[HN Gopher] Caffeine suppresses cerebral grey matter responses t...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Caffeine suppresses cerebral grey matter responses to chronic sleep
       restriction
        
       Author : danielskogly
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2024-07-22 06:18 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | hu3 wrote:
       | Am I wrong to conclude from the abstract that sleep deprivation +
       | caffeine = reduction in grey matter?
       | 
       | Abstract:
       | 
       | > Evidence has shown that both sleep loss and daily caffeine
       | intake can induce changes in grey matter (GM). Caffeine is
       | frequently used to combat sleepiness and impaired performance
       | caused by insufficient sleep. It is unclear (1) whether daily use
       | of caffeine could prevent or exacerbate the GM alterations
       | induced by 5-day sleep restriction (i.e. chronic sleep
       | restriction, CSR), and (2) whether the potential impact on GM
       | plasticity depends on individual differences in the availability
       | of adenosine receptors, which are involved in mediating effects
       | of caffeine on sleep and waking function. Thirty-six healthy
       | adults participated in this double-blind, randomized, controlled
       | study (age = 28.9 +- 5.2 y/; F:M = 15:21; habitual level of
       | caffeine intake < 450 mg; 29 homozygous C/C allele carriers of
       | rs5751876 of ADORA2A, an A2A adenosine receptor gene variant).
       | Each participant underwent a 9-day laboratory visit consisting of
       | one adaptation day, 2 baseline days (BL), 5-day sleep restriction
       | (5 h time-in-bed), and a recovery day (REC) after an 8-h sleep
       | opportunity. Nineteen participants received 300 mg caffeine in
       | coffee through the 5 days of CSR (CAFF group), while 17 matched
       | participants received decaffeinated coffee (DECAF group). We
       | examined GM changes on the 2nd BL Day, 5th CSR Day, and REC Day
       | using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry.
       | Moreover, we used positron emission tomography with [18F]-CPFPX
       | to quantify the baseline availability of A1 adenosine receptors
       | (A1R) and its relation to the GM plasticity. The results from the
       | voxel-wise multimodal whole-brain analysis on the Jacobian-
       | modulated T1-weighted images controlled for variances of cerebral
       | blood flow indicated a significant interaction effect between
       | caffeine and CSR in four brain regions: (a) right temporal-
       | occipital region, (b) right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
       | (DmPFC), (c) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and (d)
       | right thalamus. The post-hoc analyses on the signal intensity of
       | these GM clusters indicated that, compared to BL, GM on the CSR
       | day was increased in the DECAF group in all clusters but
       | decreased in the thalamus, DmPFC, and DLPFC in the CAFF group.
       | Furthermore, lower baseline subcortical A1R availability
       | predicted a larger GM reduction in the CAFF group after CSR of
       | all brain regions except for the thalamus. In conclusion, our
       | data suggest an adaptive GM upregulation after 5-day CSR, while
       | concomitant use of caffeine instead leads to a GM reduction. The
       | lack of consistent association with individual A1R availability
       | may suggest that CSR and caffeine affect thalamic GM plasticity
       | predominantly by a different mechanism. Future studies on the
       | role of adenosine A2A receptors in CSR-induced GM plasticity are
       | warranted.
        
         | Strumpfli wrote:
         | That's what I concluded as well. What seems interesting is that
         | sleep deprivation alone increased the GM, while combined with
         | caffeine, the effect is reversed. Surprising, since I feel like
         | the general impression on caffeine in media is that it does not
         | harm the brain.
        
           | regularfry wrote:
           | My interpretation of that (especially over a short period
           | like this) is that sleep restriction causes swelling in the
           | grey matter, which caffeine reverses. Interpreted like that,
           | caffeine would be _protecting_ the brain, not harming it.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | I think it's far too early to assume assume the "swelling"
             | is a net harm or that preventing it is good in the long
             | run.
             | 
             | Perhaps it serves an important protective or regulatory
             | purpose which we haven't yet identified, because we still
             | know so little about sleep and consciousness.
             | 
             | An analogy: There are lots of systems in your body that try
             | to prevent and deter you from casually walking on a damaged
             | leg, and we can override some of them with various external
             | drugs, but that doesn't necessarily mean it's a good idea.
        
               | code51 wrote:
               | So it very well could be that _thinking_ on a worn
               | neuron, trying to do memory access on it, might damage it
               | even more (leg analogy)? It could be possible that the
               | "swelling" could be redirecting brain to use other paths
               | but with caffeine you're utilizing a worn-out neuron.
               | 
               | Maybe with chronic deprivation + caffeine habit, you're
               | weakening your cognitive function - repeatedly using a
               | misfiring neuron. At least, with no caffeine, you'd feel
               | your memory is hazy and hard to recall, go to sleep.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | IANANeuroscientist, but my idle-thought was that a lack
               | of sleep could cause a buildup of waste byproducts, and
               | structural adaptations might either reduce the effect of
               | the buildup or else make its removal marginally easier.
        
               | regularfry wrote:
               | Yes, that's my point. You can read this either way. But
               | we _do_ know that sleep deprivation is harmful, and it 's
               | conceivable that this might point to a mechanism by which
               | that harm is caused. Or it might be a defence mechanism
               | which the caffeine is now interfering with, making things
               | worse.
        
             | newzisforsukas wrote:
             | What about the imaging method makes you interpret it this
             | way?
        
             | mrinterweb wrote:
             | How did you make that connection? I didn't get that info
             | from this study, but I have seen other studies that suggest
             | sleep deprivation causes neuroinflammation, and I have seen
             | studies that say coffee can reduce neuroinflammation. I
             | have seen that the neuroinflammation described as a defense
             | mechanism to assist with the removal of toxins. Possible
             | connection being that if coffee reduces neuroinflammation
             | when there are toxins present that may be a cause for more
             | damage? I have zero qualifications, just trying to
             | understand.
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658704/
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476750/
        
         | alias_neo wrote:
         | That's what I understood too, so I came here to see if I was
         | misunderstanding.
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | It sounds like it temporarily reduces the measure of the volume
         | of the gray matter due to changes in blood and cerebral fluid
         | flow. I'm imagining it like a sponge that absorbs more without
         | caffeine. I don't see any judgment about whether this is good,
         | bad, or neutral.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | Oh, great, so my brain really is soup after decades of drinking
         | caffeine and not sleeping enough because of untreated AuDHD.
        
           | Bumblonono wrote:
           | I read a while back that people with ADHD have even holes in
           | their brains after years/decades :|
           | 
           | I love my work from home because i started sleeping in on
           | wednesday if i had a shitty night.
           | 
           | For nearly a decade i was super tired after wednesday
        
       | redoubt wrote:
       | Medical engineer here; I would suggest anyone whoms interest was
       | caught by the title to read the Discussion, not Abstract. The
       | authors have made good use of the section to broaden their
       | conclusions, answering some of the questions I've observed in
       | this thread.
       | 
       | For anyone starting to second-guess their relationship to sleep
       | and caffeine; do note that this is a small-sample study and that
       | more research is needed before any conclusions can be drawn with
       | regards to the population at large.
       | 
       | EDIT: I'm not a medical professional (i.e a Doctor), I'm simply
       | an engineer with domain knowledge in medicine. I am accustomed to
       | reading studies like this. If anyone needs help interpreting the
       | study, I'm happy to assist.
        
         | bovermyer wrote:
         | Thank you for this. I am not anywhere near to a medical
         | professional and can't interpret these results correctly, I'm
         | sure. It's good to have an experienced perspective.
        
           | redoubt wrote:
           | I'm happy you found it helpful, medical studies don't pop up
           | all too frequently here at HN so I try to assist when
           | confusion arises.
        
       | bovermyer wrote:
       | The important sentence from the abstract:
       | 
       | > In conclusion, our data suggest an adaptive GM upregulation
       | after 5-day CSR, while concomitant use of caffeine instead leads
       | to a GM reduction.
       | 
       | I'm not sure what to take away from that. It sounds bad, though.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | I like caffeine. It's fun to drink a cup of tea or coffee once in
       | a while and feel an extra surge of productivity.
       | 
       | What I don't like is that it has encouraged the grind of people
       | working far longer and harder than they should for no reason
       | except economic gain which is fundamnetally unsustainable. When
       | people feel tired, they should take a break, and not develop a
       | habit of drinking caffeine every day to keeep going. It's an
       | unhealthy society and reinforces the message that economic gain
       | is important above all else.
        
         | velcrovan wrote:
         | I think people should be able to do what they want with their
         | time.
         | 
         | I don't think people should have to sell their labor for a wage
         | in order to live. I wonder what happens to your opinions about
         | caffeine in a society where owners have little to no leverage
         | over workers, or where the workers are generally also the
         | owners.
        
           | mhb wrote:
           | What kind of tea do they serve in the gulag?
        
             | velcrovan wrote:
             | I dunno, ask the people who work at Mondragon.
             | https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | care to explain?
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | They were trying to be irrelevantly clever. Mondragon is
               | a worker cooperative, where workers are the "owners".
        
               | velcrovan wrote:
               | Sure. I was replying to a comment in which worker
               | ownership and worker leverage were being equated with
               | "the gulag", a collective term for the Soviet Union
               | prison/labor camp system.
               | 
               | To illustrate that large-scale freedom, ownership, and
               | autonomy do not result in labor camps, I provided
               | Mondragon as a productive counter-example.
               | 
               | Mondragon is a federation of worker-owned cooperatives
               | that netted EUR593 million on EUR11 billion in revenue in
               | 2023, and which did not make use of a forced labor camp
               | or prison system to achieve these results. Instead, they
               | use widely distributed equity ownership and democratic
               | control of the workplace to create a good work
               | environment and a healthy culture.
               | 
               | Since the comment I was replying to did not invest any
               | words in supporting their comparison of worker ownership
               | with a system of forced labor camps, I responded in
               | spirit, inviting them with a minimum of words and effort
               | to investigate possible counter-examples to their mental
               | model.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | That makes a lot more sense with the explanation thanks.
        
             | asats wrote:
             | Unironically this kind:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifir
        
           | shrimp_emoji wrote:
           | I think people should be able to instantiate super hot
           | anthropomorphic girlfriends of their choice into and out of
           | real life at will. (Me first; I thought it up.)
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | I agree, we should structure society so that people don't
           | have to sell their labor to live merely that they choose to
           | do so.
           | 
           | We should give those who choose not to sell their labor the
           | ability to go and live without buying and consuming the labor
           | of others.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Unfortunately, there is almost nowhere on earth where a
             | Hunter-gatherer can survive any more. The few remaining
             | have been pushed to the very edge of survival by
             | agriculturalists taking all the best land.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | When I understood this is when I formally became an
               | anarchist. Before grasping that, I didn't realize that I
               | really didn't have a choice, no matter what. You serve or
               | you die. Those are the options.
        
               | shrimp_emoji wrote:
               | I used to think that was what this song was about:
               | https://youtu.be/wC10VWDTzmU
        
               | vouaobrasil wrote:
               | That is absolutely true. And the reason is that if you
               | did have a choice, the system would crumble quite easily
               | since those that find the system intolerable would then
               | have somewhere to go and start something new or just
               | live.
        
           | mrinterweb wrote:
           | Ideally we would live in that utopia, but the vast majority
           | of us live in the reality of needing a wage.
        
             | vouaobrasil wrote:
             | Yes, indeed. But that does not mean we cannot fight for
             | that utopia.
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | For work? I drink it for headshots in CS and to grind for loot.
         | (I am unemployed)
        
       | BossingAround wrote:
       | Anyone with anxiety or sleep issues should reexamine their
       | caffeine usage. Maybe those problems do not stem from caffeine,
       | but maybe they do. I don't know many people that do not consume
       | caffeine regularly, at least once a day - in such cases, you
       | cannot know whether your anxiety, sleep problems, general
       | tiredness, bad moods, ... are or are not caused by one's caffeine
       | consumption.
       | 
       | Some people swear by drinking a shot of espresso right after
       | dinner, claiming that they can "sleep just fine" (or that it even
       | calms them). It's not whether you can or cannot fall asleep, it's
       | how deep and restorative your sleep is that is important here.
        
         | kachapopopow wrote:
         | Caffeine makes me very sleepy if I drink it mid-day and I do in
         | fact usually fall asleep early.
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | How much caffeine do you consume regularly? Sounds to me like
           | your body potentially has too much already, and is reacting
           | by making you drowsy. Note that caffeine is also in non-
           | coffee/tea related beverages like sodas (e.g.
           | Coke/Pepsi/...), or sometimes certain pain killers (e.g.
           | migraine pain killers frequently contain something like 50mg
           | of caffeine).
        
             | kachapopopow wrote:
             | I mostly drink decaf. Not a soda drinker. Tea with sugar
             | mostly or just plain water.
        
           | BuggieSmalls wrote:
           | Exactly the same experience here. I have ADHD. Caffeine seems
           | to give me a parallel (albeit lesser overall) experience to
           | taking my prescribed Adderall.
        
             | kachapopopow wrote:
             | Most people around me have diagnosed ADHD, makes me wonder
             | if the reason why I'm in such a group is because I have
             | ADHD as well, but I don't really care for medication as I
             | never had issues handling it on my own so not planning on
             | getting diagnosed.
             | 
             | And if I do, I actually prefer it since it allows me to go
             | on for days without a break discovering solutions to very
             | hard problems.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > Anyone with anxiety or sleep issues should reexamine their
         | caffeine usage.
         | 
         | They should. The relationship between caffeine and mood
         | disorders like anxiety is incompletely understood. Caffeine may
         | help some, particularly at lower doses [1]. However some
         | studies find that the effect on anxiety is minimal or doesn't
         | occur [2]. Caffeine seems to improve psychological well-being
         | at a minimum [3]. There may be a self-medication element
         | between ADHD and caffeine too, though the data isn't good [3].
         | The interactions with medications is also complex and hard to
         | control for due to the large number of caffeine users.
         | 
         | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38362247/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10616803/
         | 
         | [3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850715/
        
         | themaninthedark wrote:
         | What about those of use who may or may not have ADD and have
         | been using caffine to regulate our mood and focus....
         | 
         | I honestly can't tell at this point if the coffee is helping me
         | focus and I have ADD or if I am just lazy(or depressed) and the
         | coffee is helping get me motivated.
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | Isn't it better to find out? I.e. first to stop with the
           | caffeine, then wait until your body readjusts (e.g. a month
           | or two), and possibly get diagnosed by a professional in case
           | you do feel like you need help? Diagnosis doesn't necessarily
           | mean prescription stimulant drugs.
           | 
           | I was using caffeine to mask my burnout. Needless to say, it
           | only exacerbated the total feeling of burnout, and "helped"
           | only short-term. It took me a long time to get out of the
           | burnout, and I'm still feeling the effects. It would have
           | been much healthier to not mask the burnout, but deal with it
           | right there and then.
        
           | istjohn wrote:
           | You might want to get diagnosed so you can get a proper ADHD
           | prescription. I'm told Vyvanse is like a smooth day-long
           | caffeine high without the jitters or stained teeth. OTOH, if
           | caffeine is working for you, it sounds like it's performing
           | the same function ADHD medication does for my loved one.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Great line --> "I honestly can't tell at this point if the
           | coffee is helping me focus and I have ADD or if I am just
           | lazy(or depressed) and the coffee is helping get me
           | motivated."
           | 
           | Ill change the last bit -- "or if I am just tired and the
           | coffee solves my cold start problem"
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | Are you sure coffee isn't _causing_ your symptoms? Poor mood,
           | focus, and motivation can also be caused by poor sleep.
        
       | janpmz wrote:
       | Recently I've learned that half of the people are slow caffein
       | metabolizers. The caffein stays longer in their system and it
       | might negatively affect their sleep. Considering how many people
       | drink coffee, I think a lot of people are affected by this.
        
         | b800h wrote:
         | Yep - raising my hand here. I've completely given up caffeine
         | (including decaf, which isn't totally) because after I got a
         | Fitbit, I realised that my morning coffee spiked my heart-rate
         | to 120, and kept it thereabouts, slowly dropping to normal
         | overnight, after which I'd start again.
         | 
         | A genome sequence shows I'm a slow metaboliser (I expect more
         | will show up with more research).
         | 
         | I feel terrific now.
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | I suspect I am an unusually fast metabolizer, since I can be
         | tipped over into very nasty withdrawal headaches extremely
         | easily, even when my baseline consumption is a couple of
         | smallish coffees in a day. The only way I've found to fix this
         | is to get almost completely off it, which as you might imagine
         | I find very difficult to do, since I have to step down very
         | carefully.
        
           | shrimp_emoji wrote:
           | My withdrawals only kick in on the second day of no caffeine.
           | Also, I feel a cup of coffee on the day I drank it _and_ the
           | day after (with no additional caffeine). :D I guess I 'm
           | turbo slow. Although I didn't use to be...
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | For me it can happen in less than 12 hours, which can mean
             | _overnight_. It 's not a great time!
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | Sounds to me more like you consume _a lot_ (therefore have a
           | very strong physical dependence) rather than having extremely
           | fast metabolism.
           | 
           | Alternatively, you might be prone to migraines, and thus are
           | sensitive to headaches of all kinds. That's me, I truly hope
           | that's not you (wouldn't wish that upon anyone).
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | I promise I don't. I can be on a teaspoon of strongish
             | instant coffee twice a day and it still happens sometimes
             | (though it's worse when I'm drinking more of course). It
             | can happen literally overnight, even when I'm on a steady
             | intake.
             | 
             | The headaches are reliably cured within maybe 20-40 minutes
             | by application of more caffeine, so I don't think they are
             | migraines.
        
           | istjohn wrote:
           | I'm not a regular drinker and even a coke after 11 am means
           | I'm going to have a late night. It's frustrating how often
           | there are no caffeine-free diet soda options.
        
         | shard wrote:
         | I've learned to drink coffee only in the morning. If I drink
         | coffee any time after 12PM, I'm not going to get much sleep
         | that night. Therefore I have limited my coffee intake to
         | medicinal purposes (i.e. as needed in order to stay awake).
        
         | xen2xen1 wrote:
         | Found that out the hard way twenty years ago. The stated half
         | life is NOT for me what they say.
        
       | lemonlime0x3C33 wrote:
       | An interesting article to read, would love to see a larger
       | samples size at some point. I am also going to continue drinking
       | my mid-day espresso, morning coffee, and afternoon pick me up
       | caffeine drink...
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | I love my caffeine. But caffeine is an addictive, highly
       | profitable substance. So advertising it and trying to promote it
       | as somehow having real health benefits is widespread.
       | 
       | I would not be surprised if routine consumption of caffeine was
       | at least mildly detrimental to health.
       | 
       | I think some drugs have managed to gain a special place in our
       | society . Advertising and lobbying warps our perception of these
       | drugs.
       | 
       | I even saw a comment in this thread suggesting that if caffeine
       | has a prolonged affect on you, then you have some unique genetics
       | and it's essentially your problem, not the drug. Similar to the
       | narrative about alcohol. It's interesting to compare that
       | attitude to the way illegal drugs that can't advertise or lobby
       | are viewed.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Alcohol reduces functions, caffeine clearly enhances functions.
         | If caffeine was involved in nearly all violent crime like
         | alcohol is, we would think differently of it.
        
           | andor wrote:
           | I would claim that for regular users of caffeine, it merely
           | restores function to a baseline level.
        
             | jwells89 wrote:
             | While I don't have hard evidence to support the idea, I
             | believe this is highly variable between individuals.
             | 
             | I'm not a heavy coffee drinker, but I do have a cup in the
             | mornings some time between 6:30-8:00. This makes it easy to
             | stop as needed; there are some days where I skip it out of
             | necessity (too busy), and occasionally I'll go a weekend
             | without it just to keep my tolerance in check. During these
             | periods, I never experience adverse effects.
             | 
             | The main benefit I glean from coffee is not feeling awake,
             | but notably improved ability to focus. In my experience, my
             | baseline ability is just not as good; there's no "bounce
             | back" after extended periods of going without, it just
             | stays somewhere between bad and average indefinitely.
        
               | NBJack wrote:
               | I strongly suspect this manifests more in folks that
               | consistently intake > 100mg per day. I used to regularly
               | intake 200mg total across ~2 beverages (mostly because I
               | just enjoyed the flavor), and suffered mild headaches if
               | I skipped my schedule. I know others that _start_ their
               | day with 200mg in a single, quad shot beverage.
        
             | riversflow wrote:
             | Everybody is different.
             | 
             | 3 years ago I took a summer and then autumn off of
             | caffeine; my intent was to quit and only use caffeine in
             | "times of need". This would be an on-brand thing for me to
             | do as a person, and something I wanted pretty bad. But
             | after 4 full months without touching any caffeine, my
             | mood/energy levels never returned or even really rebounded
             | any further than they did after the first month. I'm just a
             | different person with caffeine, even after I'm
             | addicted/habituated/develop tolerance. Notably I have a lot
             | more energy, and I'm not a high energy person to start
             | with. This energy allows me to better take care of myself,
             | exercise, and be social, all things that I struggle with in
             | its absence.
             | 
             | From experience, I can function fine without caffeine, even
             | under an acute withdrawal scenario. In fact, some of my
             | greatest achievements were done without caffeine for one
             | reason or another. Not having caffeine just makes those
             | things more miserable in the moment, at least for me.
        
               | snikeris wrote:
               | Possessing the GG variant of COMT rs4680 gene might
               | explain this. Conversely, AA types might get
               | overstimulated and irritable.
        
               | Sammi wrote:
               | This makes me so tempted to get one of those whole genome
               | tests. I had issues with anxiety from age 20 to 38. I was
               | a regular drinker of coffee between the age 20 to 38.
               | About a month after quitting I was finally able to yawn
               | properly like I remember I was able to when I was young.
               | Coffee overstimulates me I figure.
        
           | austin-cheney wrote:
           | All stimulants enhance some functions to some degree, so that
           | is a poor metric of value. Cocaine, for example, temporarily
           | boosts intelligence, but consuming cocaine is not
           | recommended.
        
             | eightysixfour wrote:
             | Does cocaine temporarily boost intelligence? I thought it
             | boosted the feeling of being intelligent.
        
               | austin-cheney wrote:
               | It does. Intelligence is the capacity for learning
               | potential and cocaine boosts the ability to retain and
               | process learned sensory matter, even when sleepy. That is
               | really the greatest appeal of that drug. Again, I
               | strongly do not recommend reliance on any stimulants,
               | especially powerful ones like cocaine.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | Interesting can you cite a source?
               | 
               | I found this: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2096405/
               | which shows a consistent improvement in tests, but the
               | performance increase was only 4%. I'd be willing to guess
               | that the improvement would be higher when sleepy/fatigued
               | (up to a point!) since it would increase the alertness of
               | the user, but I have never seen anything that suggests
               | cocaine boosts the ability to retain information.
        
               | zhengyi13 wrote:
               | Anecdata here, but I met a person in university in the
               | 90s who claimed:
               | 
               | 1) they had access to really, really pure cocaine, and
               | 
               | 2) they used it to study for tests.
               | 
               | If I recall correctly, they were only using cocaine for
               | the studying, not the test taking, and that they had good
               | recall on tests.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | > Does cocaine temporarily boost intelligence? I thought
               | it boosted the feeling of being intelligent.
               | 
               | For people who lack confidence or an ego, this may very
               | well be the same thing.
               | 
               | Just the urge to prove myself got me far in life.
               | Sometimes I clearly struggle more than others, especially
               | when surrounded by extremely smart people at university,
               | but at the end of the day I've gotten much further than
               | those who capitulated at the very beginning, claiming
               | they're not smart enough.
               | 
               | At this point I've taught things considered hard to a
               | fair number of people, and those who give up for no
               | objective reason at all vastly outnumber those who really
               | (probably) can't do it. You can tell someone "it will
               | probably take you twenty hours to understand this", and
               | they'll still throw their hands in the air after one hour
               | and declare they can't do it or just silently quit.
               | 
               | Being a quitter is as bad as being stupid. Worse, because
               | it's also a waste.
               | 
               | So maybe instead of doing drugs, try to scrounge up some
               | arrogance, confidence, pride, whatever it takes to make
               | you hang in there.
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | There is _a lot_ of wisdom in this comment. So many of
               | the world's most 'accomplished' people at first appear to
               | have been born special and to be fundamentally different
               | from the rest of us but usually aren't; they simply got
               | on with it and then persisted long enough to have great
               | success. They didn't let the little voice in their head
               | that says they're not as good as the others win -- either
               | because they consciously chose to fight it, or because
               | they were lucky to be born without it at all. To that
               | extent, some of us _are_ born fundamentally special.
               | 
               | It's so incredibly true that even if you tell someone
               | something's hard and it'll take a while to get they're
               | still likely to give up too early and feel inferior for
               | not 'getting it'. This is why almost everyone (at least
               | in the western world) thinks they "can't do math".
        
               | alias_neo wrote:
               | I've long believed most people can learn most things if
               | they're willing (and able) to make the effort and have
               | the right resources available to them.
               | 
               | When I left university, I started a job writing Android
               | apps that required high-performance and low-level stuff,
               | at the start I couldn't imagine it ever being "easy", I
               | struggled at first to understand it all, and often
               | wondered if I'd ever be good at it; but over time as I
               | learned more and more of it, it got easier, then a few
               | short years later I was a team lead, teaching others.
               | 
               | 10+ years before this, as a child, I couldn't imagine
               | understanding how to compile a driver for Linux and the
               | dependencies and so on, I was tinkering with distros and
               | reverse engineering/cracking software as a young teen,
               | fast forward to now, I run Linux exclusively, write
               | software targeting it exclusively and teach others as
               | team lead (different company, different team, different
               | role, different software, no longer client-side)
               | 
               | These are just two major examples that have affected my
               | every day life, both of these things put me through
               | immense frustration and took years to develop to
               | "expert".
               | 
               | There have been others, but my take away was that I've
               | done it before, I can always do it again, it gets a bit
               | harder and a bit slower with age, but I've more
               | experience underpinning anything I do try to learn (tech
               | or otherwise) and am better at learning.
               | 
               | For me, it was all about proving myself, mostly to
               | myself, and being unwilling to fail. These days, I pick
               | and choose what it is if I don't believe I have the time
               | or resources (or desire) to succeed, we don't have to be
               | good at everything, just whats important; the
               | aforementioned skills pay my bills, allow me and my
               | family to live comfortably, etc. I could learn to play
               | the piano (I still might), but I don't _need_ to.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | While this is true for many people, and most of the
               | people you'd interact with on HN or, possibly in your
               | daily life, it is not true for all people.
               | 
               | High IQ correlations with life outcomes are usually
               | pretty weak, but low IQ correlations with undesirable
               | outcomes are very strong - I think smart people
               | systematically underestimate how limiting it is to be
               | not-smart.
        
               | guluarte wrote:
               | No but increases focus
        
             | strken wrote:
             | I remember having a look for papers relating to performance
             | on cognitive tasks and caffeine, and not being able to find
             | any high-quality studies that showed an improvement. Could
             | you provide a source?
             | 
             | Cocaine would be interesting too, although I've never
             | searched for papers about it.
        
             | hnthrowaway0328 wrote:
             | I heard investment bankers rely on it from the 90s. How
             | addictive it is?
        
               | austin-cheney wrote:
               | Cocaine is less addictive than sugar and opium, but it is
               | still considered highly addictive. I don't know how
               | addictive.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | A lot.
               | 
               | And what's "funny" for bankers is that the return on
               | investment is clearly negative. It degrades your
               | cognitive function over time, your nose if it is used by
               | that route, your relations, etc
               | 
               | like every psychostimulant (caffeine as well and roughly
               | to the same extent), short term low dose use has some
               | positive cognitive impact, but it goes down with repeated
               | use and/or increased doses.
               | 
               | in the end not really worth it if your objective is
               | cognitive enhancement (and not talking about the societal
               | impact in the zones of production, which at least with
               | coffee you can control a little)
        
               | DontchaKnowit wrote:
               | in my experience, not very addictive at all. But at the
               | same time, I didn't have easy access to it, and I was
               | already heavily addicted to amphetamines at the time, so
               | maybe my experience isn't typical. But I was able to do
               | some, wait a few days, do some more, etc. With
               | amphetamines, If I had them, I was taking em all day
               | every day.
               | 
               | Also when you do the math on what a coke habit costs to
               | maintain, its mind boggling. I think that in and of its
               | self prevents a lot of would-be coke heads from
               | establishing a habit.
        
               | Modified3019 wrote:
               | I'm curious, what do amphetamines feel like to you that
               | makes them addictive?
               | 
               | For several months I took (extended release)
               | dextroamphetamine and later lisdexamfetamine, because I
               | was having a mental health crisis from a lifelong
               | ignorance of ADHD(inattentive type), autism, and what was
               | probably some sort of covid induced severe depression.
               | This was in addition to Wellbutrin.
               | 
               | While I've not found them useful in regards to the ADHD,
               | the amphetamines seemed to be highly effective
               | antidepressants in my case.
               | 
               | The very first day I started, I felt something that
               | wasn't really euphoria, but more like a sense of
               | wellbeing after months of daily spirals of passive
               | suicidal ideation that would last for hours. But after
               | that first day I basically felt no effects, other than
               | not having depression. I didn't feel good, I simply
               | didn't feel involuntarily _bad_ anymore.
               | 
               | Other effects -I was able to find a small degree of self
               | satisfaction after working out (with a trainer, or it
               | would not have happened), rather than it being 100% suck
               | during and after, with the only motivation being
               | intellectual. It should be noted that working out had no
               | observable benefit towards my depression. -I was somewhat
               | more chatty if I had lapsed taking the pills and had
               | started again. -I think it somewhat negatively affected
               | late evening drowsiness and energy levels during the day
               | (made me more prone to wanting naps around noon)
               | 
               | Eventually whatever was causing my underlying depression
               | seemed to resolve, so I simply ceased taking the
               | medications since there was simply no reason to continue.
               | There is no desire to take my remaining pills, it's just
               | nice to have a tool known and available should I get
               | another depression flare up. A blended mocha is _far_
               | more tempting.
               | 
               | So I'm curious what amphetamine addiction feels like,
               | what do they do for you that pulls at you?
        
               | DontchaKnowit wrote:
               | When I take them, anything I do feels insanely
               | gratifying. Its just euphoric. Like as soon as they kick
               | in I feel like im on a big drop on a rollercoaster.
               | 
               | It goes away quick though, and gets replaced by a cadre
               | of horrible side effects, which makes me just want more.
               | They also make my mind race with ideas which excites me.
               | They are never good and never go anywhere but the racing
               | thoughts are thrilling.
               | 
               | Honestly cant describe why I was so impulsive with them.
               | Like I knew they made me feel horrible on a longer time
               | scale but I still ate them like m&ms.
        
               | Modified3019 wrote:
               | No that explains it really well, thank you. While that
               | exact sort of experience is alien to me (my capacity for
               | happiness or excitement is generally _very_ muted),
               | thanks to analogous enough experiences I can definitely
               | see how that could become uncontrollable if people have
               | them at hand.
               | 
               | If someone gave me 2 pounds of gummi bears that were
               | secretly caffeinated, I could see doing something similar
               | to myself.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > Alcohol reduces functions, caffeine clearly enhances
           | functions.
           | 
           | In occasional users this might be true, but is it true in
           | regular users? Anecdotally, I hear far more people
           | complaining about being completely unable to function (and
           | I've often recognized that they're perceptibly out of it)
           | until they've had their next cup of coffee than I have heard
           | people talk about getting great productivity _gains_ from it.
           | 
           | I don't use caffeine regularly in part to keep it available
           | for when I really need it, and I have never once felt like I
           | was lower functioning than my coworkers as a result--on the
           | contrary, my energy levels seem to be far more stable
           | throughout the workday.
        
             | cassianoleal wrote:
             | > I hear far more people complaining about being completely
             | unable to function (and I've often recognized that they're
             | perceptibly out of it) until they've had their next cup of
             | coffee than I have heard people talk about getting great
             | productivity gains from it.
             | 
             | Unable to function == 0 productivity. How is getting over
             | that not effecting productivity gains?
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | It depends on if some significant chunk of the population
               | naturally can't function on a regular basis and caffeine
               | solves that or if caffeine withdrawals cause someone to
               | be unable to function until they get the next dose.
               | 
               | If it's withdrawals then caffeine is creating the problem
               | that it later solves, which means that consuming it
               | regularly is not a net productivity gain over not using
               | or using rarely.
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | Caffeine doesn't enhance any function, it simply masks
           | tiredness in the short term, at the cost of reduced quality
           | of sleep.
           | 
           | The question is, does caffeine "clearly enhance" cognitive
           | functions long-term.
        
             | pcai wrote:
             | Actually caffeine is a well known and widely studied
             | performance enhancing drug, for example in endurance sports
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | If you haven't done long-haul driving, you might think
             | caffeine doesn't enhance any function.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | "cost of reduced quality of sleep" - very dependent on
             | dosage and timing.
        
           | m0llusk wrote:
           | It is not clear that a boost to speed is always an
           | enhancement. Really deep expression and learning often
           | involves slowing down.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | relevant: https://xkcd.com/323/
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | I think it is a matter of perception.
           | 
           | For example, lots of DUI type accidents are blamed on
           | alcohol, but it might actually be sleep deprivation that is
           | the most fundamental cause of the accident.
           | 
           | In a similar way, I wonder if similar sleep-related accidents
           | or incidents could more properly have caffeine as a root
           | cause (after it has worn off)
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | People do joke about being dangerous without their morning
         | coffee, but I have yet to see a coffee addict breaking into
         | vehicles to score their morning fix. Also I have never had to
         | worry someone is going to mug my loved ones to get some quick
         | cash for a double-double. And have you ever heard of someone
         | who skips important appointments because they stayed out
         | getting high on caffeine instead
         | 
         | Pretending caffeine is as detrimental to our society as e.g.
         | fentanyl is prime intellectual dishonesty.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > Pretending caffeine is as detrimental to our society as
           | e.g. fentanyl is prime intellectual dishonesty.
           | 
           | These are your words, not OP's. OP isn't claiming that
           | caffeine is as bad as any other drug. They're claiming that
           | it, like other drugs, is likely to have negative health
           | effects that outweigh positive ones and that it's interesting
           | that it gets a special place in our culture while other drugs
           | get banned and shunned.
           | 
           | Nothing in that claim says that caffeine is as bad as the
           | worst illegal drugs.
        
             | anthony_d wrote:
             | > They're claiming that it, like other drugs, is likely to
             | have negative health effects that outweigh positive ones
             | 
             | That alone is a strong and unsupported statement. Drugs
             | frequently involve tradeoffs, but saying the negative out
             | weighs the positive is not the same thing.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Only drugs that have artificially high prices caused by
           | having no legal source lead to addicts committing crime to
           | find their habit. Caffeine and alcohol are cheap and easily
           | available.
        
             | gunapologist99 wrote:
             | With all due respect, I wouldn't commit any crimes if
             | caffeine was suddenly illegal. I'd have headaches for a few
             | days and that'd be it.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | With all due respect, I've heard the exact same thing
               | from a number of folks taking Opioids after surgery. They
               | were right, fortunately, and navigated their withdrawal
               | symptoms without incident.
               | 
               | I'm sure you're right too, but it's not a particularly
               | convincing argument. I've definitely seen behaviors that
               | horrify me from some of the caffeine addicts in my life.
               | I bet caffeine prohibition would lead to a rise in
               | domestic disputes, for starters, followed by Starbucks
               | speakeasys and coffee cartels.
        
               | jpalawaga wrote:
               | Comparing opioids to caffeine is also not a particularly
               | convincing argument... Is your comment satire?
        
               | guluarte wrote:
               | Withdraw from caffeine is not the same as opioids
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | A Starbucks speakeasy sounds awesome actually.
        
           | DontchaKnowit wrote:
           | This is what the drug war has done to our minds.
           | 
           | People would absolutely be burglarizing homes to feed their
           | caffeine habit if caffeine wasn't dirt cheap due to the free
           | market. If it were legal to produce meth your local meth-head
           | would not be raiding your house for copper because it would
           | be cheap enough that his minimum wage job could support his
           | habit.'
           | 
           | And frankly I've showed up to important events absolutely
           | fucking geeked on caffeine, feeling like complete dogshit,
           | but because caffeine use is normalized no one bats an eye.
        
             | thecrash wrote:
             | Drug war bad, but I'm not sure these drugs can be equated
             | so simply. Caffeine has a mild euphoric effect but not
             | nearly as much as meth. Both caffeine users and meth users
             | are prone to hyper-focused behavior loops - e.g. super
             | meticulous house cleaning. But meth is so much more
             | euphoric that the behaviors don't have to be intrinsically
             | rewarding at all. For many people, when you feel that high,
             | doing pretty much anything is rewarding. That's why you get
             | weird behaviors on meth like people pulling out their hairs
             | one by one, or completely disassembling a working TV.
             | 
             | Those behaviors are not conducive to holding down most
             | jobs. If our society did more work educating and supporting
             | people in productively integrating their use of drugs into
             | a functional lifestyle, maybe it would be less of a
             | problem. Certainly there are some ways people could use
             | meth that are positive. But I still think there's something
             | about meth that makes it more likely to ruin lives than
             | caffeine.
        
               | DontchaKnowit wrote:
               | I agree, but Id say theyre part of the same continuum
               | rather than fundamentally different.
        
             | saganus wrote:
             | It feels like the strength and type of withdrawal symptoms
             | for each substance plays a big role here.
             | 
             | I've only ever been addicted to caffeine and cigarettes and
             | while my withdrawal symptoms were terrible (almost-
             | disabling headaches, anxiety, etc) I don't think they were
             | ever so bad that it would make me violent.
             | 
             | As opposed to people I knew that were addicted to cocaine
             | and meth which would go absolutely crazy for their next
             | fix. In the particular case of the person that was addicted
             | to cocaine, money was not an issue and would still become
             | violent when the fix was not available, so I don't think
             | it's necessarily a function of price or access to it.
             | 
             | Of course, my sample size is very small but given that I
             | also know a ton of people that quit cigarettes and caffeine
             | without becoming violent, I would say withdrawal symptoms
             | are probably a strong component on how violent people get.
        
             | SkyBelow wrote:
             | >People would absolutely be burglarizing homes to feed
             | their caffeine habit if caffeine wasn't dirt cheap due to
             | the free market.
             | 
             | I'm about as caffeinated as most anyone else I know, and I
             | would not. There are times where just putting on a pot of
             | coffee is too much work for me to make my daily fix and I
             | lazily skip it for the day.
             | 
             | I do get withdrawal headaches and probably behave a bit
             | differently, but even then sometimes I don't make the
             | effort to get it. I've been at conference and hotels where
             | the only options were so badly made I skipped it for days
             | and just took the headache.
        
             | meroes wrote:
             | I have to agree when my coworkers and I are chugging energy
             | drinks from before work till the afternoon. I finally quit
             | that level of intake because of panic attacks (still have
             | 1-2 cups of coffee occasionally).
             | 
             | 240mg of caffeine for breakfast! Certainly!
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | > highly profitable substance
         | 
         | Yes and no. I've been a fan of caffeine pills for years. They
         | are very cheap, readily available (portable), and most
         | importantly to me offer completely consistent dosing. With
         | caffeine pills I'm able to ensure I stay below the FDA
         | recommended maximum daily intake of 400 mg (worst case).
         | Another fun bonus - when a physician asks you what your
         | caffeine intake is and you respond in milligrams they look at
         | you funny.
         | 
         | Otherwise I completely agree with you. Every time I'm at an
         | airport, etc I marvel at how many caffeine addicts are standing
         | in line at Starbucks for however long ready to drop $10 (or
         | whatever it costs) for a beverage with a completely unknown and
         | highly variable dose of what is fundamentally a drug. Doubly so
         | for variations that have other negative things like
         | adulterations and calories.
         | 
         | Caffeine is a drug and should be treated as such. If you were
         | taking any other drug (over the counter or RX) would anyone
         | tolerate "today it's 100 mg, tomorrow it's 400 mg"?
        
           | DontchaKnowit wrote:
           | caffeine pills are awesome for the reasons you described, but
           | I do find that coffee "feels" different as a result of the
           | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (probably). coffee feels more
           | pushy and dirty - more peripheral nervous system stimulation
        
           | wildzzz wrote:
           | My wife uses caffeine pills on occasion but I prefer energy
           | drinks most mornings alongside something like toast.
           | Obviously more expensive but the drink has a slower come-up
           | (likely due to the extra water and food). Whenever I do take
           | pills instead, I'm in a rush so I'm not drinking more water
           | than necessary and definitely not eating anything. I like the
           | Celsius drink mixes since I can put one in my water bottle
           | and dose slowly over the course of the morning but they
           | aren't that much cheaper than buying a case of cans. Coffee
           | is definitely the cheapest energy drink available and I
           | suppose instant coffee is probably the quickest and cheapest.
           | I like coffee but I'm not a huge coffee drinker. I would love
           | to be able to buy a jar of instant energy drink of a
           | inoffensive flavor and be able to toss a couple scoops in my
           | bottle. I've tried to do this with caffeine pills but the
           | caffeine powder doesn't mix well with cold water.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | I completely understand what you mean by intake over time.
             | 
             | Caffeine pills are more like take a pill, wait X minutes,
             | and then get the sensation of "oh, there it is" as it all
             | "hits" at once.
             | 
             | There are more expensive time release variants but I don't
             | have much experience with them.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | I just take the 200mg tabs, crack them into quarters and
               | take the bits over time.
               | 
               | A quarter tab with a glass of cold water should hit
               | slower than the same amount of caffeine pre-dissolved in
               | an espresso. Likely matches up with a quickly downed
               | coffee.
               | 
               | From time to time, I put a tab in a sodastream
               | seltzer/sodawater (and wow does it make the bubbles
               | release!)
        
             | xyst wrote:
             | > I like the Celsius drink mixes since I can put one in my
             | water bottle and dose slowly over the course of the morning
             | but they aren't that much cheaper than buying a case of
             | cans.
             | 
             | In addition to your caffeine, you get a "healthy" dose of
             | synthetic sugar (aka Sucralose) [1] and other crap added by
             | the drink company to market it as "healthy"
             | 
             | Personally, I can't stand those drinks. Every "0 calorie, 0
             | sugar" drink is nearly identical in ingredients. Some use
             | different forms of synthetic sugar. The taste is off
             | putting.
             | 
             | Sure, there _might_ not be a glycemic spike but at what
             | cost that has not been studied?
             | 
             | - what's the impact to gut microbiome?
             | 
             | - what's the impact to other human physiology? (Increased
             | cancer risk?)
             | 
             | I'll take my risk with real sugar and just limit the
             | consumption to very sparingly.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucralose
             | 
             | [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37256996/
        
           | xanderlewis wrote:
           | > caffeine addicts are standing in line at Starbucks
           | 
           | Have you considered that those people queuing outside
           | Starbucks might be drinking coffee because they enjoy the
           | whole experience? Caffeine pills are an absurdity to me
           | because I only drink coffee for the taste. Why suffer the
           | unwanted effects of a drug _without_ the enjoyment that it's
           | supposed to come with?
        
             | luqtas wrote:
             | i think you are bitting the dust of getting used to the
             | taste of a drug, just like people who drink wine, beer etc.
             | 
             | these are literally toxic & you get a natural avoidance
             | response the 1deg time you try, with very rare cases of
             | acceptance without repulse
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | I never understood the acquired taste thing. If I don't
               | like the taste the first time I try something then there
               | won't be a second time. Why acquire a taste for something
               | you didn't originally like?
        
               | NobodyNada wrote:
               | For coffee, for me personally: because it wasn't that
               | hard to acquire. It took me like 2 cups of black coffee
               | to get used to the bitterness, and the rest of the flavor
               | is delicious.
        
               | BazookaMusic wrote:
               | Sometimes the first time you try something the new
               | experience can be overwhelming. You can focus on a
               | specific part of an experience, for example the
               | bitterness of a drink and quickly decide you don't like
               | it. It can also be that the first time you try something
               | you are in a bad mood or negatively predisposed towards
               | something, eg. your parents may have said something
               | tastes bad while growing up and you haven't tried it
               | yourself.
               | 
               | Multiple tries of something can lead to different
               | experiences by tweaking different factors.
               | 
               | In the end, some things we just don't like, but one try
               | is not necessarily a good sample.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | I'm specifically talking about taste and not experiences
               | in general. I don't like the taste of something I don't
               | try it again. I haven't found it limiting and as I said I
               | don't understand people drinking coffee enough to acquire
               | a taste for it. I know people do this and they end up
               | liking coffee. I just don't understand that mentality
               | though. It's not for me but clearly is for some people.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | Brains find familiar things comforting and "good". Brains
               | can also find brand new things, especially experiences
               | that have nothing in common with anything we've
               | encountered in the past, as "bad".
               | 
               | This applies to almost everything. Music is a good
               | example, someone who has only grown up listening to folk
               | music will likely find death metal incredibly hard to
               | listen to, but they may find folk metal a little bit
               | relatable.
               | 
               | Same goes for art, when the classical artists first came
               | out with super realistic portraits, many people found
               | them ugly and repulsive, because they were so different
               | than what came before. Then when things got more
               | abstract, the same reaction occurred.
               | 
               | This is also why people may not like a new song until
               | they have heard it a bunch of times, then it can become
               | one of their favorites! It lights up the "I know this
               | thing" pathways in the brain.
               | 
               | Well food is the same. People from cultures that don't
               | eat cheese are not likely to enjoy a super stinky cheese
               | to start with, but you can likely give them a mozzarella
               | or a super mild Brie and they'll be fine with it
               | (possibly after trying it a few times). Then after their
               | brain gets used to "this is brie cheese, and it is pretty
               | good" they may end up enjoying a slightly more
               | aged/funkier brie cheese, and after a few years down that
               | path they can be eating a wide variety of soft cheeses.
               | 
               | This is why trying food again is worthwhile.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | As it pertains to food and drink I don't agree with or
               | understand repeatedly trying something I don't like. It's
               | good that you find that it works for you but it doesn't
               | for me. Cabbage makes me vomit. I don't like it and will
               | never again knowingly try it. Once was enough.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | > As it pertains to food and drink I don't agree with or
               | understand repeatedly trying something I don't like
               | 
               | Let me give an example.
               | 
               | My wife used to _hate_ lamb. An American style lamb
               | roast[1] was atrocious to her.
               | 
               | Then one day at a friends house we had super thin cut
               | highly seasoned grilled cumin lamb. It is a _completely_
               | different taste than a lamb roast. She liked it.
               | 
               | So after a few times of having that dish, that she was
               | open to trying some other lamb dishes, but always highly
               | seasoned and cut into small chunks. These other dishes
               | _she did not like_ before, but now she found that she
               | did.
               | 
               | Her brain had adopted the idea that "small pieces of
               | highly seasoned lamb taste good".
               | 
               | > I don't like it and will never again knowingly try it.
               | 
               | There is plenty of horrible cabbage out there. Like,
               | awful stuff that I would not want to eat.
               | 
               | But a Korean kimchi cabbage is a lot different than a
               | Vietnamese pickled cabbage which is a lot different than
               | sauerkraut which is a lot different that cabbage fried in
               | bacon fat.
               | 
               | Seriously if you are a person who likes bacon, try some
               | thin sliced cabbage fried in bacon fat. I know people who
               | _hate_ sauerkraut, but who love crispy fried cabbage.
               | 
               | It also depends on the type of cabbage, and there are
               | lots of types. Different types of cabbage are as
               | different as grapefruits are to oranges, if someone hates
               | grapefruit they should still give oranges a try. And if
               | someone hates lemon juice they should still try orange
               | popsicles! (and maybe that person hates all citrus fruits
               | equally, but they won't know until they try more than 1!)
               | 
               | But I also have food that I just cannot eat w/o puking it
               | right back out. Mushrooms are my weakness, but only
               | certain types of mushrooms. Pretty much every type of
               | mushroom used in western cuisine makes me sick, but I am
               | fine eating enoki mushrooms or wood ear mushrooms, and
               | I'm glad I gave both a try despite my vomiting reaction
               | to button/portobello mushrooms!
               | 
               | [1] TBF American style lamb roasts are a waste of a
               | perfectly good lamb.
        
               | edmundsauto wrote:
               | I used to be this way, but then I realized two flawed
               | assumptions. Both related to each other:
               | 
               | 1. Some % of the time, my first experience will not be
               | like the others.
               | 
               | 2. I will not be the same person the next time I try
               | something.
               | 
               | If your strategy works for you and you don't feel
               | limited, that's great! Many people do feel limited if
               | they only ate things they liked the first time. I am very
               | happy that I eat bell peppers, onions, yoghurt, coffee,
               | and (less happy due to calories) beer. If I only ate what
               | I liked when I first tried it as a kid, I would be eating
               | a lot of cheese pizza, candy, soda, and ice cream.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | If people lived by that there would be a lot of adults
               | who never want to eat anything other than chicken nuggets
               | and mac 'n cheese.
               | 
               | For me, the biggest example is sushi. I didn't like it
               | all the first time mostly because of the texture of the
               | raw fish. Eating it with somebody who knew a lot about it
               | changed everything for me. Now going to a great sushi
               | restaurant is one of my very favorite things to do.
        
               | socks wrote:
               | I really disliked beer until I was about 25 years old. I
               | kept occasionally trying it, maybe because my girlfriend
               | liked beer, and one day, to my surprise, found a
               | particular beer I really liked. Trying new craft beers is
               | now a bit of a passion, and have had over 250 different
               | beers (I avoid buying repeats [unless extremely good] or
               | a multipack)
        
               | rfrey wrote:
               | I wonder how long my son would have survived on an
               | exclusive McDonalds french fry diet.
        
               | shrimp_emoji wrote:
               | Probably to 53:
               | https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/24/entertainment/morgan-
               | spurlock...
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | I doubt your son did not like the taste of any other
               | foods beside McDonalds french fries. I don't understand
               | your point.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | Maybe it's cheaper or has health benefits?
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | It's like asking 'why practice an instrument you can't
               | already play?'.
               | 
               | If you only try each thing once and give up, you'll get
               | stuck in a local flavour maximum.
               | 
               | Basically, what I'm saying is: it's perfectly possible
               | that the best experiences you can have are those that
               | require a certain amount of less-pleasant experiences
               | preceding them. You can stick with the medium-level
               | experiences and you'll never try anything bad twice, but
               | you'll also never discover things that might change your
               | life.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Coffee is one of my very favorite things in the whole
               | world and I don't ever remember a time where I didn't
               | like it. Right from the start I've always preferred it
               | black - no flavors or dairy.
               | 
               | Alcohol is a little different. Beer I loved from my first
               | sip when I was probably 5 or 6. Whisky, gin, vodka,
               | etc... I mostly didn't like until I learned a little bit
               | more about the drinks and the flavors that alcohol can
               | carry (it's why cooking with alcohol can be amazing).
               | 
               | My life with vegetables is similar. As a kid I thought
               | there was nothing more vile than broccoli and brussel
               | sprouts. I thought tomatoes were gross and grapefruit was
               | pure poison. As an adult, I've learned to love all that
               | stuff.
               | 
               | Palates change.
        
             | guhidalg wrote:
             | > Have you considered that those people queuing outside
             | Starbucks might be drinking coffee because they enjoy the
             | whole experience?
             | 
             | Not the OP, but to respond to your question I think that
             | Starbucks is actually hitting its customers with a triple-
             | whammy of caffeine, sugar, and fat that most brains can't
             | resist addiction to. Are you sure they actually enjoy
             | Starbucks coffee and not its addictive components?
        
               | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
               | > Are you sure they actually enjoy Starbucks coffee and
               | not its addictive components?
               | 
               | That's the same thing. Enjoying the components of
               | something is basically the definition of enjoying
               | something.
        
               | galleywest200 wrote:
               | Not OP but I generally only order black coffee when I go
               | to Starbucks, so yes.
        
               | elevaet wrote:
               | It's that triple-whammy plus the comfort of consuming the
               | spell that Starbucks has woven for their customers.
               | 
               | I think for a lot of people buying a "special"
               | coffee/thing at Starbucks squeezes that "I'm treating
               | myself" gland just right.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Are they ordering decaf?
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | Yes, sometimes.
        
               | hangonhn wrote:
               | Many people enjoy both the effects and the
               | taste/experience of drinking coffee.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | It is my understanding that decaf coffee is typically
               | made from poor quality beans, because consumers typically
               | expect decaf to cost as much as regular coffee even
               | though the decaffeination process means an additional
               | cost.
               | 
               | For decades I only drank decaf and only in the past few
               | years I have replaced my morning cup with regular coffee
               | because it's so much easier (and cheaper!) to find good
               | beans.
               | 
               | In other words, there are good reasons to consume
               | caffeinated coffee besides an addiction to caffeine.
        
               | 0x457 wrote:
               | I make coffee at home and I always have decaf beans on
               | hand. Sometimes I just want to:
               | 
               | a) Go through a process of making espresso (yay coffee
               | toys^Wtools)
               | 
               | b) Just want to drink some coffee because of its taste
               | 
               | I eye-ball how much caffeine I consume and cut-off myself
               | waaaay before the guideline and 10 hours before target
               | bedtime. Given that caffeine half life is about 5 hours
               | it works out perfectly. However, if still want coffee due
               | to any of the reasons above - I make decaff.
        
             | booleandilemma wrote:
             | Overly competitive people over-optimizing everything. Why
             | waste the time drinking a cup of coffee when you could just
             | swallow a pill? The only enjoyment these people get are
             | from beating others. They're not capable of appreciating a
             | cup of coffee, or they think they're too busy to.
             | 
             | One of them is reading this comment right now and thinking
             | about adding "appreciate coffee" to their calendar.
        
               | skeaker wrote:
               | This seems too defensive/aggressive. The pill guy made
               | his case very well I think, he wanted the benefits of
               | caffeine in a consistent dosage and pills fit that
               | purpose. His motivation is inherently different from
               | someone who wants to enjoy a cup of coffee, but having a
               | different goal doesn't mean your goal is better or worse
               | than someone else's. Nobody's "beating" anyone, and
               | "these people" certainly don't only get enjoyment from
               | beating others.
        
             | neves wrote:
             | I agree with you about the experience, but nobody who
             | really likes coffee goes to Starbuck for the taste:-). They
             | are really addicted
        
               | goosedragons wrote:
               | At the airport though it's not hard to believe Starbucks
               | might actually be the best option.
        
               | out-of-ideas wrote:
               | we used to take a 10m walk to a SB just to gtfo the
               | office, to have a walk after the hour+ commute, to people
               | watch, and to BS with the coworkers. it just also
               | happened to be a great source of hot sugar that went well
               | with the baileys. addiction to having a mental break from
               | the stresses, yes, but in no way addicted to the caffine
               | (nor sugar)
        
               | dnissley wrote:
               | It might be true that they're addicted to caffeine, but
               | it's likely also true that they're addicted to Starbucks
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | You do have a point there.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | Starbucks is only a little worse than boutique coffee
               | shops in my experience, but they are fast, conveniently
               | located, open earlier, open later, pay their employees
               | well (for a coffee shop) and pay for their employees'
               | educations.
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | Their coffee is significantly worse tasting (especially
               | if you drink it black, as I often do). With milk it's
               | perfectly acceptable, especially if you go for their
               | 'blonde' roast.
               | 
               | I totally agree about opening times! Starbucks is often
               | the only place open after 5 or so.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I think true coffee lovers like decaf (lets them drink more
             | coffee)
             | 
             | hard to get good decaf though, it seems to me like trying
             | to buy diet donuts.
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | Decaf that tastes like caf would be great. Unfortunately
               | it seems to be impossible. Or at least, I haven't found
               | it yet. The standard processes used to remove the
               | caffeine seem to also remove enough of the other
               | compounds to make it noticeably more watery and thin.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | It's possible, but very difficult.
               | 
               | The problem isn't really the removal of compounds, as far
               | as I can tell, but moreso the change to the bean
               | composition itself. Because the porosity increases so
               | much roasting the decaf beans is much more difficult.
               | Additionally, beans grind differently due to their
               | porosity and brittleness.
               | 
               | Basically, this means both the roaster and the grinder of
               | the beans (and preparer of the coffee) need to change
               | their behaviors slightly.
               | 
               | Then, at the end of it, the coffee stales much faster so
               | it'll go bad faster.
        
           | bmacho wrote:
           | This is my opinion about caffeine pills too. Cheap,
           | convenient, effective, and safer against overdose than coffee
           | (in one hand, a box of pills is probably lethal amount, but
           | in the other hand, at least for me, it is much easier to
           | control the amount of caffeine using pills, than using
           | coffee).
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | At work, I drink coffee, decaf, black.
           | 
           | If I'm going to a coffee shop to drop $7, it's not because
           | I'm an addict, it's because I want to splurge on a sweet
           | dessert.
           | 
           | I also sometimes buy ice cream at the grocery, for the same
           | reason.
           | 
           | I'm assuming you eat nothing but bread and water,
           | unadulterated by anything that makes food delicious.
        
           | alfiedotwtf wrote:
           | Caffeine pills. Woah... so I guess I knew they existed but
           | didn't actually know what their purpose was, but what you say
           | about consistency is totally on the mark. I measure
           | everything in my coffee process, and I'm lucky in Melbourne
           | that so many cafes do too, but yes - I avoid most cafes that
           | look like they have average and dark beans because of the
           | wild inconsistencies and most certantly burned taste.
           | 
           | So do you take them to maintain alertness as anyone else
           | would with coffee, to boost nootropics, or none of the above?
           | Sorry for being nosey but this is interesting to me, because
           | if I'm away from my machine and going to an unknown place
           | then I take my portable handheld espresso machine and already
           | ground beans, but a simple tablet sounds WAY more
           | convenient!!
        
           | ssijak wrote:
           | most people at starbucks are addicted to sugar and not
           | caffeine
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | I, like many others, drink a considerable amount of coffee
           | for the taste. I typically drink decaf so it is difficult to
           | ascribe the habit to addiction.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | I must be the real sucker. I've stood in line at the cafe
           | just to get steamed milk!
        
           | snikeris wrote:
           | You're missing out on the phytochemicals that contribute to
           | the positive effects of drinking tea or coffee. You're
           | getting all the bad (and good) of chronic caffeine
           | stimulation, with none of the plant medicine benefits that
           | tea and coffee drinkers receive.
        
           | silverpepsi wrote:
           | >If you were taking any other drug (over the counter or RX)
           | would anyone tolerate "today it's 100 mg, tomorrow it's 400
           | mg"?
           | 
           | afaik melatonin. Not super happy about it but it is what it
           | is, giving it up has a high cost too.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | This really hit home when I started swapping caffeine out for
         | Adderall on work days. Literal amphetamines have a more mild
         | effect on me than a strong coffee.
        
           | theragra wrote:
           | I agree, reasonable amphetamine dose is easier on me than too
           | much tea and coffee.
        
         | smrtinsert wrote:
         | Anecdotal: I gave up my caffeine when it got the point that I
         | was consuming 3-4 cups a day to combat persistent sleep
         | deprivation and I noticed my stomach no longer would cooperate
         | with it. Immediately, I began having dreams again which I
         | hadn't had in years and didn't notice when they disappeared. I
         | had bad headaches that tapered off after about 2-3 months. I
         | awake usually refreshed, and my sleep patterns are much more
         | regular, my body no longer can deal with less than 7 hours of
         | sleep and will complain to me if I try to get away with less.
         | My experience was ultimately that caffeine kept me awake but
         | not at my cognitive best. I think it only worked before because
         | I was younger and I'm now middle-aged. My stomach, brain, and
         | body are better without a doubt. I still have small glasses of
         | tea every once in a while when I really miss a hot drink and a
         | pick me up. Hope this helps anyone else considering.
        
         | audunw wrote:
         | Spinach is also mildly detrimental to health. (Oxylates)
         | Doesn't mean you should think that it's bad for you unless you
         | have a problem with kidney stones.
         | 
         | Both black coffee and tea have several well documented health
         | benefits.
         | 
         | Even caffeine in isolation can probably have benefits when used
         | correctly.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | It's interesting that coffee (black) is essentially perfect
         | (mostly pros, few or no cons) yet there is a small crowd bent
         | on demonizing it.
        
       | hereme888 wrote:
       | Caffeine, up to a certain daily dose, is associated with long-
       | term cognitive benefits and a reduced risk of dementia.
       | 
       | This study hints that it specifically doesn't benefit gray matter
       | volume during periods of sleep restriction, at least in the short
       | term.
       | 
       | I wonder if substances like Ashwagandha extract or Magnesium
       | L-threonate could mitigate gray matter loss during short term
       | sleep restriction among caffeine drinkers.
        
         | azinman2 wrote:
         | Ashwagandha extract Can only be safely taken up to 3 months.
         | It's not a long term benefit. Magnesium affects your heart's
         | signaling, which can be problematic if too much.
         | 
         | I'm curious why you asked about Ashwagandha ahd magnesium? They
         | seem to be THE supplements du jour, which is a pretty weird
         | concept. There is a lot of grift going on, and little
         | recognition of the potential negative health impacts of both.
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | Rule: if you drink (coffee) dot not stay awake.
        
       | iamleppert wrote:
       | I've sad it before, and I'll say it again: the human body is not
       | meant to ingest any other liquid than pure, filtered water.
        
         | whamlastxmas wrote:
         | Breast milk and the million sources of liquid in the foods we
         | eat disagrees
        
         | thebruce87m wrote:
         | Maybe you should stop saying it? When we are born we 1) don't
         | have a filter installed and 2) drink milk.
        
       | andro_dev wrote:
       | Caffeine does nothing for me at all, I do not get a kick when I
       | drink coffee. It does not affect my sleep, it does not give me a
       | boost at all. So I am a bit of jealous of those who can utilize
       | caffeine for mental boost, I just drink it for the taste.
        
         | maipen wrote:
         | I used to say the same thing until I tried different types of
         | coffee and different amounts.
         | 
         | The average expresso doesn't do much.
         | 
         | Also if you are already feeling well, it's unlikely you will
         | feel a big difference unless you consume a high dosage of
         | caffeine, which can also cause you some anxiety.
         | 
         | Caffeine is great when we are feeling low energy or sleepy.
        
           | andro_dev wrote:
           | Thanks I will try higher dosage.
        
           | thebruce87m wrote:
           | What specifically do you recommend trying? I don't seem to
           | get any physical symptoms after a coffee but my wife is the
           | complete opposite.
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | I am growingly convinced that coffee/caffeine hit people in very
       | different ways. https://www.23andme.com/topics/wellness/caffeine-
       | consumption... has a few fun citations to look through on this,
       | but discussions of how varied we are with how it impacts us is
       | ridiculously invisible in most discussions of it.
       | 
       | Sleep is similar. We speak of "night owls" and such, but most
       | discussion around the varied needs of sleep are age targeted.
       | With most discussion on how we should let kids sleep longer.
        
         | claytongulick wrote:
         | I'm one of those.
         | 
         | I have this super weird thing where I'm hyper-sensitive to
         | caffeine, and its effects will hit me sometimes 6+ hours later.
         | 
         | If I have a cup of coffee in the late morning, it will keep me
         | up most of the night, and a single cup of coffee will make me
         | manic-ish.
         | 
         | People have (doctors included) told me that what I was
         | experiencing was impossible, that caffeine in metabolized in a
         | certain way and completely out of your system quickly.
         | 
         | Turns out, that's true with most people, unless you have a
         | variant in the CYP1A2 gene, which can cause the effects I
         | experience.
        
       | lanstin wrote:
       | On a cultural note regarding the threads, the moralistic make do
       | with what god gives you side and the yay drink coffee and do
       | stuff and be happy side have been around a long time. A little
       | Bach Cantata about a grumpy old dad and his coffee drinking
       | daughter: https://youtu.be/nifUBDgPhl4?feature=shared
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | >> Each participant underwent a 9-day laboratory visit consisting
       | of one adaptation day, 2 baseline days (BL), 5-day sleep
       | restriction (5 h time-in-bed), and a recovery day (REC) after an
       | 8-h sleep opportunity.
       | 
       | Was this a vacation? Was this study done at a resort? During push
       | times I _aspire_ to 5-hour sleep times. Talk to anyone in any
       | branch of the military. During any sort of active operation,
       | 5-hours in bed is total luxury. Or fishers. Or cops. Or food
       | service workers. Or doctors.
        
       | EZ-E wrote:
       | Side topic, but dropping coffee was the best thing I ever did. I
       | used to drink only one cup a day, rarely two, for many years -
       | but turns out when I stopped (for reasons unrelated) my anxiety
       | unexpectedly 80% went away after a week or so without any other
       | changes in my lifestyle. It was a big difference and I feel now
       | very different than what I used to. I wake up much better rested
       | too (much easier to get out of bed). Too bad, I really loved the
       | taste but it's not worth it for me.
       | 
       | I encourage anyone to give it a try a few weeks and see how they
       | feel. You may not realize what you thought is your baseline is in
       | fact caused by caffeine sensitivity. I heard of some people being
       | sensitive to caffeine but I never thought it would affect me,
       | after all I did not have that bad of a reaction but it really
       | built up and I had gotten used to it.
        
         | curmudgeon22 wrote:
         | I've had a very similar experience. If i drink coffee daily, it
         | bumps my anxiety significantly after a few days or a week. If i
         | rarely have it, it's usually fine. But if I let myself have it,
         | it's too easy to trend towards daily again.
         | 
         | I drank coffee for years and don't think it had an impact, but
         | at some point, I noticed it and the impact was very real when
         | not drinking it.
        
         | olegious wrote:
         | Just curious, how do you define anxiety?
        
       | broguinn wrote:
       | I haven't seen this mentioned in the comments yet, so I'll
       | mention it here. For the last year, I've seen health pundits
       | (Huberman, etc.) recommend delaying caffeine intake for two hours
       | after waking, for the purpose of allowing adenosine to clear from
       | the brain first.
       | 
       | Ever since I've adopted this strategy, I find myself avoiding a
       | mid-morning crash, and generally feeling more alert in the
       | mornings. I wonder if the deleterious impact on grey matter could
       | be mitigated in part by delaying consumption until fully awake.
        
       | ninininino wrote:
       | Are any of these results applicable to a non sleep-restricted
       | state?
       | 
       | The study was on 5 days of 5-hr sleep only. How does caffeine
       | affect 8-hrs sleep?
        
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