[HN Gopher] Ryanair wins screen scraping case against Booking.co...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ryanair wins screen scraping case against Booking.com in US court
       ruling
        
       Author : rodhan
       Score  : 241 points
       Date   : 2024-07-22 08:20 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.rte.ie)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.rte.ie)
        
       | snowpid wrote:
       | Though I am not a legal expert, it is fascinating, that both
       | European companies had this dispute in front of US courts. One
       | hypothesis would be, that Ryan Air lawyers saw higher chances
       | there than in EU courts.
        
         | ivan_gammel wrote:
         | Isn't Booking an American company now? The company in Amsterdam
         | is a subsidiary of Delaware company with HQ in Connecticut.
        
           | snowpid wrote:
           | Looks like an American company called Priceline bought
           | booking.com and rename themself after them.
           | 
           | Booking.com brands themself as European, during the DMA
           | debattes and complained they have a disadvantage to American
           | competitors.
        
           | hellweaver666 wrote:
           | Booking.com BV is a Dutch Company which has subsidiaries all
           | over the world but is also itself a subsidiary of Booking
           | Holdings Group which also owns Priceline, Kayak, OpenTable
           | and quite a few more companies.
        
           | em500 wrote:
           | Company nationality is a somewhat diffuse concept. IKEA,
           | Chrysler, Fiat and Citroen have holding companies in the
           | Netherlands. Should they be considered Dutch companies? Share
           | owners (also of American listed and incorporated companies)
           | are from all over the world.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | It depends, right? In case of Booking, aren't other
             | subsidiaries also selling airline tickets? It would be
             | reasonable for all those sites to have a common platform
             | for data and that means the holding company is the right
             | target to sue.
        
       | doix wrote:
       | Pretty light article, does anyone have any more context? Does
       | this set a strong precedent for all these types of sites?
       | Booking.com wouldn't be the only site reselling airline tickets,
       | in fact I wasn't even aware they did flights.
       | 
       | Does Booking.com do something particularly bad compared to
       | something like SkyScanner or Google flights?
       | 
       | > "We expect that this ruling will end the internet piracy and
       | overcharging perpetrated on both airlines and other travel
       | companies and consumers by the unlawful activity of OTA (online
       | travel agent) Pirates," Ryanair chief executive Michael O'Leary
       | said.
       | 
       | Why is it almost always cheaper to buy through some weird 3rd
       | party than with the airline directly? Sometimes it's a few bucks
       | and I book with the airline directly, but sometimes it's over $50
       | cheaper to book through some 3rd party I've never heard of.
        
         | figmert wrote:
         | I could be mistaken, but from what I'm understanding is that
         | Booking.com books the flights for you, by automating the
         | booking process on Ryanair (and subsequently add their own
         | fees), whereas the likes of SkyScanner show you the
         | information, then direct you to the Ryanair website to book
         | through the airline.
        
           | doix wrote:
           | You're right, I was mixing concepts. SkyScanner and Google
           | flights both do what you say. The companies that SkyScanner
           | and co find are what Ryanair are complaining about. So the
           | likes of; Trip, MyTrip, Kiwi, Expedia, GoToGate etc. I wonder
           | if this will affect all of them.
        
             | philipwhiuk wrote:
             | GoToGate is what booking.com flights actually are (at least
             | last time I booked). So probably.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Wikipedia says they did it at some point, but stopped.
               | 
               | >GoToGate was used for a time as the flight provider for
               | Booking.com for various European countries.[7]
        
           | madaxe_again wrote:
           | Yup, and having needed customer service the one time I booked
           | a flight through booking.com, I can confirm that they
           | absolutely get in the way - a name change on a ticket turned
           | into an almighty rigamarole with charges left right and
           | centre - even though it was booking who had truncated the
           | name - and the airline wouldn't talk to me directly as I
           | wasn't the booking party, booking.com was. The airline said
           | the change would have been free if they could do it
           | themselves, but the request had to originate from
           | booking.com, who not only charged nearly EUR200 but also took
           | so long about it (a week) they were almost too late.
           | 
           | I never thought I'd find myself arguing Ryanair's corner, but
           | adding booking.com to the mix likely just makes an already
           | poor experience with Ryanair truly dire.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Which is why I always try to cut out as many middlemen as
             | possible, especially when traveling. Except Costco, because
             | it's Costco.
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | Which is actually convenient for booking users. The Ryanair
           | website is a big mess.
        
             | 2rsf wrote:
             | I recently ordered ticket from Ryanair, if you simply look
             | for the "next" button nothing is a mess. The only somewhat
             | messy thing is the content of what you buy, for example a
             | family package has only one large suitcase which is
             | unusual, and that Ryanair are super strict at the airport-
             | I saw someone taking out socks to remove extra 300 grams
             | from their suitcase.
        
             | maccard wrote:
             | Is it? it's certainly no worse than EasyJet, and unlike the
             | larger transatlantic carriers (ba/united/delta are the ones
             | I'm most experienced with) the websites are navigable,
             | performant, and actually functional.
             | 
             | Meanwhile booking.com has a recurring pattern of diverting
             | you via search results to show you extra sponsored results.
             | My experience is that Ryanair is far easier to navigate and
             | book than Booking.com
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | I wonder how does booking.com pay for the tickets? Do they
           | use a new card for every transaction or do they buy thousands
           | of tickets with the same card? Do they use a corporate card
           | or personal card (which might be against ToS)? If they use a
           | corporate card, isn't it easy for Ryanair to see it and block
           | the transaction?
           | 
           | Also, cannot airline see that requests come from datacenter
           | IPs and not from residential?
           | 
           | It looks like it is super easy to block this on airline side.
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | Virtual credit cards are an established financial
             | technology.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_payment_number
             | 
             | IP addresses are a tradeable commodity.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | To issue virtual card numbers you must be a bank, right?
        
               | tblt wrote:
               | To be issued a virtual card number, you need only be a
               | bank customer
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Also, cannot airline see that requests come from
             | datacenter IPs and not from residential?
             | 
             | Easily solveable by getting a data SIM, plugging it into a
             | LTE/5G USB stick, and routing your traffic through that.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | It is not very reliable link though, there will be
               | errors, timeouts.
        
         | Klonoar wrote:
         | _> Does Booking.com do something particularly bad compared to
         | something like SkyScanner or Google flights?_
         | 
         | Presumably, given they're fine with Google Flights:
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67873695
         | 
         |  _" In a statement, Ryanair described the online agents as
         | "pirates". It said it would "continue to make its fares
         | available to honest/transparent online travel agents such as
         | Google Flights," which it said "do not add hidden mark ups to
         | Ryanair prices and who direct passengers to make their bookings
         | directly on the Ryanair.com website"."_
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | > honest/transparent online travel agents such as Google
           | Flights
           | 
           | Disingenuous at best. Google Flights is not a Ryanair agent.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | > Does this set a strong precedent for all these types of
         | sites?
         | 
         | Ryanair has successfully sued other companies doing the same
         | for a while now. But I mostly know about their cases in the EU.
         | This case is from USA.
         | 
         | > Why is it almost always cheaper to buy through some weird 3rd
         | party than with the airline directly?
         | 
         | It's not necessarily cheaper, the flight-search is usually just
         | better in filtering, and has a cache of previous results. So
         | humans might get the same cheap result if they just search long
         | enough and know how to use the airline-site efficiently.
        
         | chx wrote:
         | > Why is it almost always cheaper to buy through some weird 3rd
         | party than with the airline directly?
         | 
         | > sometimes it's over $50 cheaper
         | 
         | $ tells me you are in the US where these kind of legacy
         | shenanigans happen. Never with Ryanair.
        
           | doix wrote:
           | I'm actually from the UK, just wrote it in dollars since it's
           | a currency I assume everyone knows the value of. I just check
           | SkyScanner and buy from the cheapest reseller. Very recently
           | I had to buy a ticket from Edinburgh to Oslo, it was PS45
           | cheaper to buy it from Trip.com than directly from Norwegian
           | Airlines.
           | 
           | Out of curiosity, I did go and check a bunch of routes that I
           | know Ryanair flies on SkyScanner, and it was cheaper to buy
           | directly from Ryanair. So fair play to them, I'm surprised
           | anyone would buy from a 3rd party when buying direct is
           | cheaper.
        
       | trte9343r4 wrote:
       | There was similar case with Kiwi.com.
       | 
       | Issue was that Kiwi pocketed refounds, would not inform customers
       | of flight changes, changing baggage was very hard...
       | 
       | Ryanair service is OK (if you take it as a bus company). There do
       | no play dead as Airbnb support. During covid they provided
       | refunds sooner than Lufthanza for example.
        
       | cactusplant7374 wrote:
       | Did Ryanair try blocking their IP's or adding captchas? Or did
       | they sue because the cat and mouse game became too much?
        
         | walthamstow wrote:
         | If you play the whackamole game with IP blocking and captchas,
         | you'll be playing it forever. A court ruling against the
         | practice is much more effective.
        
         | pickledoyster wrote:
         | iirc, Ryanair login-walled ticket prices, which means anyone
         | accessing the pricing/booking pages were agreeing to their ToS
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | I'm not sure that's what login-walled means (ie I can access
           | pricing and booking pages without logging in)
           | 
           | If you search on google you are also agreeing to their terms,
           | there just isn't a checkbox.
        
             | codetrotter wrote:
             | This case is about more than that:
             | 
             | > It says the companies, which use screen-scraping software
             | to find and resell tickets, add additional charges and make
             | it difficult for the airline to contact passengers.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | What it's 'about' (according to one side) and the law
               | involved are 2 separate things.
               | 
               | When I buy something from the supermarket, they add
               | charges and make it difficult for the manufacturer to
               | contact me directly, so that isn't illegal. Many things
               | with bad outcomes are legal.
               | 
               | Breaking the terms of service of the site may be illegal,
               | and if you're mis representing yourself to log in, even
               | more so.
               | 
               | But then you're also moving away from what I would term
               | screen scraping.
        
               | chrisjj wrote:
               | > make it difficult for the manufacturer to contact me
               | directly
               | 
               | Probably a good thing in the case of most manufacturers.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > If you search on google you are also agreeing to their
             | terms, there just isn't a checkbox.
             | 
             | Depends where you are, really. In Europe, where Ryanair
             | does virtually all their business, courts have generally
             | been reluctant to take the "haha, you clicked on the
             | website, you've magically agreed to the license" thing as
             | being particularly meaningful, and recent regulations have
             | cut down the usefulness of EULAs even further.
             | 
             | That said, Ryanair prices aren't login-walled anyway.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | Nah, just went to their website; you don't need to be logged
           | in to price tickets.
           | 
           | (It's _possible_ that this is a recent DMA/DSA compliance
           | thing, I suppose.)
        
       | always_learning wrote:
       | pretty bad precedent, id argue that anything thats publicly
       | accesible is free to be scraped. So unless they did something
       | illegal via bypassing security, then this sets a really bad tone
       | for internet archival, web scraping and data collection in the
       | future.
        
         | walthamstow wrote:
         | As I understand it, scraping data read-only is fine (Google
         | Flights, Skyscanner etc) but using automated processes to book
         | tickets on behalf of customers without sending them to the
         | Ryanair site is not fine.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | And here I was thinking that read-only was part of the
           | definition of scraping?
        
             | tgv wrote:
             | The article mentions reselling.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | Yeah, it's not a terribly well-written article, and
             | _Ryanair_ is certainly trying to push the line that this is
             | about scraping, but it's hard to imagine that the _resale_
             | thing wasn't a significant part of the case.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | If the ruling (which I haven't read) says automated booking
           | via screen scraping is illegal: wouldn't a workaround be to
           | replace the automated process with a human in a low-cost
           | country?
        
             | hellweaver666 wrote:
             | That sounds like a very Amazon-esque solution!
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | Sure, but that's what _you_ want, not what booking.com
             | wants. Booking.com wants to charge you for the service, and
             | if they 're not part of the transaction they'd have to get
             | money out-of-band, e.g. as a subscription for the price
             | finding service.
             | 
             | Remember that this lawsuit is between two large companies
             | _both_ trying to get your money.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Booking.com wants to charge you for the service, and if
               | they're not part of the transaction they'd have to get
               | money out-of-band
               | 
               | I think you misunderstand what I meant. To be more
               | specific: if the ruling says that automated booking via
               | screen scraping is illegal - what's to stop Booking.com
               | hiring warm bodies in low cost countries, replacing their
               | fully automated solution with a semi-automated solution
               | to dodge the ruling, and continuing to charge their
               | customers for that service?
        
             | whazor wrote:
             | Or performing screen scraping in a country where it is not
             | illegal.
        
           | reddalo wrote:
           | I'm not sure Google Flights actually scrapes RyanAir. I think
           | they connect to API services such as Amadeus.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | Google owns ITA which has all of the pricing data.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITA_Software
        
               | chx wrote:
               | Not Ryanair, no. Wizz Air got semi-recently hooked into
               | the GDS systems but Ryanair no.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | In fact I wrote my own RyanAir scraper to get the best prices
         | on flights (it is trivial to implement, they barely have any
         | rate limits - in particular if you use the API endpoint where
         | you search for flights departing from a specific airport).
         | 
         | But I guess my scraping is a lot less, as I'm only looking for
         | a few flights
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | Same here. Except my rate was sufficient to trigger
           | throttling.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | Which API requests did you use?
        
               | chrisjj wrote:
               | HTTP POST :)
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | This lawsuit is not about scraping, it is about booking.com
         | acting as a reseller of ryanair products without a reseller
         | agreement - to which they mention that booking.com adds their
         | own profits to the transaction and makes ryanair unable to
         | communicate with the real customer - _through_ "unauthorized
         | access" (scraping).
         | 
         | What we on hackernews would consider scraping is not covered by
         | this lawsuit, and ryanair's vendetta is not against scraping
         | but "pirate online travel agencies" (resellers).
        
           | wcedmisten wrote:
           | Would a restaurant have the same case against Doordash? Seems
           | like a fairly common business model
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | Depends. Established, well-behaved food delivery apps have
             | agreements with the restaurants and have direct integration
             | - not scraping. They take absurd margins, but that's a
             | separate issue.
             | 
             | When the food delivery apps "scrape", it's _sometimes_
             | okay, but often not: The food offered by a place might be
             | made to be eaten immediately, in which case a 60 minute
             | delivery might guarantee a horrible experience. The food
             | might not even be safe to transport by intermediate
             | handlers, such as if the food is not packaged in sealed
             | containers. In both cases, the food place ends up with
             | dissatisfied customers and bad reputation for something
             | they neither did nor wanted to do.
             | 
             | John Oliver had an interesting video on the topic:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFsfJYWpqII
        
           | ericd wrote:
           | Why is the CFAA mentioned, then? That's historically been
           | used as a bludgeon against scraping.
           | 
           | "A US court ruled that Booking.com violated the Computer
           | Fraud and Abuse Act by accessing part of Ryanair's website
           | without permission, court documents showed, a ruling the
           | airline said would help end unauthorised screen scraping by
           | booking sites."
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | Ryanair had previously send Cease & Desist letters to
             | Booking.com so they were very explicitly unauthorized
             | Booking.com from accessing their website.
             | 
             | The part that annoys me is the losses are redacted [1].
             | Judging by the length of the redaction its much more than
             | the $5000 they were ultimately awarded. I'm also very
             | unclear what harm will actually befall Ryanair if the
             | losses weren't redacted.
             | 
             | [1]:
             | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/18414221/354/ryanair-
             | da...
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | I'm not a lawyer, and I haven't kept up very closely with
               | the movements in scraping legality, but my impression was
               | that it was ruled in the past few years that if it's on
               | the public internet with no login-wall being
               | circumvented, then CFAA isn't applicable? I seem to
               | recall a collective sigh of relief around some of those
               | rulings.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | It's not public, it's just generally accessible but with rules.
         | It's similar to how a physical shop is accessible to everyone
         | by default, but the owner still has the right to refuse
         | business and deny access if you behave bad. The problem is that
         | you can't easily deny companies like booking-com access to a
         | website, as they can circumvent any technical barrier.
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | Simple scraping is one thing. Scraping to resell in breach of
         | agreed terms is quite another.
        
       | lifestyleguru wrote:
       | Simultaneously being hostile towards users with upselling dark
       | patterns and towards web scappers where everyone is a suspect,
       | that's what most of the web has become.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Mind you, Booking.com is no stranger to using dark patterns
         | itself...
        
           | lifestyleguru wrote:
           | I'm avoiding them at all cost, unfortunately I'm unable to
           | avoid airline reservation websites and apps
        
           | 2rsf wrote:
           | Even more than Ryanair, they are on the verge of cheating in
           | the search and order process while Ryanair "merely" shows
           | aggressive offers.
        
       | teeheelol wrote:
       | I'm not sure why because Ryanair looks really good on the
       | scrapers. I bet it drives a lot of business their way.
       | 
       | That is of course until you add all the additional charges.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | You can fly for not a lot of money on Ryanair, their fee
         | structure, website, and app are similar to all other budget
         | airlines. Those extra fees are for handling your luggage (extra
         | manpower and fuel). If you want to complain about Ryanair's
         | fees, get hold of the Fees Schedule for the airport you fly
         | from and to. You will learn how much airports charge for
         | landing, parking, hangarage, handling, fuel, etc. It's an eye-
         | opening read.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Ryanair's claim was that Booking.com etc was reselling its
         | seats, adding its own charges on top, and providing false
         | passenger details. It's in Ryanair's interest to portray this
         | as basically a screen scraping case (because Ryanair don't like
         | screen scraping in general), but there does seem to be more to
         | it than just that.
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | Ryanair relies on dark patterns and brainwashing as part of
           | the checkout process to sell you hotels, insurance, car hire,
           | etc. Those feed into their income stream.
           | 
           | If you bypass that process they don't make their profit.
        
             | 2rsf wrote:
             | I am not sure what "dark patterns and brainwashing" are you
             | referring to, I booked flights through Norwegian- a calm
             | scandinavian low cost company, and had to say no many times
             | to car and hotel offers. The same when renting cars from
             | big companies.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Lets say 20% of people booking through ryanair and paying
               | PS30 for a flight go for their "upselling" (which is
               | deliberatly designed to get more people to add it). That
               | makes ryanair PS50 each. That pushes the revenue per
               | customer upto PS40.
               | 
               | Lets say the cost is PS35, and thus ryanair makes PS5
               | profit per passenger.
               | 
               | Now lets say someone else comes along as sells the
               | ryanair flight for PS30 and has their own "upselling":
               | "Click here to not avoid missing out on our great
               | protection package" etc. Ryanair now is making a PS5 loss
               | on each ticket sold, and the reseller is making it
               | instead.
        
             | Toutouxc wrote:
             | I still don't understand, I flew with them last year, and
             | just now I dry-ran booking a flight from Prague to Bologna.
             | The entire thing feels quite streamlined and
             | straightforward. Pick two dates, you're offered flights on
             | or around the dates, you pick the flights, then you pick
             | the "package" (basic, regular, plus, flexi plus) and it
             | shows a HUGE matrix with big fat check marks for stuff you
             | get and no check marks for stuff you DON'T GET (reserved
             | seats, cabin luggage, checked luggage, free check-in at the
             | airport). Honestly, if someone can't navigate the process
             | as it is today, I'd be worried about them traveling to a
             | foreign country. Any additional offers (hotels, insurance,
             | cars) you can safely ignore.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | Yes, in their defense, that matrix is an improvement.
               | Though it's not perfect and still intended to fool
               | people: you would expect as you go up the tiers that
               | everything from the previous tier is included but that's
               | not the case: "Plus" doesn't include a carry-on/priority
               | boarding from the "Regular" fare. And the most expensive
               | option "Flexi Plus" doesn't include a checked bag (easy
               | to miss when all other options are included)
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | Consider the business it drives away from Ryanair by the price
         | raise.
        
       | arghwhat wrote:
       | > A jury in the District Court of Delaware unanimously found that
       | Booking.com violated the Computer Fraud and Abuse act and that it
       | had induced a third party to access parts of Ryanair's website
       | without authorisation "with an intent to defraud," the verdict
       | said
       | 
       | I imagine this is limited to a scenario where you: 1. Act as a
       | middle-man for the transaction (as this lawsuit was about
       | resale), 2. Interfere with pricing or other service aspects, 3.
       | Add your own profit. I don't think this sets any precedent
       | against scraping on its own.
       | 
       | (The highly variable and discriminatory pricing of travel would
       | also best be addressed in regulation, rather than relying
       | entirely on third-party resellers to rescue you.)
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > and that it had induced a third party to access parts of
         | Ryanair's website without authorisation "with an intent to
         | defraud," the verdict said
         | 
         | Where was the "defraud" happening here? When Ryanair wants to
         | make money on flights they shouldn't offer flight tickets that
         | only make money when they can lure the consumer to purchase
         | addons via a boatload of dark patterns.
         | 
         | For me as someone looking to book a flight, bookingcom acts as
         | a user agent in my service so why should Ryanair have _any_
         | legal basis on preventing bookingcom from doing so?!
         | 
         | Side note: Where is a service where I can just enter from/to
         | which city/airport I want to fly (or in Europe also rail), what
         | luggage and passengers I carry, and it spits me out the
         | cheapest price offered for the route and sells me the ticket(s)
         | without having to create individual accounts, spread payment
         | info around and try to fight myself through a shitton of dark
         | patterns, broken English and constantly changing UIs? I know
         | this shit is possible, travel agents live and breathe for that
         | stuff, but I'd like to do that _myself_ instead of getting
         | upselled by the travel agent. Rail and flight should be dumb
         | pipes.
        
           | com wrote:
           | Just for rail, I quite like trainline.com. It tries to hide
           | the madness that is very poor national/private rail service
           | and their ticketing regimes, but really there's only so much
           | you can do, so often I get two or more tickets for legs of
           | travel, some of which change as I remain on the same train?!?
        
             | ytwySXpMbS wrote:
             | I use Railboard, exactly like trainline but without the
             | booking fee as it's made by national rail
        
               | com wrote:
               | Thanks for that! Unfortunately UK only? Do you know of
               | similar no-fee apps for pan-European travel?
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | > Where was the "defraud" happening here? When Ryanair wants
           | to make money on flights they shouldn't offer flight tickets
           | that only make money when they can lure the consumer to
           | purchase addons via a boatload of dark patterns.
           | 
           | This lawsuit is not about ryanair's pricing model, so that
           | the company engages in bad practices is irrelevant to the
           | court decision. What matters is that booking.com wants to
           | earn money on selling ryanair tickets while evading using
           | reseller agreements by using the site as if they were a
           | private customer (likely also against the terms of service),
           | with supposedly some bad side-effects like ryanair being
           | unable to communicate with the customer (which could be bad
           | if they wanted to e.g. give you a notice about the flight
           | during the sales process).
           | 
           | You will have to sue ryanair specifically about their pricing
           | to get a decision on that, which of course first requires
           | ensuring that it is unlawful or unfair business conduct
           | within your jurisdiction (which it might not be).
           | 
           | > bookingcom acts as a user agent in my service so why should
           | Ryanair have any legal basis on preventing bookingcom from
           | doing so?!
           | 
           | They are not your useragent, they are acting as a reseller:
           | You buy a product from them which they acquire elsewhere,
           | taking a profit in the process.
           | 
           | If they were in fact entirely transparent in the process,
           | merely allowing you to purchase the product at the best
           | available price directly (e.g., a plugin to find
           | deals/discounts, VPN to get it from the cheapest region,
           | etc.), then the case would have been hard or impossible for
           | ryanair to make.
        
             | wodenokoto wrote:
             | I think parents point is:
             | 
             | It's only because of Ryan Airs business model of upselling
             | via dark patterns that they care.
             | 
             | And because of these dark patterns, parent as a consumer is
             | willing to pay someone else to go through the booking
             | process and avoid the dark pattern on their behalf.
             | 
             | And the point is good: if company A is annoying to interact
             | with, why can't you pay company B to do it for you?
        
               | SkyBelow wrote:
               | Isn't the issue that you can do that, but Company A can
               | also add in a clause that you can only do business with
               | us (or with this specific product/website/etc. we offer)
               | if you agree to be buying the tickets for yourself and
               | not for someone else. In which case, if Company B says
               | they are, they are lying.
               | 
               | I think one interesting question from this is what
               | happens when you put an AI in there instead. If Company B
               | sells an AI that Person can use to interact with Company
               | A, at what point does it count as Person's interaction
               | and at what point does it count as Company A's
               | interaction.
               | 
               | Obviously Person is allowed to use technology to interact
               | on behalf of them. They are using Chrome, or IE, or
               | Firefox, etc. This doesn't count as
               | Google/Microsoft/Mozilla interacting with Company A. So
               | on a continuum (likely multi dimensional) from internet
               | browsers to what Booking.com did in this case, including
               | AI somewhere in the continuum space, where is the legal
               | limit?
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > They are not your useragent, they are acting as a
             | reseller: You buy a product from them which they acquire
             | elsewhere, taking a profit in the process.
             | 
             | Yeah so what? Why should anyone, be it a private person or
             | a commercial entity, be restricted from buying something
             | and then re-selling it to another person or entity?
             | 
             | The only thing I'm willing to accept as a restriction for
             | _any_ kind of legal transaction is a reasonable price cap
             | (i.e. no sale above face value of tickets + 5% fees) to get
             | scalpers under control and for security reasons (e.g. name-
             | bound tickets for sports events to prevent hooligans from
             | attending or flight tickets to prevent terrorists from
             | boarding).
             | 
             | But neither applies in this case - flight tickets usually
             | are not a scarce commodity that attracts scalpers and the
             | airline has the full set of PNR data.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | _flight tickets usually are not a scarce commodity that
               | attracts scalpers_
               | 
               | If airline ticket resale was as easy as concert tickets,
               | you'd probably see a predatory scalping market develop.
               | Airplane tickets are scarce in that there is limited
               | ability to adjust supply, especially in the short term.
               | If flights to a destination are booked, you can't just
               | throw another plane on the route because the gates are
               | limited and inflexible.
        
               | Marsymars wrote:
               | > If airline ticket resale was as easy as concert
               | tickets, you'd probably see a predatory scalping market
               | develop.
               | 
               | I don't think so, because a predatory scalping market
               | only happens when artists are pricing their tickets below
               | the market rate.
               | 
               | Airlines have so such compunction, so they'd just raise
               | their prices until scalpers no longer had a margin
               | opportunity. Or, to put in another way, airline pricing
               | is _already_ as  "predatory" as the most aggressive
               | scalping markets.
        
               | inopinatus wrote:
               | > Why should anyone ... be restricted from buying
               | something and then re-selling it to another person
               | 
               | because:
               | 
               | > flight tickets usually are not a scarce commodity
               | 
               | Airline tickets are _not a commodity_ , full stop. They
               | form a contract for a service between the airline and the
               | customer. They're not a bag of fucking apples. Travel
               | agents, when arranging air fares, are agents in the legal
               | sense (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_agency) and
               | not resellers. Booking.com were screwed on that front
               | because they were deceptive in the particulars, a failure
               | of good faith dealing that undermines the claim of
               | agency.
        
           | jddj wrote:
           | Airline websites stick a giant middle finger up at the
           | traditional ecommerce mantra that every extra second costs
           | you N% of sales.
           | 
           | I had to load the desktop version of vueling.com the other
           | day just to have the UI understand that I didn't want to
           | purchase a return flight.
        
             | chrisdbanks wrote:
             | Vueling doesn't even comply with GDPR on their marketing
             | sign up. It's a singularly terrible experience.
        
           | simiones wrote:
           | There is no general legal right for one entity to interpose
           | itself between another entity and its customers. The concept
           | of a User Agent is not a legal concept, it is merely a
           | technical term. If RyanAir doesn't want you to interact with
           | its site through Firefox, they have a legal right to do so.
           | They doubly so have the right to ban Booking.com from buying
           | tickets on your behalf, and then selling them to you for more
           | money.
        
           | CaptainZapp wrote:
           | > Where is a service where I can just enter from/to which
           | city/airport I want to fly (or in Europe also rail)
           | 
           | Try momondo.com. You can add # of luggage (checked in &
           | cabin) and play with some other parameters. They won't, or
           | very rarely will, show train connections. They sometimes show
           | bus connections, though.
           | 
           | For train travel I find trainline.com quite good. It gives
           | you an overview over what's available an with which carriers.
           | They are UK focused but offer tickets throughout Europe.
           | 
           | The Man in Seat 61 is (https://www.seat61.com/) is an
           | invaluable resource to inform yourself about train travel.
           | Mostly focused on Europe but covering the world.
           | 
           | Hope this helps.
           | 
           | Edited to add : I use Momondo as an information resource
           | about available carriers and pricing for specific routes. I
           | would never book via an OTA, but strcitly with the airline
           | executing the flight. No matter if it's a few franks more.
           | 
           | If there's any problem with your flight you're up shit creek
           | if you have to deal via a third party.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I much prefer to book directly for air and hotels. If
             | something goes wrong, there's one less level of
             | indirection.
        
               | gomox wrote:
               | On the flip side if something goes wrong you get to
               | discover what $RANDOM_VENDOR in $RANDOM_COUNTRY thinks is
               | a reasonable policy for handling it, which is not usually
               | a big risk for domestic USA travel, but for international
               | travel can be a true wrench in the spokes.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Maybe but if $RANDOM_VENDOR isn't willing/able to help, I
               | don't really expect Expedia to. That said, I do use an
               | agent to arrange self-guided walking trips and things
               | like that and they seem to be a useful resource rather
               | than planning and booking the whole thing myself, in
               | part, because a lot of local knowledge can be involved.
               | But that's different from booking 5 nights in some
               | European city.
        
               | snotrockets wrote:
               | I had a couple of times when car rentals and hotels
               | decided to add surprise charges when I arrived. As those
               | was booked through Expedia, the latter refunded me those
               | immediately (and I suspect went and got them back from
               | the vendor later)
        
             | nkg wrote:
             | >If there's any problem with your flight you're up shit
             | creek if you have to deal via a third party.
             | 
             | I have learned that the hard way. My flight was cancelled
             | and I don't get any notification. There is a real
             | communication issue between OTAs and airlines. After a week
             | of poking the customer service, I got a refund from Opodo,
             | fortunately.
        
           | notresidenter wrote:
           | rome2rio.com comes closest to that experience compared to the
           | other services (not affiliated)
        
           | dudeinjapan wrote:
           | To answer side question: try skiplagged.com
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > (The highly variable and discriminatory pricing of travel
         | would also best be addressed in regulation, rather than relying
         | entirely on third-party resellers to rescue you.)
         | 
         | How difficult would it be to destroy Booking.com's entire
         | businessmodel or at least their grip on the market?
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Booking.com's ... grip on the market?
           | 
           | Do they have a significant grip on the market? I've never
           | used them, but for all I know they sell a majority of plane
           | tickets.
           | 
           | Then again I haven't used Ryanair either. The reputations of
           | Ryanair, Spirit etc are sufficient for me to avoid them. But
           | in booking.com's case I barely even know it exists.
        
             | naiv wrote:
             | They own Priceline, Kayak, Agoda and a lot of other sites
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Ah, thanks. I do use kayak to look up flights (which I
               | then book directly).
        
             | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
             | They're bigger in Europe
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | And (South East) Asia
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Under the brand name Agoda if I remember correctly
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That's probably true. I've never used them in the US but
               | they seem to often be the site of choice in Europe and
               | Asia (and, based on one recent experience in Europe, can
               | have inventory that can't be accessed any other way).
               | That said, you also have to take direct bookings into
               | account which is most of what I (at any rate) do.
        
               | dawnerd wrote:
               | You may have used them indirectly though due to them
               | owning a lot of OTAs. It's basically a duopoly of Booking
               | Holding and Expedia Group.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | > According to Booking Holdings (Booking.com)'s latest
             | financial reports the company's current revenue (TTM ) is
             | $22.00 B. In 2023 the company made a revenue of $21.36 B an
             | increase over the years 2022 revenue that were of $17.09 B
             | 
             | (from a google search)
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Is that 1% or 100% of their market? Did they turn a
               | profit?
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Wow! Shows I'm living under a basket.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Those numbers did not answer any of your questions.
               | 
               | They are doing significantly better than the main
               | competing travel agent website:
               | 
               | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/BKNG/booking-
               | holdi...
               | 
               | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/EXPE/expedia/ma
               | rke...
               | 
               | What I always find interesting is middlemen businesses
               | that don't do any of the risky and laborious work, such
               | as operating hotels and airlines and car rental
               | businesses, earning higher profit margins and profits
               | than the businesses that have to put much more on the
               | line.
               | 
               | You would think the internet would especially be able to
               | split the profit margin of these middlemen between the
               | customer and the actual businesses that do the work by
               | automating and commodifying the middleman's function.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | That's normal. Information is a very valuable resource.
               | It's often the case that advertising companies can be
               | very profitable while people advertising using them have
               | worse margins.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The information being referred to here is not scarce,
               | though.
               | 
               | All airlines and hotels and car rental websites show
               | everyone the information, at the cost of a few minutes
               | low effort button clicking. A vast change from how
               | difficult and time consuming it was to access information
               | before the internet.
        
             | stby wrote:
             | At least enough grip on the market to get designated as a
             | gatekeeper under the DMA by the EU [0].
             | 
             | [0] https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/05/13/bookingcom-
             | gatekeep...
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | We used to regulate air travel. It was a lot more expensive
         | then.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | And you still regulate it, just differently.
           | 
           | The implied conclusion that regulation makes things expensive
           | is wrong, and comparing the air travel market _over half a
           | century ago_ with the market today, and crediting a change
           | made in 1978 for the difference doesn't make sense.
           | 
           | EU air travel is quite regulated with e.g. consumer rights
           | for cash compensation, hotel and food service in case of
           | delay, and yet air travel reached a point some years before
           | covid where some providers played with the thought of having
           | tickets be free - the main source of income for the airlines
           | was in duty-free on either end of the journey anyway, so more
           | travelers meant more revenue even if their tickets were zero.
           | 
           | Disallowing discriminatory and unfair business practices is
           | not the same as having the government set travel prices.
        
             | jermaustin1 wrote:
             | Flying budget air carriers is already so incredibly cheap
             | in the EU. It is cheaper to fly from Belfast to London,
             | than it is to fly Houston to Austin (half the distance) or
             | Houston to New Orleans (roughly the same distance).
             | 
             | I wish the US could figure that out.
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | RyanAir used to fly to Morocco, and it was often cheaper
               | to go Dublin -> Marrakesh than it was to get a plane or
               | train from London to Manchester.
               | 
               | Lot of it comes down to individual airports and fees.
               | Part of the reason that RyanAir flies into Buvais rather
               | than CDG or Orly when you fly with them to 'Paris', or
               | that other joke airport they use instead of Berlin.
        
               | thinkindie wrote:
               | Ryanair flies to Berlin. Even before the new airport,
               | they were flying to Schoenefeld which was just outside
               | the city limits. In fact, the old airport was just across
               | the runaways of the new one and you can still reach the
               | old terminal building with the commuter train.
               | Schoenefeld was the old East Berlin airport, which was
               | indeed suboptimal for the load of travellers it got over
               | time.
        
               | pimeys wrote:
               | The are going to renovate Schonefeld and make it a
               | private airport for German politicians. I guess the
               | project will be ready in 20-30 years...
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | In general, European air travel is often pretty cheap
               | relative to trains. Varies enormously though.
        
               | isoprophlex wrote:
               | A pilot friend who flew for ryanair showed me around
               | control tower of Frankfurt Hahn (hint: nowhere near the
               | real frankfurt) some ten years ago. We were shooting the
               | shit with the controllers as a private jet plane came in
               | on the radio, asking permission to land. After some back
               | and forth they discovered this was the fake frankfurt,
               | and eventually didn't come in for landing. That got a
               | good chuckle from everyone...
        
             | yawnxyz wrote:
             | I think they just want to bring back smoking on planes
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | > having tickets be free - the main source of income for
             | the airlines was in duty-free on either end of the journey
             | anyway
             | 
             | I'm sure that was pretty far-fetched and not something
             | actually viable. Considering duty-free isn't even a thing
             | for most Ryanair/other cheap airline flights because they
             | are inside the EU.
        
             | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
             | Can you cite examples of any industry or niche , anywhere
             | in the world, that was newly regulated, and once regulation
             | tool place, prices materially dropped?
             | 
             | Geniuinely curious.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Internet access after the telcos were forced to share
               | their last mile fibre?
        
               | NohatCoder wrote:
               | Telephone roaming charges in the EU.
        
               | nickpsecurity wrote:
               | Everything about regulating Big Telecom. They didn't want
               | to run lines to people, drop long distance, increase
               | broadband speed, etc. Each time, the behavior was
               | countered by regulation or the threat of it.
               | 
               | Splitting MA Bell into the Baby Bells also helped for a
               | while. Then, they started merging back together. Then,
               | the oligopolies made service worse again.
               | 
               | If left on their own, they collude to do a minimum form
               | of competition while cooperating on profitable ways to
               | cheat customers. That's called cartels. It's as big a
               | threat to the free market as governments.
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | What are you talking about - that is deregulation. This
               | was a government granted monopoly - you don't get more
               | regulated than that.
        
               | jonahhorowitz wrote:
               | When California re-regulated the wholesale energy markets
               | after the Enron debacle.
               | 
               | Source: https://www.apep.uci.edu/PDF_Research_Summaries/I
               | mpact_Of_El...
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Airlines were a lot more expensive everywhere back then. The
           | majority of the drop in airline prices is from improving
           | aircraft. They use ~1/3 the fuel per passenger mile today. ht
           | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_aircraft#/medi...
        
             | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
             | How much of that "fuel per passenger" metric comes from
             | simply packing passengers tighter?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | On net close to 0. Roughly 50% the cargo holds of
               | passenger aircraft are now taken up by air freight which
               | adds quite a bit of drag and isn't part of those
               | comparisons and offsets the reduction in passenger
               | legroom.
               | 
               | That freight also helps explain why nearly empty flights
               | can make sense economically.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | Most of what makes travel shitty is that simply far too many
           | people are traveling. I do think it's better for the world
           | for less travel to happen in general, so I fully support
           | this.
        
             | rangestransform wrote:
             | Alright, you first
        
               | maeil wrote:
               | I've been doing it, now you join.
        
           | xienze wrote:
           | > We used to regulate air travel. It was a lot more expensive
           | then.
           | 
           | I'm not sure this is the gotcha you think it is. Air travel,
           | even in coach, was downright luxury compared to where it is
           | today, and I'm not even talking about in the distant past,
           | I'm talking about 25 or so years ago. Seats are narrower,
           | legroom is practically nonexistent, and the seats only
           | recline like two inches these days. Also almost everything is
           | a la carte.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | You already have the choice to pay more to upgrade to
             | better seats/experience. If I value price over luxury, why
             | would you want take that choice from me? There is no world
             | where we regulate first class for everyone but at basic
             | economy prices.
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | Exactly. You can still fly businesses and pay the same
             | price as before, it just became massively more accessible
             | than before,
        
               | Marsymars wrote:
               | > You can still fly businesses and pay the same price as
               | before
               | 
               | You can't really though - e.g. 25 years ago you could fly
               | economy from Vancouver Canada to Sydney Australia for
               | $2600. (Inflation adjusted.) You can now do that flight
               | for $1400. Pretty good, but the kicker is that flying
               | business class is now $5300. Even premium economy is
               | $4400. (Prices are all the cheapest I see on Google
               | Flights over the rest of 2024, so some of them are
               | limited to very specific dates.)
               | 
               | Probably the most equivalent price to 25 years ago is
               | basic economy plus paying for a meal, snack, checked bag
               | and selection of an exit row seat, but today's premium
               | economy is probably the most equivalent service level to
               | yesterday's basic economy.
        
             | fermisea wrote:
             | So you believe poor people shouldn't be allowed to travel?
        
           | darknavi wrote:
           | A good video on the history of the subject:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzB5xtGGsTc
        
       | Oras wrote:
       | I always thought booking sites had partnerships with airlines and
       | using an API!
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | Most airlines have partnerships with booking sites, provide an
         | API, pay the booking site a commission, and have a pricing
         | structure that lets them profitably sell tickets at the
         | advertised prices.
         | 
         | Ryanair doesn't pay a commission to booking sites, and their
         | pricing model is to advertise $15 flights but making booking an
         | obstacle course so plenty of passengers find themselves paying
         | $60 instead.
         | 
         | They therefore don't provide an API for the booking sites to
         | use.
        
       | dhx wrote:
       | It appears the latest opinion may not yet be published for this
       | case 20-cv-01191-LPS, Ryanair DAC v. Booking Holdings Inc. et al,
       | United States District Court of Delaware.
       | 
       | This is the first opinion on the case from 2021 which denied
       | Booking Holdings Inc request to dismiss:
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/sites/ded/files/opinions/20-cv-...
       | 
       | Ryanair (Irish company) makes one claim against Delaware
       | corporation Booking Holdings Inc (including subsidiaries Kayak
       | Software Corporation and Priceline LLC as Delaware corporations
       | and Agoda as a Singaporean company) citing 18 USC 1030(a)(2)(C),
       | (a)(4) and (a)(5)(A)-(C)[2]. Amongst reasons to seek dismissal of
       | the case, Booking Holdings Inc name drops Etraveli, Mystifly and
       | Travelfusion as the three companies which were used by Booking
       | Holdings Inc to scrape airline websites including Ryanair's
       | website.
       | 
       | It's hard from just this opinion to figure out what exactly
       | Booking Holdings Inc, Etraveli, Mystifly and/or Travelfusion may
       | have been found to do wrong. It sounds most likely that Ryanair
       | may have successfully argued their public website is a "protected
       | computer" because there is a "By clicking search you agree to the
       | Website Terms of Use" button on their main website search form,
       | and the ToS is the form of "protection". Looking behind the
       | scenes, it's a fairly simple "anonymous token" API request
       | without any secrets being required to ask the API to respond.
       | 
       | Deleting the HTML elements from the DOM that provide the "By
       | clicking search you agree.." and the associated checkbox doesn't
       | prevent the form from being submitted and results returned
       | successfully.
       | 
       | [2] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1030
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Didn't the HiQ case rule that under the federal CFAA at least,
         | the ToS isn't a form of protection?
         | 
         | Here in Illinois, at least, they make it up to a felony to
         | violate a web site ToS, and it's specifically worded as such in
         | the statute.
        
       | bradvl wrote:
       | The reason that Ryanair is against OTAs reselling flights is not
       | the fees, it's that they're often resold as a package holiday.
       | 
       | Package holidays are flights bundled with hotels etc and are
       | usually sold at much higher margin.
       | 
       | Ryanair has its own package holiday business and prefers that
       | they make the margin, not someone else.
       | 
       | There are many more package holiday companies than airlines, they
       | want to use this ruling and the fact that they also own an
       | airline to restrict competition and make more money.
        
         | mejutoco wrote:
         | Or selling insurance, renting a car, etc.
        
         | oneshtein wrote:
         | So, basically, Ryanair is against free market. They want to
         | have monopoly, to raise prices. Good for Ryanair, bad for
         | consumers.
        
           | zie wrote:
           | This is like standard business methodology these days. Nearly
           | every company prefers this. Just ask any olympian how hard it
           | is to even get to the olympics let alone win.
           | 
           | Business would much rather be proprietary and not have to
           | work that hard.
        
           | TeaBrain wrote:
           | Booking is just acting as a middleman. Booking flights are
           | still being booked through Ryanair, which was part of the
           | suit.
        
           | s_dev wrote:
           | >Ryanair is against free market. They want to have monopoly,
           | to raise prices.
           | 
           | This is the goal of almost every business and that isn't
           | against the free market it is the free market and the precise
           | reason we have regulators to ensure competition.
        
           | hbosch wrote:
           | Booking.com isn't the market force keeping Ryanair's prices
           | down.
        
           | miohtama wrote:
           | Ryanair wants to make it harder for consumer to compare
           | prices.
        
             | FinnKuhn wrote:
             | And Ryanair wants to upsell you during the buying process,
             | which they can't do as well, if you don't buy on their
             | site.
        
               | sureIy wrote:
               | This is the reason.
               | 
               | Nothing is stopping airlines from offering 1-click
               | bookings, except that lengthy funnels bring in tons of
               | cash. Ryanair has been a master at this since the
               | beginning of time.
               | 
               | In 2020 I booked a flight directly on Google Flights and
               | the booking was complete before I even realized, it was
               | so simple. I never found that UI again.
        
         | mFixman wrote:
         | A big part is fees. OTAs like Booking sell the base part of
         | flight from Ryanair and low cost airlines at the same price as
         | the airlines but with much higher fees for luggage and extras.
         | They hide this second part from flight search engines, so they
         | appear cheaper when including luggage.
         | 
         | I'm sure that a lot of dislike from low cost airlines comes
         | from shitty OTAs rather than the airlines themselves.
        
           | deanCommie wrote:
           | Boosting this.
           | 
           | I recently tried to use Expedia to book a flight from
           | Vancouver to Toronto on Porter Airlines because then I could
           | use my TD Reward points.
           | 
           | The default prices that showed up in the results looked the
           | same on Expedia or directly on Porter, so it didn't seem like
           | I was losing anything.
           | 
           | Except that base flight included no carry-on and no checked-
           | baggage, which I needed to do. On Porter directly fixing that
           | cost an extra $40. Expedia said it cost $60.
           | 
           | For this particular flight I also needed to be able to make
           | changes after booking. On Porter that increased the cost by
           | $100. On Expedia, $150.
           | 
           | I still did it, cuz, y'know - points. But I shook my fist at
           | Expedia the entire time.
        
             | sureIy wrote:
             | It can go both ways.
             | 
             | Pros of Expedia:                   - they have my card
             | - their website does not suck as much as the airline's
             | - they let me cancel within 24/48 hours for free and
             | immediately
             | 
             | The second point can be a huge selling point and it applies
             | to a lot of OTAs. Every time I try to book direct "because
             | it's best" I easily spend triple the time and sometimes I
             | get fleeced anyway (oh, here's a $5 convenience fee for
             | using a credit card we don't like)
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | Not that this would help now, but you might have been able
             | to book through Expedia and then later add the luggage
             | through the airline directly. Still can't use points on it
             | but maybe you could have saved the points for another
             | vacation some other time.
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | So this was a criminal offence. Who goes to jail?
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I had always assumed Booking.com had some resale agreement with
       | hotels and airlines - there was always some weird issue where if
       | I called a hotel and asked for a room it was more expensive than
       | booking.com or was not available yet was on booking.com
       | 
       | What gets me is why on Earth any provider would allow this -
       | dealing direct is so much more sane 99% of the time, and a
       | package holiday provider already has a reseller agreement.
       | 
       | Just stomp booking.com into the ground - I simply don't
       | understand why hotels and airlines don't do it?
        
         | jsiepkes wrote:
         | > Just stomp booking.com into the ground - I simply don't
         | understand why hotels and airlines don't do it?
         | 
         | Classic prisoners dillema. The problem is all the hotels, etc.
         | need to be on the same page.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | No that's the search engine trap - which hotel shall I go to
           | is a _map_ not a search page. It's a marketing exercise -
           | which influencer, which email drop, which word of mouth.
           | 
           | It's everything that was before Google captured all the
           | advertising revenue there ever was. And reduced it to a list
           | on a black ink on white page
           | 
           | Airlines are in a race to the bottom because there are only 8
           | bits in the 1970s booking system so there is only a
           | competition on seat price. Chnage that to be able to have
           | different parameters and we compete on other factors
           | 
           | If hotels are just competing for price on booking.com then
           | they are heading to the same trap - beautiful architecture,
           | fantastic location, smiling staff, 1950s movie stars making
           | films in the courtyard- none of it matters if it's price per
           | room in NYC.
           | 
           | The only way cows stop being treated like cattle is to make
           | sure every human sees them as individuals - it's a lot of
           | work. But the struggle is worth the abbatoir.
        
         | robjan wrote:
         | Booking.com is a travel agent and they do have agreements with
         | most airlines using GDS such as Amadeus or Sabre. It's a
         | symbiotic relationship.
        
       | RyanHamilton wrote:
       | I was at a startup event last year where someone that had been
       | very senior and instrumental in Ryanair starting was talking to a
       | small audience (<40 people). He told the story of how they didn't
       | notice booking.com was "stealing" so much of their profit. To
       | rephrase his words: "We gave those guys free advertising on our
       | site and without us realising they were quickly making more
       | profit per head than we were. Before we noticed and could do
       | anything they had gotten too big to effectively cut off." So it's
       | funny to see this posted and that the frenemy fight continues to
       | this day.
        
         | dzonga wrote:
         | skyscanner would list ryanair traffic on their sites. even
         | though they don't make money from ryanair via click referrals
         | but because of the traffic that ryanair brings.
        
       | sega_sai wrote:
       | If it was up to me, I would have required all airlines publish
       | their fares in machine readable format.
        
         | dmbaggett wrote:
         | They were once required to do so (and may still be; I'm not
         | sure at this point), at least if they want to offer flights to
         | or from the US:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATPCO
         | 
         | However, interpreting this data properly is decidedly
         | nontrivial (>1M LoC).
         | 
         | Pricing does not imply booking is OK, though. And even circa
         | 1999, Southwest hassled us (ITA Software) about even showing
         | their fares, without us offering any way to book any flights on
         | any carrier.
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | Ryanair does. The machine is yours running a browser.
        
         | maronato wrote:
         | Displaying the fares in a separate website isn't the problem.
         | The resale of tickets is, since other aggregators need to pay
         | Ryanair a license fee to resell, and Booking is avoiding that
         | by using RPA
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | How does the fraud part come in here? Not seeing it
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | When buying the ticket, Booking.com pretends to Ryanair to be
         | the customer.
        
       | oneeyedpigeon wrote:
       | Can someone clarify what "access parts of Ryanair's website
       | without authorisation" actually means? Are they referring to
       | programmatic account creation?
        
         | nness wrote:
         | I'd love to read the full text of the judgement, as the news
         | articles and press releases are vague as to how the ruling was
         | reached.
         | 
         | My assumption is that the issue was not about
         | automation/scraping, but rather, the way in which booking.com
         | engaged in scraping amounted to some kind of fraud.
        
       | lesuorac wrote:
       | Jury Verdict:
       | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/18414221/457/ryanair-da...
       | 
       | > Part E: Computer Fraud an Abuse Act Loss
       | 
       | > Did Ryanair prove by a preponderance of evidence that it
       | suffered actual economic harm caused by Booking.com violating the
       | Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and, if yes, state the amount.
       | 
       | > X Yes _ No
       | 
       | > $ 5000
       | 
       | > Part E Nominal Damages
       | 
       | > $ 0
       | 
       | > Part F: Punitive Damages
       | 
       | > $0
       | 
       | I know Rynair won the lawsuit but uh, having to pay only 5k
       | sounds like a win for Booking.com
        
         | eli wrote:
         | Yeah but they have to stop doing it
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | Or what? They'll have to pay another 5k for 4 years of access
           | (lawsuit was filed in 2020)?
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | Worst case: An injunction is filed and they have to shut
             | down.
             | 
             | Likely outcome: they negotiate a deal with RyanAir for
             | access to their data & API.
        
             | eli wrote:
             | At the least, they would find out real fast how big those
             | punitive damages can get when it's a repeated and willful
             | violation.
             | 
             | CFAA isn't a joke - there are potential criminal penalties
             | to executives and others within the company.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Could you give examples please. I looked at Wikipedia [0]
               | and did a quick Google but didn't turn up any examples of
               | punishment of C-suite in these circumstances.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Ac
               | t
        
         | ActionHank wrote:
         | This sets a precedent going forward that will impact
         | Booking.com and many other services that do the same thing.
         | 
         | I would imagine that it is also a nice foundation for cases
         | against AI training data scraped from sites.
        
           | SteveNuts wrote:
           | Pretty soon every single website will be hidden behind a
           | login page
        
             | TechDebtDevin wrote:
             | Yeah but then they'll have an unauthenticated API, I see
             | this often.
             | 
             | Website owners will also never stop scraping and
             | prosecuting the owner of every crawler (who can obfuscate
             | their identity anyways) is impossible.
             | 
             | Captchas are going to increasingly become more obsolete.
             | 
             | It's a fools errand to spend resources fighting scrapers.
             | 
             | Edit (non cancerous URL)
             | https://i.redd.it/o6xypg00uac91.png
        
               | ffpip wrote:
               | https://i.redd.it/o6xypg00uac91.png
               | 
               | non-cancerous url
        
             | chrisjj wrote:
             | And pretty soon afterward, every one of those login page
             | will be circumvented by a bot signup.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Don't worry, you'll need to upload your photo ID to be
               | able to login and do anything online.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | So they could hire some mechanical turks from Africa to type
         | prices into an Excel sheet for $5000.
        
           | miroljub wrote:
           | Why Africa? Why not southern Wyoming?
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | It's the openAI way.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | For context, OpenAI recently caught flak from the less
               | substantial organs of the American press for outsourcing
               | RLHF/safety/content moderation tasks to a small SF firm
               | called Sama (surely coincidental, eh @sama?). Sama hired
               | workers in Kenya, Uganda, and India and paid them well
               | above prevailing local wages, but the work involved the
               | usual unpleasantness that content moderators have to deal
               | with.
               | 
               | Much ballyhooing about "neo-colonialism" followed.
               | 
               | [0] https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-
               | workers/
        
               | chx wrote:
               | I refuse the framing of tech bros exploiting African
               | workers as "Much ballyhooing about neo-colonialism".
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | Offering locally competitive wages is exploiting?
               | 
               | If a company is based in NYC, and has a branch in rural
               | Ohio, are the Ohioans being exploited if they aren't paid
               | as much as their NYC counterparts despite drastically
               | reduced cost of living in rural Ohio?
        
               | Marsymars wrote:
               | Well... yes?
               | 
               | If digital widget producers are worth $x to the company,
               | and get paid 0.8 _x in one location and 0.4_ x in another
               | location, I'm not sure why I'd regard that as anything
               | other than exploitative.
               | 
               | CoL isn't really related to the market value of labour
               | for remote-capable jobs; it would be similarly
               | exploitative if the company paid childfree people,
               | vegetarians, and basement apartment dwellers less because
               | of their drastically reduced cost of living.
               | 
               | I could see a point for fairness if the salaries were
               | scaled so that average post-CoL savings in different CoL
               | areas were equal, particular within regions (e.g. a
               | country) where people have freedom of movement.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | Isn't this the classic problem with getting involved in
               | poorer economies? The African workers are worse off than
               | if they were treated as an average US worker, but better
               | off than an average African worker, and definitely better
               | off than if Sama has hired Americans instead.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | offering jobs well above prevailing local wages =
               | exploiting
               | 
               | I would assume you also believe that every single person
               | working for a wage is also by definition exploiting
               | regardless of where they are? Otherwise it would make
               | very little sense...
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | Offering jobs in areas with laxer worker protections is
               | arguably exploitative because in most or all of america
               | this sort of work comes with counseling, due to the
               | horrific nature of some of the content to be moderated. I
               | don't know offhand of OpenAI ensured this was available;
               | if not, that's a substantial financial savings at a cost
               | of human suffering, which fits some folks' definition of
               | exploitation.
        
             | theptip wrote:
             | Quite obviously, minimum wage is many times higher in the
             | US.
        
               | nilamo wrote:
               | Minimum wage is not applicable for gig work. It would
               | basically be the same business model as companies like
               | https://rev.com, which can be <$1 per video transcribed.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _which can be <$1 per video transcribed_
               | 
               | The average wage in Nigeria is about $25 per day [1]. The
               | fundamental difference between Wyoming and West Africa is
               | cost of living.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.timedoctor.com/blog/average-salary-in-
               | nigeria/
        
               | nilamo wrote:
               | I fail to understand how that applies to what I said.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _fail to understand how that applies to what I said_
               | 
               | "<$1 per video transcribed" may be an order of magnitude
               | more expensive.
        
               | nilamo wrote:
               | More expensive than what? And how does that relate to
               | minimum wages? And how does that relate to minimum wages
               | with respect to gig work?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _More expensive than what?_
               | 
               | "The average wage in Nigeria is about $25 per day." Wages
               | in Southern Wyoming are more expensive than that. Gig or
               | minimum is irrelevant.
               | 
               | > _how does that relate to minimum wages_
               | 
               | Wyoming is subject to the federal minimum wage.
               | 
               | > _how does that relate to minimum wages with respect to
               | gig work?_
               | 
               | We're comparing two numbers and observing one of them is
               | bigger.
        
               | nilamo wrote:
               | But we're comparing minimum wages in two places when the
               | minimum wage is not a relevant number, since, as stated
               | above, minimum wage does not apply to gig work.
        
               | jfyi wrote:
               | Shhhh, we didn't tell Wyoming.
        
             | rolph wrote:
             | the original chess playing Mechanical_turk was a fraudulent
             | device, likely more at home proximal to the nigerian
             | princes, than with wild west gypsy wagon snake oil peddlars
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_turk
        
             | petsfed wrote:
             | Do you not know anything about the economy of southern
             | Wyoming?
             | 
             | Extractive industry is such a job creator there that for
             | decades now, e.g. McDonalds couldn't keep enough people on
             | hand. Why would I work a shitty job for minimum wage, when
             | I could work another, similarly shitty job, for 4 times
             | that amount?
             | 
             | Extractive industry is such a job creator in Wyoming that
             | they actively resist e.g. renewable energy projects that
             | would provide economic stability during inevitable bust
             | years, because it challenges the _concept_ of extractive
             | industry, even as extractive industry generates the boom
             | /bust cycle.
             | 
             | Southern Wyoming doesn't even have fucking Uber, you really
             | think they're starving for gig-sector jobs like this?
        
             | pipes wrote:
             | Because racism!!! Not really, there have been quite a few
             | stories recently about companies claiming to be AI powered
             | when in fact they are using African workers to perform
             | tasks. The Turk bit is just what Amazon called their
             | platform for outsourcing crappy repetitive work, which is
             | named after the famous mechanical Turk.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Oh lord you need to rephrase that....
        
             | schnebbau wrote:
             | Which part? Mechanical turk is an Amazon service for
             | crowdsourcing work, and Africa has cheap IT literate labor
             | so would be a good source for this type of work.
        
               | mtmail wrote:
               | Cheap IT literate labor can be found around the world
               | (also thanks to Mechanical Turk and similar services), no
               | need to single out one region.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | What is the issue with singling out a region with a
               | factual statement?
               | 
               | It wasn't a pejorative comment. Africa and SE Asia have
               | huge labor forces that perform this work.
               | 
               | People really need to stop trying so hard to be offended.
        
             | rolph wrote:
             | Mechanical_turk == Automaton
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_turk
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | No, it is specifically not an automaton. It has a human
               | operator.
        
         | dhx wrote:
         | Given the two possible outcomes:
         | 
         | 1. Jury verdict is "NO" to CFAA violations.
         | 
         | 2. Jury verdict is "YES" to CFAA violations and the jury award
         | $0.
         | 
         | Is option (2) worse for Ryanair because it more negatively
         | impacts any appeals process that they may have otherwise
         | planned?
         | 
         | Does the award of $0 become a precedent which is stronger than
         | option (1) in deterring would-be CFAA litigants of the future?
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | You cannot have option 2; jury instructions required that
           | CFAA requires >= $5k of damages. ("If your answer to that
           | question is no, do not answer the remaining questions in
           | Section 1").
           | 
           | So, damages of 5k is strictly the lowest amount possible
           | while also answering YES for CFAA.
        
       | soci wrote:
       | > the companies, which use screen-scraping software to find and
       | resell tickets, add additional charges and make it difficult for
       | the airline to contact passengers.
       | 
       | AFAIK, it's impossible to resell flight tickets in EU, they are
       | attached to real names that are checked upon boarding time. If
       | wonder how did Booking manage to resell Ryanair tickets at scale?
        
         | gopher2000 wrote:
         | Do they buy-and-resell or do they just provide a front for the
         | ticket-buying flow with their own fees added on top?
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | The latter.
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | By injecting the real names. Hence fraud.
        
       | steelframe wrote:
       | Did I miss something about what the term "internet piracy" means?
       | From TFA:
       | 
       | > "We expect that this ruling will end the internet piracy and
       | overcharging perpetrated on both airlines and other travel
       | companies and consumers by the unlawful activity of OTA (online
       | travel agent) Pirates," Ryanair chief executive Michael O'Leary
       | said.
       | 
       | I thought piracy was distributing unauthorized copies of things
       | like music and videos. Wouldn't booking.com's actions be closer
       | to unauthorized ticket brokering?
       | 
       | I guess if you want to demonize someone for doing something you
       | don't like it sounds worse to be labeled a "pirate" than an
       | "unauthorized broker."
        
       | rolph wrote:
       | this looks like scalping to me.
       | 
       | [the airline, Europe's largest by passenger numbers, has in
       | recent years launched a series of legal actions against third-
       | party booking platforms that resell its tickets without
       | permission.
       | 
       | It says the companies, which use screen-scraping software to find
       | and resell tickets, add additional charges and make it difficult
       | for the airline to contact passengers.]
        
       | codersfocus wrote:
       | Why are two European companies suing eachother in a US court?
       | Ryanair doesn't even serve the US, right?
        
       | hipadev23 wrote:
       | This will very likely be overturned as it flies in the face of
       | the 9th circuit court decision on HiQ vs LinkedIn. This is in a
       | different circuit, so it'll need to be elevated, but CFAA is
       | absolutely the incorrect tool to be utilized here.
       | 
       | [1] https://calawyers.org/privacy-law/ninth-circuit-holds-
       | data-s...
        
         | byteknight wrote:
         | CFAA was already reworded I thought to avoid these exact types
         | of situations? Among other things, responsible disclosure.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Or the 9ths decision gets overturned...
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | I haven't followed the facts of this case, and I haven't found
         | any quickly online. The best I have is the order on the motion
         | to dismiss [1], which covers why the judge thought HiQ v
         | LinkedIn wasn't sufficient prior precedent to preclude this
         | being a CFAA violation, along with Ryanair's motion for summary
         | judgement [2] which suggests the results of discovery.
         | 
         | The short answer is... uh, not much. The order on the motion to
         | dismiss suggests that to violate the CFAA, there is a
         | requirement that you're specifically bypassing some form of
         | access control, and it says the complaint sufficiently alleges
         | such control (specifically password-protects internet
         | accounts). Which... is a somewhat weak argument, but the judge
         | here seems to think that HiQ is narrowly focused on "what's
         | publicly available without requiring users to authenticate
         | themselves." The motion for summary judgement states:
         | 
         | > Booking and Kayak admit that their access was intentional,
         | and there are no factual disputes that Booking's and Kayak's
         | access circumvents authentication mechanisms implemented by
         | Ryanair specifically to keep Defendants out.
         | 
         | which, again, is vague on what those authentication mechanisms
         | were, and it's not like this article provides any elucidation.
         | 
         | It's far from certain that this will be overturned on appeal,
         | but "creating an account to use for screen scraping" doesn't
         | sound like something that CFAA prohibits.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ded.731...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ded.731...
        
         | inopinatus wrote:
         | We may well find that this matter doesn't ultimately hinge on
         | screen-scraping as much as it does deceptive behaviour by an
         | agent.
        
       | poikroequ wrote:
       | I suspect there are lots of details and context absent from this
       | article. It's hard to believe this is only about booking.com
       | scraping Ryanair's website. What part of it was "unauthorized",
       | exactly? While it's generally legal in the US to scrape publicly
       | available information, that doesn't translate scraping info that
       | requires logging into an account first.
       | 
       | It seems the bigger issue at hand may be booking.com purchasing
       | the tickets and adding a lot of hidden fees on top.
        
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