[HN Gopher] Copying is the way design works
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Copying is the way design works
        
       Author : innerzeal
       Score  : 194 points
       Date   : 2024-07-22 18:59 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (matthewstrom.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (matthewstrom.com)
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | This is a great quote:
       | 
       | > In the middle of Apple's case against Microsoft, Xerox sued
       | Apple, hoping to establish its rights as the inventor of the
       | desktop interface. The court threw out this case, too, and
       | questioned why Xerox took so long to raise the issue. Bill Gates
       | later reflected on these cases: _"we both had this rich neighbor
       | named Xerox ... I broke into his house to steal the TV set and
       | found out that [Jobs] had already stolen it."_
        
         | manav wrote:
         | Copying from Xerox, some irony there.
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | Adds layers of irony to their "Redmond, start your
           | photocopiers" dig
           | https://www.padawan.info/en/images/photocopiers.html
        
             | freetinker wrote:
             | I miss this flavor of advertising. It all feels too anodyne
             | these days.
        
           | karmakaze wrote:
           | It's also a lesson that always seems to fail to be learned.
           | Xerox had the capital to set up a research arm, then failed
           | to convert on any ideas because they were too focused on
           | their current cash-cow. They eventually transitioned to
           | "document company" where a document wasn't only paper, but it
           | was too little/late.
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | > I broke into his house
         | 
         | Not fun at all. Microsoft is like Disney, they steal from
         | others and trounce others for stealing from them.
         | 
         | Absurd people.
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | Sad to see this _extremely_ historically accurate and
           | relevant comment downvoted.
           | 
           | And on the forum which should most know it to be true!
        
           | zogrodea wrote:
           | I'm not doubting, but can you give a few examples of
           | Microsoft trouncing others?
           | 
           | I do recall Disney (a main reason copyright laws last so
           | long, and who didn't want Steamboat Willie to enter public
           | domain).
           | 
           | I also think of Amazon (which the creator of the Elm
           | programming language describes as having "the Jeff problem"
           | because they steal smaller people's/team's ideas), although
           | that's a different problem.
           | 
           | I can't say anything comes to mind right now about MS,
           | though, which is most likely a failure of my
           | memory/knowledge. So I'd appreciate some examples.
        
         | turnsout wrote:
         | This is such a frustrating misunderstanding of the history, and
         | the history is fascinating. Xerox invited Apple to tour PARC in
         | exchange for $1M worth of pre-IPO Apple stock, which today
         | would be worth [checks notes] more than that. There was no
         | theft.
         | 
         | Apple engineers got to see the Alto, not the Star (the
         | screenshot in the article is wrong, the chronology is wrong).
         | The visit was so fast that Apple engineers thought they saw
         | realtime overlapping windows when they didn't. [0] So it's
         | possible Xerox was inspired by Apple with the Star, not the
         | other way around.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, Bill Gates totally outs himself as someone who would
         | steal shamelessly.
         | 
         | [0]: https://folklore.org/On_Xerox%2C_Apple_and_Progress.html
        
           | Hitton wrote:
           | Meanwhile Steve Jobs: "We have always been shameless about
           | stealing great ideas."
        
           | iczero wrote:
           | > There was no theft.
           | 
           | I didn't know that touring somewhere meant you could copy all
           | their designs. Was that explicitly stated?
        
           | pulse7 wrote:
           | Steve Jobs himself told what he saw at Xerox:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7aUJyJbJMw
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | Beautifully written article. One of my first ideological shifts
       | happened when Napster was released. Bits flowing freely without
       | being bounded by rules of the physical world deeply changed me
       | and while later I do understand artists need to get paid and make
       | a living, piracy and the pirating community is still very close
       | to my heart. The amount of innovation which comes out of that
       | space, is tremendous. The fact that zuckerberg could create
       | trillions of dollar on free projects such as php and apache is
       | not cherished enough.
       | 
       | I think we still haven't found a proper economy for the digital
       | world. The fact that pirating game of thrones was a better option
       | than waiting for it to be premiered in your region goes to show
       | there is still a lot of work to be done in this area. If there
       | wasn't piracy, free software, open source and american VC (the
       | first few waves, not the last few), this industry wouldn't have
       | grown at this pace.
        
         | ppqqrr wrote:
         | The "artists need to make a living" narrative against piracy is
         | pure deception. Truth is that most artists want nothing more
         | than for their messages to spread as widely as possible, as
         | that is also the most naturally profitable path for them in the
         | long term. It's only when managerial types get involved the
         | need to turn a quick buck by denying the natural flow of
         | information becomes a primary concern. So pirate away, knowing
         | that nothing of value is lost.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | I self-publish my books. The audience is decent, I publish
           | shortened audiobook versions for free, but frankly, I like
           | the fact that the paper books themselves are copyrighted and
           | no one can print them extremely cheaply and flood the market
           | with them at my expense.
           | 
           | It would have been natural, but also depressing.
        
             | surfingdino wrote:
             | I stopped self-publishing my books, because as soon as I
             | offered PDFs to those who purchased my paper books the
             | sales of printed copies tanked. Then nobody wanted to pay
             | for PDFs and Amazon screwed my KDP sales (banned my book).
             | The readers felt entitled to free copies and free
             | consultation on the subject of the book. It's really
             | depressing how entitled people feel to other people's
             | creative output or knowledge.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | That is why I publish freely the audio versions (which
               | only consist of about half of the stories within each
               | book), but not the PDFs.
        
             | shagie wrote:
             | > I like the fact that the paper books themselves are
             | copyrighted and no one can print them extremely cheaply and
             | flood the market with them at my expense.
             | 
             | Amazon has a book piracy problem ( 219 points by tosh on
             | July 8, 2022 | 120 comments )
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32026663
             | https://x.com/fchollet/status/1550930876183166976 (and via
             | Threadreader -
             | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1550930876183166976.html
             | ) - also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32210256 (
             | 665 points by jmillikin on July 24, 2022 | 193 comments )
             | 
             | Pirated books thrive on Amazon -- and authors say web giant
             | ignores fraud -
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35761641 ( 87 points
             | by vanilla-almond on April 30, 2023 | 79 comments )
             | https://nypost.com/2022/07/31/pirated-books-thrive-on-
             | amazon...
             | 
             | Amazon caught selling counterfeits of publisher's computer
             | books--again - https://arstechnica.com/information-
             | technology/2019/02/amazo...
             | 
             | Having something that is paper doesn't mean that no one
             | else can print them cheaply and flood the market. While it
             | might not be at your _expense_ - it certainly isn 't
             | something that is making you any money.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I don't self-publish on Amazon, though. I print my books
               | in a local printing shop and sell them using my e-shop
               | (Wordpress for blog, Woocommerce for e-shop).
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > The "artists need to make a living" narrative against
           | piracy is pure deception. Truth is that most artists want
           | [...]
           | 
           | I'd like to offer a more moderate option--or perhaps just
           | radical in a different direction.
           | 
           | Artists _would_ like to make a living, and the  "deception"
           | comes from how that slogan is used to falsely present the
           | powers-that-be as able, willing, and actively delivering on
           | that goal.
        
             | ppqqrr wrote:
             | Thanks for the clarification - I do not claim that artists
             | don't want to make a living. My point is that, too often,
             | the "artists need to make a living too" narrative is used
             | by the system that exploits artists.
        
               | hluska wrote:
               | Can you rephrase that without a double negative? I don't
               | have a clue what you're trying to say and your
               | explanation makes it worse.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Not parent poster, but I suspect the thesis can be
               | rephrased like:
               | 
               | "Artists _do_ want to make a living, however there 's a
               | nuance when it comes to achieving that. Finding enough
               | solid supporters requires such a wide dispersal of their
               | content that any 'anti-piracy' measures are almost always
               | counterproductive, at least when it comes to the
               | interests of artists as opposed to middlemen."
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | It's important to note _who_ is pushing the deception, here.
           | Creative industry is composed of both labor (artists) and
           | capital (publishers). I file artists under labor because
           | their valuable economic resource is time. They make money
           | when people pay them to make art. Unauthorized copying _has
           | harms_ , but the primary effect is that artists have to
           | expect to be paid money up-front, since the only way they get
           | profit participation on the sale of copies is if there's a
           | strictly enforced set of laws to grant a monopoly on copying.
           | That being said, money up-front is still a very common way
           | for artists to get paid, so "artists need to make a living"
           | is a half-truth.
           | 
           | Paying per-copy _and agreeing not to copy for some fixed
           | period_ is more consumer friendly than, say, everyone pooling
           | their money into a giant one-and-done Kickstarter and just
           | trusting that the end result will be good. If your work can
           | be published serially, then something like Patreon _might_
           | work, but that 's impractical for a lot of larger projects.
           | The consumer unfriendliness manifests in the form of risk:
           | who is out the money if something turns out to _suck_ , or
           | worse, doesn't even get made. The traditional "sell copies
           | with a monopoly" model means that if I don't like a work, I
           | just don't buy it. We have reviews to inform people if a
           | thing is good or not, but you can't review a finished work
           | based off the Kickstart campaign. This results in a market
           | dominated by scams of varying degrees, customers who are
           | hesitant to put money into campaigns that might not produce,
           | and artists that can only really make the business model work
           | if they have a lot of social capital and reputation to stake.
           | 
           | I mentioned fancy capitalist words like "risk" and "market",
           | so let's talk about the capitalist side of the business: the
           | publishers. Or "managerial types", as it were. They do not
           | make their money from selling the service of creating art,
           | they make money from selling art that has already been made,
           | which is capital. When Napster was telling people to stop
           | paying for music and just steal it, the publishers shat their
           | pants. An embarrassingly large part of the music business at
           | the time was reissuing old acts on CD[0][1], and even new
           | acts had to sell albums, which is why 90s listeners had to
           | deal with a flood of albums with one good song and 10
           | terrible ones.
           | 
           | It's specifically the capitalist side of the business that
           | got screwed over the hardest by Napster. What screwed over
           | artists was Spotify, which made music profitable again for
           | the capitalists by turning it into a subscription. A music
           | Boomer[2] accurately summed this up as a faucet pouring water
           | straight into a drain. This is the best way to devalue
           | artists, because it doesn't matter what songs the artists
           | make - just that the publishers control the flow of the
           | songs.
           | 
           | The Spotify mentality has percolated into basically every
           | other form of media over the last decade. It's why you will
           | own nothing and be 'happy', and why every publisher CEO has a
           | boner for generative AI, even as their artists are screaming
           | their heads off about being scraped. Publishers have
           | nominally been stolen from as well, but they don't care,
           | because the theft is in their benefit[3]. It's the exact
           | opposite of the Napster situation. What matters is not what
           | will benefit the artists, nor what the law says. What matters
           | is what will make _them_ richer.
           | 
           | [0] This is also why the SPARS code was a thing for a few
           | years - to distinguish between new recordings made for CD and
           | reissues riding the hype of digital music.
           | 
           | [1] Metallica _also_ found themselves caught on the back
           | foot, mainly because they found out Napster users were
           | trading pre-release soundtracks they 'd made. Their reaction
           | made them look like suits for a while, because Metallica had
           | gotten popular through unlicensed copying, though I don't
           | think this read was entirely fair.
           | 
           | [2] https://youtu.be/1bZ0OSEViyo?t=485
           | 
           | [3] I don't think generative AI will replace real artists,
           | but it doesn't matter so long as publishers believe it can.
        
       | doctorpangloss wrote:
       | > "Functionally and aesthetically, the chairs are identical."
       | 
       | Listen dude, go ahead and buy the $145 Modway chair. It's so bad,
       | it is $118 nowadays. It will literally fall apart under your ass.
       | Read the reviews.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Go further.
       | 
       | If you model ideas mathematically, you will see that societies
       | plagued with IPDD (https://breckyunits.com/ipdd.html) will become
       | extinct, because they prolong the lifespan of bad ideas, and
       | those with intellectual freedom, where bad ideas rapidly evolve
       | into good ideas, will rise to the top of the food chain. The
       | equation is simple: ETA! (https://breckyunits.com/eta.html)
       | 
       | Question whether we should even have a concept of "licenses"
       | (hint: we shouldn't). Look up "freedom licenses", which "freed"
       | African Americans used to have to carry around in the 1800's.
       | Think about how future generations will look at us for having a
       | concept of "licenses on ideas". Think about the natural
       | progression of automatic licenses on ideas (copyright act of
       | 1976), to breathing: there is no reason not to require "licenses"
       | to breathe, given that you exhale carbon dioxide molecules just
       | as you exhale "copyrighted" information.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | I think you are conflating copyright with patents. Licenses and
         | other forms of intellectual property protection exist so that
         | those who control means of production and distribution pay
         | those who have ideas, or produce creative output.
        
           | bediger4000 wrote:
           | I agree they're different, and different still from
           | trademarks, but the common thing is to conflate it all under
           | "Intellectual Property", isn't it?
           | 
           | I'm deeply suspicious of this conflation. I think it's done
           | on purpose, in bad faith, for nefarious reasons.
        
         | rileymat2 wrote:
         | Is there any evidence that the equations in the blog post model
         | the real world?
         | 
         | I ask, because these intellectual property protections are
         | intended to incentivize creation. If that incentive overwhelms
         | these models of information sharing and testing frictions then
         | the model is incomplete.
        
           | breck wrote:
           | > because these intellectual property protections are
           | intended to incentivize creation
           | 
           | Judge something not by what people say it does, but by what
           | it actually does.
           | 
           | > If that incentive overwhelms these models of information
           | sharing and testing frictions then the model is incomplete.
           | 
           | Agreed. But try as I might, I can't find any way
           | theoretically or empirically to model copyrights and patents
           | that show a positive impact on innovation.
           | 
           | Nature's survival of the fittest already provides near
           | infinite incentive to innovate.
           | 
           | Now, I think patents and copyrights had a positive side-
           | effect effect in the early days of the United States because
           | it created a centralized library in the District of Columbia
           | containing all of the latest information across the fledgling
           | nation. But with the Internet, we don't even need that
           | anymore. All the other parts of those laws are harmful and a
           | drain on innovation.
           | 
           | Look at what happened with Windows/Crowdstrike-ultimately
           | another harm caused by closed source, under-evolved "IP
           | protected" ideas. Ironically Microsoft calls Windows their
           | "Intellectual Property" when collecting money, but when that
           | IP harms people, suddenly it's not their property.
           | 
           | > Is there any evidence that the equations in the blog post
           | model the real world?
           | 
           | Depends on where you live. If you live in America, evidence
           | is all around you. :)
           | 
           | But here is some hard data, thousands of programming
           | languages ranked by languages most used to build other
           | languages (which gives an objective measure of idea quality):
           | 
           | https://pldb.io/lists/explorer.html#columns=rank~name~id~app.
           | ..
           | 
           | Utterly dominated by open source langs. Closed source, IP
           | ones are headed for extinction.
        
         | llamaimperative wrote:
         | Why on earth would IP keep bad ideas around? You're free to
         | make a better idea and let it compete in the market, since by
         | being better it'd definitionally be different.
        
           | iczero wrote:
           | Let's say someone patents, idk, Client-Side Decoration (CSD).
           | People like it, surely, because people use it. Unfortunately,
           | there is drastically reduced space to innovate because nobody
           | else can use that idea anymore. Expecting the patent holder
           | to innovate has proven to be a bad assumption in part because
           | IPR means they have no competition in that space anyways. The
           | idea stays bad because nobody else can make it better.
        
       | ljlolel wrote:
       | I can make cheap, small-scale facsimiles, fangzhipin, to
       | demonstrate some quality of the original. I can make exact
       | replicas, pixel-perfect fuzhipin, to learn how the originals and
       | their creators work. Or I can create shanzhai, unsolicited
       | redesigns, commenting and riffing on the work of others. All
       | these copies have an important role to play in the process of
       | design.
       | 
       | Whether you believe that it's worthwhile or worthless to copy,
       | whether you think that copies are a valuable part of the design
       | community or a scourge, you are using software, hardware,
       | websites and apps that all owe their existence to copying.
       | 
       | As long as there is design, there will be copying.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | As long as there are new ideas, those without such ideas will
         | copy them
        
           | CognitiveLens wrote:
           | But that take is too narrow - many of the 'great' painters
           | had extensive training in the work of previous masters,
           | frequently copying their works repeatedly in order to develop
           | technique and more deeply engage with what came before. After
           | developing that base skill and understanding, they had a
           | better toolset to express their own originality.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | I see that you've copied every word you used here, not very
           | original of you
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | As long as there are ideas, there will be people who claim
           | their "new ideas" have absolutely nothing in them derived
           | from any previous ideas. Such people then scorn others who do
           | not help them maintain the same fiction, and who instead dare
           | to acknowledge that _everything_ builds on what came before.
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | The author got lost in his argumentation. He starts with design,
       | but goes off into the lands of open source, patents, and art.
       | It's not a well-written or researched article. Design is not
       | software development is not art.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > As a designer, I feel the need to be original. If you're a
       | designer, or even if you're just interested in design, you
       | probably feel the need to be original, too.
       | 
       | I've been a professional designer since 2006, and I got over that
       | thinking pretty quickly. A designer trying to be strikingly
       | original is rarely acting in service of the design. If you want
       | to be strikingly original, you probably want to be an artist
       | instead of a designer. What a designer fundamentally does is
       | communicate the best solution to a problem, given the
       | requirements, goals, and constraints of that problem. Originality
       | is subordinate to that at best.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | This.
         | 
         | I was a UI/UX guy for about 5 years and worked for a company
         | that pumped out thousands of sites a year. A bunch of their
         | designs won awards and I saw their model and thought I could do
         | that, it seemed easy.
         | 
         | The hitch was that I was going to design really cool sites,
         | with all kinds of animations, huge text, have really cool
         | navigation menus, etc. In short, I had a very romantic idea
         | that I would dictate some incredible design to my clients. I
         | thought I was like the Frank Lloyd Wright of design and
         | whatever I showed people they would swoon and then go with
         | whatever uber cool thing I showed them.
         | 
         | Reality set in with my first client. Same thing, they didn't
         | want cool shit, they just wanted their potential clients to
         | find information about their work and contact them to hire
         | them. After another 4-5 clients, I suddenly realized that web
         | designers aren't some artist creating ultra cool, ultra rare
         | stuff that your clients must absolutely have like a Banksy
         | piece, they have more fundamental problems they're trying to
         | solve and want you to solve them for them.
         | 
         | I got my ego checked in a hurry, but it was a good lesson to
         | learn. You're not selling art, you're selling a solution to
         | their problems.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | It is not only that. For example wannabe EDM DJs think they
           | have to be creative and find tracks that no one ever heard to
           | be edgy or whatever... most of people pay for having cookie
           | cutter songs played so they can dance and have a good
           | experience and they don't want to be surprised on EDM event -
           | well there are big names that can do whatever they want of
           | course but that is different expectation.
           | 
           | The same with software devs that they think, it must be
           | "framework like code, extensible, reusable that will be there
           | for 20 years" - well no if it is crud app most likely it will
           | be trashed in 2 years stop overthinking and just do it :)
        
         | m12k wrote:
         | Also, one of the most important UX principles is for things to
         | work the way the user expects. And unless you are the market
         | leader, those expectations are mostly built based on all the
         | other designs that your users interact with, rather than yours.
         | So to the extent that originality means diverging from those
         | expectations that are built elsewhere, it is actively doing
         | your users a disservice, by not letting them leverage the
         | expectations and muscle memory they already have. Building on
         | paradigms that others have established as the norm means
         | meeting users where they are.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | Right. "Intuitive" mostly means "I have seen this elsewhere."
        
             | rachofsunshine wrote:
             | As a concrete example, the idea of a mouse was once
             | counterintuitive to users because they'd never seen one
             | before.
             | 
             | Windows included Solitaire with the OS in part to introduce
             | ideas like "click" or "click and drag" to users that were
             | unfamiliar with GUIs, by linking them to _physical_
             | concepts users did understand ( "oh, I have a physical
             | card, I can grab it and move it around, that makes
             | sense!").
        
       | indiv0 wrote:
       | Reminds me of one of my favourite video essays -- "Everything is
       | a Remix" [0]. The video and this article cover the same ideas
       | albeit with different examples. Which is funny on a meta level --
       | the article could be called a remix of the video.
       | 
       | The video (if I recall correctly) goes a bit further, attacking
       | patents/IP law as anti-creative.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJPERZDfyWc
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Yes and that Disney copied old fairy tales and made them their
         | own.
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | For a visual form of the same argument, but more about music and
       | film, see everything is a remix:
       | 
       | https://www.everythingisaremix.info/
       | 
       | It's been submitted to HN many times but has never spawned any
       | discussion:
       | 
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=everything+is+a+remix
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | It's easier to discuss a text, to quote from it, to comment on
         | it -- to remix it, you might say.
        
       | pembrook wrote:
       | Copying isn't just how design works, it's how everything works.
       | Humans are imitation machines.
       | 
       | We create new things by collecting, regurgitating and mutating
       | stuff we experience, just like LLMs. In a vacuum man has no ideas
       | outside of base impulses.
       | 
       | Hence why originality is a novice belief. The closer you get to
       | any field, the more you realize the stories around who made all
       | the breakthroughs are BS media narratives. Most if not all steps
       | forward in any field have hundreds of people clawing at similar
       | ideas concurrently.
        
         | tracerbulletx wrote:
         | This is why not much changed for 10s of thousands of years
         | until writing was invented, and accelerated when a valid method
         | of iteration (science) was instituted.
        
       | infoseek12 wrote:
       | An interesting article about Asian perspectives on copying
       | (https://aeon.co/essays/why-in-china-and-japan-a-copy-is-just...)
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | Re: The copied terracottas
       | 
       | Originality is overrated in art, painting restoration usually
       | entails repainting large sections of the original. The image and
       | the ideas far transcends the "original" which is usually reserved
       | for bragging rights for uber rich collectors. The best art is the
       | art you get to enjoy everyday.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | You sorta want to use affordance, when Apple creates a new type
       | of UI, it's usually because the introduced new tech. Like recent
       | Samsung copy cat AirPods, they cannot invent a new UI because
       | they are not the innovators, so they need to borrow affordances
       | from Apple.
       | 
       | On why they copy the shape and size, that is the part where you
       | can be more artistic, and it seems they have no taste.
       | 
       | (Affordance meaning using what people already is familiar with so
       | they don't have to relearn an interface)
        
         | esalman wrote:
         | A lot of the UI features and associated tech that apple
         | introduced in iPhone and iPad last few years lagged Android by
         | a few iterations. What gives?
        
       | eddyzh wrote:
       | Insightful perspective.
       | 
       | Maybe interesting to point out from what year it is. It looks
       | like 2020.
        
         | SushiHippie wrote:
         | Yep, the opengraph published_time is (taken from the source
         | code of the page):
         | 
         | Wed Oct 28 2020 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
         | 
         | Article has been submitted twice, but never gained any traction
         | (no comments, very few votes):
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30093794
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24925039
        
       | eduction wrote:
       | Steve Jobs didn't just waltz into Xerox PARC and steal a glimpse
       | at the Alto. That visit was heavily lawyered and PARC got Apple
       | shares as compensation. To summarize this as "stealing" is just
       | incorrect. Lazy work.
        
       | rogerclark wrote:
       | Carmack is a great programmer to be sure. Commander Keen,
       | however, was not a better version of Mario. It was worse than
       | Mario in every way -- art, music, and gameplay are all inferior.
       | 
       | Nobody outside of Gen X PC gamers know what Commander Keen is.
       | Everyone knows what Mario is. While copying may be the way design
       | works, copying only gets you so far.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | The article didn't say it was better. No one thought it was
         | better. It was just the first time anyone was able to smoothly
         | side scroll on a PC. By copying something, he was able to push
         | the boundaries of the perceived constraints of the technology
         | which I believe is what the article is pointing out.
        
           | rogerclark wrote:
           | "Disappointed, but not defeated, they resolved to build a
           | better version of Mario."
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | Resolved = tried, wished
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | Millennial here - I played this as a teenager on our ancient-
         | for-the-time family PC.
        
       | zogrodea wrote:
       | Great article. Reminds me of this quote from RG Collingwood about
       | how pervasive copying has been throughout history, and how the
       | famous names we know to have copied would be baffled about us
       | being shocked.
       | 
       | "Individualism would have it that the work of a genuine artist is
       | altogether 'original', that is to say, purely his own work and
       | not in any way that of other artists. The emotions expressed must
       | be simply and solely his own, and so must his way of expressing
       | them.
       | 
       | It is a shock to persons labouring under this prejudice when they
       | find that Shakespeare's plays, and notably Hamlet, that happy
       | hunting-ground of self-expressionists, are merely adaptations of
       | plays by other writers, scraps of Holinshed, Lives by Plutarch,
       | or excerpts from the Gesta Romanorum; that Handel copied out into
       | his own works whole movements by Arne; that the Scherzo of
       | Beethoven's C minor Symphony begins by reproducing the Finale of
       | Mozart's G minor, differently barred; or that Turner was in the
       | habit of lifting his composition from the works of Claude
       | Lorrain. Shakespeare or Handel or Beethoven or Turner would have
       | thought it odd that anybody should be shocked."
       | 
       | I do understand the desire to protect one's work too and find it
       | hard to take a single side.
        
       | jjcm wrote:
       | One of the mistakes I made as a young designer was pushing back
       | against trends and fads. My opinion at the time was that trends
       | that weren't thought out from a position of UX principles were an
       | anti-pattern to follow. As I matured more as a designer, I now
       | think nearly the opposite - not following trends is an anti-
       | pattern, since that's what your users will be used to.
       | 
       | Pull down to refresh is a great example of this. Not visible or
       | discoverable at all, but was all the hype when Tweetie first
       | released it. On paper it's an anti-pattern, but now it's so
       | ingrained as a trend and pattern that it became expected, and is
       | now muscle memory for many users.
       | 
       | The same goes with flat buttons - I used to be quite opposed to
       | them since there was no visual elevation off the page designating
       | it as a button. Now if you create a button with a bevel, users
       | will think it's an ad, not part of the page itself.
       | 
       | Copying leads to harmony in the wider ecosystem, and it creates a
       | defined agreement on what things are are how they work. It's an
       | important part of the user experience.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | There's been recent discussions on TV news about 'dupe' specific
       | sites for fashion and home goods. The big fear is that the
       | popularity of dupes will harm the original designers. However,
       | the idea of fashion copyright is only a modern concept. In
       | woodworking if you saw a chair you liked, you may pay for a plan,
       | but then make it yourself as many times as you wanted. A cobbler
       | would look at a shoe and know how to make it for their customer.
       | A tailor can change a collar or stitch to match what anyone
       | wants.There was no demand that every worker have a unique design
       | - everyone understood it was made to order. When it becomes
       | possible to scale a design to worldwide sales, then the claims of
       | uniqueness seem to us to become more important - but should they?
        
         | vizzier wrote:
         | Counterpoint to that though, guilds existed as a different form
         | of control for many hundreds or thousands of years. Instead of
         | controlling what people can make, just control who can make it.
        
         | chrstphrknwtn wrote:
         | Tom Ford commented on the issue of counterfeit and "knock off"
         | products in the fashion industry, he said after some research
         | (I assume by him/his company) they found that the people buying
         | the cheap counterfeit products weren't their customers anyway,
         | and so they weren't losing anything.
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | "Lesser artists borrow, great artists steal." -- Igor Stravinsky
       | 
       | (Probably stolen)
        
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