touch with the museum to tell them that, so
         | they can improve? If not why not?
        
           | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
           | It's not their mothers responsibility to correct their
           | incompetence, or (imo) more likely negligence and information
           | falsification.
        
             | have_faith wrote:
             | Maybe they just made a mistake.
        
             | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
             | A) I didn't say it was their responsibility
             | 
             | B) I don't wanna assume malice where incompetence will do
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | If you walked into a old house and found a random toy,
               | would you automatically assume the toy is as old as the
               | house?
        
               | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
               | If you saw something broken that's not your
               | responsibility would you fix it?
               | 
               | I know the answer in your case, but believe me that a lot
               | of people would.
        
               | EnigmaFlare wrote:
               | With his rhetorical question, he's saying it must be
               | malice because no museum operator would be that
               | incompetent. They're actively making a false claim to
               | their customers. They could have just not said anything
               | about the age of the toys since they know they didn't
               | verify it. I think you can see this must be the case
               | since you didn't answer his question.
               | 
               | In my country, if a business makes a factual claim about
               | its products, it has to have already verified the
               | correctness of it to some reasonable level and have the
               | documentation so show that. There's no room for this "oh,
               | I just assumed it was true because I'm incompetent"
               | excuse.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | A lot of these historical house "museums" are a pleasant
         | diversion for tourists more than anything else. Note how they
         | are all haunted - ghost tours are pretty easy money
        
           | elric wrote:
           | I have never come across a house museum that claims to be
           | haunted. Must be a cultural thing that doesn't exist in
           | Belgium. Possibly because loads of things are ancient here
           | anyway, no need to embellish with more nonsense I guess.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | yes, probably an american thing. i am very much not a fan
             | of these "ghost tours"
        
         | nmridul wrote:
         | >> sure these finds must have dated in some way to verify the
         | authenticity ....
         | 
         | What happens if the uncle used very old wood or cloth to make
         | the toys. Will the dating technique be able to find the actual
         | age ?
        
           | curiouscavalier wrote:
           | Dating is done with more than just material analysis.
           | Evidence of tools used to make the toy, techniques for things
           | like joins and stitching, etc. can all be indicative of
           | methods that can give at least a lower bound. How applicable
           | method differentiation is to this specific case obviously
           | depends on a number of things.
        
       | disillusioned wrote:
       | My wife found a cool 1896 Harper's School Geography textbook at
       | an antique shop and got it for me, and it had the original
       | pupil's name and signature (and date of 1897!) written on the
       | front matter, but there are also a few other handwritten notes
       | and the name of the school itself... it's such a neat little
       | self-contained time capsule.
       | 
       | It also boggles my mind:
       | 
       | 1. How accurate it was, in terms of map fidelity
       | 
       | 2. The quality of the illustrations and prints, many of which are
       | in several (what I imagine was offset?) colors!
       | 
       | 3. How well it's held up. The cover looks essentially completely
       | trashed, but the interior of the book's pages are almost entirely
       | intact, and in great shape. (I'm not worried of them turning to
       | dust in my hands, for instance.)
       | 
       | It's always fascinating to see just how little has changed,
       | especially among schoolkids in nigh on 300 years!
       | 
       | Here's essentially the exact book I'm talking about, so it's not
       | _that_ uncommon. Looks to be in almost identical condition, too:
       | https://www.ebay.com/itm/184283104558
        
         | asddubs wrote:
         | looks like you made a sale. Almost makes me wonder if this was
         | an elaborate ploy to promote your ebay store. In which case,
         | well done
        
         | elygre wrote:
         | Prolly a nitpick, but closer to 100 than 300 years. Rather
         | significantly, too.
        
           | twojacobtwo wrote:
           | I believe the GP was referencing the posted article with the
           | 300 years comment.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Is it due to a bias on our part that we think that it's
         | fascinating? Why would people be different? People haven't
         | changed, we just have phones now.
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | > we just have phones now
           | 
           | That's a huge understatement. We have electricity,
           | refrigeration, medicine, mass transit (including
           | international), human rights, enormous increases in
           | population, fast media, internet, nuclear weapons, universal
           | literacy, factory lines, spaceships, cities of many millions
           | of people. Anyone that's played Civilisation knows how far
           | the tech tree goes once you hit the Enlightenment.
           | 
           | And you can see how much internet and social media have
           | changed society, so imagine the impact of all those things
           | combined on the human brain.
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | Right but _people_ , their nature, hasn't changed.
        
               | blowski wrote:
               | I find this a vague, reductionist view. When I have
               | dinner with my family today, there's more than one
               | nature, while my own nature has changed in the last 10
               | years. To say most people have had the same nature at
               | least for the last 300 years is only true if you reduce
               | "nature" to something so banal that it means nothing at
               | all.
        
               | quonn wrote:
               | The distribution has not changed. Nobody said that an
               | individual data point is fixed and that all data points
               | are equal.
        
               | throwaway_2494 wrote:
               | I think what was intended was that _human_ nature hasn't
               | changed.
        
               | jvan wrote:
               | I think anyone making that claim is going to have to
               | define human nature in a way that has eluded several
               | fields of study for generations.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | i feel that by the turn of the 20th century we generally had
         | fully accurate maps. 1897 is not really all that long ago - we
         | were well on our way to discovering special relativity at that
         | point
        
           | 1659447091 wrote:
           | > by the turn of the 20th century we generally had fully
           | accurate maps
           | 
           | New Zealand may having something to say about that...
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omission_of_New_Zealand_from_m.
           | ..
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | i'm not sure why an article describing the modern day
             | accidental omission of NZ in maps is really relevant. they
             | also often exclude Antarctica - not from lack of knowledge
             | of the existence
        
         | qup wrote:
         | I have an "autograph book" that belonged to my great-great
         | grandmother, with many signatures from around 1886. It's the
         | equivalent of kids signing a yearbook.
         | 
         | What boggles my mind is how incredible all these kids'
         | handwriting was. Precise, flowing, beautiful cursive.
         | 
         | It's also a quality cover and paper.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | A few years ago I visited a high school for some competition
           | that one of my kids was in. They had posters of each
           | graduating class going back decades, and most of the photos
           | had the kid's signature underneath. It was amazing to compare
           | the signatures from the 1970s and 1980s to the modern ones.
           | The old ones were neat, and showed a lot of individual style.
           | As time went on they looked less confident and showed less
           | individual variation -- most of them looked like standard
           | elementary school cursive. The newest ones were the worst,
           | some were a shaky-looking cursive, some were just printed.
           | 
           | Penmanship, and even just ordinary cursive writing, is just
           | not taught anymore. I understand that it's hardly needed in
           | today's world, but there's something about putting thoughts
           | to paper by hand that enforces some deliberate thinking,
           | unlike keyboarding or speech-to-text. Some studies show that
           | taking class notes by hand is more effective than using a
           | keyboard or recording.
        
             | firewolf34 wrote:
             | I was reading a book (1) which talked about that and
             | emphasized the importance of writing on formulating
             | thoughts and ideas. The funny thing is, it seems it has
             | less to do with writing being some magical input method
             | that makes you think better, and more to do with the fact
             | that writing is just plain slow and forces you to think
             | through and sort of sum up your thoughts as you go. So
             | ironically, it being an inefficient method actually has a
             | positive! But I still feel like you could get most of the
             | way there by just being more deliberate when using a
             | different input method, for example, forcing yourself to
             | stop and think as you type, or using outlining tools, or
             | maybe even artificially limiting your input speed...
             | 
             | (1) "How to take Smart Notes" by Soenke Ahrens
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | I mean the act of signing things is also less common today.
             | My parents put their signatures on credit card terminals
             | and employment agreements; I grew up with contactless
             | payments and Docusign.
        
         | whyenot wrote:
         | I wonder whether a YouTube video, a post on Instagram, or
         | similar artifact of our modern world would ever be able to
         | survive 350 years. This ...longevity(?) seems to be something
         | that is unique to physical objects like books, printed
         | photographs, or paper cuttings. In 350 years, will we look back
         | at this time and considering it another dark age because so
         | little of the content we are producing will still exist in an
         | accessible form?
        
       | honkycat wrote:
       | I wonder how old they were, they are quite good!
       | 
       | I've often wondered if people back then were more skilled at
       | music and art overall since there were fewer mindless leisure
       | activities.
       | 
       | But, at the same time, I'm sure a guitar or ink and paper were
       | comparatively expensive, so who knows.
       | 
       | Plus people could drink at 10 back then, so I'm sure they found
       | plenty of mindless distraction.
        
         | salad-tycoon wrote:
         | Can't remember where I first heard but in the 18th century in
         | England they had wooden cat gin vending machines. You walk up,
         | say a magic phrase, put a coin in and it would pour gin through
         | its paw. This was apparently a way to skirt a licensing law.
         | 
         | https://www.gin1689.com/blogs/news/puss-mew
        
           | jon_richards wrote:
           | > the first vending machine was specifically created to serve
           | gin
           | 
           | The first vending machine was actually first century and
           | dispensed holy water. It was actually mechanized similarly to
           | pre-electronic vending machines.
           | https://www.logicvending.co.uk/history-vending-machines
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | > But, at the same time, I'm sure a guitar or ink and paper
         | were comparatively expensive, so who knows.
         | 
         | When I once came across the price for paper in mid 18th century
         | Germany (I did not keep a reference unfortunately), I compared
         | it to the estimated average annual wage of that time and used
         | today's average annual wage to calculate a price in Euro. The
         | result: the price of a DIN A4 sized piece of paper (623.7 cm2)
         | was aprox. 1 Euro. Not cheap, but in principle still affordable
         | in low quantities for most people. And this is half of today's
         | typical price for one such sheet of handmade paper.
        
         | ofalkaed wrote:
         | The majority of instrument makers of that time had to work
         | almost solely to the market which was primarily working
         | musicians who generally did not make much money, they did not
         | have a massive middle class buying their instruments like we
         | have today so most instruments were not terribly expensive. But
         | music did not become a past time for the average person for a
         | couple centuries with the rise of the guitar which was cheap on
         | a whole new level and much cheaper than the lutes it replaced.
         | The guitar gave us a good sounding instrument that was easy to
         | make and easy to play without years of training and all the
         | luthiers, musicians and composers were hopping on that band
         | wagon to make a little extra cash which only fueled the
         | romantic era guitar craze. The vast bulk of innovation when it
         | comes to the acoustic guitar happened in this period and most
         | of the "new" ideas we see these days were actually done
         | centuries ago and a surprising amount of it by Rene LaCote who
         | does not get anywhere near the recognition or credit he
         | deserves.
        
           | Wytwwww wrote:
           | I'd assume singing was much more ubiquitous in the past,
           | since it was one of the few ways ordinary people could
           | entertain themselves/each other (this was clearly the case
           | well into the 1900s in most, if not all, Western societies).
        
             | ofalkaed wrote:
             | What changed was the mentality, how the average person
             | related too music. Before the romantic era most people
             | could not afford any instrument beyond a folk instrument
             | and certainly could not afford lessons or time to dedicate
             | to practicing. So singing may have come out of going to
             | church and people so inclined would sing as they went about
             | their day but they would not sit down with some sheet music
             | and practice, that was for the well off. Folk instruments
             | tended to be fairly limited in what they could do and did
             | not require much in training or practice although some
             | people have taken these simple instrument to great extremes
             | and done wonderful things with them.
             | 
             | During the romantic era we had the rising middle class with
             | more freetime and money to spare and all those musicians
             | eager to have some more income from giving lessons. The
             | composers started writing lesson books and methods suited
             | to the amateur and the luthiers started building
             | instruments for them including variations like the
             | Decacorde by Carulli and La Cote [0] which was meant to be
             | an easy instrument for the amateur.
             | 
             | Should mention, with "romantic era" I am not really
             | referring to the literal era but the school and tradition
             | of the romantic guitar as the dominant school which goes
             | until the Spanish guitar and Western steel string took over
             | around the turn of the 20th give or take depending on where
             | you are in the world and how you want to look at things.
             | The romantic school still exists to this day, the parlor
             | guitar is a romantic guitar in everything but name and the
             | Viennese guitar is still going in parts of Europe.
             | 
             | 0. https://www.carlyle-
             | circle-30.is.ed.ac.uk/showcase/guitar-de...
        
         | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
         | Fun aside re: guitars:
         | 
         | Guitars as we know them are actually quite new, and going by
         | "350 years" in the article, didn't really exist when these bits
         | of paper were dropped through the floorboards.
         | 
         | Vermeer's _The guitar player_ dates back to just over 350 years
         | ago, shows a baroque guitar, and as far as I am aware these
         | were complex, really expensive things.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9o-TOg-y_BI
         | 
         | I would guess there were lots of lutes and gitterns, though;
         | they are relatively less complex. And I would absolutely think
         | that the children who went to this school saw, owned and were
         | expected to play musical instruments; they came from those
         | sorts of families.
        
       | tempodox wrote:
       | Too bad "hean" was a misspelling. A hitherto unknown mythical
       | bird would have been even more interesting. Or was it a species
       | that became extinct?
        
         | veltas wrote:
         | Standard spelling was only being proposed around this time, so
         | it's not a misspelling.
        
           | maronato wrote:
           | The article says it is a misspelling.
        
             | thechao wrote:
             | The fact that misspelling doesn't have 3 s's is one of the
             | great tragedies of English orthography.
             | 
             | > missspelling
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | I was suprised to see that claimed as a misspelling. The
         | lettering was very neat, nearly perfect otherwise, so with that
         | evident attention to detail I thought a misspelling was
         | unlikely. I assumed it was just an older variation of the
         | spelling.
        
       | mseepgood wrote:
       | Why where they so much more skilled than today's schoolchildren?
        
         | firtoz wrote:
         | Were they?
        
           | mseepgood wrote:
           | Look at the perfectly printed writing, even in italics, and
           | the delicate crosshatching shading.
        
             | latexr wrote:
             | You're judging two wildly different generations of children
             | based on one of them being able to do something the other
             | one wasn't even thought.
             | 
             | Imagine training a chihuahua to do tricks, then looking at
             | an untrained golden retriever, _not even try to teach them_
             | , and saying "why are chihuahuas so much smarter than
             | golden retrievers?"
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | No one said "smarter", they said "more skilled".
               | 
               | A perfectly legitimate answer to that question might be
               | that we stopped teaching them.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Well, presumably outliers exist. I don't think we have a
               | large enough sample to conclude anything. Pretty sure
               | there are plenty of children these days who are
               | significantly more "skilled" (just like back then).
               | 
               | Of course modern writing/drawing utensils are on an
               | entirely different level and paper was very expensive
               | back then e.g. an average labourer supposedly only made
               | enough per day to purchase less than 100 sheets, so
               | practising was expensive.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | There are kids today that can draw that well too. The
             | handwriting, probably not, but we do not teach them that
             | level of handwriting.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | Very nice. Let's see Paul Allen's schoolwork.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | Because that's what they practiced, presumably. Given that they
         | misspelled a 3 letter word, I suspect they were better at arts
         | and crafts than writing?
        
           | radiator wrote:
           | Don't you know that language changes over 350 years? Why do
           | you say it is a misspelling? Why do you judge them by today's
           | rules?
        
             | marcel_hecko wrote:
             | Its explicitly said in the article that its a misspelling.
        
               | radiator wrote:
               | Yes, I read that, and I obviously disagree with the
               | article as well.
        
             | gjm11 wrote:
             | (I'm not the grandparent poster, but:)
             | 
             | OED https://www.oed.com/dictionary/hen_n1?tab=forms#1717329
             | says "hean" was never a standard spelling of "hen". 350
             | years ago would be the late 1600s when there were "hen" and
             | "henn" and "henne". (I don't know exactly when in the 1600s
             | the latter two stopped being used; 350 years ago might
             | actually be too late for those.)
             | 
             | On the other hand, the idea that for every word there is a
             | single Correct spelling, as opposed to "write it however
             | you like so long as it's clear to the reader", wasn't so
             | well established in the late 1600s. But I _think_ most
             | 17th-century English folks would have regarded  "hean" as
             | wrong, not merely unusual.
             | 
             | (The article itself calls "hean" a misspelling, though of
             | course that doesn't prove much.)
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | Well, it's an attested spelling now so it will have to be
               | added to future dictionaries. After all, the girls were
               | probably native speakers.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | I wonder if that misspelling is some kind of inside joke lost
           | to time.
        
         | tetraca wrote:
         | If the only way you could entertain yourself is either make
         | something interesting or (maybe) read the Bible, you'd be very
         | good at making things.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | > Why where they so much more skilled than today's
         | schoolchildren?
         | 
         | Because today's school children spend a little more time
         | studying mathematics and science. Music, arts and crafts took
         | up a much larger part of 17th century girls education. Upper
         | and middle class girls were being taught what they needed to be
         | good wives.
         | 
         | > The school provided lessons in writing, reading, math, music
         | and art. The girls studied paper cutting alongside other
         | crafts, such as embroidery and needlework
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | No cable, radio serials, abundant and cheap ready-made toys,
         | recorded music, game boys, smart phones, pre-made mass
         | manufactured decorations for nearly no money, dirt-cheap puzzle
         | books at every store, clothes so cheap they're disposable, et
         | c.
         | 
         | If you want creative and skillful culture to be mass culture,
         | just make stuff really expensive and eliminate recording and
         | mechanical reproduction. Elevate the social and financial
         | rewards of sub-superstar levels of craft, art, and creativity.
         | We're losing those things because the value of them's been
         | driven into the ground.
        
       | markatkinson wrote:
       | We used to hide fruit in sockets with a small piece of paper
       | signed "Decay Inc". Looking forward to a Smithsonian article
       | about it in 350 years.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Sorry but that paper looks too white.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | You have no idea of the white balance settings used.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | I'm assuming they use correct settings.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | IIRC paper was mainly made from linen or cotton back then and
         | it actually was less likely to turn yellow than more modern
         | wood pulp paper (which was only invented in the early 1800s)
         | 
         | Paper made from textile is slightly alkaline and contains very
         | little lignin which is highly reactive and causes paper to turn
         | yellow over time. Pulp paper is also more acidic which also
         | makes it more susceptible to degradation.
        
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